AN ASSESSMENT ON INTERVENTION PROGRAM OF THE CITY SOCIAL

WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT IN REDUCING CASES OF CHILD IN CONFLICT

WITH THE LAW
______________________
A Thesis Proposal presented to the
Faculty of the Department of Criminology
College of Arts and Social Sciences
Tarlac State University
Tarlac City

_______________________
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Course requirement for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

__________________________
By:
Binuya, Charlene Mae B.
Marcos, Girlie Rose D.
Moises, Thea Louise N.

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDS
Introduction
Juvenile crime is the nation serious problem. Millions of children throughout the
world are held in jails, prisons and detention centers. Juvenile are below eighteen(18)
years of age who are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from
abuse, neglect, cruelty or exploitation . (Aviola,2012) Roughly 28 children are get
arrested everyday or more than one child for every hour (UNICEF).
Some factors contribute to the development of delinquent behavior in children.
Poverty in order to survive in their daily living or to sustain their basic needs juvenile are
forced to break the law. Family characteristics such as poor parenting skills, family size,
home discord and child maltreatment. Mass media young people witnessed violence
through television, internet and mobile phone. Influence of peer group has a big impact to
the juvenile they adopt the behavior of this group. Environment cause in the community
that can juvenile turns into delinquent because of the modern changes and exposure to the
criminal acts committed by the adults.
According to the National Data Report from the Council for the Welfare of
Children (CWC) shows that more than 52,000 children from 1995 to 2000 were reported
from the CWC on the Situationer on Filipino Children presents the profile of Child in
Conflict with the Law (CICL), Usually between the ages of 15 and 17 because of low
educational attainment, large number of family, use of drugs and alcohol. Separate data
from the DSWD shows that from 2001 to 2010, there were close to 64,000 Child in CICL

served by the government. The presence of CICL was highest in Region VI or western
Visayas, the NCR and the Region XI or the Davao Region (Sabangan, 2011).
In Tarlac City, the Researchers found out a cases committed by a fifteen(15) years
of old juvenile the incident happen at Brgy.San Sebastian, Tarlac City. He committed a
crime of murder and temporarily detained at Provincial Jail located in Dolores, BarasBaras, Tarlac City. According to the City Social Welfare and Development(CSWD), a
juvenile between 15 to 17 years of age with or without discernment will temporarily
detained before they undergo the intervention programs in CSWD. A juvenile 15 years
old and below acted with or without discernment shall be release and suffer from the
penalty of civil liability responsible by their parents. The juvenile lasts 3 to 6 months in
the institution and after that they conduct a home visiting for those juveniles. The
intervention programs of the CSWD are counseling financial assistance psychological
evaluation and legal assistance. The CSWD has strategies to prevent the juveniles to
commit a crime such as the Barangay counsel shall be active and conduct a curfew, the
CSWD shall have enough budget for the juvenile, the Law Enforcement Agency shall
undergo training and the Parent must be aware to their child.
The aims of this study is to assessed the of major crimes committed by the
juvenile offenders and the assessment on intervention programs of the CSWD in reducing
a cases of CICL.
Statement of the Problem
This study will determine the assessment on intervention program of the CSWD
in reducing a cases of the CICL from the year 2014-2015. Specifically it will answer the
following problems:

1. What is the Level of awareness of the respondent regarding the implementation of

intervention programs to reduce cases of CICL?
1.1 Counseling;
1.2 Financial Assistance;
1.3 Psychological Evaluation;
1.4 Legal Assistance;
1.5 Networking to the Institution;
1.6 Community Outreach; and
2. Is there a significant difference in the level of awareness regarding the intervention programs
as observed by:

2.1 City Social Welfare and Development Personnel;

2.2 Community;
2.3 Child in conflict with the law;
2.4 Philippine National Police; and
3. What is the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the respondents in the
implementation of intervention programs?
3.1 Lack of Funds;
3.2 Lack of parental support;
3.3 Lack of Facilities;
3.4 Inadequate manpower in handling child in conflict with the law;
3.5 No immunity from suit for registered social welfare;
3.6 Procedures in handling child in conflict with the law; and
4. Is there a significant difference in the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in
the intervention program an observed by:

4.1 City Social Welfare and Development Personnel;

4.2 Community;
4.3 Child in conflict with the law;
4.4 Philippine National Police; and
5. What action plan could proposed to address the problems encountered in the
implementation of intervention programs?
Significance of Study
This chapter provides brief description on the various significance of the study.
This section also discussed how this study can be applied to some problems or issues.
To the City Social Welfare and Development, this study will give them
additional insight on how they can improve and apply the proper strategies in preparing
their employees in the intervention programs. It will serve as a basis to the people
working in their agency who want to know about this program.
To the Philippine National Police, this study will help the officials to become
more aware regarding the deficiency of knowledge in the program of the CSWD about
the guidelines indicated in their standard procedure. Thus, it will help them in
formulating new plans in reducing cases of CICL.
To the Community, this study will help the society to become updated to what is
happening in the communities. It will increase their knowledge about the program and
give concern to the juveniles by preventing them in committing a crime. It will improve
their camaraderie with people in the society by helping each other. It will also help the
youth to become open-minded and be a good role model to the upcoming generations.

To the Criminology Student, this unit will help them to acquire knowledge and
skill needed to carry out their responsibilities and protect their rights as citizens of a free
society. It will emphasize basic knowledge of juvenile crime and treatment. It will also
receive the chances to observe, educate and inform them about the roof of juvenile crime
effects and methods of their defeat.
To the Future Researchers, this study will serve as an additional reference for
future researchers to further enhance this study.
Scope and Delimitation
This research will be conducted in the city of Tarlac, specifically in the
office of CSWD and PCP II. The office in the said city was chosen since tarlac city is the
capital of the province of Tarlac and it has the biggest population and budget allotment
out of all the municipalities in the province of Tarlac. The number of respondents are 20
employees of CSWD, 30 employees of PNP in the PCP II, 100 people in the Tarlac
proper and also 15 CICL`s who undergo intervention programs. The questionnaire
provided by the CSWDO will serve as an instrument in measuring the efficiency of the
said office in the prevention of the commission of the juvenile offenses.
This study is limited to the assessment on intervention programs of the CSWD in
reducing a cases of CICL within the time span of the year 2014 and 2015.
Definition of Terms
The terminologies and key word that have been used in this study are defined to
suit the intention of this study. For purpose of clarification and reference these term are
operationally defined.
o Child in conflict with the law (CICL)- this pertains to a minor who
commit a crime in the Tarlac City.

o City Social Welfare and Development(CSWD)-this refers to the agency

responsible for counseling, financial assistance, psychological evaluation
and legal assistance for juvenile offenders.
-personnel who conduct intervention program in the Tarlac City.

o Community- this refers to the residents of Tarlac Ctiy.

o Intervention Program- this refers to the action of the government to
prevent the commission of juvenile offenses. This program is geared toward
those who have be gone to engage in negative behaviors or attitudes or
heading down an path of alcohol, drugs, gangs or violence.
o Juvenile- this refers to the minors.

-This refers to the subject of this study who are persons below
eighteen(18) years of age.

o Philippine National Police(PNP)- this pertains to the authorized

individuals who are in-charge of maintaining peace and order.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This literature review focuses on defining and describing juvenile delinquents act
on the basis of reports gathered throughout the country. It also tackles the different
factors, motivation and influences of juveniles in committing crimes.
Related Literature
Juvenile delinquency is a term used to describe large number of disapproved
behaviors of children and youth. An example case could be that of a minor who refuses to
do household chores or fights with siblings, goes with bad friends, talks back or answer
back, or listen to the wrong music. Parents, siblings, or relatives may call such behavior
Delinquent even though there is no law violated. It is also referred to an antisocial act or behavior of minors which deviates from normal patterns of rules and
regulations, customs and culture which are not permitted by the society and therefore it
can justify some kind of admonishment, punishment, or corrective measures in the public
interest ( Aviola 2012).
Legally, Juvenile delinquency is defined as the criminal law violations that would
be considered crimes if committed by an adult, an act committed by a minor that violates
the penal code of the government with authority over the place which the act occurred,
the committing of those things that considered crimes by the country, any act behavior or
conduct which might be brought to court and judged whether such is a violation of a law
(Aviola 2010).
Children all over the world are possible future leaders which may demand that
they perform vital roles within their family and the community in general when they
matured enough. For an individual to be accepted into such an esteemed leadership
positions, one key indicator is that, such a person must be a good role model who is

worthy of emulation with regards to conformity to the norms and values that bind the
community and abstinence from the ones that destroy it. For children to fulfill the
potential in the future, it is expected of them to refrain from deviant and delinquent
behaviours that can truncate their chances in such held universal truism on leadership
(Kasser, 2011).
The study of juvenile delinquency examines why juveniles break the laws, the
participation of the family as a cause to the problem, the neighborhood, the school, the
media, peers or barkada and other sociological factors that contribute to the growing
problem of youth delinquency (Aviola 2012).
Stipulates that theft and robbery are crimes against property were most of the
crimes today are done by minors. This indicates that economic difficulties drive them into
criminal activities. She further adds that the major factor that pushes the youth towards
delinquency is poverty together with family conflict and negative peer influence (Soriano
2005).
In the Philippines, finds that in the final years of the Marcos era, crime became
hardened in the street. Delinquent youth doubled from 3,814 in 1987 to 6, 778 in 1989.
The majority (59.1%) apprehended were between 17 and 21 years old, while 5 another
31.8% were between 13 and 16 years old. This situation is based on data given by the
Department of Social Welfare.( Verwijs 2002)

Related Study
Foreign

Hossain (2011) claims that juvenile delinquency is almost an outcome of rapid

urbanization and industrialization and has almost become a universal problem in most of
the industrialized countries. No single cause or simple explanation for the development of
delinquent behavior but there are different causes of delinquency namely: family aspect
of delinquency, physical and biological factor.
Becroft (2009) has find out that association with anti-social peers become a
training ground for delinquent behavior and increases the chance of the youth to become
4 delinquent. A juvenile gang member considers his group as his family, such
associations, an individual acquires a sense of safety and security (Juvenile,
Delinquency, 2003).
Green (2005), the social-science evidence points strongly to the influence of
parents as the chief underlying cause of juvenile crime. A recent survey found that
criminal parents are much more likely to raise criminal offspring; 43% of prisoners had
family members who had been convicted and 35% had a family member who had been in
jail.
Caldwell and Van Bybroek(2005)- investigate reducing violent offending in a
population of serious and violent juvenile offenders following an intensity institution
counseling treatment program. The youths in the Treatment group were sent to the
program from a juvenile correction institution where they received the costomary
Rehabilitation Services.
Lipsey and Wilson(2006) proffered that while steps to control the aggressive
behavior of some youth are necessary treatment intervention approaches need to a

designed so that they can be safely applied even when the juvenile is disruptive and
uncooperative.
Juby and Farrington(2007) claim that there are three major classes that explain the
relationship between disruptive families and delinquency: trauma theories, life course
theories and selection theories. The trauma theories suggest that the loss of a parent has a
damaging effect on children, most commonly because of the effect on attachment to the
parent. Life course theories focus on the separation as a long drawn out process rather
than a discrete event, and on the effects of multiple stressors typically associated with
separation selection theories argue that disruptive families are associated with
delinquency because of pre-existing differences in family income or child rearing
methods for example.
Gorman Smith and Tolan(2007) found that parental conflict and parental
aggressiveness predicted violent offending; whereas, lack of maternal affection and
parental criminality predicted involvement in property crimes. Familial characteristics
suggesting familial antisocial behavior or values such as family history of criminal
behavior, harsh parental discipline and family conflict have been among the most
consistent linked.
West and Farrington (2008) reported that the most common delinquency (thefts,
burglaries, and taking vehicles) were associated with more marginal deviant activities
such as heavy driving, heavy gambling, reckless drinking and sexual promiscuity.
Bolwby and Bender (2008) emphasized that any severe disturbance of parentchild relationship in infancy is bound to effect the personality development and this may
lead to delinquency.

Hatzichristou (2008) compared Greek individuals identified as engaging in

delinquent behavior who had either been altered in childhood or not maltreated.
Perceived parental abuse or psychological neglect were associated with various family
and social characteristics as well as specific greek societal and cultural factors.
Peterson (2009) studied the effect of racial, ethnic and cultural factors on the
process of identifying and serving students with emotional or behavioral disorders.
Preino and Peyrot (2009) investigated the effect of neglected children on
aggressive, withdrawn and pro social behavior.
Local
Martin (2005) that, there are many theories that have been propounded to explain
regarding the juvenile delinquency among children. These theoretical perspectives have
explained only particular aspects but not all the aspects. He further explains that there are
some factors for deviant behavior which includes dysfunctioning of the family, substance
abuse, low self-esteem, peer pressure, and socio-economic factors.
Araneta-de Leon (2005), the nature theories rely mainly on biochemical and
gender factors to explain juvenile delinquency. The biochemical perspective holds that
there is something inside the physical or genetic make-up of the person that makes him
engage in criminal acts. On the other hand, the following factors are included in the
nurture theories of juvenile delinquency: (a) lack of formal education, (b) media, (c) drug
abuse, (d) peers, (e) law enforcers, (f) family factors, (g) histories of abuse, and (h) lack
of bonding or attachment. In a local study, it was discovered that a typical Filipino
delinquent is usually a male between 14 to 17 years of age who is out-of-school at the
commission of the offense although he has achieved some level of elementary education.

He is commonly a repeater due to truancy. In terms of his family life, he usually comes
from either a broken home or has one or both parents deceased.
Cruz-Avisado (2007) describes that still today children suffer in jail as they have
to wait a long time until the trial and their cases are processed. As a result, many CICL
cannot go to school, learn other basic skills in life or gain experience in living in a society
to eventually become responsible individuals and citizens. Unfortunately, the exact
amount of children still suffering is unknown. The latest reports of 2010 have shown that
juveniles still are not completely segregated from adult prisoners which is not in
concordance with the right of a child to be separated from adult offenders. Some child
prisoners were abused by other prisoners and prison personnel (U.S. Department of State,
2011).
Agonia, (2007).A few months after the FHF first board meeting, Congress enacted
Republic Act No. 9344; an act establishing a comprehensive Juvenile Justice and Welfare
System (JJWS), creating the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC) under the
Department of Justice (DOJ). This Act provides for a diversion/intervention program
for redirecting CICL from 2 streets and jails into rehabilitation centers .
Chris B. (2012) Past psychological research pertaining to juvenile offenders has
been primarily concerned with offenders as a group, or homogeneous unit. In this study
three legally subdivided juvenile offender groups, the delinquents, miscreants, and statusoffenders, were investigated to determine if there were significant psychological
differences among them. The testing instrument utilized in this investigation was the
revised Jr.-Sr. High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ), developed by Cattell and
Beloff in 1962. The HSPQ was administered to sixty, twelve to eighteen year old juvenile

offenders divided equally into delinquents, miscreants, and status-offenders, based on the
seriousness of their offense. There were ten males and ten females in each group. The
analysis of variance test and the least significant difference technique were the statistical
procedures utilized for data analysis. Analysis of the data indicated that there were no
significant differences between delinquents, miscreants, and status-offenders as measured
by the HSPQ. There were differences computed between males and females on two
factors of the HSPQ. There was also an interaction effect. However, relative to the entire
protocol, these differences proved fairly slight. Consequently, the results of this
investigation indicate that the legal subdivisions of delinquents, miscreants, and statusoffenders are not representative of psychologically distinct sub-categories of juvenile
offenders.
Theoretical Framework
In this study, I present a range of theories which will serve as the explanatory
framework of the young offenders delinquent behaviours. The theories presented include
the social bond theory, the general theory of crime, the labeling theory, the differential
association theory, the differential oppression theory and situated learning theory. These
theories are as discussed below.
Social Bond Theory. The social bond theory (Hirschi, 1969) posits that, as
children grow up, they develop bonds or attachments to the various facets of the society
and this deters them from engaging in delinquency. That is, their attachment to these
institutions implores them to support and abide by the ideals which strengthen the society
as a whole. Hence, delinquency according to this theory results when juveniles develop a
fragile attachment, belief, commitment and involvement in conventional activities within

the society (shoemaker, 2009). According to Hirschi (1969), the main building blocks of
social bond theory are four which include attachment, belief, commitment and
involvement. Attachment denotes the emotional component of the theory which deals
with the connectedness of adolescents to important elements of a societys social
institutions. By social institutions, we are referring to the family, school, church, friends
and significant others. When adolescents attached to an institution like the family, it
compels them to behave well when they are outside in order to avert bad image not only
for themselves but for their family as well (Abotchie, 2008). The belief component of the
theory also has to do with adolescents acceptance of the conventional or moral code of
ethic of the society which is deemed to be an avenue for reducing delinquency
(Shoemaker, 2009; Regoli, Hewitt & Delisi, 2008). When adolescents buy into the norms
of his community, it is reckoned to entreat them in conform to the public morality. The
next component of the theory which is commitment demands that, when adolescents
devote much of their time, energy and resources in pursuing an ambition or a goal, that
will keep them focused in life devoid of delinquency. In that, they will be motivated to
convert all the time that would have been used in engaging in deviant behaviours into
productive ventures. Finally, the involvement component proposes that, when
adolescents participate in conventional activities which their society has to offer, it will
keep them out of delinquency. This will keep them busy and occupied and delinquency
will be out of their options. This may take the form of extracurricular activities in school
or at church. Hirschi continued that, the four essential elements which make up the social
bond theory are positively interrelated. Indicating that, if an adolescent has a strong
attachment to the family, and school, such a person will be motivated to learn hard in the

classroom and come out with good results. In due course, he or she will be active in the
extracurricular activities of the school and put up a belief that such a way of life are
important for his or her wellbeing.
General Theory of Crime. Self-control has been identified as an important
developmental ability which allows children to inhibit unacceptable bahaviours
(Gottfredson & Hirschis (1990). According to the general theory of crime (Gottfredson
& Hirschi, 1990), juvenile delinquents have a common behavioural pattern which finds
expression in their self-control. By self-control, Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) are
referring to the degree to which an individual is vulnerable to the temptations of the
moment (p.87). They continue that, juvenile delinquents are individual who possess low
self-control as compared to their nondelinquent counterparts and this compromises their
ability to desist from deviant activities. The source of the low self-control common
among juvenile delinquents can be traced to their early life socialization which tends to
be ineffective (Longshore, Chang, Hsieh & Messina, 2004). This is because, the mastery
self-control is learned just as other behaviours and attitudes are also taught within a
society (Shoemaker, 2009). Hence, when parents fail to supervise their children and, or
check up on them when they put up wrong behaviours by reprimanding them, they will
end up promoting low self-control in their children. Unlike the social bond theory
(Hirschi, 1967) discussed earlier on which posits that adolescents with strong attachment
to their parents, school or friends stand a higher chance of not becoming delinquent, the
general theory of crime challenges such a position. According to the general theory of
crime, an adolescents connectedness alone to important agents in the community without
strong self-control will still make him or her prone to delinquency. This is typical of

situations where they are attached to deviant peers who happened to be their friends. In
such a case, the essential determinant of whether they will succumb to their peers
influence or not will be determined by their self-control.
Labeling Theory of Delinquency. The labeling theory is often identified with the
works of Becker (1963). Labeling theory hold that, the reaction society develops towards
delinquency has a future repercussion on the behaviours of juvenile delinquents (Putwain
& Sammons, 2002; Shoemaker, 2009). The theory continues that, society sets aside
certain acts as delinquent and people who exhibit these behaviours attract the label of
being delinquents. Following the attachment of delinquent label on people which the
society accords to be so, the society then met treatment unto them in a way that is
consistent to delinquency label (Putwain & Sammons, 2002; Regoli et al., 2008;
Shoemaker, 2009). In the end, people that receive the tag of delinquency come to adapt to
it as part of their self image and this affect their subsequent behaviours in the future. Akin
to the labeling theory is the social psychology notion of self-fulfilling prophecy (Merton,
1968) which entails a behavioural confirmation on the part of people who have been
labeled as delinquents by the society (Putwain & Sammons, 2002). That is, since the
society has label certain members as delinquents, such people overtime tend to put up
behaviours that confirms the predicted manifestation of who a delinquent is.
Differential Association Theory. Differential association theory (Sutherland,
1939) is a social learning theory which supposes that, young people develop the attitudes
and skills necessary to become delinquents through their sustained contact with other
individuals who harbour the norms of delinquency (Wood & Alleyne, 2010). This
indicates that, adolescents exposure to delinquent attitudes and skills increases their

propensity to also emulate such behaviours with time (Bandura, 1977). Hence, so long as
young people are exposed to attitudes that are in favour of the violation of law than the
ones that are law abiding, delinquency will prevail. The theory operates on the premises
that: Behaviour is learned through interaction with significant others, typically parents
and peers. The likelihood of a youth becoming delinquent is determined by his or her
interactions with both conventional and criminal associations. If a child has more
contacts supporting criminal conducts than opposing it, he or she will become more likely
to commit crime....(Regoli et al., 2008, p.191). From the above caption, it become
apparent that the techniques required performing a delinquent act is learned just as
children learn to put up a good conduct in the society. Children actually becomes
delinquent because they perceive that the benefits they will obtain from committing the
offence to be enormous than when they abstain from it. Also, the learning processes to
delinquency ensue when adolescents interact and intercommunicate with people they
share close intimacy with. Therefore, when adolescents maintain an association with their
deviant peer compatriots, this relations provide the breeding ground for them to also
develop and maintain similar delinquent behaviours (Vitaro, Brendgen, & Tremblay,
2000;Keijsers, Branje, Van der Valk, & Meeus, 2010). However, the theory does not
specify the nature of this learning process to delinquency. This is very necessary not only
for intervention purposes but also for readers to comprehend the decisions and costbenefit analysis that adolescents make on their path to assuming a delinquency attitude as
a source of livelihoods. Hence, effort will be made in my present study to suggest a
model that elucidates the training process to delinquency.

Differential Oppression Theory. The differential oppression theory (Regoli &

Hewitt, 2006) holds that, parents and other authority figures occupy a position in the
family which affords them the opportunity to maintain order in the home in ways that
tend to be oppressive to children. That is, parents influence the choice of peers for their
children, food, clothing, movies, sleeping time and the like. Children on the other hand
occupy a social position with limited resources that can equip them to negotiate for
changes in their environment, hence rendering them powerless to submit to authority. The
theory continues that, the forms of oppression meted onto children ranges from a demand
to obey rules designed to meet the adults convenience through physical, sexual and
emotional abuse. These maltreatments compel children to put up an adoptive reaction
which tend to be problem behaviours such as substance use, delinquency and the likes
(Regoli & Hewitt, 2006). Hence, delinquency according to this theory is an adoptive
strategy by children suppressed by their parents or caregiver, who make the home life for
their own conveniences and uninhabitable to their wards.
Situated Learning Theory and Legitimate Peripheral Participation Situated
learning theory was propounded by Lave and Wenger (1991) and it explains learning
which occurs directly in a community of practice. By community of practice, Lave and
Wenger (1991) are referring to a group of people who have in common a profession, craft
or a common passion, and often meet to learn how they can develop themselves on what
they do. Hence, unlike in the classroom of the school institution where abstract and
decontextualized knowledge is earned, in situated leaning, the learners are directly
positioned in the social context or field where the skill will be needed (Lave & Wenger,
1991; Hundeide, 2003). This make situated learning a more practical approach to

knowledge acquisition. Legitimate peripheral participation (Lave & Wenger, 1991) is a

component of situated learning theory which affords a platform to account for learning
that occurs in a tacit and indirect way, where newcomers move from the fringes of a
community of practice towards the center (Hundeide, 2003). That is, whiles the group is
on the field engaging in the community of practice, other people assimilate the practices
by watching from the outside. Hence, learning of the craft persists until the newcomers
become competent and accepted members of the group that engages in the community of
practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Hundeide, 2003). Through their peripheral activities, the
newcomers become acquainted with the body language, vocabularies and task routines of
the community members and with time and the requisite resources, they graduate to
become full members of the community (Lave & Wenger, 1991). This indicates that,
when there is a room to recruit new members to officially hold position in such
communities of practice, the legitimate peripheral participants will be very much
resourceful since little effort will be displaced in inducting them within the community as
opposed to new comers with a blank knowledge about the communities activities.
Conceptual Framework
This study aims to evaluate an assessment on intervention program of the CSWD
in reducing a cases of the CICL in the year 2014-2015. This study will look into the level
of awareness of the intervention programs, intervention program be describe and degree
of seriousness of problem encountered of the intervention programs of the CSWD in the
Tarlac City that needs to evaluate for further study.
This study will also evaluate the measures an assessment on intervention program
of the CSWD in reducing a cases of the CICL, these are enumerated as follows:

counseling, financial assistance, psychological evaluation, legal assistance, networking to

the institution and community outreach. The seriousness of problems of the intervention
programs, is enumerated as follows: lack of fund lack of support from the parents, lack of
facilities, inadequate manpower in handling CICL, no immunity from suit for registered
social welfare and procedures in handling CICL from these the increase and decrease of
what problem will be identified.
Another group of dependent variable is base for the identification and assessment
on intervention program of the CSWD in reducing a cases committed by the juveniles.

Paradigm of the Study

Intervention Programs
Serious Problems encountered in intervention
program

Awareness

Effectiveness

Fig. 1

Problems

Chapter 3
METHOD OF RESEARCH AND SOURCE OF DATA
This chapter summarizes the methodology that will be used to obtain the data
needed in answering the statement of the problems. This includes the description of the
studys research design, participants of the study, sources of data, procedures of the study
and the data analysis.
Research Design
This study will utilize a descriptive method. Descriptive research is concerned with
the description of data and characteristics about a population. A survey method will be
used because it provides a list of information based on the knowledge about the study.
This method is applicable because it utilizes survey questionnaire in gathering data to

determine the effectiveness of intervention programs of the CSWD in reducing a cases of

the CICL in the year 2014-2015. According to Edralin (2002) descriptive research is a
type of research conducted to illustrate and determine patterns or characteristics of
variables in particular intakes or events.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted at Tarlac City. Twenty (20) from the total number of
CSWD will be taken as respondents, Thirty (30) employees from the PNP member in the
PCP II will be taken as the respondents, One Hundred (100) persons will be taken as the
respondents in the community and also included the Fifteen (15) CICL`s who commit a
crime under the law with the total number of one hundred sixty-five (165) respondents
who are currently residents of Tarlac City.
Population universe and respondents/ subjects of the study
This study involved CSWD, PNP Community and CICL. This research
considered twenty (20) government employees in the CSWD, thirty (30) PNP members in
the PCP II, one hundred (100) person in the community and also considered the fifteen
(15) CICL`s in the Tarlac City a total number of one hundred sixty-five (165) people in
the City of Tarlac.
Data Gathering Instrument
The questionnaires was divided into three (3) parts: the first part was about the
level of awareness of the respondents regarding the implementation of intervention
programs in reducing a cases of the CICL, the second part was about describing the
intervention program and the third part was about the degree of seriousness of problems
encountered by the respondents in the implementation of intervention programs.

The researchers will use the questionnaires as the main data gathering tool which
will be formulated before the research was conducted. The questionnaires will be filled
up by checking the answers provided by the researchers.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers gave a request letter to the Mayor`s office for approval, to the
office of CSWD and PNP to float a questionnaire to the employees to gather needed data
for our research that will be answered. The researchers seek an approval to the CSWD
chairman to conduct a survey from the CICL and approval from our professor to conduct
a survey in the community. The researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the
respondents. The respondents will answer the questionnaires by checking the desired
answers. Lastly, after collecting the given questionnaires, the researchers will tally the
answer that will represent the results of the findings.
Statistical Treatment Used
The various data that were gathered were subject to statistical to further
understand the need and possible aid to the awareness of the intervention program and
problems encountered by the CSWD in the study. The researchers made use of the Mean
and Median Formula for computing the total numbers of respondent. The treatment
includes scoring and computation of Mean and Median.

Mean. The average of total sum of the respondent.

variance.

Anova used to detect if there exists a significance difference between groups; if less
than 0.05, then there is a significance difference.
Pair-wise t-test used to detect which pair has a significance difference.; if less than
0.05, then there is significance difference.
Tukeys test used to detect which pair has a significance difference.

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, analyze and interpretation of data. The data are
presented for a clearer view and understanding and thereby analyzed and interpreted.
The following tables present and discuss the variables of the study such as
evaluation of the respondents concerning the awareness of the intervention programs and
problems of the intervention programs proposed by the respondents.
1. Level of awareness of the respondent regarding the implementation of
intervention programs to reduce cases of CICL.
Table 1
Level of Awareness on Counseling
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.6

0.60

CICL

15

3.8

0.41

PNP

30

3.9

0.37

Community

100

2.7

0.98

Level of
Awareness
Very Much
Aware
Very Much
Aware
Very Much
Aware
Much Aware

Total

165

3.1

0.99

Much Aware

Table 1 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on

counseling of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in
conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the counseling of the cswd has a mean
score of 3.6,which has a verbal description of Very Much Aware. The CICL has a mean
score of 3.8, which has a verbal description of Very Much Aware. The PNP has a mean

score of 3.9, which has a verbal description of Very Much Aware. The Community has a
mean score of 2.7, which has verbal description of Much Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on counseling of the
CSWD, CICL,PNP, and COMMUNITY to reduce child in conflict with the law has a
grand mean of 3.1(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on counseling of the CSWD,
CICL,PNP, and COMMUNITY is sufficient to maintain the said program.
Table 2
Level of Awareness on Financial Assistance
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.0

0.92

Level of
Awareness
Much Aware

CICL

15

2.9

0.59

Much Aware

PNP

30

2.4

0.96

Aware

Community

100

2.6

0.90

Much Aware

Total

165

2.6

0.91

Much Aware

Table 2 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on financial

assistance of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in
conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the financial assistance on CSWD has a
mean score of 3.0, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The CICL has a mean
score of 2.9, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The PNP has a mean score
of 2.4,which has a verbal description of Aware. The COMMUNITY has a mean score of
2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on financial assistance
of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with the law has a

grand mean of 2.6(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on financial assistance the
cswd,cicl,pnp and community is sufficient to maintain the said program.
Table 3
Level of Awareness on Psychological Evaluation
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.1

0.64

Level of
Awareness
Much Aware

CICL

15

3.0

0.00

Much Aware

PNP

30

3.4

0.67

Much Aware

Community

100

2.5

0.99

Aware

Total

165

2.8

0.91

Much Aware

Table 3 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on

Psychological Evaluation of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases
of child in conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the psychological evaluation on CSWD has
a mean score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The CICL has a
mean score of 3.0, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The PNP has a mean
score of 3.4,which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The COMMUNITY has a
mean score of 2.5, which has a verbal description of Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on psychological
evaluation of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with the
law has a grand mean of 2.8(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on psychological
evaluation of the cswd,cicl,pnp and community is sufficient to maintain the said program.
Table 4
Level of Awareness on Legal Assistance

Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.4

0.59

Level of
Awareness
Much Aware

CICL

15

3.2

0.56

Much Aware

PNP

30

3.2

0.59

Much Aware

Community

100

2.5

0.93

Aware

Total

165

2.8

0.88

Much Aware

Table 4 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on Legal

Assistance of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in
conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the legal assistance on CSWD has a mean
score of 3.4, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The CICL has a mean score
of 3.2, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The PNP has a mean score of
3.2,which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The COMMUNITY has a mean score
of 2.5, which has a verbal description of Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on legal assistance of
the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with the law has a
grand mean of 2.8(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on legal assistance of the
cswd,cicl,pnp and community is sufficient to maintain the said program.

Table 5
Level of Awareness on Networking to the Institution
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

2.6

0.83

Level of
Awareness
Much Aware

CICL

15

3.2

0.41

Much Aware

PNP

30

3.3

0.92

Much Aware

Community

100

2.6

0.95

Much Aware

Total

165

2.8

0.94

Much Aware

Table 5 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on

networking to the institution of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing
cases of child in conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and
COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the networking to the institution on CSWD
has a mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The CICL has a
mean score of 3.2, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The PNP has a mean
score of 3.3,which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The COMMUNITY has a
mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on networking to the
institution of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with the
law has a grand mean of 2.8(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on networking to
the institution of the cswd,cicl,pnp and community is sufficient to maintain the said
program.

Table 6
Level of Awareness on Community Outreach
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.0

0.65

Level of
Awareness
Much Aware

CICL

15

3.1

0.52

PNP

30

3.7

0.55

Community

100

2.8

0.97

Much Aware
Very Much
Aware
Much Aware

Total

165

3.0

0.89

Much Aware

Table 6 presents the level of awareness of the intervention programs on

community outreach of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of
child in conflict with law as perceived by the CSWD, CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The awareness of the respondents about the community outreach on CSWD has a
mean score of 3.0, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The CICL has a mean
score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of Much Aware. The PNP has a mean score
of 3.7,which has a verbal description of Very Much Aware. The COMMUNITY has a
mean score of 2.8, which has a verbal description of Much Aware.
Majority of the respondents perceived that the awareness on community outreach
of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with the law has a
grand mean of 3.0(Much Aware). Therefore, the awareness on community outreach of
the cswd,cicl,pnp and community is sufficient to maintain the said program.

2. Significant difference in the level of awareness regarding the intervention

programs
Table 7
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on
Counseling

Differences

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.4747

0.72

Not significant

.1596

1.41

Not significant

.6066

0.52

Not significant

5.64E-06

4.70

Significant

1.25E-06

5.04

Significant

4.40E-12

7.49

Significant

7.27E-14

Table 7 presents the differences of the awareness of the different agencies

regarding the counseling program. Based from the data collected by the researchers in the
agencies of CSWD and CICL, CSWD and PNP, and CICL and PNP regarding their
awareness on the counseling program the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at
95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means
there is no significance difference between the level of awareness on counseling of the
CSWD and CICL, PNP and CSWD, CICL on the implementation on the said programs.
On the other hand the data collected form CSWD and COMMUNITY, CICL and
COMMUNITY, and PNP and COMMUNITY shows that the computed t-value is greater
than the p-value at 95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore
rejected, it means there is a significance difference between the level of awareness on
counseling of the COMMUNITY and CSWD,CICL, PNP.
Table 8
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on Financial
Assistance
Differences

Analysis of

Pair-wise t-

Tukeys

Significance

Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

test,
p-value

Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

(95%
Confidence)

.8273

0.22

Not significant

.0151

2.46

Significant

.0465

2.01

Significant

.0511

1.97

Not significant

.1437

1.47

Not significant

.2757

1.09

Not significant

CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

.0457

Table 8 presents the statistical treatment for significant differences on level of

awareness on financial assistance based from the data collected from CSWD and CICL,
CSWD and COMMUNITY, CICL and COMMUNITY, and PNP and COMMUNITY
when compared the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95% confidence. This
implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is no significance
difference between the level of awareness on financial assistance of the CSWD and
CICL, COMMUNITY and CSWD, CICL, PNP on the implementation on the said
programs. While on the other hand the compared data from the CSWD and PNP, and
CICL and PNP the computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This
implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected; it means there is a significance
difference between the level of awareness on counseling of the PNP and CSWD, CICL on
the implementation of the said programs.
Table 9
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on
Psychological Evaluation
Differences

Analysis of
Variance

Pair-wise ttest,

Tukeys
Simultaneous

Significance
(95%

(ANOVA),
p-value
CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

p-value

Comparison,
t-value

Confidence)

.7325

0.34

Not significant

.2815

1.08

Not Significant

.1769

1.36

Not significant

.0072

2.72

Significant

.0488

1.99

Significant

5.52E-06

4.70

Significant

1.92E-05

Table 9 presents the statistical treatment for significant differences on level of

awareness on psychological evaluation. The data from CSWD and CICL, CSWD and
PNP, and CICL and PNP when compared show that the t-value is lower than the p-value
at 95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means
there is no significance difference between the level of awareness on psychological
evaluation of the CSWD and CICL, PNP, CICL and PNP on the implementation on the
said programs. On the other hand the data from CSWD and COMMUNITY, CICL and
COMMUNITY, and PNP and COMMUNITY when compared shows that the t-value is
greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is
therefore rejected; it means there is a significance difference between the level of
awareness on psychological evaluation of the COMMUNITY and CSWD, CICL, PNP.
Table 10
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on Legal
Assistance

Differences

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

.5893

0.54

Not significant

.4352

0.78

Not Significant

.8969

0.13

Not significant

3.27E-05

4.27

Significant

.0022

3.11

Significant

.0001

3.94

Significant

1.56E-06

Table 10 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the level of awareness on legal assistance of the
CSWD and CICL, PNP, CICL and PNP on the implementation on the said programs. The
computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This implies that the null
hypothesis is therefore rejected , it means there is a significance difference between the
level of awareness on legal assistance of the COMMUNITY and CSWD,CICL, PNP.

Table 11
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on
Networking to the Institution

Differences

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

.0344

2.13

Significant

.0041

2.91

Significant

.7235

0.35

Not significant

.9272

0.09

Not Significant

.0117

2.55

Significant

.0001

3.93

Significant

.0003

Table 11 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the level of awareness on networking to the institution
of the CICL and PNP, CSWD and COMMUNITY on the implementation on the said
programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This
implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected , it means there is a significance
difference between the level of awareness on networking to the institution of the CSWD
and CICL, PNP, COMMUNITY and CICL, PNP.

Table 12
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Level of Awareness on
Community Outreach

Differences

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

.6419

0.47

Not Significant

.0065

2.76

Significant

.0458

2.01

Not significant

.3077

1.02

Not Significant

.1408

1.48

Significant

1.31E-06

5.03

Significant

2.65E-05

Table 12 presents the The computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the level of awareness on networking to the institution
of the CSWD and CICL, CICL and PNP, CSWD and COMMUNITY on the
implementation on the said programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at
95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there
is a significance difference between the level of awareness on networking to the
institution of the CSWD and PNP, COMMUNITY and CICL, PNP.
Moreover

3. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the respondents in the

implementation of intervention programs
Table 13
Degree of Seriousness on Lack of Funds

Degree of
Seriousness

Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.1

0.60

CICL

15

3.7

0.49

PNP

30

2.1

1.32

Much Serious
Very Much
Serious
Serious

Community

100

2.6

0.99

Much Serious

Total

165

2.7

1.06

Much Serious

Table 13 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on the intervention programs on Lack of funds of the City Social Welfare
and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict with law as perceived by the
CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the lack of funds on
CSWD has a mean score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of Much Serious. The
CICL has a mean score of 3.7, which has a verbal description of very Much Serious. The
PNP has a mean score of 2.1,which has a verbal description of Serious. The
COMMUNITY has a mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
lack of funds of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict with
the law has a grand mean of 2.7(Much Serious). This means, the CSWD should create
more
Table 14
Degree of Seriousness on Lack of Parental Support
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

Degree of
Seriousness

CSWD

20

2.9

0.49

Much Serious

CICL

15

3.1

0.46

Much Serious

PNP

30

2.1

1.24

Serious

Community

100

2.6

0.94

Much Serious

Total

165

2.6

0.96

Much Serious

Table 14 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on the intervention programs on Lack of Parental Support of the City Social
Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict with law as perceived by
the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the lack of parental
support on CSWD has a mean score of 2.9, which has a verbal description of Much
Serious. The CICL has a mean score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of Much
Serious. The PNP has a mean score of 2.1,which has a verbal description of Serious. The
COMMUNITY has a mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
lack of parental support of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in
conflict with the law has a grand mean of 2.6(Much Serious). This means, the CSWD
should create more

Table 15
Degree of Seriousness on Lack of Facilities
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

3.0

0.76

Degree of
Seriousness
Much Serious

CICL

15

3.1

0.59

Much Serious

PNP

30

2.2

1.19

Serious

Community

100

2.6

0.83

Much Serious

Total

165

2.6

0.91

Much Serious

Table 15 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on

the intervention programs on Lack of Facilities of the City Social

Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict with law as perceived by
the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the lack of facilities
on CSWD has a mean score of 3.0, which has a verbal description of Much Serious. The
CICL has a mean score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of Much Serious. The PNP
has a mean score of 2.2,which has a verbal description of Serious. The COMMUNITY
has a mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of Much Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
lack of facilities of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in conflict
with the law has a grand mean of 2.6(Much Serious). This means, the CSWD should
create more

Table 16
Degree of Seriousness on Inadequate Manpower in Handling CICL cases
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

2.9

0.88

Degree of
Seriousness
Much Serious

CICL

15

3.0

0.38

Much Serious

PNP

30

1.9

1.05

Serious

Community

100

2.3

0.85

Serious

Total

165

2.4

0.92

Serious

Table 16 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on the intervention programs on Inadequate Manpower in Handling CICL
cases of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict
with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the inadequate
manpower on CSWD has a mean score of 2.9, which has a verbal description of Much
Serious. The CICL has a mean score of 3.0, which has a verbal description of very Much
Serious. The PNP has a mean score of 1.9,which has a verbal description of Serious. The
COMMUNITY has a mean score of 2.3, which has a verbal description of Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
inadequate manpower of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce child in
conflict with the law has a grand mean of 2.4(Serious). This means, the CSWD should
create more

Table 17
Degree of Seriousness on No Immunity from suit for registered social welfare
Respondents

Sample Size

Mean

Std. Dev.

CSWD

20

2.9

0.67

Degree of
Seriousness
Much Serious

CICL

15

3.1

0.46

Much Serious

PNP

30

2.1

0.91

Serious

Community

100

2.4

0.83

Serious

Total

165

2.5

0.85

Serious

Table 17 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on the intervention programs on No Immunity from suit for registered social
welfare of the City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict
with law as perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the no immunity
from suit for registered social welfare on CSWD has a mean score of 2.9, which has a
verbal description of Much Serious. The CICL has a mean score of 3.1, which has a
verbal description of Much Serious. The PNP has a mean score of 2.1,which has a verbal
description of Serious. The COMMUNITY has a mean score of 2.4, which has a verbal
description of Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
no immunity from suit for registered social welfare of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and
community to reduce child in conflict with the law has a grand mean of 2.5(Serious). This
means, the CSWD should create more

Table 18
Degree of Seriousness on Procedures in Handling CICL cases
Degree of
Respondents
Sample Size
Mean
Std. Dev.
Seriousness
CSWD
20
2.9
0.75
Much Serious
CICL

15

3.1

0.64

Much Serious

PNP

30

3.2

0.89

Much Serious

Community

100

2.6

0.87

Much Serious

Total

165

2.8

0.87

Much Serious

Table 18 presents the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the

respondents on the intervention programs on procedures in handling cicl cases of the
City Social Welfare and Development in reducing cases of child in conflict with law as
perceived by the CSWD,CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY.
The degree of seriousness of problems of the respondents about the procedures in
handling cicl cases on CSWD has a mean score of 2.9, which has a verbal description of
Much Serious. The CICL has a mean score of 3.1, which has a verbal description of very
Much Serious. The PNP has a mean score of 3.2, which has a verbal description of
Serious. The COMMUNITY has a mean score of 2.6, which has a verbal description of
Much Serious.
Moreover, the grand means of the problems encountered by the respondents on
procedures in handling cicl cases of the CSWD, CICL,PNP, and community to reduce
child in conflict with the law has a grand mean of 2.8(Much Serious). This means, the
CSWD should create more

4. Significant difference in the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in

the intervention program
Table 19
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on
Lack of Funds
Differences

Analysis of
Variance

Pair-wise ttest,

Tukeys
Simultaneous

Significance
(95%

(ANOVA),
p-value
CSWD and
CICL
CSWD and
PNP
CICL and PNP
CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

p-value

Comparison,
t-value

Confidence)

.0703

1.82

Not significant

.0011

3.32

Significant

1.48E-06

5.00

Significant

.0931

1.69

Not significant

.0003

3.74

Significant

.0097

2.62

Significant

9.60E-06

Table 19 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on lack of funds of the
CSWD and CICL, COMMUNITY encountered on the said programs. The computed tvalue is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis
is therefore rejected , it means there is a significance difference between the degree of
seriousness on lack of funds of the CSWD and PNP,CICL and PNP, COMMUNITY and
CICL, PNP encountered on the said programs.

Table 20
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on Lack of
Parental Support

Differences
CSWD and
CICL

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.0041

.4955

0.68

Not significant

CSWD and
PNP

.0058

2.80

Significant

CICL and PNP

.0012

3.29

Significant

.2042

1.27

Not significant

.0505

1.97

Not significant

.0185

2.38

Significant

CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Table 20 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on lack of parental support
of the CSWD and CICL, COMMUNITY and CSWD, CICL encountered on the said
programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This
implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there is a significance
difference between the degree of seriousness on lack of parental support of the CSWD
and PNP,CICL and PNP, COMMUNITY and PNP encountered on the said programs.

Table 21
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on Lack of
Facilities

Differences
CSWD and
CICL

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.0066

.6998

0.39

Not significant

CSWD and
PNP

.0056

2.81

Significant

CICL and PNP

.0033

2.98

Significant

.0736

1.80

Not significant

.0401

2.07

Significant

.0778

1.77

Not significant

CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Table 21 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on lack of facilities of the
CSWD and CICL, CSWD and COMMUNITY, PNP and COMMUNITY encountered on
the said programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence.
This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there is a significance
difference between the degree of seriousness on lack of facilities of the CSWD and
PNP,CICL and PNP, CICL and COMMUNITY encountered on the said programs.

Table 22
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on
Inadequate Manpower in Handling CICL cases

Differences
CSWD and
CICL

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.0001

.6125

0.51

Not significant

CSWD and
PNP

.0003

3.67

Significant

CICL and PNP

.0001

3.90

Significant

.0079

2.69

Significant

.0031

3.00

Significant

.0561

1.92

Not significant

CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Table 22 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on inadequate manpower in
handling cicl cases of the CSWD and CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY encountered on the
said programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This
implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there is a significance
difference between the degree of seriousness on inadequate manpower in handling cicl
cases of the CSWD and PNP,CICL and PNP, COMMUNITY and CSWD, CICL
encountered on the said programs.

Table 23
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on No
Immunity from suit for Registered Social Welfare

Differences
CSWD and
CICL

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.0002

.4311

0.79

Not significant

CSWD and
PNP

.0009

3.38

Significant

CICL and PNP

.0001

3.93

Significant

.0389

2.08

Significant

.0055

2.82

Significant

.0270

2.23

Significant

CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Table 22 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on no immunity from suit
for registered social welfare of the CSWD and CICL encountered on the said programs.
The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence. This implies that the
null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there is a significance difference between
the degree of seriousness on no immunity from suit for registered social welfare of the
CSWD and PNP,CICL and PNP, COMMUNITY and CSWD, CICL, PNP encountered on
the said programs.

Table 24
Statistical Treatment for Significant Differences on Degree of Seriousness on
Procedures in Handling CICL cases

Differences
CSWD and
CICL

Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA),
p-value

Pair-wise ttest,
p-value

Tukeys
Simultaneous
Comparison,
t-value

Significance
(95%
Confidence)

.0042

.3271

0.98

Not significant

CSWD and
PNP

.1527

1.44

Not significant

CICL and PNP

.8030

0.25

Not significant

.2675

1.11

Not significant

.0294

2.20

Significant

.0012

3.30

Significant

CSWD and
Community
CICL and
Community
PNP and
Community

Table 24 presents the computed t-value is lower than the p-value at 95%
confidence. This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore accepted, it means there is
no significance difference between the degree of seriousness on procedures in handling
cicl cases of the CSWD and CICL, PNP, COMMUNITY, CICL and PNP encountered on
the said programs. The computed t-value is greater than the p-value at 95% confidence.
This implies that the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, it means there is a significance
difference between the degree of seriousness on procedures in handling cicl cases of the
COMMUNITY and CICL, PNP encountered on the said programs.

5. Proposed action plan to address the problems encountered

Table
Action Plan
Problems
Inadequate Manpower in
handling CICL cases

Strategy

Activity

No immunity from suit for

registered social welfare
Lack of parental support
Lack of facilities
Lack of funds
Procedures in handling
CICL cases

Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This Chapter summarizes the study by highlighting the research conducted on the
topic. The conclusion will draw from the outcomes of the research. Moreover,
recommendation will base from the findings and conclusion of the study.
Summary of the findings
Base from the data gathered, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by the
researchers, the summary of the findings is as follows:
1. Level of awareness of the respondent regarding the implementation of
intervention programs to reduce cases of CICL.
The level of awareness of CSWD, CICL, PNP and COMMUNITY on counseling
has a mean of 3.1, which has a verbal description of much aware. The financial
assistance has a mean of 2.6, which has a verbal description of much aware. The
psychological evaluation has a mean of 2.8, which has a verbal description of much
aware. The legal assistance has a mean of 2.8, which has a verbal description much
aware. The networking to the institution has a mean of 2.8, which has a verbal
description of much aware. The community outreach has a mean of 3.0, which has a
verbal description of much aware. Moreover, the overall grand mean on the level of
awareness of the intervention programs by the respondents is 2.8, which has a verbal
description of much aware.

2. Significant difference in the level of awareness regarding the intervention

programs

3. Degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the respondents in the

implementation of intervention programs.
The degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the CSWD, CICL, PNP
and COMMUNITY on lack of funds has a grand mean of 2.7, which has a verbal
description of much serious. The lack of parental support has a grand mean of 2.6,
which has a verbal description of much serious. The lack of facilities has a grand
mean of 2.6, which has a verbal description of much serious. The inadequate
manpower in handling CICL cases has a grand mean of 2.4, which has a verbal
description of serious. The no immunity from suit for registered social welfare has a
grand mean of 2.5, which has a verbal description of much serious. The procedures in
handling CICL cases has a grand mean of 2.8, which has a verbal description of much
serious. Moreover, the overall grand mean of the problems encountered by the
respondents is 2.6, which has a verbal description of much serious.
4. Significant difference in the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in
the intervention program

Conclusion

The conclusion was able to arrive at this conclusion based on the findings of the
study.
1. The CSWD` conclusion on the counseling is very much aware, the financial assistance
is much aware, the psychological evaluation is much aware, the legal assistance is much
aware, the networking to the institution is much aware, the community outreach is much
aware. The CICL`s conclusion on the counseling is very much aware, the financial
assistance is much aware, the psychological evaluation is much aware, the legal
assistance is much aware, the networking to the institution is much aware, the community
outreach is much aware. The PNP` conclusion on the counseling is very much aware, the
financial assistance is aware, the psychological evaluation is much aware, the legal
assistance is much aware, the networking to the institution is much aware, the community
outreach is very much aware. The COMMUNITY conclusion on the counseling is very
much aware, the financial assistance is much aware, the psychological evaluation is
aware, the legal assistance is aware, the networking to the institution is much aware, the
community outreach is much aware.
2. The respondent`s conclusion between the
3. The respondent`s conclusion on the problems encountered of the intervention programs
in reducing cases was lack of parental support, no immunity in handling CICL cases, and
procedures in handling CICL cases. This is the reasons why some juvenile

Implication of the Study in the Criminal Justice Education

This research on the assessment of the effectiveness of intervention program at
City Social Welfare and Development Office will serve as a reference and guidance to the

students, government and community. This study will help the students to be aware of the
programs, laws and policies that can help and protect them as a part of the society and
also be aware of the sanctions and punishments they can have if abide the laws. To the
government, this study will give them addition insights on how they can improve and
apply the proper strategies in preparing their employees in the intervention programs. It
will serve as a basis to the people working in the government who want to know about
this program. To the community, this study will help the society to become more aware
and updated to what is happening in their communities. It will increase their knowledge
about their people because of this program. It will improve their camaraderie with people
in the society by helping each other to become more aware about the intervention
program. This study will also help the youth to become open-minded and be a good role
model to the upcoming generations.
Recommendation
After a thorough analysis of data, the following recommendations are hereby made:
1. The CSWDO under the government of the Tarlac City should provide additional
information to the employees to maintain the awareness and effectiveness of the
intervention programs.
2. The CSWDO under the government of the Tarlac City should provide better
facilities for the youth to separate them to the adult offenders.
3. The CSWDO under the government of the Tarlac City should provide more funds
to accommodate the needs of the children who encountered problems.
4. The CSWDO under the government of the Tarlac City should include to the youth
in their counseling and encourage them to do good acts.

5. The CSWDO under the government of the Tarlac City should conduct a seminar
for the parents regarding their responsibilities towards their children.
6. The Community should be aware on the following programs: Counseling,
Financial Assistance, Psychological Evaluation, Legal Assistance, Networking to
the Institution and Community Outreach.
7. The students should be aware on the sanctions and punishments they may have if
they will not abide the laws.
8. The Future Researchers should conduct another research about the intervention
programs in order to determine the reason why some juveniles commit crimes and
what are the possible effects of the intervention programs at CSWDO in Tarlac
City.