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Running head: TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

Internship Plan
Lauren Jones
Triad Health Project
801 Summit Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27405
Site Preceptor: Scott Trent
Co-Preceptor: Lisa Foster
December 9th, 2016

Signed by:
Student: _______________________________________

Date: ___________________

Agency Preceptor: _______________________________

Date: ___________________

Internship Coordinator: ___________________________

Date: ___________________

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

Part 1: Problem Definition and Description

An estimated 1.1 million people in the United States are living with HIV/AIDS. Of this
population, approximately 21% are unware that they are infected and may be unknowingly
affecting others (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016b). Human
Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, has existed in the United States since the mid to late 1970s
(HHS, 2016b). The virus attacks the bodys immune system and weakens its ability to fight other
viruses and illnesses. When left untreated, the body will continue to destroy the cells needed to
fight infection, and the compromised immune system will develop into the final stage of HIV,
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS (HHS, 2016b). HIV is transmitted through body
fluids such as blood, semen, and breast milk. The sharing of needles can also spread HIV.
Engaging in sexual activities and drug use are the most common ways to contract HIV (HHS,
2016b). Currently, there is still no cure for HIV, but science has made it possible to prolong the
lives of individuals living with HIV. Although HIV has remained prevalent in the country, media
attention and advocacy efforts have declined over the years; leading to Americans receiving less
information about HIV/AIDS. This epidemic is far from over and the need for prevention
education is in high demand.
Minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS (HHS, 2016b). From 2005 to
2014, 65% of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were non-white. African Americans account
for 44% of HIV diagnosis. Hispanics/Latinos account for 23%. Gay and bisexual men remain the
most affected subgroup at a diagnosis of 48%, followed by heterosexuals at 28%, and
intravenous drug users at 19% (HHS, 2016b). Roughly 19 million new cases occur every year in
conjunction with other STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Individuals with an
STD are two to five times more likely to acquire HIV if they are exposed (HHS, 2016b).

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

The southern region of the United States has the greatest number of individuals living
with HIV/AIDS and death rates as a result of HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2013). In North Carolina, an estimated 33,000 people are living with HIV/AIDS. 25% of these
individuals were diagnosed in the final stages of HIV, leading to an estimated 527 deaths a year
in the state due to AIDS (CDC, 2013). The south has a higher level of unemployment, poverty
and uninsured individuals, in comparison to the rest of the country. This is due to the higher
proportion of individuals who reside in rural areas where there may be less access to health care
(Legrand & Toth, 2009). In addition to the dwindling access to healthcare for many individuals,
federal funding for HIV and STD services has continued to decrease. Of the federal funds
allotted for HIV/AIDS programs, only 4% of the funds are used for prevention services.
Although a large proportion of individuals living with HIV/AIDS resides in the South, this area
is only allocated 20% of private funding for HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention (Legrand &
Toth, 2009). The lifetime medical care costs for a person living with HIV/AIDS totals to
$402,000. In 2013, these costs exceeded $572.1 million for North Carolina residents (CDC,
2013). Therefore, HIV is not only a burden on the affected individual, but also the economy.
Prevention measures may be a strategic way to rid the nation of HIV and cut costs for the
economy.
Description of the Non-Health Problem
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a recently new prevention method for the spread of
HIV. Individuals who are not HIV-positive are now able to reduce their risk of becoming infected
through a prescription pill that is taken every day. When PrEP is taken consistently, the risk of
HIV is reduced by up to 92% when combined with condoms (HHS, 2016a). PrEP is suggested
for people who are HIV-negative and have an elevated risk of contracting HIV. This includes

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

people who are not in monogamous relationships, gay or bisexual males, heterosexual males and
females who do not regularly use condoms, and anyone who may have injected drugs in the last
six months (CDC, 2016). Although PrEP is a prevention treatment for HIV/AIDS, PrEP does not
prevent against other STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. (CDC, 2016). Those
using PrEP are required to visit their health care provider every three months for follow-up. The
cost of the PrEP treatment is covered by many health insurance plans; therefore, PrEP can only
be prescribed by a health care provider (HHS, 2016a).
PrEP was approved by the FDA in 2012 (CDC, 2014). Although the effectiveness has
proven to be a positive prevention measure for HIV, very little people know of its existence.
Health care providers are a large barrier between the promotion of the PrEP treatment and
clients. The major reasons why many physicians hesitate to advocate for the drug include:
Ethical concerns with prescribing drugs to healthy people, the fear that the pill will serve as a
party drug and be used as a substitute for condoms which may increase the prevalence of STIs,
and the fear that PrEP will encourage users to have more sexual partners (Newells, 2016).
Generally, it takes five to ten years for new medical interventions to become widely used in the
U.S.; such as birth control (Newells, 2016). By the time PrEP treatments receive more
recognition the medication may be off patent. Therefore, the non-health problem that will be
addressed through this internship is the lack of the advertising and support of PrEP treatments.
This calls for urgency in the education and advocacy of PrEP treatments in the country.
Relevance of Problem to Agency
The Triad Health Project (THP) provides support to HIV-positive individuals and works
to educate those at risk about HIV/AIDS. THP is currently working to develop strategies to
advocate and spread awareness for the PrEP treatments. Health educators at THP offer direct

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

client services to empower HIV-positive individuals. These case management services focus on
connecting clients with resources and support for nutritional services, substance abuse treatment,
and medical care such as PrEP. However, because the treatment is not widespread, linking these
patients to physicians who offer PrEP is difficult. This is a major threat to the success of the
treatment. THPs goal is to educate local healthcare providers about PrEP treatment in hopes to
increase the usage. However, THP faces a lack of federal funding for domestic HIV/STD
services. On the other hand, a great strength of the THP is the range of partners around the triad
that support and assist the clinic. Some of these partners include: Guilford County Department of
Public Health, Piedmont Health Services, and Nia Community Action Center. With the help of
these partners, THP is able to offer assistance to individuals needing support. Although THP has
many resources to educate clients about sexual health and HIV/STD prevention, more support
from physicians for the PrEP treatment would help to advance the treatment and potentially
prevent HIV/AIDS. The SWOT analysis below identifies the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats that THP encounters.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Dedicated health educators
Large number of volunteers
Large network of community partners
Opportunities
Education for HIV prevention
Empowering community
Relationship with community partners

Weaknesses
Limited federal funding
Lack of ability to track those at risk of
HIV
Threats
Stigma around HIV/AIDS
Little support from local physicians
Community awareness of PrEP

Ethical Analysis
Physicians are responsible for managing their patients health at all costs. They play an
important role in facilitating ethical and moral decisions for a patients care. Physicians refusing
to offer the PrEP treatment to healthy individuals to prevent HIV/AIDS is a frustrating ethical

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

dilemma. As previously mentioned, many physicians refuse to provide PrEP treatment because
they believe it will be serve as a substitute for condoms and therefore lead to an increase in other
STIs. This fear may be a result of these physicians reluctance to learn about the science and
workings of the drug. Because the cost of PrEP is covered by many health insurance plans, PrEP
can only be prescribed by health care providers. The resistance with PrEP raises the question of
ethical issues for physicians. The principle of beneficence means that physicians must always act
in the best interest of their patients. Patients at risk of HIV may lack medical expertise for how to
remain HIV-negative and therefore, rely on their physician to offer medical advice. Therefore,
physicians must put their patients wants and needs ahead of their own interests; which may be
difficult. The principle of non-maleficence is also an ethical issue that is relevant for physicians
and their patients at risk of HIV/AIDs. Non-maleficence suggests that physicians do no harm
to patients. Therefore, physicians should not suggest ineffective treatments or act maliciously
toward their patients. These ethical issues arise because physicians are resistant to support PrEP.
Not offering the medication to patients who could be benefit most from the medication may be
doing more harm than they believe.
The THPs goal of eliminating new HIV/AIDS cases in Guilford County is a goal that
requires support and engagement from clients, volunteers, and physicians. Individuals who are
most at risk of HIV should be aware of various options to stay HIV-negative, such as PrEP. The
THP has a theme that asks the public to be One 4 Zero. Education on and advocating for PrEP
treatments is a step toward this hope. By eliminating the stigma associated with HIV and
treatment, its possible to reach zero and no one may test positive for HIV ever again.

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

Part 2: Problem Analysis

Despite what is known about sexual health and HIV prevention, prevalence rates have
continued to rise (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). When HIV first
emerged in the U.S., men who had sex with men were the primary individuals affected. HIV is
now seen in both men and women of all races, and affects people of all sexual orientations
(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2016). Although HIV is manageable
with the advancement of science today, without early treatment the virus weakens the immune
system and increases the chances of contracting other opportunistic diseases such as tuberculosis,
Cryptococcal meningitis, and lymphomas (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and
Research, 2016). Therefore, new innovative tools, such as PrEP, are needed to prevent HIV in the
U.S.
HIV prevention requires education on multiple levels. Therefore, the social ecological
model would be the best blueprint to use when analyzing HIV prevention. Factors that influence
sexual health are present in each level of the model. On the intrapersonal level, knowledge,
skills, and motivation are traits that affect behavior. Social support affects the interpersonal level.
The community level consists of factors such as stigma around HIV and cultural norms.
Competent providers, and friendly and welcoming environments affect HIV prevention on the
organizational level. Lastly, the policy level describes how access to services, education
curriculum, and political context may affect HIV education and prevention (Kaufman, Cornish,
Zimmerman & Johnson, 2015). The relationship between these factors may affect how likely an
individual is to practice the necessary precautions needed to prevent HIV/AIDS. The conceptual
map below (Figure 1) shows the analysis of the problem in relation to the Triad Health Projects
(THP) strategy to reduce new HIV/AIDS diagnosis in Guilford County.

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

Conceptual Map of HIV/AIDS Prevention

(Figure 1)

Reducing the number of new HIV/AIDS diagnosis in Guilford County requires much
work and maintenance for the Triad Health Project and their clients. First, to develop an effective
prevention method, its important that THP offers primary sexual health education to those at
risk. A common misconception with HIV is the transmission of the virus. The virus cannot thrive
outside of the body, therefore casual contact is not a mode of transmission (Perlmutter, Glaser, &
Oyugi, 2014). HIV is not spread through the shaking of hands, telephones, or food (Perlmutter,
Glaser, & Oyugi, 2014). HIV is spread from HIV-positive individuals through fluids of the body
such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and breast milk (Perlmutter, Glaser, & Oyugi,
2014). According to the CDC, 88% of new HIV cases are an outcome of sexual activity (Gilead
Sciences, 2016). Other common ways to spread HIV is through injection drug use, and
breastfeeding (Gilead Sciences, 2016). To address these issues, THP offers free sexual health
education and other services such as health coaching, and free HIV and STI testing in their
office.

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

THPs services are a strategy to overcome the intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers
previously mentioned; such as improving sexual health knowledge and prevention skills. Health
educators at THP offer free health coaching services to clients to encourage the behavior changes
that may lead to the prevention of HIV and other STIs. Health coaching facilitates behavior
change by identifying obstacles that may inhibit change, and developing strategies to overcome
these barriers (Duke Health, 2016). These coaching services are personalized to each client and
aids the individual in identifying their values and goals, and how to successfully achieve these
goals. Health coaching also bridges the gap between medical guidance and an individuals ability
to follow that advice (Duke Health, 2016). Through health coaching, health educators at THP
may also encourage clients and their partners to take advantage of THPs free confidential testing
services. Knowing your HIV status is beneficial when working to improve an individuals selfefficacy and strengthening interpersonal relationships. The CDC recommends that individuals
between the ages of 13 and 64 should be tested for HIV and other STIs as part of routine health
care, regardless of perceived risk (HHS, 2014). By offering free testing, THP encourages
individuals to protect themselves and the people they care about. One in six people living in the
U.S. are unaware they are HIV-positive, and may not always know the status of those in their
sexual network. Therefore, regular testing is important (HHS, 2014). Health educators at THP
will provide clients their results in person and offer health coaching to those in need.
In 2012, the FDA approved the medication, Truvada, for PrEP use (San Francisco AIDS
Foundation, 2015). When taken correctly, Truvada works by blocking the enzyme to prevent the
virus from making more copies of itself, and therefore preventing the spread of HIV (San
Francisco AIDS Foundation, 2015). The medication has proven to be 92% to 99% effective in
reducing the risk of contracting HIV, when used with condoms (San Francisco AIDS Foundation,

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

10

2015). Although the evidence is apparent that PrEP is an effective strategy to prevent HIV, the
prescription does not receive much marketing and is therefore unknown to those who would
benefit most from its uses. As mentioned earlier, a major barrier to the widespread use of PrEP
treatment is the hesitation of healthcare providers. Physicians hesitate to prescribe and advocate
for the use of PrEP because they fear it will be used as a substitute for condoms and encourage
users to have more sexual partners. Physicians may also have concerns with prescribing drugs to
healthy individuals.
The resistance of healthcare providers and physicians to educate themselves and their
patients about PrEP treatments, such as Truvada, is a hindrance to the future of HIV/AIDS
prevention. Currently in North Carolina, there are 51 healthcare providers that offer PrEP
treatment. However, in Guilford County, no providers offer the treatment. The next closest
providers are in Burlington, North Carolina and Winston-Salem, North Carolina (UNC School of
Medicine, 2016). Prices for the medication range from $0 to as high as $2,000 per month
depending on whether or not a patient has health insurance (UNC School of Medicine, 2016).
The goal of this internship project is to find a way to encourage local healthcare providers to
become more involved with HIV/AIDS prevention through PrEP education. By educating the
healthcare providers, the hope is to alter the stigma around HIV and encourage individuals, who
would benefit from PrEP, to ask questions about the treatment.
The education of local and state officials on PrEP treatments is also important for the
awareness of the medication. The AIDSWatch meeting is held yearly in Washington, D.C.
During the meeting, a caucus of individuals who have been affected by HIV along with elected
officials meet to discuss the issues affecting those living with HIV/AIDS (AIDS United
Community, 2016). Barriers such as food, housing, and affordable treatments, such as PrEP, are

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

11

common topics during these meetings (AIDS United Community, 2016). The stories and facts
presented to the elected officials help to raise awareness for the populations needs and concerns
for their future. THP attends these meetings to advocate for HIV prevention and the PrEP
treatments. AIDSWatch meetings are an effective strategy that reminds lawmakers that the HIVpositive community is one that needs attention now, and will not let up until there are changes.
PrEP treatments are a relatively new science for HIV/AIDS prevention. Therefore, there
has been minimal progress with the widespread use of PrEP. THP, however, has continued
working with the medical community to broaden the availability of PrEP. THP is currently
working with the NC AIDS Training and Education Center (NC-ATEC) in Chapel Hill and the
Guilford County Health Department to provide HIV testing and prevention education to
communities (YES! Weekly, 2016). THP has been able to assist with the care of over 550 people
in the community living with HIV/AIDS, and offer education and free confidential testing to an
additional 2,000 people every year (YES! Weekly, 2016). Yet, more work must be done to market
and push for PrEP treatments. The internship project through THP will hopefully make a great
impact on the awareness and use of PrEP treatments for HIV prevention in Greensboro, North
Carolina and the country. This innovation is a step closer to THPs goal of reducing the number
of new HIV cases in the county to zero. By the end of the internship, the hope is to educate local
healthcare providers about PrEP treatments, encourage these physicians to begin offering the
treatments in their offices, and also encourage patients at high risk to consider taking the
medication in efforts to prevent new HIV/AIDS diagnosis.

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TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

Part 3: Internship Activities Plan
The purpose of this internship is to educate the community and healthcare providers
about PrEP treatments, and to advocate for its usage. This internship consists of five major
activities which target the two public health competencies for planning health education, and
communicating and advocating for health and health education. These activities will focus on
educating individuals who may be at high-risk for HIV/AIDS about PrEP treatments, and
encouraging the remaining community to learn more about PrEP treatments. The proposed

activities which are detailed in a logic model below include offering educational materials about
PrEP treatments to local physicians and high-risk populations, encouraging local elected officials
to support PrEP treatments, designing theory-based strategies to promote PrEP treatments,
addressing stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, and conducting literature reviews on PrEP
treatment trials. The hope is that by educating the community about the advantages of PrEP
treatments, the medication will become more widespread, and therefore reduce the prevalence of
new diagnosis for HIV/AIDS. Below is a logic model that identifies the inputs, activities, and
expected outputs and outcomes for the internship.
Logic Model:
Inputs:
Resources dedicated
to or consumed by
the program or
internship
- Trained health
educators
- Local healthcare
providers
- High-risk
HIV/AIDS
populations
- Local and elected

Activities:
What the program
internship does with
the inputs to fulfill its
mission
Recruit local health
care providers and
high-risk populations
in Guilford County to
supply PrEP
education materials
to.

Outputs:
The direct products
of program or
internship activities

Outcomes:
Results anticipated
as a consequence of
the Outputs

Share prepared PrEP

educational material
with 15 local
physicians.
Provide prepared
PrEP educational
material to all
individuals who visit

Increase knowledge
about PrEP among
Physicians and highrisk populations.
Increase the number
of physicians in
Guilford County who
offer PrEP.

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TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

state officials
Volunteers
Partners in the
community who
support
HIV/AIDS
prevention and
education
Supportive PrEP
research

THP and partnership

offices.

Educate local and

state officials about
PrEP.
Design theory-based
strategies to promote
PrEP treatments.

Develop educational
materials that address
stigma associated
with HIV/AIDS.
Conduct literature
reviews on PrEP
treatment trails.

Contact 5 officials in
Guilford County and
share PrEP education
materials.
PrEP education
materials shared on
THPs Facebook
account more
frequently.
Partnerships share
prepared PrEP
material in their
offices.
Infographic that
explains negative
stigmas about
HIV/AIDS is
published on THPs
website.
Summary report of
literature review
findings.

Increase the amount

of high-risk
populations who
utilize PrEP
treatments.
Increase the number
of state officials who
support and advocate
for PrEP.
High-risk populations
are more aware of
PrEP treatments and
its advantages.

Reduce negative
stigma associated
with HIV/AIDS.

Gain better
understanding of
PrEP treatments to be
better able to educate
the community and
high-risk populations.

PrEP Education for Physicians and High-Risk Populations

As mentioned in Part 2 of this internship proposal, no healthcare providers offer PrEP
treatments in Guilford County (UNC School of Medicine, 2016). A large barrier to the
widespread use of PrEP may be the hesitation among healthcare providers and physicians to
prescribe the treatment. Stigmas associated with PrEP, such as the fear of promoting more sexual
partners and the reduction of condom use, are known barriers that affect the support of PrEP.
Therefore, supplying physicians with supportive research and data that is in favor of the PrEP

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

14

treatments will hopefully encourage more physicians to look more into the treatments and its
advantages, and begin offering the treatments in their office. After receiving educational
materials, local physicians may also reach out to known populations at high-risk, such as men
who have sex with men, individuals who dont regularly use condoms, and intravenous drug
users. These clients may then be referred to THP for PrEP education and HIV/AIDS counseling.
Encouraging Local Elected Officials to Support PrEP Treatments
The education of local and state officials about PrEP treatments may be just as important
as the education for local physicians. Making officials aware of the advantages of PrEP
treatments, and calling for them to take action may increase the utilization of the medication
(AIDS Action Committee, 2016). Communicating with local officials is also a direct way to
increase the awareness for the HIV/AIDS populations needs and concerns. By reaching out to
local and state officials and educating these individuals on the advantages of PrEP treatments,
THP may be able to increase the awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention treatments and therefore
decrease the prevalence in the county. Having the approval of these officials may also improve
the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.
Designing Theory-based Strategies to Promote PrEP Treatment
Innovative strategies are needed to advocate for the PrEP treatment and increase the
publics awareness of the medication. Currently, infographics are available on THPs website that
discuss the transmission of HIV/AIDS and the advantages of PrEP treatment. However, it would
also be beneficial to explore other modes of education such as social media. Because Facebook is
popular today, finding a way to utilize this social platform to advocate for PrEP would be
worthwhile. Maintaining the partnerships with the Guilford County Department of Public Health,
Piedmont Health Services, and Nia Community Action Center is also another strategy for

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

15

promoting PrEP. Working with these well-known organizations to advocate for PrEP treatments
may increase awareness for the medication across a range of populations that may not be reached
through only THP. Maintaining these partnerships and working together to offer education and
marketing for PrEP treatments will therefore increase the awareness and knowledge of the
medication.
Addressing Stigma Associated with HIV/AIDS
By attacking the negative stigma associated with HIV/AIDS and PrEP treatments, THP
may have a better chance of decreasing transmission rates for HIV. The negative stigma of
HIV/AIDS is a result of the publics uncertainty of the viruss transmission and treatments (AIDS
Action Committee, 2016). Because of the stigma, the public may falsely believe that HIV is a
result of personal irresponsibility, HIV may be easily contagious, and a HIV-positive diagnosis
automatically results in death (AVERT, 2016a). The World Health Organization alludes to the
fear of stigma and discrimination as a contributor for why some people may be hesitant to get
tested for HIV and acquire information about medications, such as PrEP (AVERT, 2016a). This
unwillingness to get tested for HIV leads to more late diagnoses, which leads to the weakened
effects of medication. Ineffective treatments then increase the likelihood of transmitting HIV to
others, and early deaths (AVERT, 2016a). To reduce the stigma around HIV/AIDS, education is
key. Not only do high-risk populations need education on the topic of HIV/AIDS and prevention,
but the public as a whole. Therefore, an infographic will be developed to address negative
stigmas about HIV/AIDS and displayed on THPs website.
Conduct Literature Reviews on PrEP Treatment Trials
The purpose of the literature review is to develop a theoretical framework for the
promotion of PrEP treatments. Through research THP will be better able to develop the

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TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

educational materials that will be shared with the public. Secondary research will be conducted
on past treatment trials of PrEP treatments to determine the success or failures. This information
can then be used to make changes in the future, regarding the treatments. Knowing the feasibility
and risks of PrEP will improve THPs knowledge for the treatment and help to identify more
barriers that may hinder the widespread use of PrEP.
Gantt Chart
Below is a Gantt chart created to represent the timeline for the expected completion of
the mentioned internship activities with THP. The purpose of a Gantt chart is to display the
schedule for a project and to outline the tasks and activities involved (Gantt.Com, 2015).
Following the chart will offer the guidance needed to be successful.
Activity
Pre-internship
planning meetings
Internship progress
meetings
Contacting local
physicians
Contact Partnerships
Develop strategies to
promote PrEP
Educating
community about
stigma
Literature reviews
Contacting
local/state officials

Fall
201
6
X

January
2017

February
2017

March
2017

April
2017

May
2017

X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

The completion of these activities will ultimately lead to a successful internship project.
By completing the listed activities for educating the community about PrEP treatments, the goal

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

17

of reducing the number of new HIV diagnosis may be more attainable; achieving the Triad
Health Projects goal of making Guilford County One for Zero.
References
AIDS Action Committee. (2016). PrEP advocacy. Talk PrEP. Retrieved from http://talkprep
.org/prep-advocacy/
AIDS United Community. (2016). PrEP Kit. Resources. Retrieved from http://www.aids
united.org/resources/prep-kit
AVAC. (2016). Evidence and research. About PrEP. Retrieved from http://www.prepwatch.org/
about-prep/research/
AVERT. (2016a). Stigma, discrimination and HIV. AVERTing HIV and AIDS. Retrieved from
http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-social-issues/stigma-discrimination
AVERT. (2016b). Treatment as prevention (TASP). AVERTing HIV and AIDS. Retrieved
from http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/treatment-asprevention
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). PrEP guidance. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/CDCInterim-PrEP-Guidance-012811.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). North Carolina: 2013 state health profile.
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of HIV infection in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/PrEP
guidelines2014.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Retrieved

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from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/prep/
Duke Health. (2016). Integrative health coaching. Duke Integrative Medicine. Retrieved from
https://www.dukeintegrativemedicine.org/patient-care/individual-services/integrativehealth-coaching/
Gantt.Com. (2015). What is a Gantt Chart? Retrieved from http://www.gantt.com/
Gilead Sciences. (2016). Know how the virus spreads. Stop the Virus. Retrieved from
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Kaufman, M. R., Cornish, F., Zimmerman, R. S., & Johnson, B. T. (2015). Health behavior
change models for HIV prevention and AIDS care: Practical recommendations for a
multi-level approach. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66, 250-258.
Legrand, S. & Toth, M. (2009). HIV and STDs in Guilford County: A comprehensive guide for a
way forward. Center for Health Policy Health Inequities Program, Duke University.
Retrieved from http://www.conehealthfoundation.com/app/files/public/119/docfoundation-HIV-AIDS.pdf
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2016). Complications. Diseases and
Conditions: HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/hiv-aids/basics/risk-factors/con-20013732
Newells, R. (2016). When PrEP educators don't like PrEP: Minister Rob Newells' message to
naysayers. AVAC: Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.
avac.org/blog/when-prep-educators-dont-like-prep
Perlmutter, B. L., Glaser, J. B., & Oyugi, S. O. (2014). HIV and AIDS: causes and risk factors.
HIV and AIDS. Retrieved from http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseasesconditions/hiv-and-aids/causes-risk-factors.html

TRIAD HEALTH PROJECT INTERNSHIP PLAN

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San Francisco AIDS Foundation. (2015). What is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)? Retrieved
from http://men.prepfacts.org/the-basics/
UNC School of Medicine. (2016). Consumers interested in or currently taking PrEP. Keep it
Real with PrEP. Retrieved from http://www.med.unc.edu/ncaidstraining/prep/PrEP-forconsumers
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Who is at risk for HIV? HIV/AIDS
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