Shadows in The Sun

IN THE
SHADOWS SUN
the Living Legacy of the Sahabah
Shaykh abdullah hakim Quick

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7/23/12 4:31 PM
IN THE
SHADOWS SUN
Lessons and Inspiration
from the Lives of the abah (rayAllhu anhum)
Of the Believers are men who are true to the Covenant that they made with Allh:
Of them is he who fullled his vow and of them is he who yet waits, and they have
not changed (in their determination) in the least. (Sratl-Azb: 23)
TAUGHT BY SHAYKH ABDULLAH HAKIM QUICK, PHD
Name
iii
CLASS ETIQUETTE
1.
Write your own detailed notes on these notes
or take sheets of lined paper and insert it in between
the class notes so that youll have more space to write.
Dont just write notes; interact with what youve
learned. Work hard on thinking of examples of your
own on where and how you can use this information.
2.
Please do not speak out of turn while the
instructor is speaking. This may cut off (i.e. derail) the
7.
You are welcome to bring snacks to share
at the refreshment tablejust keep the health and
welfare of the students in mind before going to
Dunkin Donuts.
8.
Please turn off any noise making devices
during the seminar.
instructors train of thought.
9.
In accordance with AlMaghrib regulations,
private audio recordings are not allowed.
3.
Please try to keep clear of the instructors
immediate teaching space. There are cables and notes
that are easily tripped over or misplaced.
10.
If a sister is speaking, brothers are requested
to look forward and not turn around.
4.
The breaks are usually 10 minutes. Please
give the instructor at least 5 minutes to break at
break time. After that you may come up to him and

ask youre questions. If a sister has a question, she is
welcome to stand in the area designated for sister
questions and the instructor will come to her.
5.
Classes shall begin on time, In Sha Allh.
Students are requested to try their best to be in their
seats when class begins so as not to disturb others by

walking in late.
11.
At break times, please try to keep clear of
areas designated for the opposite gender.
12.
The back of the room is for sisters, the front
of the room is for brothers.
13.
If a family member is coming to pick up a
student, please ask them to not enter the classroom
until class has been dismissed.
6.
Please try not to eat snacks during the class;
keep it for break time. If you nd the snacks help you
concentrate, then try to munch on things that wont
disturb others. Do not eat chips during class.
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH
iv
EXAM
WHO
WHAT
WHEN
All students must take the

exam for their personal benet.
Undoubtedly, one who studies
for an exam benets much
more than one who does not.
The exam is not optional, it is
FARD.
Final Examination
WHERE
WHY
All exams will be taken online

by logging on to
www.almaghrib.org
Most of what was said in class is only in the

students short-term memory. This exam will
give you the chance to actively review your
notes and make the information part of your
conscious knowledge. In shaAllh, you will not
regret the time you spent to prepare for this
exam.
CANT MAKE THE EXAM?

GOT A VALID EXCUSE?
Fill out a Deferral request from your
My AlMaghrib page.
HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE EXAM

1. Make sure you have all the notes. Compare your notes with other students in the class.
2. Use highlighters and graphs to organize the important information from the notes.
3. Choose a study partner. Meet with them and discuss back and forth what you learned and what they learned.
4. Make time to study, however brief. From now till the exam date, casually revisit what you wrote in class so that it becomes
familiar.
5. Sleep and eat well before the exam.

6. Remember to place your trust in Allh. You are learning this for His sake and you re hoping for the reward with Him.
7. Realize that the marks on this exam do not matter; it is how much of this knowledge we practice. The exam is only a means to
increase the amount of long-term information you retain and give you goals in your continued path of seeking knowledge.
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
T A B L E
O F
CONTENTS
PART
CHAPTER
PAGE
.I.
The Importance of the History of

the Companions of the Prophet
Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
.1.
.II.
The Custodian of the Ummah
.5.
.III.
The Master of al-Qurn
.10.
.IV.
The First Ambassador of Islam
.15.
.V.
The Knight of the Prophet (allallhu

alayhi wa sallam)
.21.
.VI.
The First Translator of the Meaning of

al-Qurn
.26.
.VII.
The Host of the Prophet (allallhu

alayhi wa sallam)
.31.
.VIII.
The Wise man of this Ummah
.34.
Female Shadows in the Sun
.39.
.IX.
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
vi
T A B L E
O F
CONTENTS
PART
CHAPTER
PAGE
.X.
The Second Mother of the Prophet

(allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
.42.
.XI.
The Hidden Advisor of the Messenger of

Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
.46.
.XII.
The Representative of the Women of

al-Madnah
.50.
.XIII.
Decisive Actions in the Shadows
.54.
.XIV.
A Valuable Transformation
.61.
.XV.
The Keeper of the Secrets of Allhs

Messenger (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
.66.
Suggestions for Further Reading
My Mini Gem Board
My Classmates
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
PART I
THE IM P O RTAN CE OF
THE
HISTORY
OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE
PROPHET MUAMMAD
Photo Credit: Seier Seier, Flickr.com
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
2
allallhu alayhi wa sallam
I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD
Notes
Islamic History is becoming one of the most important means of gaining
solid, practical guidance for implementing Islamic lifestyle.
Many critics consider the study of History to be an exercise in futility or a

means to cry over spilled milk.
Lessons from the people of understanding.
Over one-third of the blessed Qurn is based on stories that give us divine
insight into past human experience.
These stories are not presented for mere entertainment but as a source of
reection and knowledge.
Almighty Allh tells us in Srah Ysuf verse 111:
In their histories, there is certainly a

lesson for men of understanding.
SHADOWS SUN
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3
Notes
Of all of the benecial stories of the past, the biography of the Prophet
Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) and the lives of his Companions (abah)
are most important.
We learn about the stories of the Prophets and the wise men of
prominence to lean of/from them.
In Sratl-Arf verse 176, Allh states,

So relate the stories in order that they
may reect.
The verse is in command form.
From these narratives of the past, the present can be better understood and
people can more effectively project into the future.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) described them as the ideal

generation to follow in all walks of life. He is reported to have said, The best
generation is my generation, then the one that follows them, then the one that
follows them. (Muslim)
The abah represent the generation that experienced the nal revelation
rsthand and were part of its living form.
They were the best generation
SHADOWS SUN
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4
Notes
Among the abah were those whose names and deeds are etched into the
annals of popular Islamic history. They are known to the majority of Muslims
and, in some cases, even studied by people of other faiths.
10 people promised Paradise:

Abu Bakr
Some names are known but their contributions are not well know.
Leaders go through much that mold into their position.
Umar ibn Khattab

Uthman
Ali
But there were also those whose names were known but their deeds, sayings
and lessons are unknown to the average student of knowledge. These are the
Shadows in the Sun and the following pages will begin to shed light on their
invaluable contributions.
Talha ibn Obaidullah

Zubair ibn al-Awwam
Abdurrahman ibn Awf
Saad ibn abi Waqqas
Sa'id idb Zaid
Abu Ubaidah
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
PART II
THE CUSTODIAN OF
Photo Credit: NASA Goddard Photo & Video, Flickr.com
THE UMMAH
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
II. THE CUSTODIAN OF THE UMMAH
Notes
His appearance was striking, tall, and slim with a sparse beard. He was
courageous and decisive in tough situations, yet he was also extremely modest
and shy.
He was humble but in danger he took charge.
Characteristics of a Muslim: Humble, shy, modest but does not get
pushed around.
His name was mir b. Abdullh b. al-Jarr, but he was known as Abu
Ubaydah.
Al- Ameen of the Ummah
Abdullh b. Umar described three people of the Quraysh who were most
prominent, best in character and most modest. They never deceived people or
accused anyone of lying: Abu Bakr al-iddq, Uthmn b. Affn and Abu Ubaydah
b. al-Jarr.
He accepted Islam one day after Abu Bakr along with Abdl-Ramn b. Awf,
Uthmn b. Man and al-Arqam b. Abil-Arqam.
Bought into Islam by Abu Bakr.
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
Notes
He suffered through the hardships of Makkah but endured a major personal
tragedy in the Battle of Badr. He was forced to take the life of Abdullh b.
al-Jarr (who is this person?). Verse 22 of Sratl-Mujdilah was revealed to
highlight this event:
Abdullah b. al-Jarrah was his father.
You will not nd a people believing
in Allh and the Last Day making
friends with those who oppose Allh
and His Messenger; even if they were
their fathers, sons, brothers or clan.
Allh has placed faith in their hearts
and strengthened them with a spirit
from Him. He will cause them to enter
gardens beneath which rivers ow
(that they may dwell therein). Allh is
well pleased with them and they well
pleased with Him. They are the party
of Allh. Is not the party of Allh the
successful ones?
This verse was for all the people who fought at the Battle of Badr. There were
313 people who fought against over 1000 people of Quraysh.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) selected Abu Ubaydah to judge

between a party of Christians from Najrn in matters of property.
Hudhaifa reported that the people of najran came to Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) and said: Allah's Messenger, send along with us a man of trust;
whereupon he said: I would definitely send to you a man of trust, a man of trust in the
true sense of the term. Thereupon his Companions looked up eagerly and he sent
Abu Ubaida b. Jarrah. (Abu Dawood: 31: 5949; Muslim: 31: 5949)
During the battle of Uud, Abu Ubaydah was one of the ten who rescued the
Messenger of Allh by encircling him with their bodies and sacricing their own
personal safety.
When Abu `Ubaidah saw the two rings of the Prophet's (SA) chain mail that had
pierced his cheeks, he rushed and held the first one with his front teeth and pulled it
out. Yet as it fell, it took out his upper front teeth as well, and the same thing happened
to the lower front teeth when he pulled out the second ring.
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
Notes
He was sent on a number of sensitive missions, including the collection of
jizyah from Bahrain.
Bahrain was the east province of Saudi Arabia) Islam was not forced on them and
they were required to pay jizyah.
After the death of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) when the
Companions were deciding on a new leader, Abu Ubaydah refused leadership and
instead pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr. He remained a close advisor to the rst
two khalfahs.
Umar (RA) nominated him because he was the Messenger of Allah (SA) called him
Al-Ameen of the ummah. He refused leadership before Abu Bakr.
During the rule of Umar b. al-Khab, Abu Ubaydah, while leading the
Muslim army in Syria, was stricken with the plague after he refused to leave his
soldiers. His last advice to the ummah was:
Let me give you some advice that will cause you to be
on the path of goodness always. Establish prayer, fast
in Raman, give adaqah, and perform Umrah and ajj.
Remain united and support one another. Be sincere to
your leaders and do not conceal anything from them. Do
not let the world destroy you for even if a man were to live
a thousand years, he would still end up with this fate that
you see me in.
He refused to leave even when Umar (RA) wrote to him and told him to
comeback. Umar cried when the news of his death reached him.
The Prophet Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) was reported to have

said, Verily every nation has an amn (a trustworthy custodian) and you are the
custodian of this ummah. (Muslim)
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
FIQHL-TRKH
1.
Notes
What are some of the unique qualities of Abu Ubaydah?
Consider the phrase "Just do it". This action is done without any forethought.
When someone does not have modesty, they are capable of anything.
Abu Ubaydah was modest,selfless and shy but courageous as well and knew
when to step up. He was tall and lean and very committed to his faith.
2. What quality stands out over the rest?

He was known as al Ameen, the trustworthy. He did not accept khilafah
because he believed that Abu Bakr was more qualified.
3. Who was Abdullh b. al-Jarr and what was the

signicance of his death?
He was the father of Abu Ubaydah.
4. How did Abu Ubaydah show his selessness in

the Battle of Uud?
He was one of the ten people who rescued the Messenger of
Allah (SA).
5. Name ve important points from his nal advice.

Refer to Page 6
6. How do you think his personality could help Muslims

in todays crises?
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
10
PART III
THE
MASTER O F
Photo Credit: Crystalina, Flickr.com
AL-QURN
SHADOWS SUN
IN THE
11
III. THE MASTER OF AL-QURAN
Notes
Abdullh b. Masd was the sixth person to embrace Islam at the hands of
the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) and Abu Bakr (rayAllhu anhu).
He had very thin legs. The Messenger of
Our faith is revelation based. The purest source is the Quran.
Allah (SA) said : By the One who has my

soul in His Hand, the two of them
(ie his two legs) are indeed heavier in
He was a young man of small stature who used to tend the ocks of Uqbah b.
Muay. At that time he was known as Ibn Umm Abd (the son of the mother of
a slave).
the Balance than Uhud (a large mountain

in Madinah).
All the Prophets were shephards. If you have a connection with animals
then you have a connection with the creator.
From the early days of his Islam, he received a rsthand education by

becoming the servant of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) himself. He
would attend to his personal needs and accompany him on his journeys.
When revelations would come he would be present
udhayfah b. al-Yamn used to say, Verily the closest person resembling

the Prophet in his manner and traits is Abdullh b. Masd from the time he
leaves his house until he returns and I dont know what he does with his family.
(ifatl-afwah v.1, pg. 403).
He was the best reciter of the Qurn and the most knowledgeable in its
meanings. The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) once said, Whoever wants to
read the Qurn as fresh as when it was revealed, then let him read according to
recitation of Ibn Umm Abd. (ifa pg. 64).
This is because he would read just like how the revelations came, thus he read like
Jibreal (AS).
SHADOWS SUN
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12
Notes
Ibn Masd had a deep, penetrating understanding of the Book of Allh. This
was illustrated in his own words: By Him besides Whom there is no god, no verse
of the Book of Allh has been revealed without my knowing where it was revealed
and the circumstances of its revelation. By Allh, if I knew there was anyone who
knew more of the Book of Allh, I will do whatever is in my power to be with
him. (ifaPg. 64)
Saying of Ibn Masood(RA): O People! Whoever knows something then let him say it
(speak of it), and whoever doesnt know then let him say Allaahu Alam (Allaah knows
best), for it is a sign of having knowledge to say about that which one doesnt know
Allaahu Alam
Once Umar met a caravan during his days as khalfah. He asked where they
were coming from and the reply came, From a deep valley (min fajj amq). He
asked them where they are going and the reply came, ilal-baytl-atq (to the
ancient house). Umar then realized that there was a learned person among
them. He then commanded them to ask this person:
1. Which part of the Qurn is the greatest?

The answer came: (Sratl-Baqarah: 255).
Allah: There is no god but He, the Living, the

All-Sustaining. Neither dozing overtakes Him
nor sleep. To Him belongs all that is in the
heavens and all that is on the earth. Who can
intercede with Him without His permission? He
knows what is before them and what is behind
them; while they encompass nothing of His knowledge,
except what He wills. His Kursiyy (Chair) extends to the Heavens and to the
Earth, and it does not weary Him to look after them. He is the All-High, the Supreme.
2. Which part of the Qurn is the most clear on justice?

(Answer: Sratl-Nal: 90)
Photo Credit: Aih, Flickr.com
Allah enjoins to do justice and to adopt good behavior

and to give relatives (their due rights), and forbids
shameful acts, evil deeds and oppressive attitude.
He exhorts you, so that you may be mindful.
SHADOWS SUN
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13
Notes
3. What is the most comprehensive statement of the Qurn?
(Answer: Sratl-Zilzl: 7-8)
So, whoever does any good act (even) to the weight of a

particle will see it. (7) And whoever does evil (even) to
the weight of a particle will see it.
4. Which part of the Qurn gives rise to the most hope?

(Answer: Sratl- Zumar: 53).
Say (on My behalf), O servants of Mine who

have acted recklessly against their own selves,
do not despair of Allahs mercy. Surely, Allah will
forgive all sins. Surely, He is the One who is the
Most-Forgiving, the Very-Merciful.
Umar then asked, Is Abdullh b. Masd among you? They said, Yes, by
Allh!
Prophet said, "Take (learn) the Qur'an from four (men): `Abdullah bin Masud, Salim,
Mu'adh and Ubai bin Ka'b." (Bukhari)
Masrooq (disciple of Abdullah Ibn Mas'ood) said: ' I studied the companions of the Messenger(SA), and found that their knowledge ended with six
individuals; Umar ibn al Khataab, Alee ibn Abee Taalib. Abdullaah ibn Masood, Abu ad Dardaa,
Ubay ibn Ka'b and Zayd ibn Thaabit."I further studied these six and found that their knowledge ended with two of them; 'Alee and 'Abdullaah.'
Ibn Masd reached the nal stage of sincerity to the Qurn by

implementing it in his life. When the Companions were only a few, they needed
to read the Qurn openly and Ibn Masd volunteered despite his size and lack of
tribal support. He was beaten brutally but still wanted to continue.
He recited Surah Ar-Rahman
During the khilfah of Umar, it was reported that a man was lling the pages
of Qurn from his memory. Umar was enraged but when he realized that it was
Ibn Masd, he regained his composure. This was truly the master of the Qurn!
He died 32 years after Hijrah and he

was about 60 years old.
Umar(RA) sent Abdullah Ibn Masood (RA) to Kufa to educate the people and to take charge of the
Bait-ul-Maal.
SHADOWS SUN
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14
1.
FIQHL-TRKH
Notes
How did Ibn Masd become a master of the Qurn?
2. What were his most important qualities?
3. What do you understand from his answers to Umars

questions?
SHADOWS SUN
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15
PART IV
T HE FIR ST
Photo Credit: Jonahthan Kos Read, Flickr.com
AMBASSADOR
OF ISLAM
SHADOWS SUN
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IV. THE FIRST AMBASSADOR OF ISLAM
Notes
Muab b. Umayr (rayAllhu anhu) was born into luxury and wealth in
Makkah and from an early age got special attention and care.
He was considered the best dressed and most intelligent, handsome young
man of his time.
Even the nobility of Quraysh honored him and gave him a seat in their
gatherings. He was therefore well informed of the events of Arabia.
With the advent of the teachings of Islam in Makkah, the whole society
buzzed with curiosity and anxiety.
Muab was informed of Muammads secret meetings at the house of

al-Arqam near the mount of al-afa. One day, he proceeded to the house and
witnessed the Prophets teachings and the recitation of Qurn himself.
SHADOWS SUN
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Notes
Allh opened his heart and during the rst meeting he embraced Islam and
dedicated his talent and youth to the young Muslim ummah.
His mother, Khunnas bint Mlik, became his major obstacle. Although he
concealed his faith for a while, she eventually found out and tied him up in a
corner of their house.
Despite being watched by armed guards, he escaped the imprisonment and

ed to Abyssinia in the rst hijrah. Longing for Makkah, he returned at the rst
opportunity, only to be cut off completely by his mother.
Prophet (SA) had publicly recited Surah Najm before an assembly of the Quraish in which both the believers and the disbelievers were present. At the end,
when he recited the verse requiring the performance of a sajdah and fell down in prostration, the whole assembly also fall down in prostration with him, and
even those chiefs of the polytheists who were in the forefront of the opposition to the Holy Prophet (SA) could not resist falling down in prostration. There was
a rumor at this time that the Quraish had accepted Islam. This was when Mus'ab returned to Makkah.
One day he appeared in front of the abah in rags, homeless and distraught.
They wept upon seeing him, but the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) gave glad
tidings to the patient.
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) expanded his horizons to if

and then to the north, Muab was chosen as the rst Ambassador to the people
of Yathrib.
Two qualities brought him to this position: his character and he was a natural at dawah.
SHADOWS SUN
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Notes
Although there were older, more experienced companions, Muab was
chosen for his character, ne manners, knowledge and recitation of Qurn and
sharp intellect. He was the perfect diyah, a natural communicator.
He entered Madnah as a guest of Asad b. Zurrah of the Khazraj tribe and

together they went out to the homes and gatherings of the people.
By the grace of Allh, many people accepted Islam including Usayd b.

Khuayr, Sad b. Mudh and Sad b. Ubdah, three notables of Yathrib.
Once Mus'ab and Sa'd were sitting near a well in an orchard of the Zafar clan. With them were a number of new Muslims and others who were
interested in Islam. Usayd ibn Khudayr, approached in rage, brandishing a spear. Mus'ab, displayed all the calm and tact of a great da 'iy. Usayd was
abusive and threatened Mus'ab and his host. Mus'ab did not compel him to anything, nor denounced him, he only invited him to listen. He then
expounded the truths of Islam and recited the Qur'an. It was clear that Islam had entered Usayd's heart. He asked Mus'ab what he should do to enter
to the religion, to which Mus'ab replied that he should purify himself and his clothes and then utter the testimony of truth (al-shahadah), and perform
salat. Usayd left the gathering, returned after a brief absence, and testified that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His Messenger.
Within a year of his arrival in the city, Islam spread rapidly and took hold
in almost every household. The stage was set for the Second Pledge of al-Aqabah
where the representatives of Yathrib pledged to protect the Prophet with their
lives.
There were 75 representative and 2 of them were women.
SHADOWS SUN
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19
Notes
This decisive moment began the Great hijrah and Muab b. Umayr and
the blind Abdullh b. Umm Maktm were the rst to make the journey. It was
reported that they both recited the Qurn beautifully and they won the hearts of
the people.
Muab played a major role in the building of the community and helping
people enter Islam until he earned the title, Muab al-Khayr (Muab the Good).
During the battle of Uud, in the darkest moments when the Muslims
thought the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) had been killed, Muab gained
martyrdom while holding the ag of Islam and shouting, Muammad is only a
Messenger. Messengers have passed away before him. These words were later
completed and revealed to the Prophet as part of the Qurn!
Photo Credit: Frederic Potet, Flickr.com
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) shed tears as he buried Muab,

amzah and the Martyrs of Uud. He remembered Muab in Makkah in his
elegant clothing. Now he did not have enough cloth to cover his body, but he had
attained an everlasting reward in paradise.
SHADOWS SUN
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1.
FIQHL-TRKH
Notes
Does Muab b. Umayr remind you of anybody in todays
ummah?
2. What made him the right choice to do outreach to Yathrib?

3. How was he effective in dawah?
4.
What were the verses revealed in Qurn that completed the
words of Muab in the battle of Uud?
5. Are we in need of this type of personality today?
SHADOWS SUN
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21
PART V
THE KNIGHT
OF THE PROPHET
Photo Credit: Snake3eyes, Flickr.com
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V. THE KNIGHT OF THE PROPHET
Notes
He was named Muammad before he accepted Islam although he was not an
Arab but an ally (alf) of the Aws tribe of Yathrib.
Muammad b. Maslamah was tall, dark and powerful, a giant among the
companions of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) in body and in deeds.
He was of African origin
He accepted Islam at the hands of Muab b. Umayr before Usayd b. Huayr

and Sad b. Mudh.
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) came to Madnah and

strengthened the bonds of brotherhood between the believers by pairing them
off, Muammad b. Maslamah was joined with Abu Ubaydah b. al-Jarr.
They were both introverts, modest, quiet, pensive, thoughtful and courageous
Like Abu Ubaydah, he was quiet, thoughtful, trustworthy and courageous

in battle. He was a distinguished horseman who performed a number of amazing
feats of bravery in the path of Allh.
SHADOWS SUN
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Notes
Ibn Maslamah took part in all of the major military campaigns of the Prophet
(allallhu alayhi wa sallam) except Tabk, for he and Ali b. Abi lib had been put
in charge of a force that would protect Madnah.
In Uud, he guarded the camp of the Muslims the night before the battle and
was one of the ten people who shielded the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
when he was wounded and nearly killed. He defended his beloved Messenger
until the tide of the battle turned.
He was sent on numerous special missions to defeat the enemies of Allh

and put fear in the hearts of the transgressors. He carried out every assignment
exactly as he was ordered and became known as the Knight of the Prophet
(allallhu alayhi wa sallam).
During the rule of Umar b. al-Khab, Muammad became a minister and

close condante and advisor.
Both during the time of the Prophet and after, Muhammad ibn Maslamah was known for carrying out any assignment he accepted exactly as he was ordered,
neither doing more nor less than he was asked to do. It was these qualities which made Umar choose him as one of his ministers and as a trusted friend and
guide.When Amr ibn al-Aas requested reinforcements during his expedition to Egypt, Umar sent him Muhammad ibn Maslamah to help distribute his wealth.
Ibn Maslamah went to Amr in Fustat (near present-day Cairo).. He sat at his table but did not touch the food. Amr asked him: "Did Umar prevent you from tasting
my food?" "No," replied ibn Maslamah, "he did not prevent me from having your food but neither did he command me to eat of it." He then placed a flat loaf of
bread on the table and ate it with salt. Amr became upset and said: "May God bring to an end the time in which we work for Umar ibn al-Khattab! I have
witnessed a time when al-Khattab and his son Umar were wandering around wearing clothes which could not even cover them properly while Al-Aas ibn Wail
(Amr's father) sported brocade lined with gold..."
"As for your father and the father of Umar, they are in hell," retorted Muhammad ibn Maslamah, because they did not accept Islam. "As for you, if Umar did not
give you an appointment, you would have been pleased with what you got from their udders," continued Ibn Maslamah obviously disabusing Amr's mind of any
ideas he might have of appearing superior because he was the governor of Egypt. "Assemblies must be conducted as a form of trust," said Amr in an attempt to
diffuse the situation and Muhammad ibn Maslamah replied: "Oh yes, so long as Umar is alive." He wanted to impress upon people the justice of Umar and the
egalitarian teachings of Islam. Muhammad ibn Maslamah was a veritable scourge against all arrogant and haughty behavior.
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24
Notes
Ibn Maslamah was sent on special missions to make sure the governors of
the provinces distributed their wealth properly and kept Islamic discipline. Umar
even sent him to burn down the palace of Sad b. Abi Waqqs that he had built at
Kfah. Sad did not say a word although he was the commander of the forces that
conquered the Persian dynasty.
When the civil war broke out in the time of Uthmn b. Affn, Muammad
did not participate but broke the sword given to him by the Prophet (allallhu
alayhi wa sallam) himself. He made a sword of wood and hung it inside his house
to frighten any wrongdoers. By refusing to use the sword against Muslims, he
preserved his reputation and ended his life in Madnah.
Photo Credit: H Koppdelaney, Flickr.com
He dies 46 years after hijrah and he was 77 years old.
SHADOWS SUN
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FIQHL-TRKH
1.
25
Notes
How was Muammad complementary to Abu Ubaydah b.
al-Jarr?
2. Why was he named Knight of the Prophet?
3. Was he correct in not engaging in the civil war during the

khilfah of Uthmn?
4.
How could Ibn Maslamah be effective today in the Muslim
world?
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26
PART VI
THE FIRST
TO F R ATHEN SMLE ANAT

O
R
IN G OF
Photo Credit: Bachmont, Flickr.com
AL-QURN
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27
VI. THE FIRST TRANSLATOR OF THE MEANING OF AL-QURAN
Notes
Salmn al-Frisi grew up in Isfahan, Persia, in the home of a village chief.
From an early age, he became devoted to the Magian religion and attained the
position of the custodian of the sacred ame.
The custodians were high class, noble, educated, dedicated to their religion, in charge or
rituals etc.
He possessed a sharp intelligence and on meeting the Christians of his area

became impressed by their concepts of God.
His father feared for his religion and imprisoned him in their compound
but Salmn escaped and joined a caravan to Greater Syria, the birthplace of
Christianity.
For years, Salmn faithfully served some of the leading bishops of Syria but
his quest for truth was not over. The last bishop informed him of an Arabian
prophet who was extremely honest and would not consume charity.
This is was the priest told him: There is nobody following our ways of life I can send you to. Nevertheless, your life seems to coincide with the era of
the predestined Prophet who will arise from the Haram. His migration will be to a city full of date trees. Moreover, he will certainly have some distinct
features: Between his shoulder blades, there will be the Seal of the Prophethood. He will eat food, provided it is a gift and not a donation. If you can
reach that city, then do so, because you are very close to his era.
Salmn paid a group of merchants from the tribe of Kalb to take him to the
land of the Arabs but they deceived him and sold him to a Jew who later sold him
as a slave to his nephew from Bani Qurayah of Yathrib.
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28
Notes
In Yathrib, Salmn toiled as a slave, awaiting the expected prophet. On the
coming of Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam), Salmns hopes were fullled.
Salmn tested the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) by offering him dates
that were charity, offering him a gift, and looking for the sign of prophethood
between his shoulder blades.
The Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) refused to eat from

the adaqah (charity), shared in the gift, and showed Salmn the mark of the
prophethood.
Photo Credit: si_si_ay, Flickr.com
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) and his companions paid the price
for Salmns freedom and he became part of the Muslim community. He was
immediately integrated into the community and was made a brother to AbudDard.
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29
Notes
Before the battle of al-Khandaq, Salmns advice was taken in the major
shra (consultation): cover the weak part of Madnah with a trench.
he proved to be an innovator in military strategy.
During the digging of the trench, the muhjirn and anr vied to have Salmn
as part of their group but the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) said, Salmn is
from us, ahll-bayt.
Refer to one's clan
As a scholar, Salmn was known for his vast knowledge. Ali said of him that
he was like Luqmn the Wise. Kab al-Abr said, Salmn is lled with knowledge
and wisdom like an ocean that does not dry up.
Salman(RA) was a scholar who lived a rough and ascetic life. He had one cloak, which he wore and
slept on. He would not seek the shelter of a roof but stayed under a tree or against a wall. Later, as a
governor of Al-Madain (Ctesiphon) near Baghdad, Salman (RA) received a stipend of five thousand
dhirhams. This he would distribute as sadaqah. He lived from the work of his own hands.
With his understanding of the Magian religion, Christianity, and Islam,

Salmn was well qualied to interpret Islam to people of other faiths. In fact, he
translated parts of the meaning of the Qurn into Persian. He was thus the rst
person to translate the Qurn into a foreign language!
He passed away 35 years after hijrah in the time of Uthman (RA).
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30
1.
FIQHL-TRKH
Notes
What was the signicance of the ame to the Majs?
2. What were the signs of the Prophethood that Salmn was

looking for?
3. What was the last sign between the Prophets shoulder

blades?
4.
Why was Salmns role in the Battle of the Trench so
signicant?
5. What is the implication of Salmn being called ahll-bayt?
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31
PART VII
THE
HOS
T
O F T H E PR O P H E T
Photo Credit: JonRawlinson Flickr.com
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32
VII. THE HOST OF THE PROPHET
Notes
Abu Ayyb, or Khlid b. Zayd b. Kulayb, of Banu Najjr had a unique position
with the Prophet Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam).
He was a prominent part of Yathrib and one of the representatives who

swore allegiance to the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) at the Second Pledge
of al-Aqabah.
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) reached Madnah after his
long and dangerous hijrah, the whole city came out to greet him and every family
wanted the honor of hosting him.
Instead of making a personal decision, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa

sallam) let his camel decide, saying, It is under command. The camel nally
rested in front of the house of Abu Ayyb al-anri.
Abu Ayyb and his wife opened their doors and went to extremes in serving
the Messenger of Allh and making him comfortable, even refusing to sleep above
the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) in their two-storey house.
SHADOWS SUN
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Photo Credit: Tab59, Flickr.com
The name of the Camel was Al-Qaswa
33
VII. THE HOST OF THE PROPHET
Notes
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) stayed in Abu Ayybs house almost
seven months, and when the masjid was completed, he moved Abu Ayyb into the
rooms built for his own family!
There was no formality between them, and the Prophet (allallhu alayhi
wa sallam) continued to consider Abu Ayybs house as his own. What a noble
neighbor and close companion!
Abu Ayyb distinguished himself in battle and participated in all of the major
campaigns in defense of Islam. During the civil war of the khilfah of Uthmn, he
took the side of Ali, keeping his allegiance to the rightfully chosen leader. When
Muwiyah assumed leadership, Abu Ayyb continued to serve the Muslim army
and despite his eighty years of age, he still wanted to join the campaign.
In the war against the Romans, Yazd b. Muwiyah, the commander, found
Abu Ayyb had fallen ill and had to leave the battleeld. Abu Ayyb encouraged
the Muslims to continue on and take his body to the walls of Constantinople.
It was the Roman Capital at that time.
Then he breathed his last and his will was carried out. Although it took
centuries to nally conquer the city for Islam, Abu Ayyb was buried at its walls
and his grave is still a place of respect protected even by Christians.
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34
PART VIII
THE
Photo Credit: Tab59, Flickr.com
W
I
S
E
M
A
N
O F
T H I S
UMMAH
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35
VIII. THE WISE MAN OF THIS UMMAH
Notes
The actual name of Abud-Dard was Uwaymir b. Mlik b. Zayd b. Qays alrithi al-Khazraji, and he was one of the people of Yathrib.
He accepted Islam through the relentless persuasion of his closest friend

Abdullh b. Rawaa, who become Muslim at the beginning of the Madnah
period. Abdullh took the extreme step of breaking the personal idol of AbudDard in order to wake him up to the weakness of worshipping stones.
They broke his idols in his absence. While trying to piece them together, he could not help
asking the chunks why the deity could not defend itself.
From the moment Abud-Dard embraced Islam, he displayed unique

qualities. He gave up his thriving business and devoted himself primarily
to worship and knowledge. His devotion was a matter of admiration by the
Companions themselves.
If Salman (RA) was ab ocean of knowledge, Abu Darda (RA) was the seeker of knowledge.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) assigned a bond of brotherhood

between Abud-Dard and Salmn al-Frisi and once said, He is the wise man of
my nation.
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36
Notes
Abud-Dard recognized the rights he had towards himself and his family,
but his duties to his Lord remained dominant over any time of rest. Through his
tireless worship and remembrance of Allh, he emerged with invaluable wisdom.
One day, a man came to Abud-Dard and said, Give me advice! Abud-Dard
answered, Remember Allh in distress, He will remember you in prosperity. If
you attempt anything then rst (try to) understand what the result will be.
One of his deep sayings about piety was: If I knew that Allh would accept
just a single prayer of mine, that would be more beloved to me than owning the
whole world and what it encompasses; for Allh says, Verily Allh accepts only
from those who are conscious of Him. (Al-Midah, 27)
Once Abud-Dard passed a group of people crowding around a man. They

began insulting and beating the man. He came up to them and said, Whats the
matter? This is a man who has committed a grave sin, they replied. What
do you think you would do if he had fallen into a well? asked Abud-Dard.
Wouldnt you try to get him out? Certainly, they said. Dont insult and dont
beat him. Instead admonish him and make him aware of the consequences of
what he had done. Then give praise to Allh who has preserved you from falling
into such a sin. Dont you hate him? they asked Abud-Dard. I only detest
what he has done and if he abandons such practice, he is my brother. The man
began to cry and publicly announced his repentance.
SHADOWS SUN
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Photo Credit: Ahmed Riyazi Mohamed, Flickr.com
He also said, Were it not for three things, I would not wish to stay in this
world. They asked, What are they? He explained, The lowering of my face
during prostration to the Creator, day and night; the thirst of the midday heat
(because of fasting); and gatherings with those who select their words as if they
were selecting fruit.
37
Notes
His humility and restraint in life did not deter him from participating in all
the major military confrontations as a frontline ghter. In the Battle of Uud, he
was described by the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) as an excellent soldier.
During the Caliphate of Umar b. al-Khab (rayAllhu anhu), Abud-Dard

asked for permission to leave for Syria (al-Shm) but Umar answered, I will
not grant your permission unless you assume an ofcial duty. Abud-Dard
answered, But I do not wish to assume a position. Then I will not permit you to
leave, replied Umar. Abud-Dard said, I will go and instruct the people in the
Book of their Lord and the teachings of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
and lead them in prayers. So Umar granted permission to Abud-Dard and he
left for Syria. Later, Abud-Dard became the head of Judiciary Courts in the city
of Damascus and lived there until the end of his life. He died in 32 A.H. from a
severe illness.
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38
1.
FIQHL-TRKH
Notes
How did Abu Ayyb and Abud-Dard live up to the title of
al-Anri?
Humility: Know that you are actually serving people
2. What were the most prominent qualities of the two men?
3. Where is the grave of Abu Ayyb today?

Syria
4.
What are some of the important gems of Abu Dardas
wisdom?
5. What value would this be for Muslims today?
SHADOWS SUN
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39
PART IX
FEMALE
S
Photo Credit: Manu_H, Flickr.com
IN THE SUN
SHADOWS SUN
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40
IX. FEMALE SHADOWS IN THE SUN
Notes
The role of women in the development of early Islam has been
misunderstood and sometimes downplayed.
Women were a vital part of the ummah from its inception.
Khadjah bint Khuwaylid was not only the rst to believe, but also she helped
to consolidate the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) and his companions in the
early days.
Sumayyah, the wife of Ysir and mother of Ammr, was the rst shahdah
(martyr) from the Prophet Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)s followers.
ishah bint Abi Bakr memorized and narrated more than two thousand
adth (sayings of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)).
SHADOWS SUN
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41
IX. FEMALE SHADOWS IN THE SUN
Notes
Muslim women suffered through the Makkan period, made hijrah to
Abyssinia, made hijrah to Madnah, struggled through the Madnah period and
even participated in military campaigns.
Photo Credit: Nir Nussbaum, Flickr.com
In most cases, the names of Muslim women are mentioned but their actual
exploits and achievements are unknown to the average reader.
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42
PART X
THE
SECOND
MO F TOH ETP HR O PEH ERT
Photo Credit: MckaySavage, Flickr.com
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43
X. THE SECOND MOTHER OF THE PROPHET
Notes
The exact roots and ancestry of the young Abyssinian girl were unknown but
she ended up like people of many nations: in a slave market in Makkah.
She was from the Ethiopian region..
Barakah was fortunate, however, and ended up in the kind, generous hands
of Abdullh b. Abdl-Mualib. She was the only servant in the household and
became responsible for the domestic affairs of Abdullhs young wife minah.
minah was heartbroken within two weeks of her marriage when she found
out about Abdullhs upcoming journey to the north. Only the awareness of her
pregnancy (after two months) and the unexpected eased feeling lightened her
burden.
Her Pregnancy was blessed.
She refused to leave her house even under threat of the army of Abraah
outside of Makkah. Through all of her pain and suffering, Barakah stayed by her
side.
The army of Abrahah brought elephants to the war
minahs pain turned to sorrow and then uncontrollable grief when she
heard of the death of Abdullh in Gaza. Then, Muammad was born: a blessed
child, on a blessed night. Barakah was the rst to hold him in her arms.
SHADOWS SUN
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44
Notes
When Muammad was six years old, minah and Barakah made the perilous
journey north to visit the grave of Abdullh. minah became deathly ill and
commended her son to the care of Barakah. Be a mother to him, Barakah, and
dont ever leave him, she said.
This was half way between Makkah and Madina
Barakah buried minah with her own hands, comforted the child and
returned him to his grandfather in Makkah. Abdl-Mualib soon died and
Muammads uncle Abu lib took over as his protector. Wherever he went,
Barakah was there for him, even in his matrimonial home with Khadjah!
She eventually married Ubayd b. Zayd of the Khazraj, went to Yathrib

and gave birth to a son, Ayman. Thereafter she was called Umm Ayman. This
marriage did not last long for her husband passed way. Barakah returned to her
son Muammad and his wife Khadjah.
Photo Credit: Steve Phillips, Flickr.com
Umm Ayman and Zayd b. rithah accepted Islam with the household of the
Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) in the early days of the message. They were
part of a type of secret information service for the new Muslims, as they would
carry valuable information through the roadblocks and obstacles of the mushrikn
(polytheists) to the house of al-Arqam.
SHADOWS SUN
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45
Notes
On one occasion, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) said, If one of
you desires to marry a woman from the people of paradise, let him marry Umm
Ayman! Zayd came forward and they were soon married. Their son Usmah
became one of the most beloved youth to the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
and one of the most distinguished leaders of the Muslim army.
She was promised paradise before her

death, just like the parents of Yasir
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) migrated to Yathrib, he left

Umm Ayman to take care of some of the affairs of his household. She made the
hijrah on her own, braving through the harsh terrain to be with her beloved.
When she arrived in Madnah, the Prophet cried out, Ya Umm Ayman, ya
Ummi, surely there is a place in paradise for you. He wiped her face, massaged
her feet and rubbed her shoulders.
He (SA) came out to meet her himself
She became an integral part of the Muslim community and even distributed
water and took care of the wounded in the battle of Uud. She accompanied the
Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) to Khaybar and unayn where her son Ayman
was martyred.
After the Prophet (SAW), may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had died, Barakah would
often be found with tears in her eyes. She was once asked, "Why are you crying?" and she
replied: "By Allah, I knew that the Messenger of Allah would die but I cry now because the
revelation from on high has come to an end for us."
Throughout her long life, she maintained her promise of always being
selessly devoted to the Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam). She died
during the khilfah of Uthmn b. Affn. Her roots were unknown but her place in
Paradise was guaranteed!
SHADOWS SUN
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46
PART XI
THE HIDDEN
ADVISOR
O
MESSENGER OF ALLAH
Photo Credit: CGP Grey, Flickr.com
SHADOWS SUN
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47
XI. THE HIDDEN ADVISOR OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH
Notes
Her name was Hind bint Suhayl of Banu Makhzm but she was later known
as Umm Salamah. She and her husband, Abdullh, accepted Islam just after Abu
Bakr and a few others.
They suffered so much in the early Makkan period that the Prophet
(allallhu alayhi wa sallam) said they were allowed to make the hijrah to Abyssinia.
Despite the welcome in Abyssinia and the protection of the Emperor, their
love for Makkah was strong so they returned after a short time. This only led to
an increase in torment and another migration, this time to Yathrib.
This was a harrowing experience for Hind, Abdullh and their son Salamah
as they were stopped and detained by their clan before they could leave the city.
Abdullh was allowed to leave but Hind and the boy were imprisoned in different
places.
SHADOWS SUN
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48
Notes
Umm Salamah cried for a whole year in her captivity and was nally
released to make the perilous journey to Madnah with her son. With Allhs Help
and then the chivalrous protection of Uthmn b. alah, they were reunited with
Abu Salamah and took their place with the believers.
The family of Uthman b. Talhah, are the keepers of the key to the kaabah even today.
Umm Salamah said that such a decent, pure-hearted man, with not a trace of evil in him would
be difficult to find. Whenever they reached a camping site he would tie the camel to a tree and
move far away to lie down and rest. So she also had some privacy and could rest at ease,
relaxed with her children. When it was time to resume the journey he would bring the camel
and make it sit down. Once she got on the camel's back with her children, he would take the
bridle in his hand and start walking.
Abu Salamah was wounded in the battle of Badr and eventually succumbed
to his injuries. On his deathbed he related to Umm Salamah, I heard the
Messenger of Allh saying, Whenever a calamity aficts anyone, he should say,
Surely from Allh we are and to Him we shall certainly return. And he would
pray, O Lord, give me in return something good from it which only You, Exalted
and Mighty, can give.
She made this du at her husbands death but wondered who would be
better than him. Allh gave her a better husband in the Messenger of Allh
(allallhu alayhi wa sallam) himself!
When she finished the prescribed period of waiting, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent a proposal of
marriage to her, but she refused. Then 'Umar bin Khattab proposed and she refused him as
well. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) proposed. She told him that she
had three reservations regarding his proposal. She was extremely prone to jealousy; she felt
she might be rude to the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and thus lose the
reward for all her good deeds. Secondly, she was an elderly lady; thirdly, she had, many children.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) answered that he would pray to Allah, and
Allah willing, her jealousy would subside. As far as age was concerned, he was also an elderly
man. Thirdly, as far as her children were concerned - that was the precise reason for proposing
to her - he wished to be their guardian and share the responsibility.
SHADOWS SUN
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49
Notes
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) proposed to her, she said, O
Messenger of Allh, I have three characteristics. I am a woman who is extremely
jealous and I am afraid that you will see in me something that will anger you and
cause Allh to punish me. I am a woman who is already advanced in age, and I am
a woman who has children.
After the truce of Hudaybiyah, the Prophet

(peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his
Companions to sacrifice the animals they brought
along for the purpose, and shave their heads. But
they all seemed reluctant and did not rise to obey
his command. When Umm Salamah saw the
situation she suggested that he should not speak
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) replied, Regarding your jealousy,

I pray to Allh, the Almighty, to remove it from you. Regarding your age, I am
aficted with the same problem. Regarding your dependent family, your family is
my family.
about the subject to anyone, but just go out from the

tent and offer the sacrifice and shave his head.
Then he could see the effect of his action. And what
she expected happened - all the Companions
followed suit.
Umm Salamah became umml-muminn, a trusted advisor and a loyal wife

until the end.
She memorized 387 Hadiths. There were multiple ayahs that were revealed at her presence.
She was an expert in the issues of divorce and foster relations. She has four children altogether.
She Died 62 years after hijrah, at the age of 80. She was the last of the wives to pass away.
SHADOWS SUN
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50
PART XII
THE
REPRESENTATIVE
O F
T H E
W O M E N
Photo Credit: Gianni Dominci, Flickr.com
OF AL-MADNAH
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51
XII. THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE WOMEN OF AL-MADINAH
Notes
Among the seventy-ve representatives of the people of Yathrib at the
second Pledge of al-Aqabah were two women, Nuaybah bint Kab of Banu Najjr
and Asm bint Amr from Banu Salamah. This was one of the most decisive
moments in Islamic history.
The people who shielded the Messenger

of Allah (SA) in the Battle of Uhud:
Abu Talha
Saad b. Abi Waqqas
Zaid ibn Asim was her husband. Her sons were Abdullah and Habib.
Idn Moslamah
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Nusaybah
"O Allah! Make this family my friends in Paradise."
Nuaybah was not only highly intelligent, but courageous and resolute. She
witnessed Uud, al-Hudaybiyyah, Khaybar, the Fullled Umrah, unayn and the
battle of Yammah (against Musaylimah, the Liar).
Saad ibn Malik

Abu Dajawah
Musaab b. Umar
Ali
Sahl b. Haneef
Malik b. Sinan
Qutadah b. Numan
It is reported that she went out on the Day of Uud to treat the wounded but
ended up defending the Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) with her
body. She was among the ten Muslims who shielded the Prophet (allallhu alayhi
wa sallam) when the battle seemed lost and he was surrounded.
Hatib b. Abi Balta

Umar b. Khattab
As the people were passing the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) by,
running from the Makkans, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) asked one of
them to give his shield to someone who is ghting. He gave it to Nuaybah (Umm
Amrah)! She sustained at least twelve wounds in this heroic defense.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) was reported to have said about her,
Whenever I looked to the right or the left, I saw her ghting in front of me!
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52
XII. THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE WOMEN OF AL-MADINAH
Notes
Ibn Qumayah struck her with a erce blow to the shoulder in Uud, but she
dealt him several blows in exchange. The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
used to visit her to see what her condition was.
Nuaybah reported, The Messenger of Allh came to visit me and I offered

him a vegetable dish and barley bread. He took some of it. He said, Come and
eat. I said, Messenger of Allh, I am fasting. He said, When someone eats in the
presence of someone who is fasting, the angels continue to bless him until he
nishes his food.
After the death of the Messenger of Allh, she continued serving the Muslim
ummah and even went out to the Battle of Yammah against Musaylimah, the
Liar. She again received over twelve wounds and got her hand cut off.
This heroism never stopped her from fullling her role as a mother, a
faithful wife and a loyal believer!
Photo Credit: Marviikad, Flickr.com
She died during the caliphate of Umar (RA).
SHADOWS SUN
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FIQHL-TRKH
1.
53
Notes
What were some of the roles played by early Muslim women?
2. Name some other famous women.
3. What is the signicance of Nuaybahs role in al-Yammah?
SHADOWS SUN
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54
PART XIII
DECISIVE
Photo Credit: OliBac, Flickr.com
ACTIONS IN TH E S H ADO W S
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55
XIII. DECISIVE ACTIONS IN THE SHADOWS
Notes
THE FIRST ISLAMIC CENTER,

SANCTUARY OF THE NEW MUSLIMS
This was the home of al-Arqam b. Abil-Arqam b. Asad who accepted Islam
just after Abu Bakr al-iddq, in the early days.
The Muslims needed a shelter to learn Islam in and to meet with the
Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam). They were suffering inhumane
persecution so they were advised to conceal their faith.
In the fth year of the prophethood, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)
took the home of al-Arqam (drl-Arqam) near al-afa mountain as the temporary
center of Islamic activities. Here, new Muslims would meet secretly, embrace the
new faith, and hear the message of the Qurn.
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Photo Credit: Desmond Kavanggh, Flickr.com
It was also critical to avoid confrontation with the polytheists and allow the
community to develop.
56
Notes
Al-Arqam had given his place as a adaqah (charity or waqf endowment) in
the name of his son.
This unselsh action had far reaching implications, for drl-Arqam nurtured
the young community and gave a home to the last Divine message to humanity.
It was a Sadaqa ul- Jarriya
ONE OF THE
GREATEST SALES IN HISTORY

Twenty years before the Prophet Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)s
mission, an Arab governor of the Persian city of Uballah in Iraq, Sinn b. Mlik,
lived in luxury with his children.
He was sold in the slave market of Constantinople in the Roman Empire and
spent his youth in bondage.
For 20 years.
Constantinople is Istanbul today.
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Photo Credit: Tao_zhyn, Flickr.com
His blond-haired son named uhayb was captured by Byzantine raiders at

the young age of ve.
57
Notes
uhayb b. Sinn learned Greek and almost forgot his Arabic, but he never
forgot that he was a child of the desert. He eventually escaped and ended up in
Makkah.
In Makkah, uhayb became a client of a rich merchant, Abdullh b. Judn,

and later he prospered himself. People called him uhaybl-Rmi because of his
heavy accent and his blonde hair.
When the Prophets message appeared, he accepted Islam in drl-Arqam with

Ammr b. Ysir.
He suffered through all of the trials of the Makkan period and was
imprisoned at the beginning of the hijrah. During a seemingly unsuccessful escape
attempt, he bartered all of his riches for his freedom. The Prophet (allallhu
alayhi wa sallam) told him, Your transaction has been fruitful, O Abu Yaya.
The makkans did not want him to leave since he was influential. One night, Sohaib feigned stomach problems and went out repeatedly as if
responding to calls of nature. His captors became relaxed and Sohaib quietly armed himself, readied a mount and headed for Medina. When his
captors realized Sohaib was gone they left in pursuit and eventually caught up with him. Seeing them approach, Sohaib clambered up a hill and
holding his bow and arrow. They only let him go after Sohaib described the place in his house in Mecca where he had left the money.
Almighty Allh then revealed,

And there is a type of man who gives
his life to earn the pleasure of Allh.
And Allh is full of kindness to His
servants. (Sratl-Baqarah: 207)
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58
Notes
uhayb stayed by the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)s side through all
of the major incidents in Makkah and Madnah.
The khalfah Umar b. al-Khab even chose him to lead the ummah after he
had been stabbed and while the six leading abah decided on the new leader!
Lead Salah.
uhayb sold his property to Allh and gained eternal bliss!
He is considered by many historians to be Sbiql-Rm, the forerunner of

the Roman (European) Muslims.
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59
Notes
THE FIRST MUSLIM TO
ENTER MAKKAH RECITING TALBIYAH

In 6 A.H., eight letters were sent out to the rulers of Arabia. One of them was
sent to Thummah b. Uthl of Banu anfah at al-Yammah.
He was the leader of the Najd Area.
Thummah had a strong desire to kill the Messenger of Allh (allallhu

alayhi wa sallam) and end his mission. In pursuit of this evil design, he had killed a
number of Muslims and was considered by the Muslims a wanted man.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) was surprised to nd out who

the captive was and offered him to become Muslim. Thummah held out for
three days trying to bargain for his freedom. All the while, he observed the
brotherhood of the Muslims.
Photo Credit: Rabun Warna, Flickr.com
He left for Makkah to perform Umrah for his idols but on his way, he was
taken prisoner by a Muslim military party. They brought him to Madnah and tied
him to a pole in the masjid.
When asked what he has to say for himself, he said: "If you want to kill in reprisal, you can have someone of noble blood to kill.
If, out of your bounty, you want to forgive, I shall be grateful. If you want money in compensation, I shall give you whatever amount you ask." The
Prophet (SA) then left him for two days, but still personally sent him food and drink and milk from his camel.
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60
Notes
After the third day, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) released him
and he set off out of the city. Allh had opened his heart and he returned to the
Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) to announce his Islam!
He fought Musailimah, the liar.
He said: O Muhammad, by God, there was never on this earth a face more detestable than
yours. Now, yours is the dearest face of all to me.
He pledged himself to Islam and was told to continue on his Umrah but this
time for Allh. He entered Makkah shouting the talbiyah in the Islamic fashion
and was nearly killed by the Quraysh.
He was the first person to do Umrah.
He was told to continue his Umrah to repent for his sins.
They feared his tribe so they allowed him to perform his rites and leave for
Najd. He declared a boycott on all supplies going to Makkah. It was so effective
that the Quraysh had to plead with the Prophet to have it lifted.
Makkah was doing through a drought at this time so they really needed the support from
Najd.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) lifted the embargo but the Quraysh
had suffered a terrible physical and psychological blow. This eventually led to the
Opening of Makkah.
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61
PART XIV
A
V A L U A B L E
Photo Credit: JasmineJennyJen, Flickr.com
TRANSFORMATION
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62
XIV. A VALUABLE TRANSFORMATION
Notes
Al-ufayl b. Amr al-Dawsi was a well-known Arab leader, famous for his
good works and his character. He would feed the poor, shelter and comfort
refugees and assist those in distress.
He was highly interested in literature and distinguished himself as a master

poet. He had tremendous inuence over people with his sensitive, delicate
expressions.
Arabs were masters of their language. Poets were very valuable to them.
In the early Makkan period, al-ufayl journeyed from his village of Tihmah
in southern Arabia and set out for Makkah. This occurred during the height of
the early struggle between the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) and pagan
Quraysh.
He was respected by the Quraysh and on entering Makkah found himself

immersed in a new battle of words. The nobles of Makkah informed him that
Muammad had disrespected their religion and bewitched the people with his
strange yet captivating speech.
The Quraysh were afraid that if he accepted Islam, he would orate to the rest of Arabia.
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63
Notes
Al-ufayl made up his mind not to listen to these words but to carry out
his idol worship at the Kabah and complete his business. He even went as far as
sticking cotton in his ears!
But on entering the precincts of the Kabah, al-ufayl was captivated by the
prayer, speech and mannerism of Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam). He
followed the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) home and expressed his interest
in Islam.
The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) recited Sratl-Ikhl and SratlFalaq. Al-ufayl remarked, I swear by Allh, I had never heard such beautiful
words before. Neither was a more noble or just mission ever described to me. He
immediately embraced Islam.
Notice that the Surahs that were recited to him were all small.
After staying on in Makkah for some time, al-ufayl returned to Tihmah

and succeeded in convincing his father, his wife and a few members of his tribe
to enter the faith. They were all slow in responding except Abu Hurayrah who
returned with him to Makkah.
Abu Hurayrah recorded more hadith than anyone else.
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64
Notes
When the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) heard of the reluctance of
Daws, he prayed for them and asked for guidance, instructing al-ufayl, Go back
to your people, befriend them, treat them gently and invite them to Islam.
Al-ufayl worked tirelessly among his people and by the time of Khaybar,
eighty families came to Madnah to announce their Islam. He stayed with the
Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) until the liberation of Makkah and the
destruction of the idols.
He was then sent back to his people to purify them of idolatry. Back in
Tihmah, the people of Daws were afraid of the ramications of the destruction
of their god. When ufayl set re to it, he released them from shirk (polytheism)
and the whole tribe embraced Islam at once. What an amazing achievement for a
devoted individual!
Photo Credit: Fountain Head, Flickr.com
He was martyred in the battle of Yamama.
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FIQHL-TRKH
1.
65
Notes
What was the importance of drl-Arqam?
2. What was the signicance of the actions of Thummah when

he returned to his people after embracing Islam?
3. Do we have any ufayls today?
What do we learn about dawah from his life?
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4.
66
PART XV
THE KEEPER OF
SECRETS
OF ALLAHS MESSENGER
Photo Credit: Hans Pama, Flickr.com
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67
XV. THE KEEPER OF SECRETS OF ALLAHS MESSENGER
Notes
His father, al-Yamn, was a Makkan from the tribe of Abs. After killing
someone, he had to ee to Yathrib where he married and became part of society.
His son, therefore, was Makkan in origin but Yathribite in upbringing.
udhayfah b. al-Yamn was raised as a Muslim as his fathers tribe

announced their Islam before the hijrah, and his parents were among the rst
people in Yathrib to accept the faith. He had become a Muslim before he met the
Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam)!
udhayfah became close to the Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa

sallam) right from the beginning of the Madnan experience and participated in
all of the major battles except Badr.
In the Battle of Uud, udhayfahs father was killed accidentally by the

Muslim soldiers! It was a great shock and a source of great sorrow for udhayfah,
but he refused to take blood money, forgave the Muslims and donated the
compensation to the poor.
His father had a Makkan way about him and was hard to recognize.
This humble stance raised his stature in the eyes of the Messenger of Allh
(allallhu alayhi wa sallam) who noticed in him three qualities: unique intelligence
in difcult situations, spontaneous response to the call for action, and a unique
ability to keep secrets.
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68
Notes
Because of the last quality, the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) conded
in him the names of the munqn (hypocrites). He had to watch this dangerous
group and shield the Muslims from their evil plots. For this, he became known as
the keeper of the secrets of Allhs Messenger (allallhu alayhi wa sallam).
Omar was swearing him by Allah: Am I among these hypocrites? in which he Hudhayfah replied that he wasn't.
Throughout his life, udhayfah remained true to his responsibility and

was even asked to undertake secret missions for the Messenger of Allh. In
the darkest days of the Battle of the Trench, he was sent across enemy lines
to determine what the position of the Quraysh would be. It was an extremely
difcult task but udhayfah managed to maintain his secrecy and return with the
information of the enemies withdrawal.
Abu Sufyan got up and told everyone to check the person sitting beside them. On hearing this, Hudhayfah
immediately grasped the hand of the man next to him and asked, 'Who are you?' (putting him on the
defensive and clearing himself). Abu Sufyan went on that they were leaving the battle and he then went to
his camel, untethered and mounted it. Hudhayfah(RA) said ff the Messenger of God had not instructed him
to do nothing until he returned to him, he would have killed Abu Sufyan then and there with an arrow.
Even after the death of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam), he never
revealed the names of the hypocrites but remained vigilant of hypocrisy
wherever he found it. During the khilfah of Umar, he was given the
responsibility to lead an army and then govern a province in Iraq. Despite this
power and wealth, he stayed true to the example of the Prophet (allallhu alayhi
wa sallam).
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Photo Credit: Clearly Ambiguous, Flickr.com
He lived in constant fear of evil, corruption and deception. He felt that evil
was much more evasive and difcult to recognize. He reported a number of
adth from the Messenger of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) in this area and
became a source of moral guidance in times of tnah (trials, tribulations).
69
Notes
When the people of the newly conquered Persian lands approached him as
their new leader, he was reported to have said: Beware of places of tnah and
intrigue. And what, they asked, are places of tnah and intrigue? He replied,
The doors of rulers where some people go and try to make the ruler or the
governor believe lies and praise him for qualities he does not possess.
They knew immediately that there was nothing in this world more hateful to
udhayfah than hypocrisy!
The following is one of his most famous reports on the Last Days:
The people used to ask the Messenger of Allh (allallhu

alayhi wa sallam) about the good, and I used to ask about
evil out of fear of it reaching me. I asked, O Messenger
of Allh (allallhu alayhi wa sallam), we were living in
ignorance and evil, and then Allh brought this good to
us. Will there be any evil after this good? He replied, Yes.
Then I asked, Will there be any good after that evil? He
replied, Yes, but it will be tainted. So I asked, What will be
its taint? He replied, A people who guide others to other
than my Sunnah (way). You will approve of some of their
deeds and disapprove of others. I further asked, Then will
there be any evil after that good? He said, Yes, callers at
the gates of Hell. Whoever responds to their call, they will
throw him into the Fire. I then said, O Messenger of Allh,
describe them to us. He said, They will be from our people
and speak our language. I asked, So what do you order me
to do if that reaches me? He said, Stick to the united body
of Muslims and their leader (imm). I further asked, What
if they have neither a united body nor a leader? He replied,
Then keep away from all of those sects, even if you have
to bite on to the roots of a tree until death reaches you and
you are in that state. (a Muslim,Vol. 3 pgs. 1475 & 1476
adth #18).
Hudhayfah (RA) asked this for our sake.
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70
1.
FIQHL-TRKH
Notes
What important qualities did udhayfah possess?
2. What do you get from this adth that will be useful today?
3. How could udhayfahs example be of benet to the Muslim

world?
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Suggestions
for Further Reading
1. Abdul Wahid Hamid, Companions of the Prophet, MELS, London 1985.
2. Aisha Bewley, Muslim Women, A Biographical Dictionary, Ta-Ha Publishers, London,2004.
3. Muhammad Ibn Sad, The Women of Madina, Ta-Ha Publishers, London, 1995.
4. Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Al-Muhaddithat: the women scholars of Islam, Interface
Publications, London, 2007.
5. Muhammad Mojlum Khan, The Muslim 100, Kube Publishing Ltd, Leicestershire, UK, 2008.
6. Khalid Muhammad Khalid, Rijl awlal-Rasl, Dar-ul Fikr, Beirut.
7. Ibn Al-Jawzi, ifatl-afwah, Dar-ul-Waee, Halab, 1969.
8. Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Al-Sratl-Nabawiyyah Daw al-Madir al-Aliyyah, Matba al-Malik
Faisal, Riyadh, 1992.
9.
Abdullah Naseef, Muhammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam), Encyclopedia of Seerah, The
Muslim Schools Trust, London, 1982.

Ibn Hishm, Al-Srah al-Nabawiyyah.
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10.
My Mini Gemboard
* To get you started:
The cause of pain is rarely

the source of pain. Although Allh taala may
punish a nation, Allh taala is NOT the source of
the pain. Their actions are the source. So instead
of whining about God, they should look into their
hearts and deeds and wipe out the source.
- cool quotes by ustadh
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My Classmates
NAME
EMAIL
PHONE
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IN THE

Shaykh abdullah hakim Quick

TAUGHT BY SHAYKH ABDULLAH HAKIM QUICK, PHD

instructors train of thought.

break time. After that you may come up to him and

seats when class begins so as not to disturb others by

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

All students must take the

All exams will be taken online

Most of what was said in class is only in the

CANT MAKE THE EXAM?

HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE EXAM

5. Sleep and eat well before the exam.

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

The Importance of the History of

The Custodian of the Ummah

The Master of al-Qurn

The First Ambassador of Islam

The Knight of the Prophet (allallhu

The First Translator of the Meaning of

The Host of the Prophet (allallhu

The Wise man of this Ummah

Female Shadows in the Sun

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

The Second Mother of the Prophet

The Hidden Advisor of the Messenger of

The Representative of the Women of

Decisive Actions in the Shadows

The Keeper of the Secrets of Allhs

Suggestions for Further Reading

My Mini Gem Board

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

Photo Credit: Seier Seier, Flickr.com

(allallhu alayhi wa sallam)

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

Many critics consider the study of History to be an exercise in futility or a

Almighty Allh tells us in Srah Ysuf verse 111:

In their histories, there is certainly a

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

In Sratl-Arf verse 176, Allh states,

The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) described them as the ideal

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

10 people promised Paradise:

Umar ibn Khattab

Talha ibn Obaidullah

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

Photo Credit: NASA Goddard Photo & Video, Flickr.com

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

II. THE CUSTODIAN OF THE UMMAH

Bought into Islam by Abu Bakr.

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

II. THE CUSTODIAN OF THE UMMAH

The Prophet (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) selected Abu Ubaydah to judge

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

II. THE CUSTODIAN OF THE UMMAH

The Prophet Muammad (allallhu alayhi wa sallam) was reported to have

THE LIVING LEGACY OF THE SAHABAH

What are some of the unique qualities of Abu Ubaydah?

2. What quality stands out over the rest?

3. Who was Abdullh b. al-Jarr and what was the