INTRODUCTION

The present study demonstrated to study the initial rate and activation energy for
iodine clock. The presence of thiosulphate ions, S 2O32- as a delaying agent involves the
reaction of the oxidation of iodine ions by peroxydisulphate ions. The iodine clock reaction
was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt 1 mainly used to demonstrate the kinetics in
chemistry. The basis of it mechanism is the clear solution of known concentration were
mixed together and the solutions will suddenly turned to yellow after a delay time. Thus, the
time taken for the colour changed was measured and the reaction rate can be determined by
taking the reciprocals of measured time.
However, there was several factors influence the reaction rate of as substance.
According to the collision theory these factors include concentration of reactants which are
peroxydisulphate and iodine ions. If the concentration of iodine is higher than
peroxydisulphate , the concentration of iodine will hardly change during the experiment. The
reaction rate appears as only depends on concentration of peroxydisulphate ions. The rate
law is written as:

Hence, the rate constant k can be calculated. Consider the iodine concentration is in excess.
Suppose that the initial concentration of S2O82- is ao and that by time

has fallen to a.

Integration of the equation leads to:

It is expected that the reaction occurs more quickly in the presence of greater
concentration of reactants. However, the reaction would take place too quickly if delaying
mechanism is not introduced into the system. Such as, Sodium thiosulphate solution is
added to formed thiosulphate ions to the system.

Activation energy stated that the energy level of reactant molecules must overcome
before a reaction can occur either in endothermic reaction or exothermic reaction. In an
endothermic reaction which the change in enthalpy between the products and the reactants
is positive, there must be an extra input of energy above the energy level of the products in
order for a reaction occur. Even in an exothermic reaction in which the change in enthalpy
between the products and the reactants is negative, there must be an input of energy to start
the reaction. However, the activation energy is related to the rate constant by the Arrhenius
equation. The rate constant (k) for any reaction varies with absolute temperature (T)
according to Arrhenius equation:

Where E is activation energy of reaction R is molar gas constant which is 8.314 J/K.mol and
A is known as the A-factor which related to the frequency of collision between the reacting
molecules.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of the temperature in
activation energy and initial rate of iodine clock. This experiment was divided into two parts
which A and B. In part A and B five test tubes were obtained and labelled as 30 oC, 40oC,
50oC, 60oC and 70oC. Then, for part A each of the test tubes was pipette with 5mL of 0.05 M
sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and 10mL of 0.2 M potassium iodide (KI). However, in part B
each of the test tubes was pipette with 10mL of 0.1 M potassium peroxydisulphate (K 2S2O8)
and 5 drops of iodine indicator. Next, the test tubes were dipped into the water bath with
different temperature by 3 minutes time intervals and the solution in test tube of part A was
transferred into the solution of part B and mixed. Thus, observed the changes of the solution
from colourless turn to yellow and recorded the time taken of the reaction changes. The
changes of the solution were observed based on different temperature and different time. is
can be concluded that, the higher the temperature the shortest time taken for the reaction
changes colour from colourless turn to dark yellow. As the result showed, the longest time
taken of colourless turn to dark yellow which is at 30 oC (201 second) while, the shortest of
the reaction is at 70oC which is (27 second).
However, there might some possible errors obtained during the experiment such as
the equipment used was not cleaned properly before used and most common factors is the
eyes of the observer was not on the level of meniscus that will cause parallax error. This
error can be overcome by taking precaution steps. So, the accurate results can be obtained.