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the coil, varies the volume of water flowing through the coil and
diverts flow around the coil as the coil flow is decreased.
The application of valves to air-and-water systems is treated in
Chapter 7; their application to all-water systems is treated in Section 8.7.
5.7 PIPING
The design of piping systems is described in the Pipe Sizing chapter in the ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals, while
physical pipe sizes are given in the ASHRAE HandbookHVAC
Tank sizes as estimated above can usually be cut in half if compression tanks, which contain a diaphragm that maintains separation between the air cushion and the water, are used.
If antifreeze liquids are used, the reduced thermal capacity
(specific heat) and increased viscosity of these liquids compared to
water (see the Secondary Coolants (Brines) chapter in the
ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals) must be considered. For
example, the flow resistance of a 30% glycol aqueous solution is
15% greater than that of water. Drag-reducing agents may be able
to offset these conditions.
108 COMPONENTS
The following velocities are recommended for closed (pressurized) piping systems:
Service
Pump discharge
Pump suction
Drain line
Header
Riser
General service
City water
Maximum Recommended
Water Velocity, fps [m/s]
12 [3.7]
11.5 [3.5]
11 [3.4]
10 [3.1]
9 [2.7]
8 [2.4]
Return piping
Three-way valve
Total
removed from the piping circuit and trapped in the expansion tank
by air-separation devices. If a diaphragm-type tank is used, vent all
air from the system.