Title

Your name

A Proposal Submitted to Department of Clinical Pharmacy Presented in Partial Fulfilment for

Bachelor Degree of Pharmacy (B. Pharm)

Advisor: Tesfay Mehari (M. Pharm)

Mekelle University
Mekelle, Ethiopia
December 2016

Abstract
Background
Objective
Method
Expected Outcomes
Keywords:

Table of Contents

Abstract............................................................................................................ ii
List of Abbreviations............................................................................................ v
List of Tables.................................................................................................... vi
List of Figures.................................................................................................. vii
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1

1.

1.1.

Background.......................................................................................... 1

1.2.

Statement of the Problem..........................................................................1

1.3.

Significance of the Study..........................................................................1

1.4.

Conceptual Framework............................................................................ 1

2.

LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 2

3.

OBJECTIVE............................................................................................... 3
3.1.

General Objective................................................................................... 3

3.2.

Specific Objectives................................................................................. 3

METHODOLOGY....................................................................................... 4

4.

4.1.

Study Setting......................................................................................... 4

4.2.

Study Design and Period..........................................................................4

4.3.

Source and Study Population.....................................................................4

4.4.

Sample Size Determination and Sampling Technique.......................................4

4.5.

Patient Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.......................................................4

4.6.

Study Variables...................................................................................... 4

4.7.

Data Collection Procedures.......................................................................4

4.7.1.

Instruments..................................................................................... 4

4.7.2.

Recruitment of research participants.....................................................4

4.7.3.

Recruitment and training of data collectors.............................................4

4.7.4.

Data quality control..........................................................................4

4.8.

Data Analysis........................................................................................ 4

4.9.

Ethical Considerations............................................................................. 4

4.10.

Operational Definitions.........................................................................4

5.

RESULTS................................................................................................... 5

6.

DISCUSSIONS............................................................................................ 5

7.

CONCLUSION............................................................................................ 5

8.

RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................. 5

9.

REFFERENCES.......................................................................................... 6

10.

ANNEXES.............................................................................................. 8

List of Abbreviations

List of Tables

List of Figures
Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study..................................................................4

1. INTRODUCTION
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1.1. Background
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Significance of the Study
1.4. Conceptual Framework

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. OBJECTIVE
3.1. General Objective
3.2. Specific Objectives

4. METHODOLOGY
4.1. Study Setting
4.2. Study Design and Period
4.3. Source and Study Population
4.4. Sample Size Determination and Sampling Technique
4.5. Patient Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Those eligible patients will be selected based on the following criteria

Exclusion Criteria: Those patients who will be excluded from the study are
4.6. Study Variables
Independent variables
Dependent variable
4.7. Data Collection Procedures
4.7.1. Instruments
4.7.2. Recruitment of research participants
4.7.3. Recruitment and training of data collectors
4.7.4. Data quality control
4.8. Data Analysis
4.9. Ethical Considerations
4.10.

Operational Definitions

5. RESULTS
6. DISCUSSIONS
7. CONCLUSION
8. RECOMMENDATION

9. REFFERENCES
1.Andriana, I., Papaioannou & Kostikas, K., 2015. Control of asthma in real life: still a

valuable goal? , pp.361369. Available at:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.00001615.
Cochrane, M.G. et al., 2000. Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma Therapy: Patient
Compliance, Devices, and Inhalation Technique.
Espiir, C., 2002. Evaluation of asthma control. , pp.41723.
Gewely, M. et al., 2013. Health-related quality of life in childhood bronchial asthma. Egypt J
Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 11(2), pp.8393.
Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2010. Global strategy for asthma
management and prevention.
Hall, S., 2015. Does intravenous magnesium reduce hospital admission rates in adults with
severe acute asthma? Abstract Does Intravenous magnesium reduce hospital admission
rates in adults with severe acute asthma? , pp.121.
Kesterson, S.K., 2010. Clinical Background . , (March).
Kotwani, A. et al., 2012. Quality of asthma management in an urban community in. ,
(February), pp.184192.
L.Lavoie, K. et al., 2006. What Is Worse for Asthma Control and Quality of Life * Depressive
Disorders , Anxiety Disorders , or Both? , pp.10391047.
Leander, M., 2014. No Title No Title. Igarss 2014, (1), pp.15.
Measuring the impact of asthma on quality of life in the Australian population, 2004.
Measuring the impact of asthma on quality of life in the Australian population. , pp.8
27.
Nguyem, K. et al., 2011. Factors associated with asthma control among adults in five New
England states, 2006-2007. The Journal of asthma: official journal of the Association
for the Care of Asthma, 48(6), pp.5818. Available at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21668319.
Olaguibel, J.M., Quirce, S. & Julia, B., 2012. Measurement of asthma control according to
global initiative for asthma guidelines: a comparison with the asthma control
questionnaire. , pp.110.
Onyedum et al., 2014. Evaluation of Inhaler Techniques Among Asthma Patients Seen in
Nigeria: An Observational Cross Sectional Study. Annals of Medical and Health
Sciences Research, 4(1), pp.17.

Papaioannou, A.I. et al., 2015. Control of asthma in real life: still a valuable goal?
crossMark, pp.361369. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.00001615.
Price, D., Cleland, J. & Costa, R., 2007. Can asthma control be improved by understanding
the patients perspective?
Qoltech, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Available at:
https://www.qoltech.co.uk/aqlq.html [Accessed January 15, 2016].
Res, J.M., 2012. Do we care asthma? , (February), pp.157159.
Shareef, J., S, S.M. & Shastry, C.S., 2014. Impact of Pharmacist Provided Patient Counseling
on Quality of Life Inpatients with Asthma in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. , 3(2),
pp.110.

10. ANNEXES
Information Sheet
Dear participant, Good Morning/Afternoon
Introduction
My name is ________________. I am a member of the study that is carried out at Ayder
referral hospital entitled with Asthma Control and Quality of Life among Asthmatic
Patients attending Ayder Referral Hospital. In particular, I am interested to investigate
control of asthma and Quality of life.
Objective
The main objective of this study is to assess asthma control and quality of life among
asthmatic patients attending Ayder Referral Hospital .Your input will be extremely valuable
as the information will be used to assess the asthma control and quality of life and to identify
gaps in asthma control and their effect on quality of life.
Expected Outcomes and/or Benefits
At the end of the study, asthma control and quality of life among asthmatic patients will be
evaluated. Therefore, the study will identify and investigate the main gaps and challenges
associated with asthma control and quality of life, and will propose the feasible
recommendations and may benefit you directly or indirectly by improving to Ayder referral
hospital.

With many thanks for your help.

Informed Consent Form

Everything from your information and records would be completely confidential to the
research and the data are stored without your name and only used for the purpose of this
study. None of this would affect the care you receive from Ayder referral hospital, but will
help in future planning for the hospital. No identifying names or characteristics will go into
my report, so you may share your thoughts openly. Additionally, taking part in this study is
completely voluntary. It is your choice whether to participate or not. You may skip any
questions that you do not want to answer. Please ask me to stop as we go through the
information and I will take time to explain.
I would be grateful if you could sign the attached form to say you have no objections to our
accessing any records concerning you and interviewing you. Would you be willing to assist
me by having a 30-45 minutes interview with me? Interview accepted:
Yes No
If the interviewee responds Yes please proceed and let him/her to sign or replies No
gratitude him/her and quit the interview. If you have any questions concerning the study,
please call Mekdes Mebratu +251-921-42-49-80.
_________________ ___________________
Signature of respondent Signature of interviewer
Date: ____________________ (Day/month/year)
With many thanks for your help.
Mekdes Mebratu
Principal Investigator
Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University
Email: mekdesmebratu35@gmail.com
Mobile: +251-921-42-49-80

1.
1.1.
1.2.

SCIO DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Age: ______________ (Write in number)
Sex

1.3.
1.4.

1.5.
1.6.

2.
2.1.

2.2.

Female
Marital status
Single
Married
Educational level ______________(Write in number)

Male

Divorced

High School (9-12)

Urban

Employee (Paid Work )

5-6 years

Elementary School(Grade 1-18)

Place of Residence
Rural
Occupation
Retired

Farmer

1-2 years

3.
3.1.

3.2.

3-4 years

1-2 years
3-4 years

Self-employed/Merchant

Unknown

6 years

5-6 years

Unknown

6 years

What is your average frequency of follow-up per year?: ______________ (Write in number/words)

1-2 times
3-4 times

5-6 times

6 times

Do you have any major comorbidities other than asthma [cardiovascular disease (angina, heart fa
hypertension), COPD.]
Yes
No
MEDICAION RELATED FACTOR
How many medications do you use for your asthma?
One
Two
>Two

What type asthma of medications do you use?

Puffs

3.4.

Diploma and Above

For how long time have you taken your asthma medications?: ___________ (Write in number/words)

2.4.

Widowed

House Wife
Others (Specify)
DISEASE RELATED FACTORS
What is the duration since the diagnosis of your asthma?: ____________ (Write in number/words)

2.3.

Illiterate or Non-Formal Education

What is
daily
frequency
of
administration of
your
asthma

Per Oral
Salbutamol
1 times
2 times
3 times

Beclametasone
1 times
2 times
3 times

Pridonsolone
1 times
2 times
3 times

Formrterol/Salmeterol
1 times
2 times
3 times

medications?

4 times
PRN

4 times
PRN

4 times
PRN

4 times
PRN

One
Two or more

One
Two or more

One
Two or more

3.5.

How many puffs One

per dose do you Two or more
use at a time?

3.6.

Have you ever experience any side effects from the medications? (like tachycardia, palpation, headache, hypotensio
candidiasis, smell and taste disturbance

Yes
No
4.
PATIENT RELATED FACTORS
4.1.
Do you use other methods other than asthma medications for the disease?such as changing places, refraining
from offending senses and others?
Yes
No
Well
Partly
Uncontrolled
controlled
controlled
Daytime asthma symptoms more than twice/week?
Yes No

Any night waking due to asthma?

Reliever needed for symptoms more than twice/week?
Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniAQlQ)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

All of
Most of
A good
Some
A little
the
the
bit of the of the
of the
time
time(2)
time(3)
time(4) time(5
(1)
)
In General How Much Of The Time During The Last 2 Weeks Did You

Feel short of breath as a result of

asthma?
Feel bothered by or have to avoid

dust in the environment?

Feel frustrated as a result of your

asthma?
Feel bothered by coughing?

Feel afraid of not having your

asthma medication available?

Experience a feeling of chest

tightness or chest heaviness?
Feel bothered by or have to avoid

cigarette smoke in the

environment?
Have difficulty getting a good

sleep as a result of asthma?

Feel concerned about having

asthma?

Hardly
any of
the
time(6)

None of
the
time(7)

10.
11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

In General, How Much Of The Time During The Last 2 Weeks Did You
Experience a wheeze in your

chest?

Feel bothered by or have to avoid

going outside because of weather
or air pollution?
In General, Have You Been During The Last 2 Weeks Doing These Activities As a Result Of Your Asthma?

Strenuous activities(such as
hurrying, exercising, running up
stairs, sports)

Moderate activities (such as

walking, housework, gardening,
shopping, climbing stairs)

Social activities(such as talking,

playing with pets/children, visiting
friends/relatives)

Work related activities(task you

have to do at work)

 -

______________________________________
(quality of life)




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30-40
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___________________________
_________________________________



-mekdesmebratu35@gmail.com
-0921424980