/

THE INSTITUTION

OF ENGINEERS SRI LANKA

IESl ENGINEERING COURSE

PART" EXAMINATION

-December

2013

209 POWER SYSTEMS I

Time allowed: 03 hours

This paper contains seven questions. Answer any five (5) questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1.

i.

Explain the advantages of using bundle conductors

ii.
iii.
iv.

transmission lines
Why AC resistances of conductors differ from DC resistance?
State three properties of overhead line conductors
Conductor arrangement of three-phase overhead line is shown in figure Ql.
Conductor type used is ACSR. Diameter of each conductor is 16.52 mm. AC resistance

in high voltage overhead

of the conductor at 20DCis 0.22 O/km. Temperature coefficient

equals to 0.0043 Del. Operating frequency is 50 Hz.

-I~I

12 m

[3]
[2]
[3]

of ACSR conductor

Figure Ql
a)
b)

Calculate per-phase per unit length inductance and capacitance of the line
If the length of the line is 120 km and operating at the ambient temperature
of 42DC, determine equivalent n: model of the line

A 132 kV, 50 Hz three-phase

overhead transmission

[8]
[4]

line is 100 km long. Per- phase

parameters ofthe line are:

R= 0.112 Ojkm
X=0.480/km
Y=3.8 xlO6 S/km
ii

Determine ABCD parameters of the line

If the line delivers load of 150 MW at 0.9 power factor lagging determine the sending
end voltage and current. Voltage at the load end is to be maintained at rated value

[8]
[8]

iii
iv

What is the transmission dficiency?

Determine voltage regulation

[2]
[2]

3
ii

iii

Explain briefly undesirable effects of the short circuit current to the electrical power
system
A three-phase synchronous generator is subjected to a three-phase short circuit at
the output terminal while operating at no-load. Sketch the variation of short circuit
current with the time and clearly indicate sub-transient, transient and steady state
periods
A generator is connected to an infinite bus as shown in figure 03. A three-phase short
circuit occurs at the midpoint (F) of the line. Per-phase reactance of the line is 15 0
and resistance can be neglected. Parameters of the generator (G) and transformer (T)
are as indicated in the figure. Parameters of G and T are given on equipment base
G

[5]
[4]

Infinite bus

F
50 MVA
75 MVA
15.25 kV
15.5/138 kV
X'=0.28 p.u.
X=12%

a)
b)

Figure Q3
Calculate the fault current in kA
What is the current through generator during the fault

Explain briefly how the electric arc is interrupted

Air-Blast circuit Breaker
Oil circuit Breaker

ii

in following

circuit breakers:

iii

List four properties of SF6 gas that makes it superior to the other types of circuit
breakers.
"In some respect, High Rapturing Capacity (HRC) fuses are better than circuit breakers

iv
v

of same capacity". Justify this statement

List three nominal characteristics of a circuit breaker
Explain why isolators cannot be used as lion load device"

5
ii
iii

Explain the advantages of symmetrical component

Prove that positive and negative sequence currents do not flow through the neutral
A 75 MVA, 20 kV Wye connected synchronous generator is connected to a 100 MVA,
20 V/66 kV, delta to Wye connected transformer. Both neutrals of the generator and
high voltage side of the transformer are solidly grounded. Positive, negative and zero

[7]
[4]
[7]

[4]
[4]
[3]
[2]
[4]
[4]
[12]

sequence reactance of the generator are 0.2 p.u.,O.2 p.u. and 0.05 p.u. Transformer
leakage reactance is 10%. A single-line to ground fault occurs at the high voltage side
of the transformer.
Determine currents in all the three-phases of the generator
during fault
6
ii

Explain why the distance relay is more suitable than the over current relay for the

[5]

protection of transmission lines

Certain transmission line is protected by a mho relay having maximum reach of 12
ohm and maximum torque angle of 750. At the 60% of the maximum reach, a fault

[8]

occurs and detected

by the relay. Calculate maximum fault resistance seen by the

relay assuming that the impedance angle similar to the maximum torque angle.

iiii

A 40 MVA, 11 kV/33 kV Delta-Wye connected, three-phase transformer is protected

by a differential relay. CT ratios at LV and HV sides are 2000:5 and 500:5
respectively. Calculate relay current setting for faults up-to 200% of the rated
current.

(7)

i.

Explain briefly the function of a pumped storage hydro-power plant. What is the
advantage of having this type of plants in power systems
Sketch daily load curve of Sri Lankan power system and explain briefly the reason for
the shape of this pattern. What is the disadvantage of having a shape of this nature?
What measures would you take to improve the shape of this pattern
Discuss the use of various renewable sources of the country to meet the electricity
demand under the following headings:
a) Reliability of supply
b) Cost of generation per unit
c) Generating capacity

(6)

ii.

iii.

(5)

(9)