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Materials used: Ordinary Portland cement, fine aggregates (sand), coarse aggregates (gravel)
of maximum size not more than 38 mm, clean water.
Theory: A slump test is a method used to determine the workability of concrete. The
workability, sometimes described in terms of stiffness, generally indicates how much water
has been used in the mix. The test allows construction crews to get a good sense of how the
mixed product will perform in a variety of settings, and also gives them the opportunity to
add ingredients like cement, aggregates or water in order to get the right balance. Different
projects have different specifications when it comes to concrete stiffness, and testing the
results is usually a lot more accurate than simply following prepared instructions or making
informed guesses.
Slump test is the simplest among all tests for finding workability of concrete. It gives the
subsidence value for the fresh concrete after removal of the mould in which the concrete is
filled and compacted, which determines its workability. There are various factors which
affect the workability of concrete which include water content, concrete mix, shape and size
of the aggregates, grading of aggregates, texture of aggregates and atmospheric conditions.
Precautions:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
The cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water used in preparing the
concrete mix should comply with the IS codes.
The mix should immediately be filled in the mould after preparation.
Proper oiling should be applied on the inside surface of the mould to avoid friction.
Use hand gloves and shoes while testing.
The apparatus should remain free from vibrations during the test.
The measurement of subsidence/slump value should be taken with care.
Procedures:
1. First of all, keep all the materials required for tests in a dry and clean area and
maintain the temperature of room at 27 3C and humidity at 65 5%.
2. Before performing the experiment, clean the apparatus thoroughly, free it from
superfluous moisture and apply oil on the inner face of the test mould.
3. Now, weigh accurately 5 kg cement, 5 kg sand and 10 kg gravel in proportion 1:1:2
and mix them thoroughly in the dry condition, either manually or using concrete
mixer.
4. For obtaining mi, add water to the dry mix. The amount of water is based on W/C
ratio for the concrete mix, that can be taken as 0.45 (higher W/C ratio makes concrete
more workable) depending upon the required workability. The mix obtain is usually
called nominal mix of M25 grade.
5. The mould will then be placed on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent
surface, such as a levelled rigid plate or floor. It should be held firmly in place during
filling by operator while standing on the foot pieces provided in the slump cone
shown in the figure 1 below.
Figure: Schematic diagram showing workability of fresh concrete mix using slump test.
6. The mould is then filled with concrete mix in 3 layers, each layer being tamped 25
times using tamping rod uniformly over the entire section, shown from figure 1-3.
7. Remove the extra concrete and level it with the top of the cone using trowel and clean
the mould from outside, shown in figure 4.
8. Now, lift the test mould upward slowly, without disturbing the concrete configuration.
This will allow the concrete to subside, shown in figure 5.
9. Turn the mould upside down and measure the subsided height of the concrete as
shown in figure 6. The slump of the concrete is the subsidence, i.e. the difference in
height of the original test specimen and height of specimen after subsidence.
10. Repeat entire procedure further 2 times, for increased value of W/C ratio i.e. 0.5, 0.55.
Observation table:
1) Weight of the cement = 5 kg
Weight of the sand
= 5kg
Weight of the gravel
= 10kg
2) Weight of the cement = 6 kg
Weight of the sand
= 6 kg
Weight of the gravel
= 12 kg
3) Weight of the cement = 5 kg
Weight of the sand
= 5 kg
Weight of the gravel
= 10 kg
S.No.
W/C
ratio
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.
2.
3.
Slump value
S = (X - Y )
80
120
210
Results:
The slump value of the sample of fresh concrete with W/C ratio as 0.45, 0.50 & 0.55 are
found experimentally as 80 mm, 120 mm, and 210 mm respectively.
Hurdles in performing experiment:
1. It was difficult to obtain a uniform gradation of aggregates with much of aggregates
conforming to the same size.
2. It was difficult to obtain concrete mix of uniform workability using concrete mixer.
3. The method of compaction was not accurate, as stokes are not applied evenly with the
same impact.
4. Measurement of slump was difficult, with upper and lower limit.
Detailed discussions and conclusions:
Figure: Various stages of slump for different w/c ratio in the slump test apparatus.
S.No.
Type of Concrete
Slump Value
1.
Mass concrete
20-50 mm
2.
20-40 mm
3.
80-150 mm
4.
40-50 mm
References:
1. Indian Standard IS : 1199- 1959( Reaffirmed 1991), Methods of Sampling and Analysis of
Concrete
2. Indian Standard IS : 7320- 1974( Reaffirmed 1991), Specifications for Concrete Slump test
Apparatus
3. Indian Standard IS : 456- 2000 Plain And Reinforced Concrete - Code Of Practice
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