Exercise 8.

3 (Solutions)

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Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

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Binomial Theorem when n is negative or fraction:

When n is negative or fraction and x < 1 then
n (n 1) 2 n (n 1)(n 2) 3
x +
x + ......................
(1 + x) n = 1 + n x +
2!
3!
Where the general term of binomial expansion is
n (n 1)(n 2).............( n (r 1) ) r
Tr +1 =
x
r!
Question # 1 (i)
1 1
1 1 1

1
1 2

1
2 2
2 2 2
( x )3 + ......................
(1 x) = 1 + ( x) +
( x) 2 +
2
2!
3!
1 1
1 1 3

1
2 2 2 2 2 2
x +
( x 3 ) + ......................
=1 x +
2
2
3 2
1
1
1
= 1 x x 2 x3 + ......................
2
8
16
1
2

Question # 1 (ii) and (iii)

Do yourself as above

Question # 1 (iv)
1

3x 2
3x 2
3x 2
(4 3 x) = 4 1 = (4) 2 1 = 2 1
4
4
4

1
2

1 1
1 1 1

1 3 x 2 2 1 3 x 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 x 3

= 2 1 + +
+
+
......................

2
4
2!
4
3!
4

1 1
1 1 3

3x 2 2 9 x 2 2 2 2 27 x 3

= 2 1
+

+ ......................
8
2 16
3 2

64

3 x 1 9 x 2 1 27 x 3

= 2 1

+
......................

8 8 16 16 64

3 x 9 x 2 27 x3

= 2 1

+ ......................
8 128 1024

3 x 9 x 2 27 x 3
=2

+ ......................
4
64 512
Question # 1 (v)
1

1 x
2x
(8 2 x ) = (8) 1 = 1
8
8 4

1
2

Question # 1 (vi)
Do yourself

Now do yourself

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 2

Question # 1 (vii)
(1 x)1
= (1 x)1 (1 + x )2
2
(1 + x)
(1)(1 1)
(1)(1 1)(1 2)

= 1 + (1)( x ) +
( x) 2 +
( x)3 + ...................
2!
3!

(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3

1 + (2)( x ) +
( x) +
( x) + ...................
2!
3!

(1)(2) 2 (1)(2)(3)

= 1 + x +
(x ) +
( x 3 ) + ...................
2
3 2

(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3

1 2 x +
( x) +
( x) + ...................
2
3 2

= (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ...................) (1 2 x + 3 x 2 4 x 3 + ...................)

= 1 + ( x 2 x) + ( x 2 2 x 2 + 3x 2 ) + ( x 3 2 x3 + 3x3 4 x3 )...................
= 1 x + 2 x 2 2 x3 + ...................
Question # 1 (viii)
Do yourself as above
Question # 1 (ix)
1

1
1
(4 + 2 x) 2
2 x 2 1
x
1
2
2
= (4 + 2 x) (2 x) = (4) 1 +
(2) 1
2x
4

2
1

x 2 1
x
x 2

= (4) 1 + (2) 1 = 2 1 +
2
2
2
1
2

1
x
x 2
x

=
1
+
1

2 2
2 2

x 2
x

= 1 + 1
2 2
11
11

1 2

1
2
3

1 x

x
x
= 1 + + 2 2 + 2 2 2 + ......................
2! 2
3!
2
2 2

2
3

x (1)(1 1) x (1)(1 1)(1 2) x

1 + (1) +
+
+ ...................

2!
3!
2
2
2

1 1
1 1 3

2
3

x
x
= 1 + + 2 2 + 2 2 2 + ......................
2 4
3 2
8
4

x (1)(2) x 2 (1)(2)(3) x3
1 + +
+
+ ...................
2
3 2
4
8
2

x x 2 x3
x x 2 x3
= 1 +
+
+ ...................... 1 + + + + ...................
4 32 128
2 4 8

2
x 2 x 2 x3
x 3 x3 x 3
x x x
=1+ + + + + +

+ + + ...................
4 128 64 16 8
4 2 32 8
3 x 11x 2 23 x 3
=1+
+
+
+ ...................
4
32
128

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org ), http://www.mathcity.org

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 3

Question # 1 (x)
1

(1 + x 2 x2 ) 2 = (1 + ( x 2x 2 ) ) 2
11

1 1

1
1
1 2

1
= 1 + ( x 2 x 2 ) + 2 2 ( x 2 x 2 )2 + 2 2 2 ( x 2 x 2 )3 + ................
2
2!
3!
1 1

1
2 2 2
2
= 1 + (x 2x ) +
( x 4 x3 + 4 x 4 )
2
2
1 1 3

2 2 2 3
+
x + 3( x )2 (2 x 2 ) + 3( x )(2 x 2 )2 (2 x 2 )3 ) + ................
(
3 2
1
1
1
= 1 + ( x 2 x 2 ) ( x 2 4 x 3 + 4 x 4 ) + ( x3 6 x 4 + 12 x5 8 x 6 ) + ..................
2
8
16
1
2
1
4
4
1
6
12
8
= 1 + x x 2 x 2 x 3 + x 4 + x 3 x 4 + x 5 x 6 + ..................
2
2
8
8
8
16
16
16
16
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
= 1 + x x 2 x 2 x 3 + x 4 + x 3 x 4 + x5 x 6 + ..................
2
8
2
2
16
8
4
8
1
9
9
= 1 + x x 2 x 3 + ..................
2
8
16

Question # 1 (xi)

Do yourself as above

Question # 2 (i)
1
2

99 = ( 99 ) = (100 1)

1
2

1 2

= (100) 1

100
1
2

11

1 1 2 2 1 1 2

= 10 1 +
+

+
....................

2! 100
2 100

1 1

1
1
= 10 1
+ 2 2
+ ...............
2 10000
200

= 10 1 0.005 ( 0.0001) + ...............

8

= 10 (1 0.005 0.0000125 + ...............)

10 ( 0.9949875) = 9.949875
9.950

Question # 2 (ii)
1

( 0.98) 2 = (1 0.02 ) 2

Now do yourself

Question # 2 (iii)
1

(1.03) 3 = (1 + 0.03) 3

Now do yourself

Question # 2 (iv)
3

65 = ( 65 )

1
3

1 3

= ( 64 1) = (64) 1
64
1
3

1
3

Now do yourself

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 4

Question # 2 (v)
4

1
4

17 = (17 ) = (16 1)

1
4

1 4

= (16) 1
16
1
4

Now do yourself

Question # 2 (vi)
1

1 5

5
31 = ( 31) = ( 32 1) = (32) 1
32
1
5

1
5

1
5

Now do yourself

Question # 2 (vii)
1
1
1
1
1
2

3 1
3
3
=
1000
=
=
998
=
1000

2
(
)
(
)
(
)
1

3
998 ( 998 ) 3
1000

= (10

1
3 3

500

1
3

1
3

1 1

1
1 1 1
3 3
= 1 +
+

+
....................

2!
10 3 500
500

1 4

1
1
1
3 3
= 1 +
+
+
....................

2
10 1500
250000

2
1

= 1 + ( 0.0006667 ) + ( 0.000004 ) + ....................

9
10

1
= (1 + 0.0006667 + 0.00000089 + ....................)
10
1
(1.00066759 ) = 0.100066759 0.100 Answer
10

Question # 2 ( viii)
5

1
1
=
1 = ( 252 )
252 ( 252 ) 5
1
5 5

= (3

1 +
27

= ( 243 + 9 )

1
5

= ( 243) 1 +

243
1

Now do yourself as above

Question # 2 (ix)
1

7
7 7 2 1 2
=
= = 1
8 8 8
8
11

1
2

1 1 2 2 1
=1+ +
+ ....................
2 8
2! 8
1 1

1 2 2 1
=1 +
+ ....................
16
2 64
1 1 1
= 1 + ....................
16 8 64

1
5

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 5

1
1

+ ....................
16 512
= 1 0.0625 0.00195 + ....................
0.93555 0.936 Answer
=1

Question # 2 (x)
(0.998)

1
3

= (1 0.002)

1
3

Now do yourself as above

Question # 2 (xi)
1
1
1
243
1
1

6 1
6
6
=
729
=
=
486
=
729

243
(
)
(
)
(
)
1

6
486 ( 486 ) 6
729
1
6 6

= (3

1
1
3

1
6

1
6

Now do yourself

Question # 2 (xii)
1

1
16 4
1 4

4 4
(1280) = (1296 16) = (1296 ) 1
=
6
1

(
)

1296
81
Now do yourself
1
4

1
4

1
4

Question # 3 (i)
(1 + x 2 ) = 1 + x2 (1 + x )2
( )
2
(1 + x )
(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3

= 1 + x 2 1 + (2)( x ) +
( x) +
( x) + ...................
2!
3!

(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3

= 1 + x 2 1 2 x +
( x) +
( x) + ...................
2
3 2

( )
= (1 + x )(1 2 x + 3 x 4 x + ...................)
= (1 + x )(1 + (1)2 x + (1) 3 x + (1) 4 x + ...................)
2

Following in this way we can write

(1 + x2 ) = 1 + x 2 (1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 + (1)3 4 x3 + .............. + (1)n2 (n 1) x n2 +
( )
2
(1 + x )

(1)n 1 (n) x n 1 + (1) n (n + 1) x n + ................)

So taking only terms involving x n we get
(1)n (n + 1) x n + (1) n2 (n 1) x n

= (1)n (n + 1) x n + (1)n (1) 2 (n 1) x n

= (1)n (n + 1) x n + (1)n (n 1) x n
= (n + 1 + n 1)(1)n x n = (2n)(1)n x n
Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is (2n)(1)n

Q (1) 2 = 1

Question # 3 (ii)
Hint:
After solving you will get
(1 + x2 ) = 1 + x 2 (1 + 2 x + 3x2 + 4 x3 + ............ + (n 1) x n2 + (n) x n1 + (n + 1) x n + ..............)
( )
2
(1 x )
Do yourself as above
Made by: Atiq ur Rehman ( atiq@mathcity.org ) , http://www.mathcity.org

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 6

Question # 3 (iii)
(1 + x )3
= (1 + x)3 (1 x) 2
2
(1 x)
(2)(2 1)
(2)(2 1)(2 2)
3

= (1 + x ) 1 + (2)( x) +
( x )2 +
( x )3 + ...................
2!
3!

(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4)
3

= (1 + x ) 1 + 2 x +
( x) +
( x 3 ) + ...................
2
32

= (1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 )(1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x 3 + ...................)

Following in this way we can write

(1 + x)3
= 1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 (1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x3 + ............ + (n 2) x n3 + (n 1) x n2
2
(1 x)
+(n) x n 1 + (n + 1) x n + ..............)
So taking only terms involving x n we have term
(n + 1) x n + 3(n) x n + 3(n 1) x n + (n 2) x n

= ( (n + 1) + 3(n) + 3(n 1) + (n 2) ) x n
= ( n + 1 + 3n + 3n 3 + n 2 ) x n
= ( 8n 4 ) x n

Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is (8n 4 ) .

Question # 3 (iv)
2
(1 + x ) = 1 + x 2 1 x 3
( )( )
3
(1 x )
(3)(3 1)
(3)(3 1)(3 2)
2

= (1 + x ) 1 + (3)( x) +
( x) 2 +
( x)3 + ...................
2!
3!

(3)(4)
(3)(4)(5)
2

= (1 + x ) 1 + (3)( x ) +
( x) 2 +
( x)3 + ...................
2
3 2

(3)(4) 2
(4)(5) 3

= 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 + 3x +
(x ) +
( x ) + ...................
2
2

(3)(4) 2 (4)(5) 3
(2)(3)

= 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 +
x+
x +
x + ...................
2
2
2

Following in this way we can write

2
(1 + x ) = 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 + (2)(3) x + (3)(4) x2 + (4)(5) x3 + ..................
(
)
3
2
2
2
(1 x )

(n 1)(n) n2 (n)(n + 1) n1 (n + 1)(n + 2) n

x +
x +
x + .......
2
2
2

n
So taking only terms involving x we have term
(n + 1)(n + 2) n
(n)(n + 1) n (n 1)(n) n
x +2
x +
x
2
2
2
xn
= ( (n + 1)(n + 2) + 2(n)(n + 1) + (n 1)(n) )
2
n
x
= ( n 2 + n + 2n + 2 + 2n 2 + 2n + n 2 n )
2
n
x
xn
2
2
= ( 4n + 4n + 2 )
= 2 ( 2n + 2n + 1)
2
2
2
n
= ( 2n + 2n + 1) x
Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is ( 2n 2 + 2n + 1) .
+

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 7

Question # 3 (v)
Since we know that
(1 + x) 1 = 1 x + x 2 x 3 + ...............
Therefore

(1 x + x

) (
2

x3 + ............. = (1 + x )1

= (1 + x )

(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3

( x) +
( x ) + ...................
2!
3!
(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3
= 1 2x +
( x) +
( x) + ...................
2
3 2
= 1 2 x + 3 x 2 4 x 3 + ...................
= 1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 (1)3 4 x 3 + ...................
= 1 + (2)( x) +

Following in this way we can write

= 1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 (1)3 4 x 3 + ................... + (1)n (n + 1) x n + .........
So the term involving x n = (1)n (n + 1) x n
And hence coefficient of term involving x n is (1)n (n + 1)
Question # 4 (i)
1
1
1
1 x
1 x
2
L.H.S =
=
= (1 x) 2
1 = (1 x )
1 x (1 x ) 2
1
= 1 + ( x ) + squares and higher power of x.
2
1
= 1 x = R.H.S Proved
2
Question # 4 (ii)
1
1
1 + 2x

2
Since
= (1 + 2 x ) (1 x ) 2
1 x
1
1
Now (1 + 2 x ) 2 = 1 + (2 x) + squares and higher power of x.
2
1+ x
1

1
Now (1 x ) 2 = 1 + ( x) + squares and higher power of x.
2
1
1+ x
2
1 + 2x
1
(1 + x ) 1 + x
1 x
2
1
=1+ x + x
ignoring term involving x 2 .
2
3
= 1 + x Proved.
2
Question # 4 (iii)
1

1
1
(9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3x ) 4
= (9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3 x) 4
4 + 5x
1

7x 2
Now (9 + 7 x ) = 9 1 +

1
2

1
2

( 4 + 5x )

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 8
1

1 7 x
= (32 ) 2 1 + + squres and higher of x.
2 9

7x
7x
7x
3 1 +
= 3 + 3 = 3 +
6
18
18

1
(16 + 3 x) 4

( 4 + 5x )

3x 4
= (16) 1 +
16
1

1 3 x
= (2 4 ) 4 1 + + square and higher power of x
4 16

3x
3x
3x
(2) 1 + = 2 + 2 = 2 +
32
64
64
1
4

5
= 4 1 + x
4
1

5
= 1 + ( 1) x + squares and higher power of x
4
4

1 5
1 5
1 x = x
4 16
4 4
1

So

(9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3 x) 4
7x
3x 1 5
3 +
2 + x
4 + 5x
6
32 4 16

3 x 1 5 103 1 5
7x
= 3 +
2 x = 1+
x x
6
32 4 16
96 4 16

1 103
5
1 17
= +
x x =
x Proved
4 384
16
4 384

Question # 4 (iv)

Do yourself

Question # 4 (v)

(1 + x ) 2 ( 4 3x ) 2 = 1 + x 12 4 3x 32 8 + 5 x 13
( ) (
) (
)
1
3
(8 + 5 x )
1

1
1
Now (1 + x ) 2 = 1 + ( x) + square and higher power of x
2
1
1+ x
2
3

( 4 3x )

3
2

3 2
= 4 1 x
4
3
3 3

= 2 2 2 1 + x + square and higher power of x

2 4

9
3
9
( 2 ) 1 x = 8 1 x
8
8
3
2

( )

(8 + 5 x )

1
3

5 3
= ( 8) 1 + x
8
1

1 5
= 23 3 1 + x + square and higher power of x
3 8

5
1
5

(2) 1 1
x = 1
x
2 24
24
1
3

( )

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 9

(1 + x ) 2 ( 4 3x ) 2
1

So

(8 + 5x )

5
1 9 1
1 + x 8 1 x 1
x
2 8 2 24

1
3

8 1 9
5
= 1 + x 1 x
x
2 2 8
24
4
1 4
1
5
= 4 1 + x 1 x = 4 1 + x x = 4 1 x Proved
3
2 3
2
6
Question # 4 (vi)
Do yourself as above
Question # 4 (vii)
Same as Question #4 (iii)
Question # 5 (i)
1 x 2 x 2 = (1 ( x + 2 x 2 ) ) 2
1

1 1 1
2
1
2
= 1 + ( x + 2 x ) + 2 2
( x + 2 x 2 ) + cube & higher power of x.
2!
2
1 1
1
2
1 ( x + 2 x ) + 2 2 ( x + 2 x2 )2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 x (2 x 2 ) x 2 = 1 x x 2 x 2
2
2
8
2
8
1
9
= 1 x x2
Proved
2
8

( )

Question # 5 (ii)
1

1
1

1 + x (1 + x ) 2
2
2
=
1 = (1 + x ) (1 x )
1 x (1 x) 2

Now

1 1 1
1
(1 + x) = 1 + x + 2 2
x 2 + cube & higher power of x.
2!
2
1 1
1
1
1
1 + x + 2 2 x2 = 1 + x x2
2
2
2
8
1
12 12 1

1
2
(1 x) = 1 + ( x) +
( x)2 + cube & higher power of x.
2!
2
1
2

( )

( )(

( )( )

12 32 2
1
1
3
1+ x +
x = 1 + x + x2
2
2
2
8
So
1+ x 1
1 1
3
= 1 + x x 2 1 + x + x 2
1 x 2
8 2
8
1
1
1
1
3
1
= 1 + x x2 + x + x 2 + x 2 = 1 + x + x 2
2
8
2
4
8
2

Proved

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org )

http://www.mathcity.org

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 10

Question # 6
Since x is nearly equal to 1 so suppose x = 1 + h ,
where h is so small that its square and higher powers be neglected
L.H.S = px p qx q
= p(1 + h) p q(1 + h) q
= p (1 + ph + square & higher power of x)
q (1 + qh + square & higher power of h)
= p (1 + ph) q (1 + qh)

= p + p 2 h q q 2 h .. (i)
Now R.H.S = ( p q) x p + q
= ( p q)(1 + h) p + q
= ( p q) (1 + ( p + q)h + square & higher power of h )
= ( p q) (1 + ( p + q)h ) = ( p q) (1 + ph + qh )
= p + p 2 h + pqh q pqh q 2 h
= p + p 2 h q q 2 h .. (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S
Proved
Question # 7
Since p q is small when compare
Therefore let p q = h p = q + h
(2n + 1)(q + h ) + (2n 1)q
(2n + 1) p + (2n 1)q
=
L.H.S =
(2n 1)(q + h) + (2n + 1)q
(2n 1) p + (2n + 1)q
2nq + q + 2nh + h + 2nq q
4nq + 2nh + h
=
=
2nq q + 2nh h + 2nq + q
4 nq + 2 nh h
4nq + 2nh + h
4nq + 2nh + h 2nh h
=
=
1 + 4nq
2nh h
4nq

4nq 1 +

4nq

2nh h
4nq + 2nh + h
+ square & higher power of x 2
1 + (1)

4nq
4nq

4nq + 2nh + h 2nh h

4nq + 2nh + h 4nq 2nh + h
=
1
=

4nq
4nq
4nq
4nq

16n 2 q 2 + 8n 2 hq + 4nhq 8n 2 hq + 4nhq

=
16n 2 q 2
16n 2 q 2 + 8nhq
16n 2 q 2
8nhq
=
=
+
2 2
2 2
16n q 16 n 2 q 2
16n q
h
.. (ii)
=1+
2nq
1

p + q n q + h + q n
Now R.H.S =
= 2q
2
q

2q + h n 2 q h n
h n
=
+
=
= 1 + 2q
2q 2 q 2q

1 h
= 1 + + square & higher power of h .
n 2q

ignoring squares of h

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 11

=1+

h
.. (ii)
2nq

Form (i) and (ii)

L.H.S = R.H.S

Proved

Question # 8
Since n and N are nearly equal therefore consider N = n + h ,
where h is so small that its squares and higher power be neglected.
1
2

n
n
=
L.H.S =

2(n + N ) 2(n + n + h)
1

2 2(2n + h )
n
=
=

2(2
n
+
h
)
n

1
2

1
2

1
2

4n + 2h
=

1
2

2h

=4+

1
2

1
2

h
2h

2
= (4) 1 +
= (2 ) 1 +

4n
2n
1 h

= (2) 1 1 + + square & higher power of h

2 2n

1 h
1
h
= 1
=

.. (i)

2 8n
2 4n
8n
n+ N
Now R.H.S =

9n N
4n
8n
n+n+h
8n
n + ( n + h)
=

9n n h
4n
9n ( n + h)
4n

1
2

1
2

8n
2n + h
8n
2n + h
h
2n + h
=

= 1
8n h
4n
4n
4n
8n
8n 1 h
8n

2n h
h
= 1 + (1) + square & higher power of h
+

8n

4n 4n
h 1 h
h 1 h

= 1 + +

=1+
8n 2 4n
8n 2 4n
1 h
=
.. (ii)
2 8n
From (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S
Proved

Question # 9 (i)
2
3
1 1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
1 +

+ .......................
2 4 2! 4 4
3! 8 4
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx +
x + ...............................
2!
1 1
This implies
nx = . (i)
2 4
2
n(n 1) 2 1 3 1
x =
. (ii)
2!
2! 4 4
From (i)

nx =

1
1
x=
(iii)
8
8n

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 12

Putting value of x in (ii)

2
2
n(n 1) 1
1 3 1
=

2! 8n 2! 4 4
n(n 1) 1
3 1

2
2 64n 2 4 16
(n 1)
3
3

=
(n 1) =
128n n 1 = 3 n
128n 128
128
1
n 3n = 1 2n = 1 n =
2
Putting value of n in equation (iii)
1
1
x=
x=
4
8 1
2
So

( )

1
(1 + x) n = 1 +
4

1
2

Question # 9 (ii)

5
=
4

1
2

4
4 2
= =
5
5

Do yourself as above

Question # 9 (iii)
3 35 357
1+ +
+
+ .......................
4 4 8 4 8 12
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx +
x + ...............................
2!
3
nx = . (i)
This implies
4
n(n 1) 2 3 5
x =
. (ii)
2!
4 8
3
3
From (i)
nx =
x=
(iii)
4
4n
Putting value of x in (ii)
2
n(n 1) 3 3 5
=
2! 4n 4 8
n (n 1) 9 15

=
2 16 n 2 32
9(n 1) 15
15

=
9(n 1) = 32 n
32 n
32
32

9n 15n = 9

6n = 9 n =

9n 9 = 15 n

9
6

n=

3
2

Putting value of n in equation (iii)

3
1
x=
x=
2
4 3
2

( )

1
So (1 + x) = 1
2
n

Question # 9 (iv)

3
2

1
=
2

3
2

3
2

= ( 2) =

( 2)

=2 2

Do yourself as above

Answer

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 13

Question # 10
1 1 3 1 3 5
1+ +
+
+ .......................
4 4 8 4 8 12
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx +
x + ...............................
2!
This implies
1
nx = . (i)
4
n(n 1) 2 1 3
x =
. (ii)
2!
4 8
1
1
From (i)
nx =
x=
(iii)
4
4n
Putting value of x in (ii)
2
n(n 1) 1 1 3
=
2! 4n 4 8
n (n 1) 1 3

=
2 16 n 2 32
(n 1) 3
3

=
(n 1) = 32 n
32 n
32
32

n 3n = 1 2n = 1

n=

Putting value of n in equation (iii)

1
x=

4 1
2

( )

x=

n 1 = 3n
1
2
1
2

1
1 2 1 2
So (1 + x) n = 1 = = ( 2 ) 2 = 2
2
2
1 1 3 1 3 5
Hence
1+ +
+
+ ....................... = 2
4 4 8 4 8 12

Question # 11
2
3
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
y= +
+
+ .......................
3 2! 3
3! 3
Adding 1 on both sides
2
3
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
1+ y =1+ +
+
+ .......................
3 2! 3
3! 3
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx +
x + ...............................
2!
This implies
1
nx = . (i)
3
2
n(n 1) 2 1 3 1
x =
. (ii)
2!
2! 3
1
1
From (i)
nx =
x=
(iii)
3
3n

Proved

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 14

Putting value of x in (ii)

2
2
n(n 1) 1 1 3 1
=

2! 3n
2! 3
n(n 1) 1 3 1

=
2 9 n2 2 9
(n 1) 1
1

=
(n 1) = 18 n
18 n
6
6
n 3n = 1 2n = 1 n =

n 1 = 3n
1
2

Putting value of n in equation (iii)

1
2
x=
x=
3
3 1
2

( )

2
So (1 + x) = 1
3
This implies
1+ y = 3
On squaring both sides
n

(1 + y ) =
2

1
2

1
=
3

1
2

= ( 3)

1
2

= 3

( )

1 + 2 y + y2 = 3 1 + 2 y + y2 3 = 0
y 2 + 2 y 2 = 0 Proved
Question # 12
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
2y = 2 +
+
+ .......................
2
2! 24
3! 26
Adding 1 on both sides
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
1+ 2y =1+ 2 +
+
+ .......................
2
2! 24
3! 26
Comparing above series with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx +
x + ...............................
2!
1
1
After solving as above you will get n = and x = , so
2
2

1
2

1
1
(1 + x) n = 1 =
2
2
This implies
1+ 2y = 2
On squaring both sides

(1 + 2 y )

( 2)

1 + 4 y + 4 y2 = 4
4 y2 + 4 y 1 = 0

1
2

= ( 2) 2 = 2

1 + 4 y + 4 y2 2 = 0
Proved

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org ), http://www.mathcity.org