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Substation Automation Systems

IEC 61850 General

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Substation Automation IEC 61850 General

GENERAL

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IEC 61850 - General

Substation Automation

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IEC 61850 edition 2 standard series
Title: Communication Networks and Systems for
Power Utility Automation
The functionality goes far beyond traditional
solutions like DNP3, LON, IEC 60870-5-x, :

Real-time and client/server communication

Domain-specific and extensible object models
Configuration language
Using Ethernet, TCP/IP, and MMS
Self description of devices (contain information model)
Specification of conformance testing

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IEC 61850 original scope edition 1

Remote Control (NCC)

Technical Services

Station Level Equipment

Bay Control

CT/VT

Switchgear

Protection

CT/VT

Protection

Switchgear

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IEC 61850 - General

Substation Automation

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IEC 61850 scope edition 2
Remote Control (NCC)

Technical Services

Station Level Equipment

Bay Control

CT/VT

Switchgear

Protection

CT/VT

Protection

Switchgear

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Trends in application requirements

Deregulation adds to complexity due to
increased data sharing
Greater intelligence implies more points to be
monitored
Increased number of points implies higher costs
for maintaining databases
Commissioning costs in verifying points
More applications accessing the data
Increased complexity of the applications

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Substation Automation

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Design objectives for IEC 61850
Object oriented communications organize the
data by function to simplify distributed
applications
Standardized object models allow for application
interoperability
Self-description and Meta-Data allows for on-line
validation
Focus is shifting from data acquisition to Data
Management
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Features of IEC 61850

Interoperability between devices and application
functions through standardized data models and
information exchange
Free configuration of communication network
and allocation of functions to devices
Long term stability through decoupling of
application and communication

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IEC 61850 - General

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Application data & communication
Information
Models

Logical Nodes and Data

Information
Exchange

Service Interface (Abstract)

Communication
Protocols

(IEC 61850-7-4 / -7-3)

(IEC 61850-7-2)

Mapping to e.g. MMS and

TCP/IP/Ethernet
(IEC 61850-8-1 / -9-2)

Data

TCP/IP Network
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Data model & information exchange

Has a DATA
MODEL that can be
accessed
Request

IED
Response

Intelligent
Electronic
Device

The WHAT to
exchange
(IEC 61850-7-4
and 61850-7-3)

Event

The HOW to exchange (IEC

61850-7-2)
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Communication networks
Gateway

Station Level
Control

Bay Level

Control

Control

Protection

Protection

Process Level
HV Equipment

HV Equipment

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Communication networks
Gateway

Station Level
Control

Bay Level

Control

Control

Protection

Protection

Process Level
HV Equipment

HV Equipment

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Substation Automation

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Communication networks
Gateway

Station Level
Control

Bay Level

Control

Control

Protection

Protection

Process Level
HV Equipment

HV Equipment

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Logical Nodes and Devices

Station Workplace
IHMI
Human Machine IF

Protection and Control

CSWI
Switch Controller

XCBR
Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker

PDIS
Distance Protection

TCTR
Current Transformer

TVTR
Voltage Transformer

Combi Sensor

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Logical Nodes and Devices
Station Workplace
IHMI
Human Machine IF

Protection
CSWI
Switch Controller

PDIS
Distance Protection

XCBR
Circuit Breaker

TCTR
Current Transformer

Control

TVTR
Voltage Transformer

Combi Sensor

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From application to communication

Application
Objects
Services

Substation Application;
long term stable
(IEC 61850-7-3 and 7-4)
Abstract interface
(IEC 61850-7-2)

Mapping

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

IEC 61850-8-1, -9-1, -9-2

Stack interface

State-of-art communication
technology; fast changing

ISO/OSI
seven layer stack

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IEC 61850 - General

Substation Automation

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Substation Automation IEC 61850 General

MODELING

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Application modeling
Logical nodes as the core components of the
object model
The object model is hierarchical

The configuration language

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IEC 61850 - General

Substation Automation

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The elements of the data model
Logical nodes
Physical and logical devices
Common data classes
Data quality
Substitution

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Logical Nodes for core functions

SIMG

SIMG

XSWI

XSWI

TVTR

SIMG
TCTR

MMXU
XCBR

Primary technology

PDIS

CSWI

PTOC

CSWI

Secondary
technology

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Logical Nodes and devices
Physical Device IEDQ0L3
Logical Device Q0L3/
Logical Node LLN0
Logical Node XCBR

Logical Device BL3/

Logical Node LLN0
Logical Node B0SIMG
Logical Node B1SIMG

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IED structure
Client association
Station bus access point

IED
Server
Logical Device

Logical Device

LN

LN

LN

LN

DO DO

DO

DO

DO

Client associations
I/O
Process bus access point
(can be same as above)

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Logical Node groups

A Automatic Control
C Supervisory control
D Distributed Energy Resources
F Functional blocks
G Generic Function References
H Hydro Power
I Interfacing and Archiving
K Mechanical and non-electrical
primary equipment
L System Logical Nodes
M Metering and Measurement

Examples:
PDIF: Differential protection
RBRF: Breaker failure

P Protection functions
Q Power Quality Events Detection
Related
R Protection Related Functions
S Supervision and Monitoring
T Instrument Transformer and
Related Functions
W Wind power
X Switchgear
Y Power Transformer and Related
Functions
Z Further (power system)
Equipment

CSWI: Switch controller

MMXU: Measurement unit

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Common data classes (CDC)

Status information (9)
Measured information (9)
Controllable status (8)

Status settings (6)

Analogue settings (3)
Description information
(3)
Service tracking (7)

Examples:
SPS: Single point status
MV: Measured value
DPC: Double point control
ENG: Enumerated status setting
ASG: Analogue setting
DPL: Device nameplate
BTS: Buffered report Tracking Service
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IED Intelligent Electronic Device
QE3

Bay Controller

QC1
Main 1
Protection

QE2

Main 2
Protection

QA1
Meter

QE1
T1
QB1

An IED is a physical device that

implements a part of the
substation automation
functionality

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Logical Nodes and data

optional /
mandatory

A logical node is a
container for
function related data

XSWI
Data Name
Mode
Loc
EEHealth
EEName
OpCnt

Type
INC
SPS
INS
DPL
INS

Explanation
enable / disable
Local / remote control
ok / warning / alarm
Name plate
Operation counter

M
M
O
O
O

Pos
BlkOpn
BlkCls
SwTyp

DPC
SPC
SPC
INS

position
block opening
block closing
load break, dis, earth..

M
M
M
O

PosSenAl

SPS pos sensor alarm

Extension (own Namespace)

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Logical Node Classes & Logical Node Instances

QE3 QE3XSWI4
QC1 QC1XSWI5
QE2 QE2XSWI2

The names of logical

nodes (e.g. XSWI) are
standardized in IEC
61850-7-4xx and have
always four
characters

QA1
QE1 QE1XSWI3
T1
QB1 QB1XSWI1

The name of an
instance of a logical
node may have a
prefix and a suffix
Instance of a LN

LN XSWI (Switch)
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Hierarchical data model

Tampa_Protection
+

LPHD

PDIS1

PDIS2

Tampa_Control

IED

Logical Device

LPHD

Q0CSWI1

+-

Q0XSWI1

Logical Node

- Pos

Data

- stVal
- ctlVal

Data Attribute

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Self description
DeviceDirectory
QA1XCBR
QB1XSWI
QC1XSWI
QA1CSWI
QB1CSWI
QC1CSWI
MMXU

QB1XSWI.NamPlt
vendor=ABB
d=Busbar 1 disconnector
...

QA1XCBR Directory

QA1XCBR.HydrLeak Definition

Mod
NamPlt
Health
Loc
EEHealth
EEName
Pos
.....
HydrLeak
TripCo1Err

stVal: BOOLEAN
q:quality
t:TimeStamp
d:VISIBLE STRING255

QA1XCBR.HydrLeak
d=Leakage in Hydraulic system

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Device management information

Physical Device

PhyHealth

Logical Device
Health
XCBR
TCTR

Health

EEHealth
Health

TVTR
CSWI

ABB / REB500
V1.0.4
SerNo 100.445.237

PTRC

NamPlt
Mod

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Modeling example of one feeder
Bay Controller
B0SIMG

Q8CILO

Q8CSWI

Q8XSWI

Q9CILO

Q9CSWI

Q9XSWI

Q8

B1SIMG

Relay X

1PDIS

PTRC

2PDIS

T1ATCTR
T1B
T1C TCTR
TCTR

RSYN

T1ATVTR
T1B
T1C TCTR
TCTR

Q0XCBR

Relay Y

Q9
Q51CILO

Q51CSWI

Q51XSWI

Q0CILO

Q0CSWI

Q0XCBR

Q51
Q0
Q52CILO

Q52CSWI

Q52XSWI

Q52
I1PTOC

PTRC

I2PTOC

T1ATCTR
T1B
T1C TCTR
TCTR

Q0XCBR

Q1CILO

Q1CSWI

Q1XSWI

T1
MMXU

T1ATVTR
T1ATCTR
T1B
T1C TCTR
TCTR T1B
T1C TCTR
TCTR

Q1

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Switchgear with process bus connection

Q8_CILO

Q8_CSWI

Q8_XSWI

Q8

Q9_CILO

Q9_CSWI

Q9_XSWI

Q9

Q51_CILO Q51_CSWI

Q51_XSWI

Q51

Q0_CILO

Q0_CSWI

Q0_XCBR

Q0

Q52_CILO Q52_CSWI

Q52_XSWI

Q52

Q1_CILO

Q1_XSWI

T1

Q1_CSWI

Q1
IEC 61850-8-1
Bay Controller
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Substation Automation IEC 61850 General

COMMUNICATION

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Information exchange
Client / Server and Publisher / Subscriber
Reporting
GOOSE
Transmission of sampled values

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IEC 61850 communication
Uses strengths of the OSI 7 layer model
Station bus
Communication between IED and master stations
Data sent event driven from IED to master
Inter IED data exchange through multi-cast GOOSE

Process bus
Communication between plant equipment and IEDs
(switchgear, Instrument transformers)
Event driven or GOOSE as with station bus
Exchange of sampled values

Bus separation is becoming less distinct

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Communication concepts
Physical Device

Physical Device

ACSI Client

ACSI Server
reports

Client / Server communication

Typical SCADA
application like
control of switchgear
or transmission of
events (Reporting)
Store and retrieve
sequence of events (Log)
Transfer of files (i.e.
Comtrade files)

Data
Data

req / rsp

Application

Data

Physical Device
req / rsp

ACSI Server
Data
Data
Data

Application

Application

Physical Device
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Communication concepts
Publisher

Publisher-subscriber
communication;
time critical

Physical Device

Physical Device

ACSI Client

ACSI Server
Data
Data

Tripping of circuit
breakers; interlocking
short information
low probability of loss
a few milliseconds

Data

Application

Physical Device
ACSI Server
Data

GOOSE Message
Sampled Values

Transmission of
sampled values

Data
Data

multicast

high amount of data

a few milliseconds
loss of data needs to be
detected
Subscriber

Application

Application

Physical Device

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Control
Client

Server (Control Object)

Operated Device

Select (open)
Select rsp+

Select

Operate (open)
Activate output

Operate rsp+
Control model (61850-7-2)

Activation of device
mechanism

between
open
Acquisition of status
from device

Report (open)
Deactivate output

Reporting (61850-7-2)
CmdTerm
Control model (61850-7-2)
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Datasets
QE3XSWI1
Pos
QC1XSWI2
Pos
QE2XSWI3
Pos
QE1XSWI4
Pos

dataset SwitchPositions
QE3XSWI1.Pos
QC1XSWI2.Pos
QE2XSWI3.Pos
QE1XSWI4.Pos
QB1XSWI5.Pos

QB1XSWI5
Pos

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Reporting configuring the content

QE3XSWI
QC1XSWI
QE2XSWI
QE1XSWI

dataset SwitchPositions
QE3XSWI.Pos
QC1XSWI.Pos
QE2XSWI.Pos
QE1XSWI.Pos
QB1XSWI.Pos

QB1XSWI
Report Control
DatSet
TrgOp
RptID

RptID DatSetRef Value

Reason

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Reporting
Client

Events

Server

Data change
Integrity period expired (cyclic)
General interrogation (on
request)

Configure report control

event

Report

Two kind of reports

event

Report

event

Report

Unbuffered reports events

may be lost due to
communication interruption or
overflow
Buffered reports used for
sequence of events

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GOOSE Generic Object Oriented System Event

dataset SwitchPositions
Off On On Off
On On

Publisher
On On
Off On On Off | n
n-1
On Off On On Off | n-1

Off
On

On On On On Off | n

On

Subscriber

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GOOSE repetition
5ms
S
10ms

20ms
40ms

t
1sec

Cycle interval Z =1sec

1sec

Switch from cyclic to Spontaneous on event

N spontaneous repeats tS = 2N*S
(N=0,1,2,3for tS < Z, S = 5 ms)
Switch from spontaneous to cyclic when tS > Z
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Sampled values

n+1
n+2
n+3
n

n+1
n

n+2
n+1
n

n n+2
n+1
n+1
n
n+1
n+2
n

n+3
n+1
n+2
n
n+4

n+1
n+2
n+3
n

n+3
n+1
n+2
n
n+4

n+1
n

Subscriber

n+1
n+2
n+3
n

n+3
n+1
n+2
n
n+4

Publishers

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Questions

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