Actix Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network PDF

Tr ou ble sh oot ing a n d Opt im izin g
UM TS N e t w or k
Actix Education Services
April 2006
All contents of this document are the property of Actix and are provided for information
purposes only. The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Actix will not be held liable for technical or editorial omissions made herein, and will not
be held liable for incidental, consequential or other similar damages resulting from the
use of its products.
Copyright Actix 2006. All Rights Reserved
Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop
Con t e n t s
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5
SCOPE OF THE COURSE ................................................................................................................................. 5
WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS TRAINING COURSE?.......................................................................................... 6
PREREQUISITES ............................................................................................................................................ 6
TOPICS TO BE COVERED ............................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................................................. 9
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK DEPLOYMENT ............................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................................ 11
SCANNER THRESHOLDS, PREFERENCE & ATTRIBUTES .............................................................................. 11
UE THRESHOLDS, PREFERENCE & ATTRIBUTES ........................................................................................ 15
ATTRIBUTES .............................................................................................................................................. 23
EXERCISE 1: EXAM YOUR OWN DATA (ATTRIBUTES) ............................................................................... 31
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................................ 32
SITE AND CLUSTER INTEGRATION ............................................................................................................. 32
INTEGRATION PRE-REQUISITES ................................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER 4................................................................................................................................................ 36
SITE INTEGRATION .................................................................................................................................... 36
POST PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS USING ACTIX SOFTWARE .................................................................... 38
EXAMPLE: HOW TO DETERMINE HARDWARE PROBLEM OR CROSSFEEDER DURING SITE INTEGRATION? . 39
EXERCISE 2: SITE INTEGRATION ................................................................................................................ 46
CHAPTER 5................................................................................................................................................ 47
CLUSTER INTEGRATION ............................................................................................................................. 47
FIRST DRIVE TEST: SC SCAN AND DEDICATED MODE ................................................................................ 49
IMPORTANT CRITERIA FOR CLUSTER INTEGRATION .................................................................................. 52
MISSING NEIGHBOURS ............................................................................................................................... 58
MISSING NEIGHBOURS ATTRIBUTES .......................................................................................................... 69
SCANNER BASED NETWORK ROLLOUT ANALYSES: NEIGHBOUR LIST ANALYSIS ..................................... 71
INTERFERENCE FACTOR (F FACTOR) ......................................................................................................... 74
F FACTOR REPORT ..................................................................................................................................... 77
EXAMPLE: COVERAGE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 78
EXAMPLE: CPICH POLLUTION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 80
SECOND DRIVE TEST: DEDICATED MODE WITH SC SCANNING ................................................................. 83
TYPES OF DROPS (RADIO AND NON-RADIO RELATED):............................................................................. 86
EXAMPLE: DROPPED CALL ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 89
EXAMPLE: CALL SETUP FAILURE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 91
EXIT CRITERION DRIVE TEST .................................................................................................................... 93
EXERCISE 3: CLUSTER INTEGRATION ......................................................................................................... 96
SITE INTEGRATION IN INTEGRATED CLUSTER............................................................................................. 97
CHAPTER 6................................................................................................................................................ 98
CELL RESELECTION ................................................................................................................................... 98
RESELECTION CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................ 99
MEASUREMENT RULES ............................................................................................................................ 100
INTRA FREQUENCY SOFT HANDOVER ...................................................................................................... 101
HANDOVER ATTRIBUTES AND RELATED EVENTS .................................................................................... 105
HANDOFF ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................ 108

EXERCISE 4: HANDOVER ......................................................................................................................... 111
CHAPTER 7.............................................................................................................................................. 112
REPORT.................................................................................................................................................... 112
EXERCISE 5: SINGLE FILE REPORT TEMPLATE ......................................................................................... 113
WHERE TO GET MORE HELP............................................................................................................ 116
HELP FILE ................................................................................................................................................ 116
TECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................................... 118
APPENDIX A UMTS EVENT DEFINITIONS .................................................................................. 119
Introduction
Scope of the course
Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network workshop provides a
comprehensive overview of the integration and radio optimisation procedure
for WCDMA networks making use of the Actix Analyzer. Our goal is to give
new users an understanding of what Analyzer can do and how it can help
them improve the quality of service for their network subscribers. Advanced
users will be introduced to Analyzer features they may not know about and
to new network applications that can be performed using Analyzer. The
instructors for this course are experts in optimising 3G networks and are
familiar with the challenges faced by engineers using measurement and postprocessing software.
Class size is limited to ensure that everyone receives extensive one on one
instruction. Participants are given ample opportunity to ask questions
relevant to their particular optimization needs. Upon completing the course,
participants will be able to use what they learned in class to identify and
solve real network problems.
Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network workshop begins with a highlevel presentation of the Analyzer interface and its capabilities. We will then
cover how Analyzer can be customized to tailor existing optimization
processes to the specific needs of the participants. We will try to establish
procedures and create Analyzer customized solutions for these procedures
Who should attend this training course?

Engineers responsible for enhancing cellular performance and
implementing wireless system optimization.
System Performance Engineers responsible for measuring and
quantifying network quality relative to competitors and/or
established benchmarks.
Engineers looking to further understand the application of drive
test, call trace and protocol data in optimizing networks.
Experienced technicians involved in field optimization.
Anyone looking to maximize the return on investment in Actix
software.
Prerequisites
Familiarity with network infrastructure and operation of the air
interface.
A general understanding of drive test and call trace collection
and post-processing methodology and advantages/limitations
with each dataset.
Access to Actix software.
Basic computer literacy, including familiarity with Windows and
MS Office applications.
A computer meeting optimal (or at least minimum)

requirements:
Hardware
Optimal
Performance
Minimal
Performance
Processor:
P4 2.6 GHz
Pentium II 440 MHz
1 GB
256 MB
60+ GB Available
1 GB Available
1280x1024
64k colour resolution
1024x768
256 colour resolution
Memory (RAM)
Disk Space
Monitor
CD-ROM drive
One parallel port
To install the application

For single-use hardware key
Mouse and keyboard
Yes
In addition to the hardware requirements listed above, the Actix

platform performs best when the Windows Virtual Memory Paging size
is set to between 1000 and 1500 MB. The method for setting this
parameter varies by operating system. Please consult your OS help for
specific instructions regarding this parameter.
Topics to be covered
Configuring your workspace, including map, cell site, and
parameter configuration in order to display your geographic
area and network cell plan.
Viewing data in a variety of ways to gain insight into possible
network problems.
Diagnosing and solving quality of service problems with drive
test and switch data.
Using pre-defined and custom analyses to analyze data and
devise tailored optimization solutions.
Identifying the impact of wide area network optimization

changes in terms of Quality of Service, using advanced features
to develop optimization process and procedures.
Using some of the latest engineering processes, which highlight
how to fine tune network performance and further enhance
quality of service.
Using the Help options and maximizing the benefit of technical
support.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Network Deployment
The common practice for Network Deployment is shown below:
Service Definition and

QoS Requirements
Link budget
establishment and
Nominal design
Deployment activities
(site acquisition, civil
works, installation etc)
Design Validation
Site and Cluster

Integration
KPI Definition and

Tracking
Ongoing optimization
= Ongoing Optimization of
Growing and mature network
Network Design Validation

Design validation is executed on the first cluster(s) of a new area
where 3G is deployed. The aim of the validation is to approve the
link budget and eventually to change or update that link budget
with some radio engineering measurement quantities which can be
typical for a certain region.
Site Integration
Site integration is performed to test how well Node B is functioning,
hardware (e.g. installation of aerials and cabling), and software
(e.g. correct parameters downloaded and connection with RNC
functions). A drive test can be conducted where scanner and trace
mobile are used to verify if node B is functioning well.
Cluster Integration
Cluster integration is performed to maximize the coverage in the
cluster with the available sites. When performing on an unloaded
network, cluster integration is coverage based. After the initial
tuning (cluster integration), ongoing optimization tasks, such as
Dedicated Drive Test (dedicated mode with SC scanning) will be
performed. The network deployment activities will deal with real
traffic KPI s, and trouble tickets will be raised if necessary.
Ongoing Optimization
The ongoing optimization is performed on the growing and mature
network to assure best quality of the network. Tracking and
defining the optimum KPIs will be the key tasks in fine tuning and
optimizing the network. If a new site or cluster is required, the site
and cluster integration phases will be repeated.
10
Chapter 2
Scanner Thresholds, Preference & Attributes
Thresholds are user-definable values that can be used as constants in event
detection and queries. For example: Uu_Scan_Poor_RSCP_Threshold
defines the minimum value which the RSCP signal is considered to be poor.
This threshold has a default value of -95 dBm, but users can change this to
any other value. Using a threshold (rather than a hard-coded value) in
queries and event diagrams makes it is easy to adjust them for individual
requirements.
Tools
Display Thresholds
UMTS
Scan_Coverage
Scanner Thresholds
Uu_Scan_PilotPollutionThreshold (Scanner Pilot Pollution)
Recommended value is -15 dB and value should vary between -10 and
-18 dB. By changing this threshold value, it will directly affect the
Uu_Scan_PilotPollution attribute.
Uu_Scan_TooManyServersThreshold (Scanner Too Many Server
Event)
Recommended value is 5 dB and value should vary between 1 and 10
dB. By changing this threshold value, it will directly affect the
Uu_Scan_TooManyServers attribute.
11
Scanner Attributes (Coverage Related Events)

Uu_Scan_PilotPollution (Pilot Pollution)
Actix Software s event detection allows you to visualize pilot pollution
on a map with drive test scanner data. The pilot pollution event occurs
when 4 or more pilots with Ec/Io greater than
Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold are can be seen.
Uu_Scan_TooManyServer (Too Many Servers)

Due to UMTS uses relative levels to evaluate additions/removals to the
active set. Actix Software has a different event that allows the
engineer to visualize pilot pollution relative to the best server. The
Too Many Servers event behaves similarly like the pilot pollution
event except with relative levels. The event occurs when 4 or more
pilots with Ec/No within Uu_Scan_TooManyServersThreshold dB of
the best server (CPICH_Scan_EcIo_SortedBy_EcIo [0]).
Other Information Attributes (Emulated Active Set Module)

EventCellAddition
EventCellRemoval
EcIo_in_ActiveSet
EcIo_in_MonitoredSet
CPICH Pollution Analysis and Handoff Analysis are both based on a

calculated Active Set, which is determined by the Emulated Active Set
module. The Emulated Active Set module implements the 3GPP
handoff algorithm and uses scanner Ec/Io measurements in
conjunction with user-specific 3GPP handoff thresholds to emulate the
Active Set at each point along a drive test.
12
A sample set of scanner data for three SCs with individual colour and
vertical lines indicating transitions of pilots into and out of the Active
Set is shown below:
Using Scanner Ec/Io measurements to implement 3GPP handoff algorithms

for the Active Set
Scanner Preferences
The WCDMA options within the General Settings group in the Tool
Preferences dialog control the simulated active set feature. When this
feature is selected, Analyzer calculates a UMTS simulated active set from
the scanner data, as it envisages the handset would see it. You can
configure the simulated active set and specify the maximum size of the
simulated active set in the range 1 8. The simulated active set feature was
useful in the early days of WCDMA technology, when logging devices were
not readily available. Now that they are available, you may want to turn off
the feature.
13
Setting 3GPP handoff algorithm attributes including Reporting Range:

Hysteresis Event and Time to Trigger Event
The parameters depicted in the picture are based on the WCDMA events
defined in the 3GPP TR 25.922 V4.1.0 (2001- 09) Radio Resource
Management Strategies specification.
Max. Active Set Size (up to 8) specifies the maximum size of the Active
Set (1-8).
Disable active set simulation.
Select this check box to turn off the active set simulation feature. This will
usually give faster file loading times and will mean that the lines to cells
feature in the map will be based on the measured SC (if it's available)
rather than the simulated active set. This option is off (deselected) by
default.
14
UE Thresholds, Preference & Attributes

UE Thresholds
Tools
Display Thresholds
UMTS
UE_Coverage
Uu_EcNoInterferenceThreshold (System Interference)

-18 dB.
Uu_RSCP_InterferenceThreshold (System Interference)
Recommended value is -80 dBm and value should vary between -60
and -90 dBm
Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold (Coverage Limited, Poor Downlink and
Poor Uplink Coverage)
-18 dB
Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold (Coverage Limited, Poor Downlink and
Poor Uplink Coverage)
Recommended value is -95 dBm and value should vary between -85
and -105 dBm
Uu_HighUE_TxPower (Poor Uplink Coverage)
Recommended value is 15 dBm and value should vary between 0 and
25 dBm
Uu_LowUE_TxPower (Poor Downlink Coverage)
Recommended value is -15 dBm and value should vary between 0 and
-30 dBm
Uu_CoverageLimitedUE_TxPowerThreshold (Coverage Limited)
Recommended value is 10 dBm and value should vary between 0 and
25 dBm
15
Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold (Pilot Pollution)

-18 dB
Uu_CallSetupFailure_Num_RRCConnReq (Call Setup Failure
event)
Recommended value is 3 and value should vary between 1 and 5
Uu_CallSetupFailure_TimeDelay (Call Setup Failure event)
Recommended value is 2 and value should vary between 1 and 45
seconds
Uu_TooManyServersThreshold (Too Many Server event)
Recommended value is 5 dB and value should vary between 1 and 10
dB
Uu_t309_wait_timer (CellChangeOrderfromUTRAN process)
Recommended value is 5000ms (5Sec) and value should vary between
5000 and 10000.
Uu_ReEstablishment_wait_timer (Reestablishment process)
Recommended value is 0ms and value should vary between 0 and
15000
Note: Zero = disables this feature.
Uu_wait_timer_complete (Change Reconfig process)
Recomended value is 8000ms (8Sec) and value should vary between 0
and 15000
Note: Zero = disables this feature.
16
UE Attributes (Coverage Related Events)

Uu_SystemInterference (System Interference)
The system interference event occurs when the
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet is less than Uu_EcNoInterferenceThreshold
(in dB) and the CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet is greater than
Uu_RSCP_InterferenceThreshold (in dBm).
Example of system interference before a dropped call
Uu_PoorUL_Coverage (Poor Uplink Coverage)

The poor uplink coverage event occurs when the
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet is greater than Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold and
the CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet is greater than
Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold and UeTransmittedPower is greater than
Uu_HighUE_TxPower threshold.
Example of poor uplink coverage before a dropped call
17
Uu_PoorDL_Coverage (Poor Downlink Coverage)

The poor downlink coverage event occurs when the
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet is less than Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold and
the CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet is less than Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold
and the UeTransmittedPower is less than Uu_LowUE_TxPower
threshold.
Example of poor downlink coverage before a dropped call
Uu_CoverageLimited (Coverage Limited)

The coverage limited event occurs when the CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet
is less than Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold and the
CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet is less than Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold and
the UeTransmittedPower is greater than
Uu_CoverageLimitedUE_TxPowerThreshold.
Example of coverage limited problem before a dropped call
18
Uu_PilotPollution (Pilot Pollution)

Actix Software s event detection allows you to visualize pilot pollution
on a map with drive test data. The pilot pollution event occurs when 4
or more pilots with Ec/No greater than Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold are
in the active or monitored set.
Look at each SC and try to find out what is the best way to optimize
the area. See the training document for a full detailed description on
optimization techniques.
Example of pilot pollution before a dropped call
19
Uu_TooManyServer (Too Many Servers)

Due to UMTS uses relative levels to evaluate additions/removals to the
active set, RVS has a different event that allows the engineer to
visualize pilot pollution relative to the best server. The Too Many
Servers event acts like the pilot pollution event except with relative
levels. The event occurs when 4 or more pilots with Ec/No within
Uu_TooManyServersThreshold dB of the best server
(Uu_ActiveSet_EcNo_0) are in the active or monitored set.
Look at each SC and try to find out what is the best way to optimize
the area. See the training document for a full detailed description on
optimization techniques.
Example of too many servers around a dropped call
20
UE Attributes (System Related Events)

Uu_HandoverProblem (Handover Problems)
Actix Software s event detection allows you to visualize handover
problems on a map with drive test data. The handover problem event
works as follows:
o Event detection looks for a dropped call or call setup failure
o It counts the number of times when the first best SC in the
Monitored set is stronger than the first best SC in the Active set,
within an 8-second window leading up to the drop.
o If that number is greater than the number of times the Active
set is stronger than the Monitored set, it sets a Handover
problem (assuming we have no Active set update messages)
Example of handover problems before a dropped call
21
Uu_MissingNeighbour (Missing Neighbours)

Actix Software s event detection allows you to visualize missing
neighbour on a map with drive test data. The missing neighbour event
occurs when a particular SC is not in the neighbour list and forces the
call to drop.
The following procedure is followed to trigger the event:
o When the drop call occurs, a specific function looks for the next
origination and gets the value of the new SC in the active set. If
the new SC is different from the SC s in the active set before the
call dropped, the function looks for the last neighbour list before
the call dropped. If that same neighbour list does not contain
the new SC, it is a possible missing neighbour.
So, in other words:

If (SC in active set after drop call) <> (SC s in active set before
drop call and Neighbour list before drop call) then missing
neighbour
Of course, in this case, the engineer needs to understand the
coverage issues. If the new SC is not meant to cover the specific
area, optimization is probably the best solution and the engineer
should not add the specific neighbour.
Example of missing neighbour before a dropped call
22
Attributes
It is important to differentiate between the scanner and UE attributes. Upon
loading a UMTS data file, several data groups are created for each device
contained in the file.
The UE (Samsung Mobile in above example) provides real measured values,

while the scanner (Agilent in above example) provides measurements from
all scanned SCs. The active and monitored set information in the following
example are simulated, based on thresholds which are set in the
Tools
preferences.
Different UE s provides different Attributes. Some provides trace mobiles log
data such as BLER, but others don t. The presented attributes under the UE
group are the ones provided by the UE manufacturer. Note that the UE call
trace attributes sometimes do not contain what you expect.
For example: The Samsung mobile gives attributes on monitored, detected
and active set count. These are not totally correct by just taken from the
amount of measurements in the uplink measurement report.
23
Example
Example below shows that measurements obtained from an uplink
measurement report might not be always correct. A measurement report
gives measurement information on all detected SC of the combined
neighbour list.
Screenshot below shows that the attribute is not giving the expected data.
On the measurement point the active set count is 6 (impossible).
The following tips should be considered when measuring the network:

Always use the same trace mobiles
Make sure all attributes you use contain the information you want
Filter out the non-diagnostic attributes or attributes which are
meaningless to you
24
UMTS Handset Data Groups in Actix Software

Upon loading a UMTS handset file, note that several data
groups are created. These data groups are common in
Analyzer to all UMTS handset files, regardless of data
collection vendor. Each group will appear as long as at least
one parameter within that group was collected by the device.
The following data groups are created under the UMTS node:
Downlink Measurements
This group contains Uu interface
measurements reported by the mobile.
Pilot Measurements
This group contains signal
strength measurements for
individual SCs detected within the
logfile.
Dedicated Radio Link

Once a call has been established,
parameters that are associated
with the SCs serving the call,
such as Handoff State, are
contained here.
25
Uu_RRC
Radio Resource Control is the protocol
layer governing air interface
communication within the UMTS
network. Parameters associated with
protocol messaging can be found in this
group.
Event Data
Call events triggered by the current state
of the UMTS mobile. If an event is not
present in the tree, it did not occur in the
file. This group also contains events with
user-definable thresholds, such as
Uu_PilotPollution and
Uu_CoverageLimited.
Statistics Data
This group contains statistics calculated based on UMTS protocol messaging,
including Call Duration and timing components of Call Setup Time.
Vendor Specific
This group contains parameters
unique to a specific type of data
collection equipment.
Rake Finger Measurements This
group (Qualcomm chipset handsets
only) provides individual finger
measurements, including multipath measurements for the same
SC.
26
UMTS Scanner Data Groups in Actix Software

Due to the nature of the coding scheme in a UMTS system, scanner data is
an invaluable tool for detecting problems in the network. Because SCs are
reused across a UMTS network with a much lower frequency than in an
FDMA/TDMA network, each SC scan can be directly linked to a particular
site or sector in the network.
The following data groups are created under the scanner stream:
Other
This group contains scanner
measurements concerning RSSI, Chip
Offset, Carrier Error and the Scan
Code Group.
Nth Best
This node contains ranked
measurements for EcNo, RSCP, SC
and PathLoss. Within each group, the
0 element contains the best
performing data. For example,
CPICH_Scan_EcIo_SortedBy_EcNo_0
gives the strongest EcNo of all SCs
scanned.
Ec/Io
This group contains the interferenceto-chip-energy measurements
organized by various dimensions.
RSCP
This group contains the Received Signal Code Power organized by various
dimensions.
Delay
Find the CPICH Scan Delay Spread for each SC in this group.
27
Pilot Measurements
Find the CPICH PathLoss for each SC in
this group.
Active Set
This group contains simulated Active
Set measurements based on scanner
data and the user-defined WCDMA
settings in the
Tools
Preferences dialog.
Monitored Set
This group contains simulated Monitored Set measurements based on
scanner data and the user-defined WCDMA settings in the
Tools
Preferences dialog.
Event Data
Events in this group are based on the simulated Active Set and Monitored Set
SCs based on scanner data and user defined thresholds set under WCDMA in
the Tools
Preferences dialog.
28
Technology- Independent Data

Under the Independent folder, you may find some technology independent
parameters decoded in Actix Software such as GPS measurements, devicespecific data, and internal Analyzer messages:
GPS Data
This group contains mobile longitude, latitude,
distance traveled, and speed.
Message Info
The date and time for the start of the data stream can
be found in this group. This information is useful
when building report templates.
Site Data Node

If a cell site database is being used in the Analyzer,
the software will automatically calculate these
measurements that take both the drive and the cell
site information into account. Some of the
measurements contained here are:
ServingCellDistance
Distance (in meters) to the serving sector
NeighborCellDistance
Distance(in meters), to non-primary serving
sectors
29
File Info
In this node find label and timestamp
information for the logfile under investigation.
Device Info
This group contains settings for the mobile
device on which data is logged.
Vendor Specific
Vendor Specific measurements may be grouped here or under the UMTS
node. In either case, this group provides measurements specific to the
particular collection device used.
30
Exercise 1: Exam Your Own Data (Attributes)

Exam these attributes from your UE and scanner logfiles by displaying them
on a map, tables or charts:
Exam the attributes from the UE and scanner

Find out the interaction between the values under tab Nth best and
Ec/Io
31
Chapter 3
Site and Cluster Integration

This chapter explains what the radio engineering tasks are and the tests to
be performed during site and cluster integration. This includes the phase
between site commissioning and site for commercial use. This RF
intervention (initial tuning and optimization) happens after the design part
and before the ongoing optimization phase:
Detailed Radio
Design using
Planning Tool
Software
Initial Tuning and

Optimization:
Site and Cluster
I ntegration
Performance
Engineering
and Ongoing
Optimization
Site Integration
Site integration is performed to test the well functioning of the Node B,
hardware (e.g. installation of aerials and cabling), and software (e.g.
correct parameters downloaded, connection with RNC functioning).
Cluster Integration
Cluster integration is performed to maximize the coverage in the cluster
with the available sites.
Cluster integration is coverage based and as such it is performed in an
unloaded network.
After cluster integration (initial tuning), ongoing optimization tasks will be
performed. These actions are based upon (real) traffic KPI s and eventually
trouble tickets.
If a new site is needed, the steps in site integration will be repeated.
32
Integration Pre- Requisites

Before you start to integrate a site or/and a cluster, the following roll-out
procedure should be performed and make sure the site and integration
information documentation is available. This section elaborates how a site
and cluster is integrated (from the beginning to the end of roll-out process).
It also defines the integration pre-requisites and how the integration is
triggered or performed.
1. Roll- out Procedure

The following definitions and requirements should be taken into account in
the roll-out procedure:
a) Cluster definition
Cluster definition is performed at the stage of network design and according
to the rules and thresholds coming from the link budget analysis. In general
clusters will contain between 15 and 20 sites.
b) Radio Site definition

This step is taken place before the site construction begins. The radio
engineer will define the initial site configuration and decide on the followings:
Node B type
Sector definition
Antenna type per sector
Azimuths and tilts per sector
Initial CPICH power setting
Antenna heights and cable lengths
Additional radio equipment (boosters, MHA, combiners, etc)
The site will be constructed and implemented according to these definitions.
It is important to keep track of this information and check the integrated site
against these site definitions.
33
c) Data build
The RF part of the data build can be prepared just after the installation and
measurement of the radio chain of the site. In this stage the following data
needs to be prepared for each cell:
Scrambling Code (from planning tool )
Cell Id (from local rule)
Local Cell Id (can be equal to Cell Id)
SAC (service area code) (can be equal to Cell Id)
LAC (location area code)
RAC (routing area code)
CPICH power (set to 30dBm at TMA level per default)
Cable loss (from installation measurements)
2. Site and Cluster Integration Information Documents

Before you start to integrate a site and cluster, the following documentation
should be available on the cluster:
a) Simulation results on final design of the cluster (all sites in
nominal plan):
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/Io
Pilot Pollution
Overlap
b) Simulation results on detailed design:
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/Io
Pilot Pollution
Overlap
c) Simulation results on individual sites:
CPICH RSCP
d) Initial 3G-3G neighbour plan:
performed in planning tool according to local neighbour
planning guidelines
At this point, the design will be pre-optimized for coverage. It is clear that
the design will not completely fulfill the coverage objectives of the cluster if
not all planned sites are ready for integration. These simulations will help
you (RF engineer) to detect trouble areas in the cluster where you should
be focus on during cluster integration.
34
Trigger for site integration

The trigger for site integration can be given site per site after installation.
Site integration process, as described further in this training course will
lead to cluster integration.
Trigger for cluster integration
The trigger for cluster integration is given on a per cluster basis. Cluster
integration can start when all sites in cluster for which detailed design is
performed which have had a successful site integration. Any site reaching
the status of ready to build , but not previously included in the frozen
detailed design, will only be considered in a later phase when it is decided
to retune the cluster (see later).
35
Chapter 4
Site Integration
Purpose of Drive Test
When a single site or a new site is integrated, it is important to
complete the I&C tests (on-line commissioning tests mainly). This
verification shall be done by performing some drive tests around each
site clockwise and anti-clockwise at 25-35 percent of the expected cell
range (50m 100m in build up area). A scanner and a trace mobile are
used to verify if Node B is functioning well.
Drive Tests
Traces are collected from the scanner and the mobiles using any
measurement data collection tool.
First analysis is done live on the measurement trace tool. Post
processing is done with Analyzer by an optimization engineer.
The purpose of the site verification is NOT to propose optimization
changes for the aerial system or to propose new parameter settings.
At this stage, the neighbour planning is not complete and the cluster is
not completely build.
36
Site I ntegration Procedure
A) Node B installation check

The purpose of Node B Installation check is to ensure the Node
B is installed and integrated correctly. The focus will be on the
following points:
Node B up and running; NO ALARMS
Feeders connected correctly
Antenna clearance OK
B) Drive test procedure
Choose position in the middle of cell 1 (main beam of antenna)
at max 100m (in car or outdoor).
Start up UE and scanner logging tool and start logfile
Setup CS voice call or CS video call to test number
Go (drive) to middle of cell 2, clockwise and check:
o SHO functionality (link addition and link removal)
o CPICH RSCP (should be > -70 dBm when outdoor; in the
middle of the main beam of the antenna; and line of site.
o UE TX pwr (should remain below 0 dBm all the time when
outdoor, )
o Cell ID (should be the planned one for the SC
Terminate CS call and setup new call
Go to cell 3 and verify identical parameters
Stop and restart CS call and go to cell 1 while checking the
same parameters
Redo the procedure counter clockwise but with continuous call
Setup PS call (ftp download of 10 Mb file) and drive clockwise
route
37
Post Processing and Analysis Using Actix Software

With all the information gathered during the drive test, we can now using
Actix Software to analyze the following information to determine if any
hardware problem or installation issues occur:
SHO functionality (RL addition and deletion in both directions)
Call setup on each cell
Normal output power behaviour (roughly)
Crossed feeders (through SC) and correct identifier parameters
(Cell ID)
Antenna orientation
PS throughput
MHA functionality
The following information mentioned above can be obtained by
examining and analyzing the attributes using Actix Software.
1. All Radio Information (RF Condition)
Active Set
RSCP (Scanner and UE)
EcIo (Scanner and UE)
UE TxPower
2. Call Event
CS Event
PS Event
3 . MHA Malfunction
Conclude if Malfunction is due to high UL Tx Power
4. Site Integration Report
If all the attributes is OK, the site is considered verified and can be
included in the cluster optimization phase. Follow by that, a site
integration report should be created with the following information:
Test result summary
Coverage plots of each cell
Parameter summary
38
Example:
How to Determine Hardware Problem or Crossfeeder
During Site Integration?
The following example demonstrates how to determine hardware problem
or crossfeeder during site integration. After taking the measurements from
a site integration drive test, the optimization engineer will check the
measured data for the following conditions:
1. RF Condition
a) Active Set
By examining the Active Set attributes, you can find out the answers
of the following questions:
Are the correct Scrambling codes implemented on each cell
compared with the data fill values?
Are all intra-site SHO working, i.e. active set updates in both
directions: addition and deletion?
Screen Layout of Active Set (UE and Scanner) and Tx Power
39
Good Practice: Screen layouts are very useful to have an immediate view of
how well a site is functioning. The screen shots from previous page shows:
Information to look for
Attribute
Site environment & parameter
Display new map to view all available

sites
Active set size, simulated from

scanner
Uu_SimulatedActiveSet_EcIo_0;
Uu_SimulatedActiveSet_Count
(if you want to know the count)
Active set size from UE
Uu_ActiveSet_EcN0
UL Tx power
UE_TxPow
b) RSCP (scanner/mobile) for all SC of Node B
By displaying the Serving SC information (from UE and Scanner) on maps,

you can quickly determine if any cross feeder (where dominant SC not in its
supposed best server area) occurs. By displaying the EcIo and RSCP
information from scanner, you ll obtain an overview of the quality and
coverage of your network.
Screen Layout of RSCP and EcIo of UE and Scanner
40
The screenshot from the previous page shows:

Attribute
Serving SC from UE
Uu_ActiveSet_SC_0
Best SC from Scanner
CPICH_Scan_RSCP_For_SC_xxx
Best EcIo from scanner
CPICH_Scan_EcIo_SortedBy_EcIo_0
Best RSCP from scanner
CPICH_Scan_RSCP_SortedBy_EcIo_0
Things to be considered:
Is the CPICH RSCP a normal value?
Should it be better than -70 dBm, close to the site (< 150m)
and outdoor?
Is the CPICH Ec/Io a normal value?
Should it be better than -8 dB, close to the site (< 150m) and
outdoor?
c) Ec/Io (scanner/mobile) for all SC of Node
By displaying the EcIo information from UE and scanner, you ll obtain

an overview of the quality of your network. (See example above).
Thing to be considered:
Is the CPICH Ec/Io a normal value?
Should it be better than -8 dB if it is close to the site (< 150m)
and outdoor?
d) UE TX power
By displaying the UE TxPower information on a map, it will quickly and

easily detect any hardware or installation issue on the downlink path
(from Power Amplifier to antenna positioning). The view immediately
shows that there are problems with this site.
Thing to be considered:
Is the UE Tx Power a normal value?
Should it be less than 0 dBm if it is close to the site (< 150m)
and outdoor.
Note: If there are some points above 0 dBm, it may be a mobile
issue or an issue on the Uplink path.
41
2. Call events
By displaying the Call Events attributes, such as outgoing call, drop call, and
call setup failures, you can obtain the following information:
Call Setup Status
PS Throughput
CrossFeeder
If issues occur, it is possibly come from the Node B (hardware) or from the
CS core side.
Attribute
Serving SC from UE
Uu_ActiveSet_SC_0
Out Going Call OK
Uu_OutgoingCall_OK
Call Setup Failure
Uu_CallSetup_Failure
Drop Calls
Uu_CallDropped
42
a) Can we setup a CS call on all cells?
To check if a call was successfully done on each sector and soft handover
from one sector to another one was good, this is done using the message
logging information, checking if call setup and active set update were
successful in CS and in PS.
b) PS throughput
Do we have a normal throughput under good radio conditions and low

load? Is it better than 90% of maximum RAB (currently 90% of 384 kbps
is 350 kbps)?
Any throughput that is lower than this may come from issues on mobile /
laptop configuration, or issues on the PS side.
c) Crossed feeders
A typical problem that can be, and must be detected at this stage is the
crossedfeeder problem.
A SC (scrambling code) plot with the designated SC per cell indicated on
the antenna is sufficient to detect the problem.
43
3. MHA malfunction
A MHA (TMA) malfunction will cause a very high uplink UE Tx Pwr on one cell.
If the high TX power occurs on all cells of a Node B, it is more likely the
Digital radio modulation (CE) unit has a malfunction. In the example below
you can see this last phenomenon.
A simple verification on the UL and DL coupling loss gives you an indication
of the correctly applied UL Tx Pwr:
Formulae:
Coupling Loss Downlink (CL DL)
CL DL = CPICH Tx Pwr at AE (30 dBm)
CPICH RSCP
Coupling Loss Uplink (CL UL)

CL UL = UE Tx Pwr sensitivity at MHA input in unloaded condition (
-120 dBm)
If
|CL UL
CL DL| > 8dB
For most measurement points over the service area of the cell, the
MHA functionality needs to be checked. This criteria can be checked
with the Analyzer tool.
44
Example
The map below shows you the result of UE TxPower = 0 based on the
criteria mentioned in the previous page. This means there is no problem.
4. Site Integration Report

If all these parameters are OK, the site is considered as verified and can be
included in the cluster optimization phase. Followed by that, a site integration
report should be generated. The report should contain the following
information:
Test result summary
Coverage plots of each cell
Parameter summary
45
Exercise 2 : Site Integration

Exam your own data
Load you own logfile
Define views you want to see and create a screen layout.
Make report on and save as report template if necessary.
46
Chapter 5
Cluster Integration
Procedure
47
Drive test definition

Due to the unique nature of each cluster that is defined, it is not possible to
put a strict definition on how to plan the drive test route. However, some
useful guidelines can be considered as follows:
Soft Handoff Boundaries

Because cluster testing is important in optimising the handover boundaries, it
is necessary to ensure the drive test route will have the potential to handoff
between each cell and each site. Looking at simulation estimations of where
soft and softer handoff is predicted can help carry this out. If an RNC
boundary falls inside a cluster, this boundary should be taken into account
and drive tested intensively.
Weak Coverage Areas

It is essential to establish how the air interface performs in areas of predicted
weak coverage. Using results gathered from the test measurement
equipment will allow the user to establish what causes the weak coverage in
a particular area and understand what steps can be taken to improve the
situation.
Pilot Non- Dominance Areas

The presence of several pilots at a similar level in a particular location can
lead to pilot pollution. Areas of pilot pollution can be estimated using the RF
planning tool and the person defining the drive test routes can ensure that
these areas are tested thoroughly. The scanning receiver will allow the user
to measure the received Ec/Io of many pilots (independent of the Ec/Io
threshold) and corrective actions can be taken.
High Traffic Areas

When carrying out loaded tests, it is imperative that the user includes areas
of potential high traffic in the drive test route definition. This will then allow
the user to analyse the drive test data and estimate what limitations of the
air interface may have in these potentially high traffic areas. For cluster
integration purposes only unloaded drive tests will be performed. This
unloaded drive test of the tuned radio network will serve as a reference for
any drivetest in loaded conditions which can be performed at later stages of
the network development.
As mentioned, it is necessary for the person defining the drive test routes to
carry this task out in conjunction with viewing various simulation plots from
the radio-planning tool.
48
First Drive Test: SC scan and dedicated mode
Drive Test 1:
Unloaded scan test
& Dedicated CS
49
The unloaded scan test is intended to show the basic RF

performance in the best-case scenario of the cluster, i.e. when the
cells portray a minimal load. A test measurement system (which
normally consists of a scanning receiver, location receiver and
associated software) is used for this task. Analyzing the results on
the downlink is straightforward using the software supplied with the
measurement system and at this stage the only needed
information. We run in parallel with the scanner a UE in dedicated
mode (CS 64 videophony, because this is the most limiting service
in uplink) in order to detect missing neighbours at this stage. UE
and scanner are connected to external (outdoor) antennas.
The basic RF performance mentioned above includes:
Identification of Coverage Holes
Determining handoff regions and neighbour relations
Detecting areas of multiple pilot coverage (pilot pollution)
Detecting cell overlap
The following radio quality indicators need to be measured and as
such be included in the log mask of the measurement equipment:
P-CPICH Ec/Io Strongest Pilot
P-CPICH Ec/Io for best N pilots
(above a certain threshold Ec /Io, e.g. 15dB)
RSCP
RSSI (Io)
P-SCH Ec/Io
S-SCH Ec/Io
Delay Spread
The outcome of the drivetest provides he RF engineer the
opportunity to check the coverage quality of the CPICH. Based on
this check, he/she will be able to decide what to be changed. The
changes include:
Antenna Type: If the chosen antenna cannot fulfil the
coverage objectives of the cell
Antenna Azimuth: If the coverage objectives are not met in a
certain area or if the cell induces too much interference along a
street (canyon effect)
Antenna Tilt: If a coverage problem occurs at cell boarder:
Below threshold:
up tilt
Too much above threshold:
down tilt
50
Preference is given to adapt electrical tilt above mechanical tilt. Only in

special cases mechanical tilt is preferred.
The optimization changes should result in an increase of the number of
measurement points with good coverage. This good coverage means that the
following conditions are fulfilled for the measurement point:
Criteria
DU Area
Urban
SU Deep
Indoor
SU Indoor
Daylight
Best CPICH RSCP >
-82 dBm
-82 dBm
-83 dBm
-90 dBm
Best CPICH Ec/Io >
-8 dB
-8 dB
-8 dB
-8 dB
4 best CPICH
RSCP <
Best CPICH
RSCP -8dB
Best CPICH
RSCP -8dB
best CPICH
RSCP -8dB
best CPICH
RSCP -8dB
2nd best CPICH

RSCP <
-71 dBm
-71 dBm
-72 dBm
-79 dBm
th
51
Important Criteria for Cluster Integration

There are four important criteria for best practice while performing a cluster
integration drive test:
Criteria 1: Optimizing UL Coverage
Criteria 2: Optimizing DL Coverage
Criteria 3: Avoiding Pilot Pollution
Criteria 4: Avoiding Cell Overlap
The first two criteria are the pilot coverage criteria including slow fading
losses. They are drawn from the link budget calculation. Bear in mind that
these pilot coverage criteria give the uplink coverage indication for the
limiting service for the morphology only when CPICH power settings are set
to its default values:
30 dBm at antenna entrance
The third criteria is taken from the pilot pollution criteria and defined for
3G radio design.
The fourth criteria is taken from the cell overlap criteria.
The measurement conditions for pilot pollution and cell overlap cannot be
taken immediately from the measurement but can be calculated using Actix
Software. The plots and queries that need to be visualized, and examples of
the reports that can be drawn from a drivetest, can be generated
automatically (see the following pages).
In this stage, apart from fulfilling the above mentioned criterion as much as
possible, we should try to minimize interference induced or caused in
neighbour cells. For this purpose we will visualize the CPICH RSCP per SC.
From this plot we will detect any unnecessary coverage outside the area
where the SC is dominant. Action should be undertaken to avoid
overshooting and unnecessary leaking into neighbour cells.
52
Criteria 1: Optimizing UL Coverage
The map above is a combination of different drive tests in the same cluster.
The attribute CPICH_Scan_RSCP_Sortedby_EcIo_0 is dragged and
dropped different times on the map view.
Best practice:
The better solution is to create a super stream of all files from one cluster
and perform the analysis on the super stream.
In this map, we only have problems of UL coverage outside the cluster and in
the centre of the 3 sites. The next necessary step is to find out where we
have the dominant servers. We can do this by displaying the
CPICH_Scan_SC_Sortedby_EcIo_0 attribute on the map to find out the
dominance areas.
53
54
Criteria 2: Optimizing DL coverage
Not much problem for the example above, only some degraded downlink
quality at the edge of the cluster. This is due to edge of coverage.
55
Criteria 3: Avoiding pilot pollution

In order to detect pilot pollution, the following criterion needs to be checked:
Number of
[Best CPICH Ec/Io - CPICH Ec/Io
2 x SH O_ w in dow
All measurement points fulfilling the criterion above suffer from pilot pollution
and optimization changes need to be undertaken. The possible solution for
pilot pollution can be:
Up tilt the antenna providing the best server in the area in order to
improve the CPICH RSCP
Down tilt the antennas from interfering cells and as such reduce the
RSSI.
Change azimuth from antennas in order to create a dominant server in
the polluted area.
In the following graph you can detect an area of pilot pollution. The next step
in this case would be to detect which of the surrounding sites is covering the
area and to try to limit the amount of servers through up- and down tilting.
That comes down to creating 1 or 2 dominant servers.
56
Criteria 4: Avoiding cell overlap

In order to detect cell overlap, the following criteria need to be checked if
3 rd best CPICH RSCP > - 71 dBm
For measurement points where the criterion is fulfilled, we need to adopt
more down tilt in order to reduce the CPICH RSCP. As such mutual
interference will be reduced in the neighbour cells and we will have a more
stable system.
In the example above, there is only some coverage overlap on area were the
sites are built very close to each other. By applying the appropriate tilt and
azimuth, you can avoid this problem.
57
M issing neighbours
Missing Neighbour Analysis is a fundamental aspect to WCDMA network
optimisation. It should be performed as part of the rollout phase of a network
to construct and/or optimise the adjacency lists of each cell; and throughout
the life of the network as changes to traffic and tilt affect the coverage
pattern and interference interaction between the cells.
Missing Neighbour Analysis in Actix RVS solution has been designed to allow
engineers to generate a list of suggested Missing Neighbours and allow
engineers to visualise the suggested cells on a map. Full control of the
suggestion criteria is included to allow for changes in clutter, terrain and
rollout phase of the network. These suggestion criteria are described as
follows:
WCD Neighbour List Settings: Tools > Preferences

These criteria are applied to the scanned signal measurements to build a
suggested list of cells. Only cells which satisfy all criteria are included in the
final list of suggested Missing Neighbours.
58
Preference Settings Description
Criteria Default
Value
Description
59
Missing Neighbours Example

The following example explains how the Missing Neighbours are calculated:
Example Scanner Measurement drive.

SC 103 on Site 1 is the strongest signal at point X
In this example, at point X , SC 103 is the Nth_Best SC

(CPICH_Scan_SC_SortedBy_EcIo_0). The closest cell to point X is at Site
11. Its adjacency list includes 101, 102, 201 and 202. At point X , the
scanned list is as follows:
S
At point X , the strongest signal is SC 103 is at -5dBm.
Applying the Reporting Range of 5dB creates a short-list of SC 202,
302, 203, 402 and 301 (greater than -10dBm). The signals from SC
101 and 303 are too weak to be considered.
Note: The scanner reports SC numbers, so Actix RVS selects the closest cell to the drive
route at that time, with a matching SC.
1
60
SC 202 is already defined as a neighbour of SC 103, so this is

eliminated too, leaving us with a suggested list of 203, 302, 402 and
301.
Applying the intersite distance threshold, SC 402 is over 5Km away
from SC 103, so it is removed from the suggested list, leaving us with
SC 203, 302 and 301.
The angle between the point X and the azimuth of the SC s is now
analysed. To be considered, the azimuth must fall with +/- 90 degrees
of the line-of-sight vector from the point X to that site. To allow for the
spread of beamwidth, half the beamwidth is added/subtracted to the
azimuth to give extra tolerance of angle.
Example of angle to site threshold for validation of SC 203, 302 and 302
When half the beamwidth is added/subtracted (depending on whether the

azimuth is to the left or right of the vector connecting the scanner point and
the cell) to the azimuth of the cell, the final criteria is applied to the cell. If
the angle of the cell then falls within the angle setting in Tools
Preferences the cell will be included in the suggested list.
In the example above, SC 302 is included as a Missing Neighbour. The
azimuth of SC 301 was originally outside our 90 threshold, but when
subtracting half its beamwidth, it falls within our acceptable range so is
therefore included as a Missing Neighbour. The azimuth of SC 203 + half its
beamwidth still does not fall within our 90 threshold, so it is not included in
the list.
61
Our final list of Missing Neighbours is then 301 and 302. Due to the fact that
SC 302 has a stronger EcIo value than SC 301 at point X , the Missing
Neighbours at point X are as follows:
Missing_Neighbours_0 = 302
Missing_Neighbours_1 = 301
..relative to CPICH_Scan_SC_SortedBy_EcIo_0 = 103 at point X .
This is repeated for all points in the scanned drivetest route, creating an
array of SC s at each point, sorted by their EcIo value, which satisfy the
selection criteria and are not currently defined as a neighbour of the
Nth_Best_0 cell at that time.
If the Only use Nth Best cell option is disabled, not only the Nth_Best cell will
be considered. Using the principle that if cell A and cell B are within 5dB, and
cell A and cell C are within 5dB, the relationship between cell B and cell C
should be analysed too. This obviously increases where processing is needed
at each point, and is recommended for neighbour list optimisation of more
mature networks.
Once the final list of suggested Missing Neighbours has been compiled, the
results can be viewed in two ways: through the Accelerated Network
Rollout Analysis pack report (Neighbour List Recommendations), and
also by visualising them on the map/chart/table.
62
Neighbour List Recommendations report

Once this report has been run from the ANR analysis pack, the recommended
additions/ removals / retentions are presented in a tabular format as follows:
In this example, SC 110 (Site123-a) was the Nth_Best measurement for

5000 samples during the scanner measurement. It s current adjacency list
includes SC 112 and 113. While SC 111 was the Nth_Best cells, there were
1250 samples of SC 200, 500 samples for SC 112 and only 5 samples for SC
113 (sorted by % samples).
SC 200 is not already in the adjacency list for SC 110, all criteria have been
met for this cell, so it is suggested as a Missing Neighbour.
SC 112 was scanned enough times to recommend to be kept in the
adjacency list.
SC 113 (at the same site as SC 112, 3.5Km away from SC 110) was only
scanned 5 times, so it has been recommended to be removed.
NOTE:
It is important to drive enough routes and collect enough data to ensure
these cell suggestions are statistically valid.
63
Missing and Removal Neighbour attributes

In the workspace explorer, a new grouping has been introduced.
Neighbour Analysis containing 2 sorted lists, for Missing Neighbour
suggestions and Removal suggestions.
Workspace Explorer showing new Neighbour Analysis group
The lists are sorted by signal strength and contain the SC values of the cells
in the list at each point in the scanned drivetest. The strongest Missing
Neighbour (Missing_Neighbour_0) should be analysed first, as it could
potentially be the strongest pollution source at that time.
Drag the parameter onto the map and open the Top 10 Scan Measurements
stateform (optionally dock it to under the Workspace Explorer). The legend of
the map gives you the list of SCs that were the strongest Missing Neighbour
at any point in the drive. The most frequent SC should be targeted first, and
by selecting any point in the map, the stateform will synchronise to show the
top 10 scanned measurements giving the Nth_Best SC at the top of the list2.
A decision needs to be made whether to add this suggested Missing
Neighbour SC into the adjacency list of the Nth_Best SC.
In the case of repeated SC values, the closest cell with a matching SC to the Nth_Best_0 cell
will be selected.
64
Screenshot of Nth_Best SC (CPICH_Scan_SC_SortedBy_EcIo_0) plotted on

the map. Missing_Neighbours_0 is added to the map, and synchronised to
the Top 10 Scan Measurements stateform. The Display Cell Data view shows
t he a dj a ce ncy list of ce ll e x a m ple 0 1 8 4 c (SC 242).
Once all the strongest Missing Neighbours have been analysed, the next
strongest signal should be analysed. Following this process with ensure that
the most important Missing Neighbours are analysed first.
The same SC could appear as a Missing Neighbour for multiple Nth_Best
cells, so it may be easier to create a Crosstab query with two dimensions:
Missing_Neighbours_0 and Nth_Best_0, to give all occurrences of the
combinations. This list can then be filtered from the Statistics Explorer to
filter the map view for single SC combinations individually.
65
Screenshot showing validation of intersite distance between Nth- Best SC

242 at site Example0184 and Missing Neighbour 202 at site Example0199.
The map s distance tool has been used and the distance 1.7046Km is
underlined.
66
Dropped Call Analysis due to Missing Neighbours

Neighbour list analysis can also be used verify the reason behind a dropped
call. This method uses the process of combining the scanner and UE together
and checking the Active and Monitored Sets for the UE against the scanned
measurements at the point of a dropped call.
Screenshot showing synchronised scanner and handset traces, indicating

Missing Neighbour 202 (and differences between best scanned SC 242 and
Active Set SC 338.
This requires the scanner and UE traces to be collected at the same time,
and for the resulting collection files to be superstreamed together (and
correcting any time offset between the collection devices). See the online
Help for instructions on superstreaming using Time Offsets. Once the files
have been combined, parameters such as the UTRA_UE_CarrierRSSI and
the Uu_CallDropped event can be dragged onto the map. By opening the
UE Missing Neighbours stateform for the superstream and synchronising it
with dropped call, the top 10 scanned measurements can be visually
compared to the Active and Monitored sets for the UE at the time.
67
Screenshot showing how dropped calls from the handset can be viewed with
the Missing Neighbour attributes when the scanner and handset are
synchronised. Here the Active Set and Monitored Set SC s are at very low
RSCP values, and poor EcNo too. The scanner detected 3 other SCs, and a
missing neighbour just before the drop.
This allows the engineer to understand whether the UE had dropped a call
due to a missing neighbour not being defined in the cell s adjacency list, or
whether it was a handset problem, resulting in a neighbour that had already
been defined not being added to the Monitored Set, and therefore never
being able to be added to the Active Set.
68
Missing Neighbours Attributes

Uu_MissingNeighbour (Missing Neighbours)
Actix Software s event detection allows you to visualize missing
neighbour on a map with drive test data. The missing neighbour event
occurs when a particular SC is not in the neighbour list and forces the
call to drop. The following procedure is followed to trigger the event.
When the drop call occurs, a specific function looks for the next
origination and gets the value of the new SC in the active set. If the
new SC is different from the SC s in the active set before the call
dropped, the function looks for the last neighbour list before the call
dropped. If that same neighbour list does not contain the new SC, it is
a possible missing neighbour.
So, in other words:
o If (SC in active set after drop call) <> (SC s in active set before
drop call and Neighbour list before drop call) then missing
neighbour
o In this case, the engineer needs to understand the coverage
issues. If the new SC is not meant to cover the specific area,
optimization is probably the best solution and the engineer
should not add the specific neighbour.
Example of missing neighbour before a dropped call
69
Uu_UE_NbrList, Uu_UE_NbrListCount (UMTS Neighbour List)

These attributes are generated from Measurement Control signaling
within file. The Measurement Control messages are sent from the
network to the UE during a RRC connection. They can contain the list
of the available neighbours (Scrambling codes) a UE should consider in
it s measurement procedures. The first of these Measurement Control
messages usually is the setup Mode, meanwhile the concessive ones
are modify mode (i.e. changing the list).
After the RRC connection procedure the algorithm, considers the first
Measurement Control message to be the Setup and builds up an
internal array of Scrambling Code with their corresponding index
numbers (from attributes
Uu_RRC_NewIntraFreqCell_intraFreqCellID and
Uu_RRC_PrimaryCPICH_Info_primaryScramblingCode). This
information is then used to populate attributes Uu_UE_NbrList and
Uu_UE_NbrListCount (i.e. the number of SCs in the array).
Concessive Measurement Control messages then modify this list, this
continues until a new RRC Setup procedure is detected at which point
the array is reset.
Note:
If there are any missing Measurement Control messages, this
neighbour list will become out of sync with the true neighbour list
being measured by the UE.
70
Scanner Based Network Rollout Analyses:

Neighbou r List Analysis
The Neighbour List Analysis provides an automated approach for generating
optimal neighbour lists and overcoming major service degrading problems
such as missing neighbours.
The key components of the neighbor list module are:
Generation of recommendations for optimal neighbor list settings
based on UMTS/WCDMA scanner drive test data.
Integration with Network Element Database to audit existing neighbor
lists and suggest changes, and to correlate non-unique measured data
attributes such as Scrambling Code with unique identifiers such as
Sector ID.
The Neighbor List Module implements the following algorithm:
Ec/Io measurements below a noise floor are filtered out of the data set
before analysis.
User definable binning is used to reduce the number of measurement
points in each bin to create one value per bin optionally, no binning
at all can be applied and the analysis will run on the full data set.
At each point along the drive test, a list of prospective neighbors is
accumulated. If a neighbor signal is within a user-definable threshold
of the best server in the active set, then it is considered as a potential
neighbor.
Using the geographic information in the log file and the SC, the
network element database is searched to identify the Sector and Cell
IDs of the SC.
Once all the bins in the log file have been compiled into the
symmetrical matrix, the results are compared against actual neighbor
lists contained in the network element database and the following are
calculated:
o A list of sector IDs included in the matrix, but not the actual
neighbor list.
o A list of sector IDs included in the actual list, but not the matrix.
71
C
Neighbour 2
Figure 1 - Neighbor List Analysis Example
In the figure above, Cell A is the best server by CPICH Ec/Io. Cells B and C
are within a user-specified threshold of Cell A's are Ec/Io, and so are counted
as potential neighbors of A. Cell D is not within the required threshold and
so is not counted as a prospective neighbor, nor is Cell E which did not have
a measurable signal contribution at this point in the drive test.
Here is a sample symmetric prospective neighbor array using sector IDs A, B,
C and D:
A
B
C
D
N/A
10
2
15
10
N/A
40
0
2
40
N/A
12
15
0
12
N/A
The limitations of this algorithm are:

Results are only produced in areas that have been tested, so the test
areas should be carefully considered before removing any Sectors from
the neighbor lists.
Drive test do not necessarily emulate the radio environment
encountered by pedestrian and in-building users; however, walk tests
and in-building test may be included in the analysis as desired.
72
Perform the following steps to access the Neighbour List Recommendations

report:
Step
Action
1
Ensure that a suitable UMTS scanner file and corresponding

Network Element Database are loaded in the workspace.
Configuration parameters for this analysis can be set by selecting

Tools
Preferences
WCDMA Neighbour List. The
configuration preferences include the reporting range, maximum
list size, addition and removal thresholds and minimum number of
samples to include a server in the analysis.
From the main menu, select Analysis

Network Rollout.
Double-click on the Neighbour List Recommendations report

icon in the lower pane of the Application Pack.
UMTS Accelerated
If there is no cell site database corresponding to the current dataset, or if the

current cell site database does not contain neighbor list information, the
report will work, though the results in the Cell , Site and Action
columns will be invalid.
Figure 2 - Neighbor List Recommendations Report Output
73
Interference Factor (F Factor)

The DL interference factor (also known as F factor) for a mobile
station is the ratio of received power from external cells over the
received power of the serving cell. This factor mainly depends on the
relative position of the mobile in the cell, the relative load of the
neighbouring cells, the morphology of the environment and the degree
of optimization of the network.
The DL interference factor has a great impact on the required transmit
power per service for one particular user. As such we need to limit as
much as possible this value of F in the cell and particularly at the cell
edge. In the below is given a distribution of F on an optimized network
in a suburban environment.
SU F_DL
2 3 .1
2 6 .7
3 3 .0
40
H6 5 V 6 T0
H6 5 V 6 T2
2 .6
2 .4
2 .0
3 .4
3 .1
2 .6
4 .3
4 .0
3 .5
5 .7
5 .1
4 .5
7 .2
6 .7
6 .0
10
6 .6
6 .1
4 .6
H6 5 V 6 T4
9 .8
9 .6
8 .9
20
8 .2
7 .9
7 .3
1 6 .7
1 6 .5
1 6 .5
30
1 2 .2
1 1 .9
1 1 .0
F_DL cov e r ag e p e r ce n t ag e
50
>
2
a)
=
tr
<
L
in
(i
te
in
te
ii
ii
tr
a)
<
a)
tr
FD
(i
e
g
ra
ve
<
Co
1,
g
1,
=
1,
4
n
ii
/
r
te
L
FD
(i
L
FD
<
ra
ve
ra
g
Co
ve
=
a)
<
=
<
a)
tr
in
te
ii
tr
ii
/
r
te
in
1,
<
FD
(i
in
L
FD
<
4
Co
Co
ve
ra
1,
2
1,
e
1,
1,
=
<
a)
n
tr
n
ii
/
r
te
(i
in
(i
L
<
1
e
g
Co
ve
ra
ra
ve
1,
8
<
a)
tr
n
ii
/
in
(i
L
FD
FD
<
8
0,
Co
0,
=
<
=
tr
n
ii
/
r
te
r
te
in
(i
L
e
g
ra
ve
Co
a)
<
a)
tr
n
ii
/
r
FD
<
6
0,
e
g
Co
ve
ra
ra
ve
Co
te
n
(i
i
L
FD
4<
0,
e
g
g
ra
0,
4
0,
2
0,
=
<
=
<
a)
a)
tr
n
tr
ii
n
/
ii
/
te
in
te
(i
in
L
(i
FD
L
FD
2<
0,
0<
e
g
ra
ve
ve
Co
Co
Area with too much interference
The graph above shows the F factor on a map and indicates areas
where we have too much interference. In this example, F factor is
smaller than 2 covers 95% of the area.
74
The F factor is also an indication of pilot pollution, where the higher

the F factor is, the more the coverage quality will suffer from an
increased load.
75
DL Interference factor versus path loss

The graph below shows a typical representation of the F factor versus the cell
edge, expressed as a ratio of path loss i.e. the path loss of mobile position
over the max permissible path loss at cell edge.
Note: F factor will be equal to 2 when the mobile station is at the cell edge.
Relation between interference factor F and fraction of
path loss (path loss/path loss at cell edge)
4
y = 0.0023e
6.7541x
3
2
2
F
Expon. (F)
1
1
0
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
Fraction DL PL
F Factor vs. Path Loss
76
F Factor Report
7
-5
-10
EcIo
F factor
4
-15
3
2
-20
1
-25
-88.5
-91.5
-94.5
-97.5
-100.5
-103.5
-106.5
-109.5
-112.5
-115.5
-118.5
-121.5
-124.5
-127.5
-130.5
-133.5
-136.5
-139.5
-142.5
-145.5
-148.5
-151.5
-154.5
-157.5
-160.5
-163.5
-166.5
-169.5
-172.5
-175.5
-178.5
Path Loss (dB) in 3dB steps
F Factor Report
This graph is produced by the F Factor report. It shows the distribution of

EcIo and F factor for different values of the pathloss. It gives us a signature
for a certain area or cell and will give us visual information if a certain area is
well-optimised or not.
You can open this report at:
Workbook
Open Workbook/Report
F_Factor Report.xls
77
Example: Coverage Analysis

Objective
The objective of this example is to find out bad pilot coverage areas within
the network. We will then determine whether the problem is localized, and
the effect that the problem is having on the network quality.
Attributes
Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP_0
Uu_CallDropped
Uu_IncomingCallSetupFail
Uu_OutgoingCallSetupFail
Uu_Trch_DownlinkBlerAgg
CPICH_AllSets_UE_RSCP_For_SC
Stateforms
UMTS UE Active Set + Monitor Set
Queries
Poor Mobile Receive Power, or
Low Mobile Receive Power
(Condition: Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP_0 < -95dBm)
Screen Layout
UMTS Coverage Analysis
Flirst click on the stream name, then click on
Layouts UMTS
UMTS Coverage Analysis
78
Coverage Analysis Procedure

Step
Action
Superstream logfiles.
Display Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP_0, Uu_CallDropped,

Uu_IncomingCallSetupFail and Uu_OutgoingCallSetupFail on
the map.
Display Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP_0, Uu_TrCh_DownlinkBlerAgg,

and ServingCellDistance on a table.
Apply Poor Mobile Receive Power or Low Mobile Receive

Power.
Find and investigate further area with poor coverage and drop
calls.
Use distance tool to find sites that provides adequate coverage

to this region.
Un-apply filter and close all open windows.
Display Pilot Measurement

CPICH_AllSets_UE_RSCP_For_SC for the three sectors that
would be expected to provide coverage in problem area.
Investigate further to conclude your findings.
79
Example: CPICH Pollution Analysis

The CPICH or Pilot Pollution Analysis uses an Simulated Active Set to
estimate which pilots would have been actively demodulated by the UE,
and then detects other pilots above a user-definable threshold that cause
excessive interference. Please see the Simulated Active Set section for
more details on how the Active Set is estimated based on WCDMA
scanner measurements.
The pilot pollution algorithm has these components:
Ec/Io measurements below a noise floor are filtered out of the
data set prior to analysis.
User definable binning is used to reduce the number of
measurement points in each bin to create one value per bin
optionally, no binning at all can be applied and the analysis will
run on the full data set.
At each point along the drive test, CPICH Ec/Io data for each
Scrambling Code is used to assign SCs to an Active Set or a
Pollution Set (please see the Simulated Active Set section for
more details).
The Pollution Set consists of all SCs that are not in the Active
Set, and have a CPICH Ec/Io within a user specified pollution
threshold of the strongest CPICH Ec/Io in the Active Set.
network element database is searched to identify the Sector and
Cell IDs of the SC.
A pollution array is created in memory which records the
number of times each sector ID is seen as a source of pilot
pollution.
All bins in the log file are then processed into the pollution
matrix.
80
A
Active Set
Figure 3 - CPICH Pollution Analysis Example
In the example above, Cells A, B and C are part of the Active Set, as
determined by the Simulated Active Set module. Cell D has a CPICH Ec/Io
within a user-specified pollution threshold of the Active Set s best server
Ec/Io, and so is counted as a contributer to pilot pollution at this point in the
drive test. Cell E has a CPICH Ec/Io that is not within this threshold and so is
not a pollution source.
Shown below is a sample pollution array indicating the number of points at
which each sector caused pilot pollution for sector IDs A, B, C and D:
Sector ID
A
Pollution
Count
0
150
45
12
Results are presented in the Pilot Pollution Analysis application report. In

addition, Pilot Pollution may be geographically analyzed for each SC by
accessing the Pollution_for_SC attribute in the workspace view.
81
Perform the following steps to access the Pilot Pollution Analysis report:
Step
Action
1


Network Rollout.
Double-click on the Pilot Pollution Analysis report icon in the

lower pane of the Application Pack.
Double-click on the Pilot Pollution Analysis report icon in the

lower pane of the Application Pack.
Enter the Pilot Pollution Margin (dB). This margin is used to

determine which pilots in the monitored set are within close
proximity to the strongest pilot in the active set.
UMTS Accelerated
As shown below, the Pilot Pollution Analysis Report indicates the worst
interferers sorted by Scrambling Code:
Figure 4 - Pilot Pollution Analysis Report Output
82
Second Drive Test: Dedicated Mode with SC Scanning
Drive Test 2:
Dedicated Mode with
SC Scanning
83
Dedicated Drive Test

The dedicated drive test is performed to check radio conditions in
dedicated mode. For this test, two UE traces in dedicated mode will be
logged, in parallel with a scan drive test. A call trace will be launched
on both UEs in order to log uplink information and UE related Iub and
Iu messaging. The two UEs will call each other, the mobile originating
call will have automated call setup and release sequences. The
measurement setup is identical as the first drive test (with external
antennas). The configuration is as follows:
UE 1
o
o
o
UE 2
o
video call (voice call if not possible) mobile originating

90 seconds call
10 seconds guard before new call is set up
Video call mobile terminating
The following results will be checked against the requirements:

Criteria
DU Area
Urban
Sub-Urban
UE 1 Tx pwr <
UE 1 BLER <
UE 2 Tx pwr <
UE 2 BLER <
-2 dBm
-2 dBm
-2 dBm
1%
1%
1%
-2 dBm
-2 dBm
-2 dBm
1%
1%
1%
Apart from the coverage criteria, the dropped calls will be analyzed.
The cluster integration is successful when no dropped calls are due
to radio quality. Note that this is only applicable when the cluster is
fully built. If radio drops are a consequence of a missing site (and the
site is in the final design), they cannot be a blocking point for cluster
integration at this point.
Analyzing dropped calls to determine the cause can be done using
Analyzer, which enables to see decoded RRC messages. A dropped call
usually occurs during an abnormal behaviour in one of the following
procedures:
call setup CS and PS
call clearing
soft handoff
If a call drops the messaging before the drop should be checked and
compared with the normal messaging sequences.
84
In order to find the cause for a dropped call, we should approach the
problem in a structured way and always look at the different possible
causes in the same way. Actix Software has many ways to endorse
this procedure, and one of them is displaying the results on the
Statistic Explorer. The sequence to check were the cause for dropping
is can be as follows:
Import and run Drop Analysis Crosstab Query to obtain the
information mention below:
a) Active Set CPICH Ec/Io (and CPICH RSCP)

I nformation to look for
Ec/Io below the threshold?
If Yes, check if
Out of coverage DL?
High F factor?
Due to pilot pollution?
Low F factor and good RSCP?
Due to load
Ec/Io below the monitored set?
Failed handover?
Ec/Io below the scanned best SC?
Missing neighbour?
RSCP below 115 dBm?
Out of coverage UL
b) DL BLER
If Yes
When DL BLER > 10%
Start of DL channel limitation
When DL BLER > 50%
DL channel lost
c) RRC Messages
If Yes
Synchronize RRC message flow with

drop
Check last seconds messaging
Normal termination with cause?
Check cause
Measurement reports
Due to Failed HO?
During active set update
Radio synchronization
85
Types of D rops (Radio and Non- Radio Related) :

The typical types of radio drops are due to the following problems:
Missing Neighbours
Low RSCP or Low Ec/Io
UE Tx Power
The other types of non- radio related drops are due to the following
problems:
Mobile Issue
Core Network Issue
Types of Radio Drops Examples:

1. Missing neighbour
See Dropped Call Analysis due to Missing Neighbours in pg 67.
2. Low RSCP or Low Ec/Io

Low RSCP is mainly when there is no server in the area, while low
Ec/Io is when there is no dominant server with a good quality. They
may be combined as in this example:
Call Dropped due to Low CPICH and Low RSCP
86
The example shows a drop due to low CPICH RSCP. Further analysis
will show that on this point, the situation could be avoided by
optimising the cell with SC100.
In this case there is no other way to optimize this area than adding a
new site, as no other antenna change will improve the situation. Else
low RSCP can be improve by up tilt, and low Ec/Io by giving only one
sector dominant in the area where the drop occurs.
3. UE TX power
No example from pre-launch. This will hardly ever happen since the
measurements are taken out door, while our design is done for indoor
coverage. The only possible occurrence of this problem is where we
drive outside 3G coverage areas. This will only happen during the exit
criterion drive test.
87
Types of Non- Radio Related Drops Examples:
Non-radio related drop example
The reason of call drop in the example above is not very clear, but the BLER
goes up to 100% and the serving cells are not the obvious ones. A downlink
power limitation is probably the reason for this.
1. Mobile Issue
CM service abort, pegged as a drop, but coming from a cancellation on
mobile side
2. Core Network Issue
Disconnect received as there are a temporary unavailability from the
CS side.
88
Example: Dropped Call Analysis

Objective
The objective of this example is to analyze each dropped call (10 seconds
before and 5 seconds after) and report a possible diagnosis.
Attributes
Uu_ActiveSet_SC_0
Uu_IncomingCallOK
Uu_OutgoingCallOK
Uu_CallDropped
CPICH_AllSets_UE_RSCP_For_SC
Stateform
UMTS UE Active + Monitor Set
Queries
UMTS Call Statistics query shows which File/Sector/Cell/Call ID that
contains the drop call. Which one should we look at?
Dropped Call Analysis query shows event and what causes the drop
89
Dropped Call Analysis Procedure

Step
1
Action
Display Drop Analysis crosstab query or drop call related query
on Statistic Explorer to obtain the following information:
Drop Call
RSSI
BLER
Exam and further investigate the result (i.e: Check out which File
contains the drop call).
Close Statistic Explorer and open the problematic file.

Superstream them if there are more than 1 file.
Display Uu_ActiveSet_SC_0, Uu_IncomingCallOK,

Uu_OutgoingCallOK, and Uu_CallDropped on the map. Display
the relevant attributes on tables and chart if necessary.
Zoom in on the Call Dropped event.
Display UMTS UE Active + Monitored Set stateform.

Note: Make sure the stateform is synchronized with the map.
Display the Direction arrow
If necessary, select a data point shortly before the start of the call,
and use the Replay Tool to step toward the drop.
to verify the drive test route
direction.
10
Observe the information displayed on the stateform as the drop

approaches.
11
Display Pilot Measurement

CPICH_AllSets_UE_RSCP_For_SC for the three sectors that
would be expected to provide coverage in problem area.
12
90
Example: Call Setup Failure Analysis

Objective
The objective of this example is to investigate the call setup failure based on
the layer 3 messaging for call setup procedures.
Attributes
Uu_ActiveSet_SC_0
Uu_ActiveSet_EcNo_0
UE_TxPow
Stateform
N/A
Queries
UMTS Call Setup Statistic, or
UMTS Call Setup Failure Analysis
Application Packs
UMTS Call Setup Analysis
91
Call Setup Failure Analysis Procedure

Step
Action
Display Call Setup Statistic by File Name crosstab query or

Call Setup Failure on Statistic Explorer to obtain the call setup
information.
Exam and further investigate the result (i.e: Check out which File
contains the call setup failures).
Close Statistic Explorer and open the problematic file.

Superstream them if there are more than 1 file.
Run UMTS Call Setup Analysis Application Pack to learn the

additional information about the call setup failure events by
sorting the data by Failed MOC Setups.
In the same Application Pack, run the Call Setup Status report to
find out the reasons why the call failed.
Switch back to the UMTS Call Setup Analysis Application Pack

window.
In the same Application Pack, run the Call Sequence Outcome

report to find out the procedures carried out during the call setup
phase for each call on the drive route.
Display Uu_InComingCallSetupFail,
Uu_OutgoingCallSetupFail, Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP_0, and
Uu_ActiveSet_EcNo_0 on the chart.
10
Display Protocol Stack Browser (UMTS Radio Interface view)

and synchronize with the chart
11
Observe if any unusual event such as if a mobile sends a CM

Service Abort immediately after the CM Service Request; or
any repeated Connection Request.
12
Display UE_TxPow on the same chart and synchronize with the

call setup failure.
13
92
Exit Criterion Drive Test

In order to have a clear view on the performance of the cluster a third
session of drive tests is organized. The aim of the exit criterion is to
give us a quality indication on:
the border of the cluster and interaction with neighbour clusters
3G 2G mobility
status of cluster (KPI s)
Accessibility
Drive tests executed for the exit criterion need to fulfil different
requirements than those performed for the first 2 drive tests in the
FN8c procedure:
Routes don t need to be extreme dense, but should be nicely
spread over the cluster. One route inside 3G coverage and a
second one on the boarders of 3G-2G coverage.
One route need to be defined on cluster borders in order to
check HO planning in between clusters
Drive tests are taken in car (UEs and scanner)
93
Drive Tests
For best practise, it is recommended to perform two different drive
tests using the same pre-defined route:
Drive test 1:
Within 3G coverage, focus on CR (setup, maintain and clear)
Within the 3G coverage area, with existing scenario (in-car,
route density etc) suitable
o
o
UE1 - DL 4Mb file

UE2 - Accessibility CS-PS-CS (if not possible, separate CS
and PS for different UEs)
CS calls; 10 sec call and release with 5 sec guard
PS calls; webpage attach and release with
Metrics
o UE1 - DL Throughput (average), for successful calls
o DL CR (call success rate, = Call setup, maintained and
cleared)
o UE2 - CR (call success rate, = Call setup, maintained and
cleared)
Targets
o
o
CR UE1 > 96%

CR UE2 > 98%
Drive test 2
o UE 1: CS voice short call: 10 sec call and release with 5
sec guard
o UE 2: PS file download: 10 sec call and release with 5 sec
guard
o The following statistics are taken from the drive tests:
CS call setup success rate
PS call setup success rate
94
Cluster Integration Report

In Actix Software, you can open the pre-defined report UMTS Cluster
Acceptance App Pack (Application Pack) from Analysis
UMTS
Cluster Acceptance App Pack to obtain the following information:
1. Coverage plots from the planning tool
2. General description of the cluster with description of missing
sites etc
3. The tools used and the references of the drive tests
4. Plots before (1st drive) and after (2nd drive) of
a. Drive Test Route
b. CPICH best EcIo
c. RSCP best
d. Pilot pollution
e. Cell overlap
f. Individual site problems like overshooting, missing
neighbours, etc
5. Statistics on the 4 criteria before and after
6. All implemented network changes
7. Analysis of remaining dropped calls
95
Exercise 3 : Cluster Integration

Exam your own data
Load logfile and check 4 criteria using Actix Software
o Create query if necessary or run an application package/report if
necessary.
o Are there other ways to detect pilot pollution?
o Study the dropped calls
Load logfile with Troubleshooter and evaluate different approach.
(if you have a Troubleshooter license)
96
Site Integration in integrated cluster

When a site needs to be integrated in a cluster an adapted process
needs to be followed. Since the site was not part of the detailed
planning of the cluster, optimization changes will be needed on
multiple cells within the cluster (or neighbour cluster). Before retuning
the cluster, individual site integration needs to be performed. Before
doing so ensure that:
Planned SC is OK and as such no SC reuse in and around the
cluster
Planned frequency is NOT the frequency of the macro layer
which is on air.
Radio configuration and radio parameters are pre-optimized for
interworking with the cluster.
The site integration will be performed as described earlier, with the
following additions:
A complete cell drive test is performed; meaning all streets in
the cell from close range until out of coverage . As such the
coverage footprint will be detected and this will be used for
cluster re-tuning.
Post-processing of data is mandatory since it will be used for
tuning the Node B in question and all cells bordering the
optimized coverage footprint of the cells.
When preparing the optimization changes of the new Node B and the
surrounding cells, try to achieve the following:
Equal cell ranges, meaning the equal power boundary is in the
middle of the two Node B s. To do so the integration drive test
needs to projected on top of the reference drive test of the
cluster
Prepare neighbour relations and prepare deletion of existing
neighbour relations
All optimization changes need to be performed at the same
time. At this moment the frequency of the site needs to be
changed to the frequency of the macro-layer. As soon as
possible a complete drive test needs to be performed of check if
the site is successfully inter-working with neighbour sites and
eventually further optimize the cluster.
97
Chapter 6
Cell Reselection
What is cell reselection?
Cell reselection is the procedure where the UE reselects the cell from
which he reads the BCCH. This happens in idle mode, but also in cell
FACH and cell/URA PCH mode.
In idle mode, the cell reselection can be detected through the decoding
of a new BCCH. In cell PCH and cell FACH state, the reselection can be
noticed by an RRC cell update message. The transitions from those
states to idle mode and back can be detected by the following RRC
messages:
Physical channel reconfiguration
Transport channel reconfiguration
RRC connection release
98
Reselection Criteria
Cell is suitable if this condition is fulfilled:
S- Criterion for FDD cells:
Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0
Where:
S qual = Qqualmeas - Qqualmin

S rxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin - Pcompensation
Parameter
Squal
Description
Cell Selection quality value (dB)
Applicable only for FDD cells.
Srxlev
Cell Selection RX level value (dB)
Qqualmeas
Measured cell quality value. The quality of the

received signal expressed in CPICH Ec/N0 (dB)
for FDD cells. CPICH Ec/N0 shall be averaged.
Qrxlevmeas
Measured cell RX level value. This is received

signal, CPICH RSCP for FDD cells (dBm) and PCCPCH RSCP for TDD cells (dBm).
Qqualmin
Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB).

Qrxlevmin
Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)
Pcompensation
max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH
UE_TXPWR_MAX_RA_CH
Maximum TX power level an UE may use when

accessing the cell on RACH (read in system
information) (dBm)
P_MAX
Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)
P_MAX, 0) (dB)
99
In order to perform cell reselection UE, measures and ranks the neighbour
cells. For each type of neighbour cells (Intra freq, inter-freq, Inter-RAT)
thresholds are definable. Measurements of neighbour cells will be triggered if
these thresholds are reached.
(Re-) Selected cell is a suitable cell (fulfils the S criterion) and is the best
ranked cell (has the highest R). The UE shall however reselect the new cell,
only if the following conditions are met:
The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time
interval Treselection
More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE has camped on the
current serving cell
In the below mentioned ranking criteria the following naming convention
applies:
s indicates the serving cell
n indicates the candidate cell
Measurement Rules
If Squal > Sintrasearch,
UE need not perform intra-frequency measurements.
If Squal <= Sintrasearch,
perform intra-frequency measurements.
If S intrasearch,
is not sent for serving cell, perform intra-frequency measurements
Reselect highest ranked if access not restricted: R- Criterion
R s = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
R n = Qmeas,n Qoffsets,n
100
Intra Frequency Soft Handover

Handover
While moving from one cell to another, the best server conditions change and
there is a need to redirect the mobile to a new serving base station. Unlike in
GSM, WCDMA takes advantage of the time where the received signal
strength of different pilot channels is within a certain window.
During this time the mobile is connected to different serving base stations,
this is called soft handover (softer if the serving cells are from the same
Node B). In the case of soft handover the RNC performs selective combining
on all the active links. This gives a typical gain of 4dB (2 links) or 5 dB (3
links), depending on the fading conditions. In the case of softer handover,
the signals are rake processed in the Node B, and the gain is slightly higher.
The following terminology is used to indicate the handover state of the
mobile:
Active Set
The cells in the active set form a soft handover connection to the Ue
Monitored Set
The monitored set is the list of cells that the UE continuously
measures, but which pilots are not strong enough to be added to the
active set.
This is the same set as the so-called neighbour list.
Remaining Set
Is the set of all the other scrambling codes in use, which are not in the
active or the monitored set
This name is not frequently used, only for planning purposes.
You can obtain the Intra-Freq handover information by displaying the UMTS
Handover Analysis (Intra Freq) screen layout from
Layouts
UMTS
UMTS Handover Analysis (Intra Freq)
101
H andover Events
The following events and thresholds are in use in the WCDMA handover
algorithm:
Radio Link Addition
Event 1A
If Pilot Ec/Io > Best Pilot Ec/Io reporting range + hysteresis 1A for a
period of t and the active set is not full, the cell is added to the active
set.
Radio Link Removal
Event 1B
If Pilot Ec/Io < Best Pilot Ec/Io reporting range hysteresis 1B for a
period of t, then the cell is removed from the active set.
Combined Radio Link Addition and Removal
Event 1C
If the active set is full and Best candidate Pilot Ec/Io > Worst Pilot Ec/Io +
hysteresis 1C for a period of t, then the weakest cell in the active cell is
replaced by the strongest candidate cell.
These are the basic, standardised handover events and they are UE triggered
event. As for other, more complicated handover algorithms will be vendor
dependant and you can make use of the available measurement report data
to obtain the information you need.
102
UE Measurement reports
Depending on the handover type (MEHO or NEHO), different measurement
reporting criteria can be used. These measurement reports give the
necessary information to the RNC (NEHO) or UE (MEHO) to trigger a
handover, but they also allow the RF engineer to understand the behaviour of
the UE/network in certain conditions (load, location). Measurements done by
the UE are collectable during drive tests, whereas Node B measurements
have to be found in the Iub traces.
In a UE report, the following Ies are included to identify the neighbours; PCPICH information, UTRA RF channel number (for IF measurement reports),
BCCH freq (for GSM IS measurement report).
Event triggered Intra- Freq measurement report

Event 1A: P-CPICH enters the reporting range
Event 1B: P-CPICH leaves the reporting range
Event 1C: non active P-CPICH becomes better than an active one
Event 1D: Change of best cell (affects the reporting range, but not
the active set)
Event 1E: P-CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold plus
optional hyst.
Event 1F: P-CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold minus
optional hyst.
Periodic Intra- Frequency measurement report

Event triggered measurement reports typically cause an active set update. If
for one or another reason (hardware, software resources) this update cannot
take place. The UE will switch to periodic reporting until, the HO took place,
the conditions are no longer fulfilled or it has reached the maximum number
of periodic measurement reports.
Inter- Frequency
Intersystem Measurement Report
They are always periodic and the way of using the measurements in
handover algorithms is not part of the standard.
103
UE Internal measurements
The UE internal measurements can be divided in two groups:
measurements to indicate the status of the mobile TX power
measurements to indicate the UE TX RX time difference
The first group of measurements can be used by the RNC to trigger interRNC or system handover. The second group is used to adjust the downlink
DPCH air interface timing, when the difference ion time between the UE
uplink DPCCH/DPDCH frame transmission and the first significant path of the
downlink DPCH frame from a measured active set cell becomes too large.
Event 6A: UE TX power becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Event 6B: UE TX power becomes less than an absolute threshold
Event 6C: UE TX power reaches its minimum value (-50 dBm)
Event 6D: UE TX power reaches its maximum value (21 dBm)
Event 6E: UE RSSI reaches the UE s dynamic receiver range
Event 6F: UE Rx Tx time difference for a radio link included in the
active set becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Event 6G: UE Rx Tx time difference for a radio link included in the
active set becomes less than an absolute threshold
104
Handover Attributes and Related Events

Uu_HandoffOK ( Handoff OK)
ActiveSetUpdate message
(Uu_RRC_MsgType == ActiveSetUpdate)
ActiveSetUpdateComplete message
(Uu_RRC_MsgType == ActiveSetUpdateComplete)
Note:
This attribute is only incremented if the RRC event Diagram is in the RRC
Connected State.
Uu_HandoffFail (Handoff Failure)

ActiveSetUpdate message (Uu_RRC_MsgType ==
ActiveSetUpdate)
ActiveSetUpdateFailure message (Uu_RRC_MsgType ==
ActiveSetUpdateFailure)
Note:
This attribute is only incremented if the RRC event Diagram is in the
RRC Connected State.
Uu_Handover_toGSM (Handover to GSM event OK)

HandoverfromUTRANcommand
Uu_RRC_MsgType == HandoverfromUTRANcommand-GSM
And then
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Handover Complete
OR
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Measurement Report for 10
concessive message
CellChangeOrderfromUTRAN
Uu_RRC_MsgType == CellChangeOrderfromUTRAN
And then
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Channel Request
OR
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Immediate Assignment
OR
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Immediate Assignment Extended
Note:
One of the above must be received before the expiry of the timer
Uu_t309_wait_timer
105
Uu_Handover_toGSM_Failure (Handover to GSM event Failure)

HandoverfromUTRANcommand
Uu_RRC_MsgType == HandoverfromUTRANcommand-GSM
And then
Uu_RRC_MsgType == HandoverFromUTRANFailure
OR
Any GSM or UMTS BCCH messages.
OR
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Channel Request
OR
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Request
CellChangeOrderfromUTRAN
Uu_RRC_MsgType == CellChangeOrderfromUTRAN
And then
Uu_RRC_MsgType == CellChangeOrderFromUTRANFailure
OR
Any UMTS BCCH messages.
OR
Timer Expiry, which is configured by threshold
Uu_T309_Wait_Timer
OR
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Request
Uu_Handover_toUTRAN (Handover to UMTS event)
Uu_RRC_MsgType == HandovertoUTRANcomplete
Note:
If a call is completed in GSM mode (after the handover from UTRAN
to GSM), the call event will appear in the GSM section of the
Workspace Explorer window.
Uu_IRAT_Reselection3G2G, Uu_IRAT_Reselection2G3G
(IRAT Reselection)
If a device is determined to be idle, and system information from the
other technology is seen then there will be an event to indicate there has
been a technology change.
Uu_CellReselection (Cell Reselection)
If a device is determined to be in Cell Fach and there is a server cell
change, then there will be a event to indicate there has been a Cell
reselection.
106
Uu_IFHO_OK (Inter-Freq Handover Event OK)

This attributes indicates that a UE has performed an Inter-Freq handover
successfully.
Uu_IFHO_Failure (Inter-Freq Handover Event Failure)
This attributes indicates that a UE has performed an Inter-Freq handover
failure.
Uu_UE_HandoffState (UE Handoff State)
The handoff state algorithm has the following components:
The Active Set information from the Handset
Using the geographic information in the log file and the SC, the network
element database is searched to identify the Sector and Cell IDs of the SC
Handoff state is calculated by determining the configuration of the sectors
in the Active Set
107
Handoff Analysis
The Handoff Analysis module uses the Simulated Active Set to determine the
handoff state at each point along a drive test. Statistics on handoff state
may then be calculated and presented in a report format. Excessive handoff
state reduces capacity and increases infrastructure costs for a given traffic
level. Please see the Simulated Active Set section for more details on how
the Active Set is estimated based on WCDMA scanner measurements.
The handoff state algorithm has the following components:
The Active Set of pilots is determined using the Simulated Active Set
module.
network element database is searched to identify the Sector and Cell
IDs of the SC.
Handoff state is calculated by determining the configuration of the
sectors in the Active Set.
All bins in the log file are then processed into the handoff state
matrix.
Reports showing the percentage of handoff state for each sector and for the
total drive test may then be calculated.
108
The Handoff State Analysis examines Sector IDs involved in call at a given
drive test point and determines which of the above states applies, based on
UMTS scanner data:
Figure 5 - Handoff State Descriptions
Perform the following steps to access the Handoff Analysis report:

Step
Action
1


Network Rollout.
Double-click on the Handoff Analysis report icon in the lower

pane of the Application Pack.
UMTS Accelerated
109
The populated Handoff Analysis report will look like this:
Figure 6 - Handoff Analysis Report Output
110
Exercise 4 : Handover
Exam Your Own Data
Load logfile and select handover scenario
Display on graph the quality indicators per cell
Display handover triggers
How can they be influenced (which parameters)
Study missing neighbours
Do we automatically add missing neighbours to the neighbour list?
111
Chapter 7
Report
Creating Reports
You may want to create high-level management reports based on your
collected data. You can print from map and chart windows, but the Workbook
function (using Microsoft Excel ) allows you to collate these views and
perform other data analysis functions to produce an integrated, polished
report.
Actix makes the creation of user-definable report templates effortless, by
allowing users to have a direct access to MS Excel. The easiest way to get
data into reports is to use the right-mouse selection Display on Workbook,
which automatically displays three types of datasets in Excel: series data,
statistical data, and histogram data.
Note: Series data always takes the longest to re-generate as a template.
112
Exercise 5: Single File Report Template

Objective
The objective of this exercise is to create a report template that will return
KPIs from one file. Create a report template from existing parameters and
queries which can be run on any file. This will return the total number of
dropped calls, a histogram of the handoff state, the average call setup time,
mean (linear) RSCP for the strongest SC in the Active Set and total call
duration for all calls in the whole file.
Procedure
Step
Action
Choose and load a log file.
Based on the requirement, this report can be separated into

existing KPIs and new KPIs (new queries).
Existing KPIs:
Average call setup time
(Uu_TimeBetweenRRC_REQandCallStart)
Total Dropped Call (Uu_CallDropped)
New KPIs:
HandOff State Histogram
Mean(linear) RSCP from the strongest Active Set SC
Total Call duration for the whole file
The Handoff State is an attribute (Dedicated Radio Link
Uu_UE_HandOffState) that you can drag and drop to a
workbook to obtain an automatic histogram view of data.
Somehow, we are trying to create a generic report template to be
run on other files. To use the automatic view, the legends will be
controlled through the format group of the parameter and may
filter out ranges not found in the file. For this reason, we need to
force the number of ranges used in the histogram through a
query.
Display the call setup time parameter

Uu_TimeBetweenRRC_REQandCallStart (from the
UMTS
Statistics Data data group) on a workbook.
113
Step
4
Action
Keep the workbook open. Switch back to Actix Software and
display the Uu_CallDropped (from UMTS
Event Data
Call
data group) on the existing workbook (active workbook).
Notice how all three views from these two attributes have been added
to the workbook (Series, Histogram and S.tatistic Formatted Data
tabs).
5
Save your workbook
To create new query, goto Analysis Manager (ctrl- A)
Create a histogram query using the Uu_UE_HandoffState

parameter, and creating discrete values from 0 (inclusive) to 6
(inclusive).
Create a crosstab query with FileName from the Attribute

Picker(
) as the dimension, and add 2 new statistics for:
Mean (linear) of Uu_ActiveSet_RSCP[0] formatted as

WCDMA RSCP, and
Sum of Uu_CallDuration formatted as Time.
9
Save your query into the workspace and check the results are
accurate.
10
Open the report template through the Workbook

Open
Workbook/Report menu option, and choose to run it on your log
file.
11
Right-click on Queries folder, find your new query and display it on

the existing workbook. It will be added to a new sheet called
Crosstab Formatted Data.
12
These tabs will contain the results from whatever file you run the
report template on. Open Sheet 1 and create your KPI statistics
here as follows (see next page):
114
Holding Time or Mean Time Between

Failures = call duration / drops (roughly)
From Statistics
results
From Crosstab
results
From Histogram results
Step
Action
13
Now go back into the all other sheets and delete the raw data
from row 2 downwards. This cleans the report template so that it
can be run on any other file, of varying size.
14
Save your report template.
15
Open another log file and run the report template on this file as
you did in step 10. Compare the results.
115
Where to Get More Help

Help File
Analyzer includes comprehensive online help, which can be accessed
by clicking on Help menu on the main menu. The primary help
documentation can be found under Help
Con t e n t s. You can look
up information about a particular topic either by choosing an item
from the index or by entering keywords and performing a search.
Key
Word
Search
Result
Actix Online Help Showing Search Results For cellrefs
Specific information, like the definition of engineering parameters, can

be accessed by clicking on Help
Show Context Help. You can look
up an item in the alphabetized list, or you can open the Context Help
window, then click on an item in the Workspace.
116
Attribute
Definition
Selected
Attribute
Highlighted Item in the Workspace and the Corresponding Entry in Attribute Help
The contents of the Help window can be printed, stored under

Favorites, and resized or minimized to enable side-by-side review as
operations are performed in Analyzer.
117
Technical Support
Technical support is available by phone, email, and on the Actix Web site.
Technical personnel are located in London UK, USA, and Singapore to provide
assistance. In the EMEA technical support can be reached at:
Phone
: +44 (02) 8735 6300
Email
: EMEAsupport@actix.com or support@actix.com
Web (Extranet): www.myactix.com
MyActix (Extranet)
If you would like to obtain the latest information of the software release,
problem reporting, support issues, access to our self-study modules or
Knowledge Base, please register yourself at http://www.myActix.com
Click on Release tab to download the latest release of Actix Software

Click on News tab
Self- Study Module News Items to download
all the self-study recordings (in WebEx and Flash)
Click on Analyzer Knowledge Base to access information from
Knowledge Base.
118
Appendix A
Event Data
UMTS Event Definitions
Call Events
Call Event Name
Triggering Sequence
(1)
Uu_OutgoingCallOK
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Request with

Uu_RRC_RRCConnectionRequest_establishmentCause equals
any of the following:
*RRC_OriginatingConversationalCall
*RRC_OriginatingStreamingCall
*RRC_OriginatingInteractiveCall
*RRC_OriginatingBackgroundCall
*RRC_OriginatingSubscribedTrafficCall
*RRC_Registration
(1)
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Setup
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Setup Complete
(1)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM CM Service Request

GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Authentication Request
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Authentication Response

Uu_RRC_MsgType == Security Mode Command
Uu_RRC_MsgType == Security Mode Complete
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Setup
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Call Proceeding

Uu_RRC_MsgType == Radio Bearer Setup
(*)
(*)
Uu_RRC_MsgType == Radio Bearer Setup Complete

GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Connect
(*)
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Alerting OR CC Connect

Acknowledge
(1)
At least one of those messages (RRC Connection Request, Setup or

Complete) needs to be present to initiate the call setup
(*)
The messages with the symbol star are usually present but not
mandatory
Uu_IncomingCallOK
Uu_RRC_MsgType == PagingType1 with

Uu_RRC_PagingRecord_cn_Identity_pagingCause equals any of
the following:
*TerminatingConversationalCall
*TerminatingStreamingCall
*TerminatingInteractiveCall
*TerminatingBackgroundCall
(2)

119
Call Event Name
Triggering Sequence
(2)
(2)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == RR Paging response

GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Authentication Request
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Authentication Response

Uu_RRC_MsgType == Security Mode Command
Uu_RRC_MsgType == Security Mode Complete
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Setup
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Call Proceeding

Uu_RRC_MsgType == Radio Bearer Setup
(*)
(*)
Uu_RRC_MsgType == Radio Bearer Setup Complete

GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Connect
(*)
(*)
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Alerting OR CC Connect

Acknowledge
(2)

Complete) needs to be present to initiate the call setup. Paging type 1
message is required for an incoming call.
(1)

Complete) needs to be present to initiate the call setup
(*)
The messages with the symbol star are usually present but not
mandatory

*RRC_Registration
Then any of the following options:
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Reject or
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Setup
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Release or
*Any BCCH messages during the call setup
120
Call Event Name

Triggering Sequence
Uu_RRC_MsgType == PagingType1 with
Uu_RRC_PagingRecord_cn_Identity_pagingCause equals any of
the following:
Then any of the following options:
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Reject or
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Setup
*Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Release or
*Any BCCH messages during the call setup
Uu_CallCompleted
When in Call (Outgoing Call Ok or Incoming Call Ok), you get one
of the following messages:
*GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Disconnect or
*GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Release Complete or
*GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Release
And any of the above messages with a normal cause for ending
the call (CauseCodeCC is equal or less than 31)
Uu_CallDropped
When in Call (Outgoing Call Ok or Incoming Call Ok), you get any
of the following options:
Any BCCH Message or
Uu_RRC_MsgType == RRC Connection Release AND Release
Cause is not Normal or
One of the following messages:
*(GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Disconnect) OR
*(GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Release Complete) OR
*(GSM_Um_Msg_Type == CC Release)
*AND any of the above messages with NOT a normal cause for
ending the call (CauseCodeCC is greater than 31)
Uu_LocationUpdateOK
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Location Updating Request

GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Location Updating Accept
Uu_LocationUpdateFail
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Location Updating Request
121
Call Event Name
Triggering Sequence
GSM_Um_Msg_Type == MM Location Updating Reject
Event Data
RRC Events
RRC Event Name

Uu_OutgoingRRC_ConnectionOK
Triggering Sequence
*RRC_Registration
Uu_IncomingRRC_ConnectionOK

122
Event Data
RAB Events
RAB Event Name
Triggering Sequence
Uu_RadioBearerSetupOK
RAB Setup message

Followed by RAB Setup Complete
Uu_RadioBearerSetupFail
RAB Setup message

Followed by RAB Setup Failure
Uu_RadioBearerReleaseOK
RAB Release message

Followed by RAB Release Complete
Uu_RadioBearerReleaseFail
RAB Release message

Followed by RAB Release Failure
Event Data
Coverage Events
All Coverage Events which make use of thresholds may be customized by the
user in the Tools
Display Thresholds menu.
Coverage Event Name
Triggering Condition(s)
Uu_PilotPollution
4 or more pilots detected above Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold
Uu_TooManyServers
4 or more pilots are detected within X dB of the server, threshold X is set

by the user as Uu_TooManyServersThreshold
Uu_System_Interference
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet < Uu_EcNoInterferenceThreshold and

CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet > Uu_RSCP_InterferenceThreshold
Uu_Coverage_Limited
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet < Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold and

CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet < Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold and
UeTransmittedPower > Uu_CoverageLimitedUE_TxPowerThreshold
Uu_PoorDL_Coverage
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet < Uu_Poor_EcNo_Threshold and

CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet < Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold and
UeTransmittedPower < Uu_LowUE_TxPower_Threhold
Uu_PoorUL_Coverage
CPICH_EcNo_in_ActiveSet > Uu_Poor_EcNoThreshold and

CPICH_RSCP_in_ActiveSet > Uu_Poor_RSCP_Threshold and
UeTransmittedPower > Uu_HighUE_TxPower_Threshold
123
Coverage Event Name
Triggering Condition(s)
Uu_HandoverProblem
This event monitors the Ec/No of Monitored Set SCs with the Ec/No of
Active Set SCs in an 8 second window prior to each dropped call. The
Uu_HandoverProblem event is pegged if the Monitored Set SCs are
stronger than the Active Set SCs more often than the Active Set SCs are
stronger than the Monited Set SCs.
Uu_MissingNeighbor
SC in Active Set after drop is not in Active Set before drop and
SC in Active Set after drop is not in Neighbor List before drop
Event Data
Handoff Events
Handoff Event Name

Uu_HandoffOK
Triggering Sequence
ActiveSetUpdate message (Uu_RRC_MsgType == ActiveSetUpdate)
ActiveSetUpdateComplete message (Uu_RRC_MsgType ==
ActiveSetUpdateComplete)
Uu_HandoffFail
ActiveSetUpdate message (Uu_RRC_MsgType == ActiveSetUpdate)

ActiveSetUpdateFailure message (Uu_RRC_MsgType ==
ActiveSetUpdateFailure)
124

Actix Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Actix Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Tr ou ble sh oot ing a n d Opt im izin g

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

HANDOFF ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................ 108

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Who should attend this training course?

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

A computer meeting optimal (or at least minimum)

Pentium II 440 MHz

To install the application

Mouse and keyboard

In addition to the hardware requirements listed above, the Actix

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Identifying the impact of wide area network optimization

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Service Definition and

Site and Cluster

KPI Definition and

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Network Design Validation

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Scanner Attributes (Coverage Related Events)

Uu_Scan_TooManyServer (Too Many Servers)

Other Information Attributes (Emulated Active Set Module)

CPICH Pollution Analysis and Handoff Analysis are both based on a

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Using Scanner Ec/Io measurements to implement 3GPP handoff algorithms

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Setting 3GPP handoff algorithm attributes including Reporting Range:

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

UE Thresholds, Preference & Attributes

Uu_EcNoInterferenceThreshold (System Interference)

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Uu_PilotPollutionThreshold (Pilot Pollution)

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

UE Attributes (Coverage Related Events)

Example of system interference before a dropped call

Uu_PoorUL_Coverage (Poor Uplink Coverage)

Example of poor uplink coverage before a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Uu_PoorDL_Coverage (Poor Downlink Coverage)

Example of poor downlink coverage before a dropped call

Uu_CoverageLimited (Coverage Limited)

Example of coverage limited problem before a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Uu_PilotPollution (Pilot Pollution)

Example of pilot pollution before a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Uu_TooManyServer (Too Many Servers)

Example of too many servers around a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

UE Attributes (System Related Events)

Example of handover problems before a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

Uu_MissingNeighbour (Missing Neighbours)

So, in other words:

Example of missing neighbour before a dropped call

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

The UE (Samsung Mobile in above example) provides real measured values,

Troubleshooting and Optimizing UMTS Network Workshop

The following tips should be considered when measuring the network: