Chapter 1

Overview
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Anatomy vs Physiology
Structure of human body in terms of 6 levels of organisation
Functional characteristics of human life
4 requirements for human survival
Define homeostasis and its importance to normal human functioning
Appropriate terminology to identify body structures, regions and direction
Compare and contrast at least 4 medical imaging techniques in terms of
function and use in medicine

Anatomy
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Scientific study of bodys structures

Greek for to cut apart
Gross anatomy (Macroscopic/Big, does not require magnification)
Microscopic anatomy (Requires magnification)
Regional anatomy (Interrelationship of body structures)
Systemic anatomy (Structures that make up a discrete body system)

Physiology
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Study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the
ways in which they work together to support the functions of life
Homeostasis (The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living
things)

Six levels of Organisation

Pyramid structure, top to bottom
Top tier: CHEMICAL LEVEL (Atoms to Molecules; i.e. Water Molecules)
Second Tier: CELLULAR LEVEL (Molecules combine to form organelles of a body
cell; i.e. Smooth muscle cell, cell fluid, organelle)
Third Tier: TISSUE LEVEL (A community of similar cells that form a tissue)
Fourth Tier: ORGAN LEVEL (Two or more tissues combine to form organ)
Fifth Tier: ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL (Two or more organs combine to perform
functions of a body system; i.e. Urinary tract)
Sixth Tier: ORGANISMAL LEVEL (Many organs work together in harmony like
avatar lol stop focus)

Body systems

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e.

Integumentary System Hair, Skin, Nails

Skeletal System Cartilage, Bones, Joints
Muscular System Skeletal Muscles, Tendons
Nervous System Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
Endocrine System* Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas, Adrenal
Glands, Testes/Ovaries
f. Cardiovascular System Heart, Blood Vessels
g. Lymphatic System** Thymus, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Lymphatic Vessels
h. Respiratory System Nasal Passage, Trachea, Lungs
i. Digestive System Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder, Large Intestine, Small
Intestine
j. Urinary System Kidneys, Urinary Bladder
k. Male Reproductive System Epididymis***, Testes
l. Female Reproductive System Mammary Glands, Ovaries, Uterus
*Secretes hormones, Regulates bodily processes
**Immune system, also returns fluid to blood
***Not sure what that is

Functions of Human Life