DOCUMENT RESUHE =D 402 763 FL 024 319 AUTHOR Haznedari, Ismail; Repishti, Sani TITLE Albanian Language Competencies for Peace Corps Volunteers in Albania. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 273p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materiels (For Learner) (051) LANGUAGE English; Albanian EDRS PRICE MFOL/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; “Albanian; Classroom Communicator Community Services; Competency Based Education; Conversational Language Courses; *Daily Living Skills; Dialogs (Language); Family (Sociological Unit); Food; Foreign Countries; Grammar; Health; Housing; *Interpersonal Communication; Language Patturns; Monetary Systems; Second Language Instruction; *Seconé Language Learning; Social Behavior; Teleconmunications; Transportation; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Vocabulary Developaent; Voluntary Agencies; Volunteer Training IDENTIFIERS *Albania; Peace Corps; Shopping ABSTRACT This guide is designed for Albanian language training of Peace Corps workers in Albania, is intended to be used in a competency-based language training program, and reflects daily communication needs in that context. It consists of an introductory section on the history, alphabet, and phonology of the Albanian Language and a series of 14 topical instructional units. Each unit contains a page or more of information about an aspect of Albanian culture and between four and nine lessons, each targeting a specific Language competency. Lessons include the targeted competency, a brief dialogue, vocabulary list (s), grammar and vocabulary notes, and pronunciation notes. Unit topics include classroom communication, 2 conversation with a host counterpart or family, expressing time and date, food, housing, communications services, transportation, giving and getting directions, shopping, invitations and social behavior, using community services, discussing work, health and medical services, and international relations. Appended materials include a List of competencies, dialogue translations in English, additional notes on grammar, vocabulary for expressing date and season, and an Albanian-English glossary. (MSE) Tun SRE nicki Ri RR I A A IIASA * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made = * * fron the ‘original document. JAH iS ei S39 4 IIIAlbanian 3 2 a 8 = Q a Language Competencies for Peace Corps Volunteers in Albania ons by Ismail Haznedan and Sami Repishti, Ph.D. 1992 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 FLO24319~EST COPY Ava apr nee eee eee eee eee —<—$<$<$<$<<$$ $$$ $$ LSae PEACE CORPS Acknowledgments This book is one of four Peace Corps language texts prepared under the supervision of Nancy Clair in early 1992, It is hoped that this draft will be helpful in the initial language training for Volunteers in Albania. Most language text books take years to complete; this text was planned, written, and printed in less than four months. Working at a great distance from the country where this language is to be learned and spoken by the Volunteers, the authors have gone to great lengths to provide authentic language and as much useful explanatory material as possible. The book will certainly benefit from revisions, additions, and improvements in subsequent editions, but we are proud to have this volume ready for use by the first group of PCVs to enter Albania, It is the result of work not only by the author(s), but also by Nancy Clair and staff at Peace Corps Washington headquarters, especially Toni Borge, Training Officer for PACEM. The textbook project was initiated by PACEM Regional Director, Jerry Leach. I have been responsible for editing the English prose and providing technical support. Douglas F. Gilzow Language Training Specialist Office of Training and Program Support May 1992 es BASH!UGTON, Fc. 2652Preface This book is intended to be used in a competency-based language training program. A competency-based approach to language training is one which focuses on the specific tasks that learner: will need to accomplish through language. This approach focuses not only on language, but also on the cultural context and purpose of the communication. Some competencies are closely tied to work tasks, such as reporting an absence, explaining a procedure, or making an appointment with a supervisor. Others reflect basic survival needs like buying food, handling emergencies. and using local transportation. Still other competencies are part of ordinary social transactions, such as discussing home and family, requesting clarification, or expressing likes and dislikes. The competencies included in this book are those which we anticipate Peace Corps Volunteers will need most during their initial months in the country. The competency-based approach is particularly well-suited to adult learners, who bring many advantages to the language classroom. First, they are experienced learners whose cognitive skills are fully developed This means they can make generalizations, understand semantic and syntactic relationships and integrate the new language into their already developed first language. Second, adult learners are self-directed and independent. They have strong feelings about how and what they need to learn, and the take responsibility for that iearning. Finally, adult learners—especially Peace Corps Volunteers—are highly motivated. They understand the importance of being able to communicate in the new languags in this new endeavor they have undertaken. The competency-based approach takes advantage of these strengths that adults have as language learners. First, it is designed to be relevant. Because lessons are based directly on the needs of the learner, there should be no doubt as to their usefulness. Those which are not relevant should be omitted, and any essential competencies which have been overlooked should be added, (It is expected that further needs assessments will be conducted in order to plan revisions to this text). Second, basing instruction on competencies means that goals are clear and concrete, The learners know what success will look like from the start and can assess their own progress toward mastery of the competencies. Third, competency-based language programs are flexible in terms of time, learning style, and instructional techniques. There is no need to linger over a lesson once mastery of a competency has been demonstrated and, within program constraints, extra time can be devoted to more difficult competencies. Lessons can—and should—be taught through a variety oftechniques, since different learners benefit from different kinds of approaches. And there is always room for experimenting with new methods, combining them ‘with more familiar ones. It is hoped that, with the help of trained Peace Corps language instructors, this book will provide the basis for interesting, relevant language instruction which will enable new Peace Corps Volunteers to function effectively in their new surroundings and to begin the process of continuing their language learning throughout their time of service.TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface The Albanian Languagu: A Brief Introduction Topic 1. Classroom Orientation Cultural Note 1, To greet and respond to greeting 2. To introduce oneself and to ask others to introduce themselves 3. To indicate lack of comprehension and to request repetition 4, To ask for clarification and Albanian equivalent to English 5. To respond to classroom commands 6. To explain an absence Topic 2. Conversation with Host Counterpart or Family Cultural Note 1. To ask and respond to personal questions To describe own family To ask about hosvcounterpart family Pep To describe Peace Corp volunteer's role Page vil " 13 15 7 18 19 22 25 a7 Peace Corps Albaiia - Competencies for PCVs Page iCONTENTS (cont) Topic 3. Time and Date Cult.al Note 1. To find out the time and respond to questions about time 2 To identify the day and the date 3. To discuss schedules 4, To identify daily routines 5. To discuss major holidays Topic 4. Food Cultural Note 2 3 4. To describe food needs/preferences To order food in a restaurant To ask for bill and discuss prices To ask about typical food items in country Topic 5. Housing Cultural Note 1. 2 To state one's housing needs To inquire about the neighborhood/safety To discuss the rental arrangements To make complaints and request repairs To idem fy and locate workmen Page 30 3 32 35 37 39 41 43 44 46 48 50 52 55 56 59 61 63 65 Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page itCONTENTS (cont) Topic 6. Communication ‘Cultural Note 1 2 3. 4. 5. 6. To get one's party on the line To make phone calls from Post Otfice To ask operator for assistance To leave a message and to hang up politely To find out the business hours of the Post Office To buy stamps, send telegrams, mail parcels Topic 7, Transportation Cultural Note 1 2, 3 4 To locate means of transportation To ask for destination and distance To purchase tickets To ask questions and respond to bus driver's instructions Topic 8. Directions Cultural Note 1 2, To ask for and give locations of major buildings To ask for and give specific directions to a place Page 68 69 70 72 74 76 79 81 84 85 85 89 91 93 95 96 97 100 Peace Corps Albania - Compctencies for PCVs Page iiiI CONTENTS (cont) A Page Topic 9. Shopping 103 I Cultural Note 104 i 1. To describe needs/ask for availabilty 105 2. To discuss the quality of items 107 i 3. To compare clothing and sizes 109 t 4, To bargain, to buy, or to refuse items 111 5, To pay for items and indicate amount/change is 112 f correct or incorrect Topic 19. Social Life 114 I Cultural Note 15 4. To greet and to engage in small talk 116 i 2. To offer and accept food and drinks 16 1 3. To invite and respond to invitations 120 4, To give and respond to compliments 122 i 5. To describy one’s feelings/express gratitude 124 6. To inquire about specific local customs 126 i 7. To give or accept a gift 129 a 8 To indicate to the unexpected visitor that one 131 is busy I Topic 11. Community Services 133, Cultural Note 134 i 1. To open a bank account 135 i 2. To report the loss of an item or an accident to Police 137 t Peace Corps Albania - Competencies oo I i coCONTENTS (cont) Topic 12. At the Workplace Cultural Note ib » Cen one To ask for location of items in building To ask questions about job related functions To report problems/progress encountered in completing the task To give classroom commands To converse socially with co-workers To ask to be excused from work ‘To make appointments with receptionist or secretary in person To confirm, change, or cancel appointments. To respond to questions on working conditions and remuneration Topic 13. Medical Cuttural Note 1. 2 To inquire about medical care To describe symptoms of illness and respond to questions To purchase medicines and to understand their use To describe one’s emotional state To act in an emergency situation Page 139 140 141 144 146 148 150 152 154 155 187 159 160 161 164 166 168 170 Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page vCONTENTS (cont) Page Topic 14. Relations Between Two Countries 172 Cultural Notes 173 1. To describe the Albanian community in the U.S. and 174 its achievements 2. To report on personal contacts with Albanian friends 178 inthe U.S. To explain the U.S. assistance to Albania 179 4) To discuss common interests 181 Appendices | The Competencies in English 185 The Outline of Albanian Language Grammar 217 ll Day, Months, and Seasons of the Year 228 Vv Albanian English Glossary 230 Vv References 258 Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page vi 12THE ALBANIAN LANGUAGE A Brief Introduct HISTORY Albania is a country located in te south-western part of the Balkan Peninsula, Its western shores are bathed by the Adriatic Sea._It borders Yugoslavia anc Greece. With the size of Maryland (ca. 11,000 sq, mi = 28.748 km 2), Albania has a population of 3.5 million (1992). Albanian is an Indo-European language. From thé beginr.. j, however, Albanian was connected with Illyrian, Thracian and/or Dacian, three languages spoken by populations inhabiting the Balkans over 3,000 years ago. Today, Albanian scholars present the historical argument of the lllyrian presence mainly in the present day Albania to support their thesis. In addition, many Illyrian names are explained by modern Albanian. Toponomy and archeology also confirm the transition from the ancient Illyrian to contemporary Albanian, and that the language *. . . is the same language that has continuously been used from generation to generation.” (Sh. Demiraj) Naturally, in the course of almost three millennia, the Albanian language has enriched its vocabulary with borrowings from ancient and modern Greek, Latin and later Italian, Slavic, and most recently from Turkish (during a five century occupation). The surprising character of the Albanian language is the fact that it has succeeded *.. to safeguard its originality as a specific language, tc preserve and enrich with domestic means its inherited foundation, to fully protect its own grammatical system from outside influences.” (Fjalori Enciklopedik Shqiptar, “Gjuha shgipe") Medieval sources indicate that Albanian was called “Arbérishte” (arbénishte). The present name SHQIP (Albanian) was noticed for the first time in 1555 AD with the publication of the first Albanian book MESHARI (Missal) by Father Gjon Buzuku. (How did the name change and when, has nct been established yet.) Scholars are surprised to see that the two existing Albanian dialects Geg (in the North) and Tosk (in the South) were closer to each other in 1555 than they are today. This is explained, of course, by the fact that Albania has been occupied by the Ottoman Empire since 1481, which prevented the free movement of people and ideas, thus bringing the physical separation of a nation. Consequently, we have the independent development of the two dialects. One of the features of Albanian, as a typical Balkan language, is its analytical character, exhibited in the declension system with its prepositive and postpositive anicies, as well as the combination of synthetic and analytic forms in the verbal system. (M. Cama) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page viiTHE ALBANIAN ALPHABET Since 1481 to 1912, Albania was occupied by the Ottomans. By the end of the 17th century, part of the local population converted to Islam. Other sections remained Roman Cathrlic (North), and Eastern Orthodox (South). Due to the organization of the Ottoman Empire, religion took nationalistic overtones and although Albanians re- mained primarily Albanians, Moslems began using the Arabic alphabet, Catholics-- Latin, and Orthodoxes--Greek. In the Congress of Manastir (1908), they all agreed to use Latin as the common alphabet. Albanian has 36 letters; seven vowels (IPA in the brackets): ala] of€] ee] fi) fo} ul yy] thas also many diphthongs, the most important being ie [ie] yelye] va (GEG: ue){ual The 29 consonants are: (For their approximate pronunciation see The Table) Vowels In Albanian IPA Examples aA fa] fatal as in fatality ee le] vend asin end ae [2] mé, te as the French: me, le il ui polici as in police 0,0 fo] lord as in lord, Ford uU ful buké as 00 in spoon, food Vie ly) ty as u in French: tu Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCs Page viii lqi 1 Consonants IPA Examples | i bB {b] baba as in Babar eC [ts] cuca as tz in Katzenbach 1 oe tt) gorba as ch in chair, match I 4,D {a} dada as in dadaism dh, DH tal dhembi as th in they, those i LF I] forma as in form, free 1 aG [9] gruri as in glad, gone gj, GJ [a] Gjon appr. ge in pigeon i id il jam as y in yet, yes hH th] hiri as in hat, here, hot 1 kK [k] koka as in keep, kick i AL ty lule as in Linda, Lester wut a) llafe as in holly, ful, ail I mM im] mire as in man, mine, me 1! a,N {n] Nora as in Nora, none nj, NJ (>) nje as niin onion (sp.n) i pP (p] pika as in point, period, pro aa (6) quhem; appr. as te in righteous i oR tr) reja as in prose, present I 7, RR (ry rrjeta as in horrid, horrible s.S (s] Student as in student, sit, hiss i sh, SH i) sheshi as in she, ship, shoe 5 ' Peace Cope Anis - Compaen for PCve I aMaT th, TH vv xX xh, XH zh, ZH ng, NG (8) tv] [es] [02] fz] (31 Examples toka asin to, talk, tea thika as in thin, thick vota as in vote, victory xanxar app. as dz in adze xhaxha as j in job, jewel zona as in zone, rose, wise abazhur as in abajour, pleasure peng as in sing, bang, is not a letter cf the alphabet Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page x 16TOPIC 1 CLASSROOM ORIENTATION COMPETENCIES 1. TO GREET AND RESPOND TO GREETINGS 2. TO INTRODUCE ONESELF AND TO ASK OTHERS TO INTRODUCE THEMSELVES 3. TO INDICATE LACK OF COMPREHENSION AND TO REQUEST REPETITION 4, TO ASK FOR CLARIFICATION AND ALBANIAN WORDS EQUIVALENT TO. ENGLISH 5. TORESPOND TO CLASSROOM COMMANDS, 6 TO.EXPLAIN ABSENCE Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCYs Page 1CULTURAL NOTE INTRODUCTION TO ALBANIAN LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION THE LANGUAGE Albanian is an Indo-European language. It's one of the oldest languages; yet, different from the others. The Albanian language seems to have kept its own features from the very ancient times, which linguists believe have reached us today, in their contemporary forms. Historically, the unified nationat literary Albanian can be traced to 1908, when it was decided to accept the Latin alphabet. However, the two main dialects, the Geg in the North and the Tosk in the South, have developed independently. It was only in 1952 that an administrative order was issued by the Communist government requesting thet the Tosk dialect be considered as the basis for the future unified literary Albanian. By 1972, the decision was final, and no one could write in Geg dialect anymore for fear of political pers cution. That same year, 1972, Albanians in Yugoslavia decided to accept the unified literary Albanian by sheer necessity, and use it in their schools and publications. Since then, the present standard “Gjuha e njésuar letrare” (the unified literary language) remains the only one used in Albania and in Yugoslavia, causing great harm to writers of the Gheg (northern) dialect. The Tosk dialect is the standard Albanian that is used in this textbook to minimize possible contusions. Today, Albanian is spoken by about 10 million people around the world: 3.5 nition in Albania, 3 million in Yugoslavia (Kosova, Macedonia, Serbia, and Montenegro), over 1 million in Turkey, as well as large groups of Albanians in South ltaly (known as Arbéreshé), Greece, Europe, USA, Canada, and Australia. Albanian is a phonetic language. Each letter has a specific sound that does not change in the context. making its reading and writing rather easy. As 2 rule, Albanian spelling corresponds to the pronunciation of words quite directly. The alphabet has 36 letters: 23 consonants and 7 vowels. In spite of the differences of the two main dialects, both the spoken and the written Albanian are understood by all Albanians. Education and mass media have further facilitated this process. THE SCHOOLS The educational system of Albania is highly centralized and entirely public. The Ministry of Education and Culture (Ministria e Arsimit dhe Kulturés) has the authority to organize the educational and cultural institutions, open and close schools, appoint teachers, prepare curricula and school programs, as well as approve every textbook used in the classroom from elementary to university level. For every district, there is a Department of Education (Seksioni i Arsimit) which oversees all instruction. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 2 18This strict regimentation of education, which was also closely watched by the former Party of Labor (Communist) of Albania (PLA), was carried out for the communist indoctrination of the young generation. Since December 1990, with the advent of political pluralism in Albania, the situation has begun to change. The organization of the educational system remains rather traditional. The first “Headstant” programs begin at the age of 3 to 6 years in *Kopshti i fémijve" (kindergarten) where most of the youngsters leam how to read and write. Itis a 4-4-4 system. Elementary school begins at the age of 6 and lasts 4 years (age 10). Registration is universal and attendance compulsory, as parents are held responsible for children's absence. From the elementary schools, the youngsters are promoted to “Shkolla tetévjegare,” the equivalent of the American junior high school, for another 4 years. At age fourteen compulsory schooling ends. ‘The secondary high schools are highly diversified. For the general public there are ‘Gjimnazi | Pérgjithshém" (General High School), and “Gjimnazi Pedagogiik” (Pedagogical High School) geared to the future elementary school teachers. Vocational high schools called “Teknikume” prepare the youngsters for various trades. Higher education has been, until now, strictly controlled by the PL of Albania, in order to create a new class of technocrats and experts faithiul to the Communist regime, with devastating effects for the noncommunist talented young people. The institutions of higher learning have been under the direct control of the only State University of Tirané until recently (1991). Presently, there are at least four more new universities in Shkod&r, Tiran8, Elbasan, and Korgé, all former branches of the State University of Tirané. Parallel to the universities operate also several Institutes of Higher Learning (Instituti i Lar) of 2 and 4 year sequence, similar to the American Junior and Senior Colleges. There is no nationwide exam system to qualify for university admission. Grade average remains the main criterion, Normally an average of 9 (out of 10) is required. To encourage women's education, an average of 8.5 (out of ten) is required for women, The school-year begins on September 1, and ends on May 30 or June 5 of the following year. The school day begins at 8:00 AM. It lasts until 1:00 PM for elementary schools, and up to 1:40 PM for high schools. There is a ten minute break from 9:40 to 10:00 AM or, half an hour (10:35 to 11:05) for high schools. For high school students five or six major subjects are scheduled for every day (schools are open on Saturdays too): Albanian, one foreign language (formerly Russian, and now English, French, Italian, and German), mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, history, geography. (Marxism- leninism has been discontinued.) Art, music, and gym are not offered daily. Classes are heterogeneous and students remain in the same rooms the entire day. All students have more or less the same schedule. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 3 29Presently, education in Albania is universal and literacy is very high. Tradition for education is well-grounded, respect for the teaching profession and the teacher is very high, and discipline in schools is rather strict. There is no social promotion, and failure is still a badge of shame. March 7 is Teacher Recognition Day. Students and parents usually bring flowers, cards, and small gifts to their favorite teachers. Since 1991, democratic reforms have been instituted in all schools of Albania, eliminating the prior practice of discriminating against the opponents af the former communist regime and their children. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 4mm as 2 2 TOPIC 1 1. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: ROLES: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Miré Dita Mirédita! Nxénés Zoti Z) Zonja (Zja) Zonjusha (Zsha) Mésues si? Jeni? Falemnderit! Miré-u-patshim! To greet and respond to greetings Classroom PCV-T (Teacher) Mirécita, nxénés! Mirédita, Zoti mésues. Si jeni? Miré, falemnderit. E ju? Mir, falemnderit. Miré-u-patshim! Miré-u-patshim! well the day Hello! Good day! student(s) Mister (Mr.) Madam (Mrs.) Miss Teacher how? are you? Thank you! See you again! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 5 a ayTOPIC 1 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES Daily greetings in Albanian are answered by repeating them. Ex: T: MIREMENGJESII PCV: MIREMENGJESI! (Good morning!) T: MIREMBREMA] PCV: MIREMBREMA! (Good evening!) ‘The expression: TUNGJATJETA! is widely used at any time of the day. It means both “Hello” and "Goodbye.” ‘The expression: LAMTUMIRE! is also usad to say goodbye. Most of the time, Albanian greetings are accompanied by a handshake. A “good” handshake is seen as a sign of good friendship. Usually, women do not volunteer to shake hands; however, they will respond to an extended hand, The up-to-now mandatory SHOK (m.) and SHOQE (f.) = Comrade, has been dropped, and may sound offensive. PRONUNCIATION NOTES + Except for the combined symbols: dh, ll, rj, sh, th, xh, and zh, all letters of the Albanian alphabet are read individually, with slight differences in their openness or closeness. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 6 22 3TOPIC 1 POV: PCV: tT: POV: VOCABULARY une Quhem Quhesh Ti Gezohem! fir Ardita To introduce oneselt and to ask others to introduce themselves. Classroom PCV - Teacher (Uné) quhem bir Si quhesh ti? (Una) quem Mark. Si quhesh ti? (Und) quhem Ardita. Shumé miré. Gézohem! Falemnderit, Zoti mésues! ()) call myself (My name is. ..) (you) call yourself (Your name is. . .) you (sing.) I'm glad! llir (common boy's name) Ardita (git's name) Peace Corps Albania - Comatiencies for PCVs Page 7 23TOPIC 1 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Ina question form, the personal pronoun usually goes after the verb, or maybe omitted, Ex: Tiquhesh llir. (You call yoursetf lr) - statement. Siquhesh ti? (How do you call yourself?) - question. + Due to the different endings of the verb in a conjugation, Albanian oftentimes omits the personal pronoun. Ex: Uné quhem lit. (J call myself lr.) or: Quhem llr. (I call myself Ili.) + GEZOHEM! in Albanian is used as the French: ENCHANTE! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page & a4TOPIC 1 3. COMPENTENCY: SITUATION: ‘BQLES: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Eshté (v.) Kjo Fletore, ra Juaj Mé fair Nuk Kuptoj (v.) Parséritni (v.) Ju lutem! Po! Jo! Imja Ska perse! (expression) To indicate lack of comprehension and to request repetition. Classroom PCV- Teacher Eshté kjo fletorja juaj? Mé falni! Nuk ju kuptoj, P&rséritni, ju tutem Eshté kjo fletorja juaj? Po! Eshté imja. Falemnderit Ska perse! notebook (the) your Pardon me! Excuse me! not, do not (doesn't) (I) understand Repeat it! Please! Yes! No! my Don't mention it! (You're welcome!) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 9 a>TOPIC 4 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + The negative NUK (not, do not, doesn't) is always followed by a verb. + The question form by inversion: KJO ESHTE FLETORJA JUAN (This is your notebook) - ‘a statement ESHTE KJO FLETORJA JUAJ? (Is this your notebook?) - ‘a question + These expressionsare widely and frequently used in the conversation. FALEMNDERIT! Thank you! JU LUTEM! Please! ME FALNI! Excuse me! SKA PERSE! You're welcome! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 10 26TOPIC 1 4. COMPETENCY: Pcv: Pov: rt VOCABULARY Ju lutem! Fiisni Ngadalé MB thoni MB fala! Dots. Flas Cila? Esnté Fialé, a Shaipe Pér Kartig’, a To ask for clarifications and Albanian words equivalent to English. Classroom PCV - Teacher Zoti mésues! Ju lutem, flisni ngadalé. Mé falni! Do 18 flas me ngadaié. Mé thoni, ju lutem, cila éshté fjala shgipe pér “chair”? Fiala shgipe &sht& “karrigé. Please! Speak slowly tell me Excuse me! | will (shalt). (I) speak Which? or who? is word, the Albanian for, about chair, the Peace Corgs Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 11TOPIC 1 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + The word order in Albanian is basically the same as that of the major European languages Ex: CILA ESHTE FJALA SHOIPE PER “CHAIR” Which is the word Albanian for “chair” Ss Vv Girobject prep. phrase Unlike in English, the adjective follows the noun: FJALA SHQIPE (The Albanian word) n ad. ‘And the object pronouns precede the verb: ME FALNI! (Excuse me!) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 12TOPIC 1 5. PETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: PCV: PCV: Tt PCV: VOCABULARY Hapni (v.) Fletore, ria Shkrim, i Fage, aia Jeni (v.) Gati Tani Kopjoni (v.) Fiali, a Té giitha 1, e, 18 fundit To respond to classroom commands Classroom PCV - Teacher Hapni fletoren e shkrimit n& fagen pesé. A jeni gati? Po! Jam gati. Tani, kopjoni fialit8, ju lutem. Te gjitha? Jo! Mos kopjoni fjaliné e fundit. Keni mbaruar? Jo, akoma. Njé minut&, ju lutem! Open (plur) notebook (the) writing (the) page (the) you are ready now you copy (plur) sentence (the) all (fem. piur) the last Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 13, eaTOPIC 4 Mbaruar (v.) finished Akoma stil, yet Nie one Minuté, ta minute (the) Pesé five GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + The negative MOS (don't) is used in command forms with verbs. Sometimes it is used alone. Ex: MOS KOPJONI! Do not copy! MOS! don't (when the verb is understood) + Asin English, the imperative in Albanian usually involves dropping the personal pronoun. The second person singular sometimes drops the ending Ex: TIKOPJON. (You copy) —- KOPJO! (Copy!) sing. JU KOPJONI. (You copy) - KOPJONI! (Copy!) plur. + In Albanian, adjectives may or may not have an article, Those that have, mark the gender by prefixing the singular articles Hor masculine singular. Ex: | FUNDIT (the last) E for feminine singular E FUNDIT (the last) TE for masc. and fem. plural TE FUNDIT (the last) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCV: Page 14 30eo on oe on ee ee oe oe ee Oe ee ee ee ee ee ee TOPIC 1 6. GOMPENTECY: To explain an absence SITUATION: Classroom PCV - Teacher Tr: Eshté Ardita kétu? PCV: Jo! M& vjen keq. Eshté vonuar. tT: ka ngjaré? PCV: Eshté prishur bigikleta. VOCABULARY Mé vjen keq! Jam sorry! Keq badly ke here Vonuar delayed Gka ngjaré? What happened? ka What has. Ngjaré happened Prishur broken down Bigikleta the bicycle SUPPLEMENTARY RELATED VOCABULARY Pastaj after, afterwards Mé paré betore Mé heret earlier Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Poge 15 ©TOPIC 1 Mé voné Paradite Pasdite N& méngjes N& mbrémje later before noon afternoon in the morning in the evening GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES a ME VJEN KEQ! (I am sory!), and ME VJEN MIRE! (1 am pleased!) are widely used. GEZOHEM! is also frequently used. THE AUXILIARY VERBS (und) jam = 1am (ti) je = you are (sing.) (ai, ajo) éshté = he, she is (uné) kam - | have (ti) ke = you have (sg.) (ai, ajo) ka - he, she has To8e (ne) jemi = we are (ju) jeni = you are (piural) (ata, ato) jané = they are (m,f) (ne) kemi = we have (u) keni = you have (pl.) {ata,ato) kané = they (m,f) have PROVERBS ME MIRE VONE SE KURRE! Better late than never! FILLIM | MBAR, GJYSEM E PUNES! A good start is half of the job. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 16TOPIC 2 CONVERSATION WITH HOST COUNTERPART OR FAMILY COMPETENCIES TO ASK AND RESPOND TO PERSONAL QUESTIONS TO DESCRIBE OWN FAMILY TO ASK ABOUT HOST/COUNTERPART FAMILY TO DESCRIBE PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER'S ROLE Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 17TOPIC 2 THE ALBANIAN FAMILY CULTURAL NOTE As in the past the family is the bedrock of Albanian society. Traditionally, the family had patriarchal features, respectful of its elders and careful to preserve time- honored customs and social values, such as group and personal honor, the “Besa (the word of honor), duty and loyalty, bravery, and family pride. Albanian families are relatively large, with three or four children. In ts. ural areas, families have more children, mostly as an answer to the needs for farm iat or. Prior to 1945 Communist takeover, mobility for Albanian families was minimal. Houses were inherited from father to sons for generations, and mostly kept extending the existing physical structures to accommodate the newcomers. Since 1945, with the process of forced industrialization this characteristic element has been weakened, and population movements have changed the former large Albanian family composition, Stil, it is not unusual to see two, three or more brothers living in one large house fit to be Used as “apartments.” New complexes of apartment buildings have also risen in the major cities and industrial areas. Youth follows the jobs. The role of the woman has also changed. Mandatery work, both in the cities and in the villages, has brought Albanian women, who used to be only housewives, te the outside working force. Women now are included in the country's educational system, and their voices are being heard in aimost every field of human endeavor, including politics. In the last decades, Albania has made determined efforts to emancipate the family. As a result, relations inside the family have become more egalitarian, more modern in character, thus coming closer to Western cultural patterns. Nevertheless, it is still evident that even today, the Albanian family remains male-dominated, in a male- oriented society. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 18 34TOPIC 2 1. GOMPENTENCY: To ask and to respond to personal questions SITUATION: Albanian home ROLES: PCV - Albanian host AH: Mark! G'moshé ke? PCV: vam 25 vjegar. AH: Je iri. (A) je i martuar? Pov Jo! Jam begar. Eshté akoma shpejt. E ti? AH: Jam 30 vjegar. Plak. Pov: Jo! Je akomai ti, | martuar? AH: Po! Kam gruan dhe dy fémilé. PCV: Dy djelm? Dy vajza? AH: vo! Njé djal dhe njé vaizé. POV: Me jeta 18 gjaté! VOCABULARY Mosh, sha age (the) Viet (vit) i year (the) Viagar, | of age Niézer-e-pesé twenty-five in young (m., $9.) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 19 ae goTOPIC 2 ere Akoma Shpejt E Tridhjeté Plak, u I martuar Gnuan Dy Femijé, ja Djem (sg. dial, i) Vajza (sg. vaiz2, za) Jet, ta Ta gjaté Me jet® té gjaté! (expression) young, f. sg. yet, stil fast and thiny old man, (the) married the wite two children (the) boys, boy, (the) girls, girl (the) lite (the) long May he (she) live tong! SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Foshnje, nja Foshnjéri, a Femijé, ja Femijgri, 2 Djalosh, i Djaléri, a infant (the) infancy (the) child (the) childhood (the) boy, teenager (the) boyhood (the) Peac: Corps Albania = 36 Competencies for PCVs Page 20TOPIC 2 Rini, a youth (the) Buns, ri adult man (the) Burréri, a adulthood (the) Plak, u old man (the) Plegéri, a old age (the) Sa vjeg je? (sing. or informal) How old are you? Sa vjeg jeni? (Plural or polite) How old are you? GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . The expression: C’MOSHE KE? (sg.) or C'MOSHE KENI? (pl.) is most frequently used. However, the expression: SA VJEG JE? (sg.) and SA VEC JENI? (pl.) (How many years do you have?) is also common. +The expression: ME JETE TE GJATE! [May (you, he, she, etc.) live 2 Jong lifel] is commonly used, TUNGJATJETA! as the most common Albanian greeting at any time of the day, has more or less the same meaning. PRONOUNCIATION NOTES . ‘The diphthong-UA is fully pronounced. EX: GRUA [grua] = woman KRUA [knual = fountain Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 21TOPIC 2 AH: Pvc: AH: PC) AH: PCV: VOCABULARY Véllezér (sg. vélla, U) Motra (sg. motér, I madh (m. sg.) E medhe (f. sig.) |. e vogal (m. £. sg.) Nipa (sg. nip, i) Mbesa (sg. mbesé, sa) Por Nuk Naonié Fotografi, 2 To describe own family Albanian home PCV - Albanian host Mark, (a) keni véllezér e motra? Po! Kam njé villa; asht8 m i madh. Dhe njé motér; éshté mé e vogi Me jet t8 gjaté! (A) keni nipa dhe mbesa? Po! Kam njé nip, por nuk kam mbesé. (A) Keni ndonjé fotografi té familjes? Po! Kéta jané pjesétarét e familjes. brothers (the brother) sisters (the sister) big big fittle, small nephews (the nephew) nieces (the niece) but, however not someone photo (the), picture Peace Corps Albania » Competencies for PCVs a Page 22 v3TOPIC 2 Kéta these (m. pl.) Pjesétar&t (sg. pjesétar, i) the members (the member) SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Prind, i Baba, bal Néné, na Giysh, i Gijyshe, shja Xhaxha (or X! Hallé, lla Kushéri, u Kus! ir, ra, Mik, u GRAMMAR parent (the) father (the) mothar (the) grandtather (the) grandmother (the) ha), j uncle (the) aunt (the) cousin (the) boy cousin (the) girl friend (the) AND VOCABULARY NOTES Since the gender of a noun in Albanian may be indicated by the definite form, this form will be given in the vocabulary list, together with the indefinite. The suffixes for the definite form are land U for masculine singular. A for feminine singular. Ex: PRIND (parent) - PRIND-| (the parent) MIK (friend) MIK-U (the friend) NENE (motner) - NEN-A (the mother) Peace Corps Albans - Competencies for PCVs Page 23 a)TOPIC 2 + The comparative form of adjectives uses a particle. Ex: ME + adjective - ME INTERESANT = more interesting ME PAK + adj. - ME PAK INTERESANT = less interesting AQ + adj. + SA- AQ INTERESANT SA - as interesting as Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 24 waTOPIC 2 3. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: PCV: AH: Pv: AH: Pov: AH: PCV: AH: VOCABULARY Familje, ja Pesé Ie. té githé |,e, manuar Jo! Disa J.e,t8 vereté Shgiptarst ‘To ask about hast/counterpart family Albanian home PCV - Aloanian host (A) jeni familje e madhe? Po! Kam pesé véllezér dhe njé motér. (A) jané té giithé 18 martuaré? Jo té giithé. Disa. (A) keri nipa e mbesa? Po! Kam shtaté nipa dhe njé mbesé Me 18 vérteté jeni familje e madhe Shaiptarét zakonisht kané shumé femijé. family (the) five all (m.1. 9. and pl.) married (m and {. 89.) No! ‘Some (of them) true (m, f. 89. pl) the Albanians Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Pays 25TOPIC 2 Zakonisht Shumé Pak usually many, alot few, a little GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES In Albanian, there is an agreement between noun end adjective in gender and number. Ex: FAMILJA = & — MADHE (the large tamily) (f. sg. def, form) — {f. sg. def, form) The expression: ME TE VERTETE (really, truly) can also be used as € question: ME TE VERTETE? or simply: VERTETE? Peace Corps Albania - Competen:TOPIC 2 4. COMPETENCY: ‘SITUATION: ROLES: AH: Pov: AH: PCV: AH: PCV: AH: Pov: VOCABULARY Ardnur (v.) Ketu Studim, i si Vulinetar, i Korpusit Padé, aja To describe Peace Corps Volunteer's role Albanian home PCV - Albanian host (A) keni ardhur kétu pér studime? Jo! Kam ardhur si vullnetar me Korpusin e Pagés. G’eshté ky “Korpusii Pagés"? “Korpusii Pagés” éshté njé organizaté amerikane a& ndinmon vendet tera. Gfaré forme ka kjo ndinmé? “Korpusii Pagés" dérgon vulinetaré né mé shumé se 60 vende té botés. E kuptoj! Po ju g'béni? Uné mésoj anglisht né njé gjimnaz. Té tjerét mésojné protesione t8 ndryshme per té rin}. arnved here study (the) as, like volunteer (the) Corps (the) Peace (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 27TOPIC 2 Korpusii Pagés Gresnté? Organizaté, ta Amerikan, @ Qe Ndihmon (v.) Vend, i Tiera Gtaré Formé, ma Kjo Ndihmé, ma Dérgon (v.) Vulinetar, i Vulinetare, ja Ne Mé shumé se Gjashtédhjeté Boté. ta Po (expression) Gibeni? Méso} Anglisht Peace Comps What is it? organization (tha) American (m. and. sg.) that, which Assists, helps country (the) also: place other What kind form (the) this (1. sg.) assistance (the) sends volunteer (the) masc. volunteer (the) fem. in More than sixty world (the) But (tell me)... What do you do? treach English Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 28TOPIC 2 Gjimnaz, i high school (the) Te tjeré others Profesion, i trade (tha) le, t8 ndryshém different GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES (A)KENI ARDHUR? (Have you come?) The question is made either with the particle A (as the English DO), or simply by intonation. The conjunction ME (with) requires the accusative, which usually ends in -N. Ex: ME KORPUSIN (with the Corps); ME STUDENTIN (with the student) The articles |, E, TE before a NOUN usually indicates the genitive case (relation or possession). Ex: KORPUSII PAQES: The Corps of Peace Most of the adjectives related to languages end in -ISHT. Ex: ITALISHT, ARABISHT, RUSISHT PROVERB NUK VLEN BARRA QIRANE I's not worth the trouble. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 29a TOPIC 3 TO TELL TIME AND DATE COMPENTENCIES TO FIND OUT THE TIME AND RESPOND TO QUESTIONS ABOUT TIME TO IDENTIFY THE DAY AND THE DATE TO DISCUSS SCHEDULES TO IDENTIFY DAILY ROUTINES TO DISCUSS MAJOR HOLIDAYS Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs 416 Page 30TOPIC 3 TO TELL TIME AND DATE CULTURAL NOTE Albanians work six days a week, eight hours a day, as a rule; but daily and weekly work schedules may vary, depending on the working center, industry, or sector of the economy. In general, Albanian workers in urban centers have followed the wide-spread practice of workers in other Mediterranean countries. They divide the working day by taking a two to three hour break at mid-day, especially ing the summer, for a leisurely lunch, followed by a nap, “the siesta,” after which they return to their jobs and work until late in the afternoon or early evening. ‘The industrialization process of the country has significantly changed this pattern; factories working on three shifts require the 8-hour workday. This, in turn, has also affected the schools, where morning and afternoon sessions have been replaced by an uninterrupted school day from 8:00 AM to 1:30 PM. Often times, hours are counted from 0 to 24 (which indicates midnight). Thus, 1:00 P.M. corresponds to 13:00 o'clock. ‘There are few official holidays in Albania. The 28 November Flag Day is the major one. May 1, the International Day of the Workers and January 11, Day of the Republic are also, with the New Year, official holidays. Religious holidays, banned since 1987, are now being observed by the faithful, but with no time off from. work, Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 31ToPIC 3 1 COMPETENCY: To find out the time and respond to questions about time SITUATION: Inthe street ROLES: PCV, Albanian passerby POV: Mé falni, zotéri! Sa shté ore tani. P: Eshté shtat’ e giysém. PCV: (Oh! Ora ime thot& shtaté e dyzet P: Ora juaj ashté chjeté minuta parpara. PCV: Nuk e kuptoj. Kjo éshté or6 © mire. Pr ‘Ska dyshim. VOCABULARY Sa éshté ora? (expression) ‘What time is it? Oré, ra hour (the); aiso: the watch Tani now; presently Shtaté seven Giysém, sma halt im (m. sg) my (m. sg) Ime (f. sg.) my (1. sg.) Thoté says, tells Dyzeté forty Juaj your (pl) Dhjeté ten Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 32 a9 1STOPIC 3 Minuté, a minute (the) Pérpara ahead, forward Pas behind, back Kio this (f. sg.) Ska there is no... Dyshim, i doubt (the) SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Dité, ta day (the) Neté, ta night (the) Mesdité, ta noon (the) Mesnaté, ta midnight (the) E plus Pa minus, without ky this (m. sg.) keta these (m. pl.) Kéto these (f. pl.) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES THOTE (he, she, it says) is an irregular verb THEM (I say, | tell) THEMI (we say, we tell) THUA THUAN! THOTE THONE Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs : Page 33 nnTOPIC 3 PRONUNCIATION NOTES Demonstrative adjectives: KY, KJO/KETA, KETO (m. . sg/m. f. pl.) Ex: KY LIBER (This book) KETA LIBRA (These books) KJO ORE (This watch) KETO ORE (These watches) THOTE: TH pronounced as the English TH in THIN. The voiceless E is hardly heard. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 36 50 Caen nnn nnn nn nn TE UE EEUU EEETOPIC 3 VOCABULARY Gare? Sot E hang, na Ie sigurt Sigurisht Oje Ishte E dielé, la Ke té drejté To identity the day and the date Albanian home PCV - Albanian teacher lir llit, gfaré dite @sht8 sot? Sot? Oh! Sot éshté e héné. Je i sigur? Sigurisht! Dje iste e dielé. Ke t8 drejté. E ¢'daté éshté sot? Sot jemi me 22 mars. Eshté dita e pranverés. What? (What kind of) today Monday sure, sate (m. f. $9.) Surely! Of course! yesterday hhwas Sunday You're right! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 35TOPIC 3 Grate? Sot jemi me. Mars Pranveré, ra GRAMMAR ‘What date? (expression) Today's date is. .. March Spring (the) AND VOCABULARY NOTES We have seen the present indicative of the two auxiliary verbs to be and to have. The following is the imperiect tense: JAM KAM ish-a (I was) Kish-a (I had) ish-e kish-e ish-te kish-te ish-im (we were) __kish-im (we had) ish-it kish-it ish-in kish-in The particle G’ is frequently used in many expressions. (Something as: WHAT'S?) es for PCV Page 36 Peace Corps Albania - CompeTOPIC 3 3. COMPETENCY: PCV: VOCABULARY Mé thuaj! Mé thuani! Ne g'oré? (expression) Do té nisesh (v.) Per Beso) (v.) Rreth Shpresoni (v.) Artini (v.) Atje Shoter, i To discuss schedules In the office PCV - Albanian colleague Mé thuaj! Né goré do té nisesn pér Shkodér? Beso), meth ors 11.00. Kur shpresoni té arrini atje? Shoteri thoté meth ofés 14.00. Sa dité do té qéndroni né Shkodér? Besoj dy dité. Tell me! (sg) Tell me! (pl. of polite) At what time? will you depart? for, in the direction of I think, | believe about you hope (pl) you arrive There, over there Griver (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 37TOPIC 3 Sa dit8? How many days? Do 18 gindroni? will you stay? Ne in ‘Shkodér Shkodér (major town, northern Albania) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES : ‘The direct and indirect object pronoun ME (re or to me) usually precede the verb even in the imperative mood. Ex: ME THUAJ! (Tellme) ME SHKRUAJ (Write to me) + ‘The verbs BESOJ (I believe), SHPRESO\ (I hope), and QENDAO4 (| stay) are regular verbs. + The invariable DO ~ the subjunctive gives the future tense. Ex: DO TE FILO) (I will start); DO TE QENDRON (| wil! stay) The afternoon hours are given as 13.00 10 24.00; or the expression PASDREKE is added. Ex: Ora 14.00 or, Ora 2.00 pasdreke PRONUNCIATION NOTE + THUAJ: The TH is pronounced as TH in THIN. The diphthong UA [ua] is fully pronounced. The final J as Y in YES. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 38 GdTOPIC 3 PCV Pov: Pov: Cc: PCV: VOCABULARY Mos. . (neg. command) Harroni (v.) Mbledhje, ja Sot | pergithshém Pérgatitje, ja Festa, ta Pas To identity daily routines Office PCV - Albanian colleague Mos harroni! Kemi mbledhje sot. Gtaré mbledhje? Mbledhje e pérgjithshme pér pérgatitjen e festés Né cloré &shté mblechja? Pas klasés sé angiishtes. Nuk jam i liré. Jami zéné. Pasdreke ke njé tietér klasé anglisht, Po. Jam i liré pas ores 15.00 Don't Forget meeting (tne) today genera’ preparation (tie) holiday (the) after cies for POV Page 1 Peace Corps Albania - Com;TOPIC 3 Kiasé, sa class, (the) Anglisht English he tre free (m. 1. 5g.) lezen occupied, busy (m. f. $9) Tyeter other SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Orari i shkollés class (school) schedule Prej orls. . .deri né orkn. . . from, . .o’clock, to. . o'clock Léndé mésimi subjects Gjuhé, ha language (the) le hua) foraign (m. f. 9.) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULAKY NOTES: + AS in English, tne negative MOS (Don’t) is used in conntiand forms, belore the verb. Ex: MOS HAHHONI! (Don't forget!) + Tere 1s a rather complicated systam of noun declansions in Albanian To illustrate, the following is a sample of the definite form of a fermirsne noun singular: Nominative KLAS-A (the class) (who? wival?) Genie 6, té KLAS-ES (of the class) (whose? of which?) Dative, aviative KLAS-ES (to, from the class) (to, from wnom? to.trom wnat?) Accusative KLAS-EN (the class) (whom? what?) PHONUNCIATION NOTES + MBLEDH-JE: fmeeting). The Mi sounds as a strong M. DH souncs as TH in THOUGH; J sounds as Yin YES. . PER-GJITH-SHME: (general) ‘The accents falls on the |. Peace Cuipe Absania © Competenc Page 40 ofTOPIC 3 VOCABULARY E premté Nentor, i Flamur, i Oita e Flamunit Festonet Shume Po! Snkollé, Ha Te moyllura Citas. ..? Festé. ta Tiere Fetare To discuss major holidays Faculy mesting PCV - Albanian colleague Te premtén éshté 28 Nentor. Eshté cita e tlamurit Festohet shumé kjo dit? Po! Shkollat jané té mbyllura. Cilat jané testat tera? Jané Viti Ri dhe | Maj. Friday November (the) flag (tne) Flag Day (the) is Celebrated: many. a lot Yes! school (tne) closed Which one. . .? holiday (the) other Higrous Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCE Page 41TOPIC 3 Zynare Viti Ri + Maj official, public ‘the New Year May 1st GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES Word order and agreement SHKOLLA ESHTE E MBYLLUR. (The school is closed.) (ntsg.cet) v.sg. —(adj..s9.) SHKOLLAT JANE TE MBYLLURA. (The schools are closed.) (ntipldet.) vp. (adj. tpl.) PROVERB ME MIRE PAK E SAKT, SE SHUME DHE PER LUM Quality before quantity S'BEHET DASEM PA NUSE You cannot have wedding without a bride Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs , Page 42pepe TOPIC 4 FOOD COMPETENCIES TO DESCRIBE FOOD NEEDS, PREFERENCES TO ORDER FOOD IN A RESTAURANT TO ASK FOR THE BILL AND DISCUSS PRICES TO ASK ABOUT TYPICAL FOOD Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 43 FalTOPIC 4 FooD CULTURAL NOTE Albanians’ main staple remains bread: com or wheat. Their expression “pér té ngréné buké" (lit. to eat bread) means “let's have a meal" indicating the importance of bread in the diet. Although a poor country, Albania has a reputation for its tasty and wholesome bread in a variety of grains and textures. The nation’s favorite choice of meat by far is lamb, prepared in a variety of ways, often combined with rice (oriz), boiled potatoes {patate), or different vegetables (zarzavate). Perhaps the hallmark of Albanian cuisine is the LAKROR (some call it BUREK), a large pizza-size dish, with a dozen or so very thin layers of dough filled (between the top and bottom layers) with a vegetable, meat, or cheese and egg preparation. A clear brandy, called RAKI Is the national alcoholic beverage. A thick espresso coffee “Turkish-styie” is a very popular drink at any time of day. Albania, being an agricultural country, normally produces and consumes large quantities of milk and milk products. Vegetables and fruits are also found during their seasons, Recently, 2 small industry of preserves and canned food has mace it possible to have an extended use of them. The essence of the Albanian cuisine - as for the rest of the Balkans - remains Miadle-eestern, with a generous use of butter, olive oil, sugar, and flour, Fish is also a main staple, especially in the coastal and lake areas. The KORANI, a special striped ass of the Pogradeci Lake, is widely known, However, Albanian cuisine has been broadened and enriched by recipes borrowed from abroad. Accordingly. 2 menu in an Albanian restaurant may well feature such entrees as BIFTEK (steak), RAGU (Fr. ragout), etc. SPAGHETTI is also very popular. Large scale restaurants are not yet developed in Albania. The existing ones have limited capacity. Many of them, are family run and specialize in one or two dishes. The waiter is called "garson* (trom French garcon) or "kamarier* (from ltalian cameriere). Tney are mostly men. For ladies the word "zonjushé" (Miss) is used. To Grav his of her attention, people usually waive, call “gargon” or click the glass slightly with silverware. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 4 60TOPIC 4 Tipping call "bakshish” is expected, if not added to the bill (usually 10 to 12 percent). ‘Smoking is heavy in restaurants, and there are no sections allocated to non- smokers. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 45 oeTOPIC 4 1, COMPETENCY: ‘s(TUATION: ROLES: lis: PCV: Ins: PCV: VOCABULARY Ura Kam uri (expression) Ha (v.) Buké. ka Sonte Gjellétore, rja Atér Lum Kam gejf To describe food needs, preferences On the street PCV - Albanian friend iris, (Uné) kam uri. Po ti, ke url? Po! Ku do hamé buké sonte? Né gjellétoren afér lumit Shumé mir. Kam gejf té ha shishgebab. hunger (the) Jam hungry leat bread (the) this evening restaurant near, next to river (the) | feel a joy (I derive a pleasure) Peace Comps Albania - (: necencies for PCV: Page 46TOPIC 4 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . The expression KAM URI (lit. {have hunger). Negative: NUK KAM URI (lit. Idon’t have hunger) can be used for citferent persons by changing the verb KAM. Ex: KAM URI (I'm hungry) KEMI URI (we are hungry) KE URI KENLURI_ KAURI KANE URI + The verb HA (| eat) is very irregular. Present indicative HA (1 eat) HA-ME (we eat) HA-N HA-NI HA-N HA-NE Past definite: HENGERA (I ate) Past participle: NGRENE (eaten) . The colloquial DO TE HAME BUKE (lit. We will eat bread) it means: we will have a meal (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) PRONUNCIATION NOTES . URI [uri] the accent falls over the | + SHISHQEBAB or SHISHKEBAB 1s the same as in English Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 47TOPIC 4 PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Gurdhéroni? Meny, ja Pér 18 porositur (v.) Pulé, la oriz, i Mé vjen kea! (expression) Sapo... U mbarua (v,) gang), i patate, -t To order food in a restaurant In the restaurant PCV - Waiter Grurdhéroni, zotéri! Menyné, ju lute. Jeni gati pér té porositur? Po. Déshiroj pulé t8 pjekur me oriz. Mé vien keg, po sa u mbarua. Por kemi mish qéngji me patate. Provojeni! mineral. What would you like? menu (the) to order chicken (the) tice (the) Jam sorry! I regret! tt just is finished lamb (the) potatoes Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 46 nyTOPIC 4 Provojenit Tryit! | shijshém tasty, delicious Goté 4 glass (the) ia, i water (the) Mineral mineral SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Mish vigi veal (meat) Mish dashi lamb (meat) Mish lope beet (meat) Mish pule chicken (meat) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + SAPO. . (expression) (It just did.) Expresses something that just happened. It raquires the past cetinite. Ex: SA PO TELEFONO! (He/she just called.) + PROVOJENI! (Try it!) The direct object pronoun E (him, ner) and | (them) can be placed after the verb in a command form Ex: E PROVONI! PROVOJENI! (the J 1s added only to sound better) IPROVONI! PROVOJINI! (Try them!) Peace Corps Albante + Compesenstes for PCVsTOPIC 4 3. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: PCV: w: PCV: w: Pov: w: PCV: Ww: VOCABULARY Kamerer, i Uogari. a Kushton (V.) Gyellé, Hla Mish, 1 Tridhjete Lek, Githasntu To ask for the bill and discuss pnces in the restaurant PCV - Waiter Kamerier! Liogariné ju lutem! Si urdhéroni, zoteri! Sa kushton gjella me mish? Tridhjeté lek. Po fnnat? Dhieté leké. Gjthasntu, embélsira shtaté ieké, Kusunn mbaje si bakshish du falemngent! Eni parser! waiter (the) account (tne); bill it costs dish (the) meat (they thiny ek (the) monet.unit likewise Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCV: Page StTOPIC 4 Embélsiré, ra dessert (the) Kusur, i rest (the) Bakshish, i tip (the) Enit Please, come! Perséri again GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + ME JEPNI! (Give mel) is trom the irregular verb: JAP (I give) JAPIM (we give) JEP JEPNI JEP JAPIN Past cefinite: (Uné) DHASHE (! gave) Past paniciple: DHENE (given) Infinitive: PER TE DHENE (to give) + MBAJE! (Keep it}; MBAUJI! (Keep them!) Direct object. pron: E for sg.;! or plural ENI! (come!) is from the irregular vero: Vid (1 come} VIJME (we come) WEN VIN} WEN VINE jetute: (Un) ERDHA (came) participle ARDHUR (come) Infinitive: PER TE ARDHUR (to come) PRONUNCIATION NOTES + GJITHASHTU: (likewise, also) the accent falls on the U PERSERI: (again). The ascant falls on tha |, Perce Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 51TOPIC 4 4, COMPETENCY: ‘SITUATION: ROLES: Ins: PCV: Ins: PCV: Ins: PCV: is: PCV: VOCABULARY Nesér Gatuaj (v.) Veté Burek, uv Si béhet? Fleté, ta Brum, i Mes, i To ask identity of typical food item of country At home with friend PCV - Iris Nesér do té gatuaié veté. Gtaré? Do té pérgatis njé burek Si béhet? Dhjaté o dymbédhjeté fleté brumi. Né mes 8 fletéve, ‘vé djath dhe vezé té pérziera. Pastaj? E pjeké né furré, Pastaj kem kos, djath, dhe ulin) Mrekulli! tomorrow Icook myselt Albanian pie How is it made? leaf (the) dough (the) middle (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 52 68TOPIC 4 Né mes té Inthe middie ve (v.) ‘put Djath, i cheese (the) Vezé, za egg (the) |. e pérzieré mixed Pastaj Afterwards Pjeké I bake Furre, rra stove (the) Kos. i yogurt (the ) Uti, Fi olive (the) Mrekull! Great! Miracle! GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + NE MES TE (cong. between) requires the Dative. Ex: NE MES TE EUROPES DHE AMERIKES (Between Europe ang America) + Object Pronouns Singular Dies indirect 1st person Me (me. to me) 2nd Té (you, to you, sing.) 3rd E (him, her, it) 1 (to him, 10 her, 191) Plural 1st person Na (us, to us) 2nd Ju (you, 10 you, pl.) ard then) U tu then) Peace Corps Albans - Cemperencies for PCVs Page 53TOPIC 4 + VE (Iput, | place) Past definite: VURA (I put) Past participle: VENE (put) Infinitive: PER TE VENE (to put) PRONUNCIATION NOTES + DYMBEDHJETE: Tho first E 1s stressed: the second 1s silunt PROVERB PYET SHTATE A YETE DHE BEJ SI DO VETE Souk acivice from others, but make your own decisions Peace Corps Albania - Compe “TOPIC 5 HOUSING COMPETENCIES TO STATE ONE'S HOUSING NEEDS TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE NEIGHBORHOOD/SAFETY TO DISCUSS THE RENTAL ARRANGEME! TO MAKE COMPLAINTS AND REQUEST REPAIRS TO IDENTIFY AND LOCATE WORKMEN Peace Cape Al Comperensies torTOPIC © HOUSING CULTURAL NOTE The vary private nature of the Albanian family has produced private homes as the only housing feature in that country. Stone houses, especially common in the mountains, are called *Kulla.” They are usually large and tall with small windows, and Bnelier larga patriarchal families. They lack most of the familiar comions of Western homes, but they all have electncity. Jn the citiws there are more comfortable houses usually made of stone or brick since wood is somewnat scarce in Albunia, Most of them have an orienta: architecture, with verandas and rools covered with red Spanisti tiles. Thay mcluae a front yard, usually surrounded by a high wall for complete privacy for those Iiving insige (especially women), and a backyard used as a vegetable orchard, Except in major towns, where water 15 brough from tne adjacent mountains, water 1s Orawr from the houses’ walls. For Albanians, the hous# 1s a kine of sanctuary and is jwaluusly protected. The violation of thus privacy may cause frictions anc conflicts. Sincw the 1945 Communist takeover, many Albanians hving in the countrysige have moved to the cities, thus creating severe housing snotiages. The state-turs construction industry ha buill entire blocks of apartment buildings. The units are small and crampod, and the buikiings are gunwrally drab and m disrepair. The situation i the cities has worsened oining recunt yeurs with the sloagy sconomic detuHoralion. In some rural areas, however, NoUsiNG has conparatryeny mnproved, with tre miraduchon of electricity ang running water, as wi intreducvon of modern funiture and home apaiances Peace Corps Albania - Compeencits fer PCVsTOPIC 5 1, COMPETENCY: SITUATION: ROLES: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY To states one’s housing needs Daal Estate Office PCV - RE agent Miraméngjes! Kam nevojé pér njé apartament. Gfaré apariamenti kérkoni? Té vogél, 1@ mach? Jo shumé t# madh, Mesatar. Por mé duhen dy dhoma fjetye. Cilln lage t& qytetit preteroni? Mundésisht nb Rrugén Labinoti, pranié Instiuti Pacagogiik Ja ku &shid lista © apanamenteve me aire, Kam nevojé pir (exorossion) §~— I need Avarlament, i Le, vogil i madn, ¢ magne Mesatar, @ (1) Por Mé duhon (expression) Dhome, ma Fyatia, ja Lagie. gir ‘apaniment (the) small, ttle big, large average, mediuin but Ineed roorn (thw) sleeping dssinct (the) Peace CorTOPIC 5 Oytet, i town (the) Preferoni you prefer, pl Mundsisht possibly Rrugé, ga street (the) Instat, i Institute (the) Pedagoglik Pedagogical Labinoti Lebinoti town Prané next 10, nearby Ja ku éshté (expression) Here it is Listé, ta list (tne) Qira, ja rent (the) Me gira for rent GRAMMAN AND VOCABULARY NOTES + The expression KAM NEVOJE PIR (I nave a noad for} is conjugated vntn tne present auxiliary KAM (I niavey + The expression ME DUHET (li, itis necessary for me) indicates one item. For more nan ong vem, ME OUHEN 18 used Ex: ME DUHET Nui LIBER ANGLISHT (I need an English book) ME DUHEN DY LIBRA ANGLISHT I! need two English books) PHOUNCIATION NOTES 7 Qli44 (rant). ‘The accent fails on tho A. QIRA (candies) The accant falls on the | [Nove In wnttan Albanian the accent +s generally omitted.) Peace Corps Albania Commeet vtTOPIC 5 PCV: PCV: PCV: PCV: A VOCABULARY Si usnte? |, @ gyore Trafik, u kalon (v.) Aulobus, i Mu sum oe Aregulisnt Bilok, u (pl. bltoae) To inquire about neighborhood/safety RE. Office PCV - RE Agent Si esnté Rruga Labinoti? Esnté @ gjoré, dhe ka shumé tratik. Kalon nj autobus apo mé shumé se njé? Besoj se dy ose tre autobusa kalojné rregullisn. Biloget e apariamenteve zakonisht kané probleme Lagja prand Institutit ku shume shtepi private. Menjijall, asnié zoni v sigun. Pa dyshim, How is 1? wide traftis (they passes by bus (the) more than regularly block of nouses, Pease iy. Mamie = ©ee TOPIC 5 Zakonisht usually, normally Problem, i problem (the) Prané next to Shtépi, house (the) Prvat, @ (m, f. 6g.) private, individual Menjatjalé in a word Zoné, na, area (tne) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + The expression ME SHUME SE (more than) ‘The opposite: ME PAK SE (lese than) Pov Page unTOPIC 5 3, COMPETENCY: SUIUATION: BOLES: PCV: PCV: PCY: VOCABULARY Te piluen (expression) Sa esmte lexpression) $a? Jeni gat Faguam tv.) Varet. Kété (accus. of ky) Sipas Mé e vist Ne muay To discuss the rantal arrangements FE Office PCV + Landlord Apanamenti mé pélgen. Sa éshté giraja? Sa joni gati t8 paguani? Varet! Si jané qiraté nb kate zone? Sipas apanamentit, Giraja me e ulet esmtl 1.000 eke ne mua) Dua 1 pyes zyrén time dhe ju teletono} Shumé miré! du pres deri ne mbremye. | ike it! How much is it? How mucin? Ate you teady You pay. pi. ioepenas this (m. sg.) According to ‘the lowest per month Corps Alrania = Compuennes for 7 Pape 65TOPIC 5 Dua | would like, I want Pyes (v.) ask Zyré, ra office (the) time (accus. of im) my Toletonoj (v.) Pres (v.) Deri Mbrumye, Ja call on the phone expect until, up to ‘evening (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES ME PELQEN (li. t ploases me) is an expreusion ac in Spanish: Me gusta! or in Italian: Mi piace! It changes by cnanging the ind, object pronoun. Ex: ME PELQEN ( [like it) NA PELQEN (We like 11) Te PELOEN JU PELOQEN 1 PELOEN U PELOEN JAM (JE, ESHTE, JEMI, JENI, JANE) GATI (Iam reagy to. . 15 used vatn tne subjunctive form, Ex: JAM GATI TE FLAS (J am reagy to soeaki JAM GAT! TE PAGUAJ () arn ready lv ay) VARET! (Ii depend) is use with the adverp NGA (from, wnere), Ex: VARET NGA UNE [It depends on mu) NUK VARET NGA UNE (! doesn't depend on me) DUA TE + var (I would like to) Ex: DUA TE TELEFONOJ PHONUNCIATION SIPAS (according to) The accent falls on the A. Pence Compe Alvanin = Competencies ferTOPIC 5 PCV: Pov: VOGAUULAHY Fiublem, 1 Gali, a Pikon (v.) Xham, | Dritore, 1a Le thyer Deré, ra To make complaints and request repairs In the apartment building PCV - Landlord Zotéri!_Kam probleme me apartamentin Veneté? Gtaré problemi? Catia pikon, xhami i dntares &shté i nycr, dera nuk moyliet mire, Si @shté @ mundur? Tani e kam reparuar galine. Sidogofté, dunet reparuar persi, Pa dyshim, Sot pasoroke oo tu dérgoj karpontiunn pur Geren. Falomndent! Ska pérse! problem (tne) roo! (the) it leaks glass (tne) window (the) brok door (tne) Peace Cups Albania ~ ComperencieTOPIC 5 Mbyliet (v.) it closes 1, @ mundur possible Si Sshté? How is it? Reparuar (v.) repaired (p.p.) Sidogotté anyway Duhet (v.) WWis necossary, must Porsari again Eghe also Va (v.) | put Inere young; also: new Dargo} (v.) I send Karpentier, i carpenter (the) ‘Ska pérse! You're welcome! GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . $1 ESHTE E MUNDUR? (expression) How is it possible? is freaueniy used in a conversation. + SOT PASDREKE (today atternoon); also: SOT PARADHEKE. (today in the morning). Expressions used for: this afternoon and this morning, PRONUNCIATION NOTE . SIDOQOFTE [sidocoit | the accont falls on the second O. Peace Corps Alana + Competencies for PayTOPIC 5 PCV PCV: ashté i PCV: VOCABULARY Nyon (vy Ndonjé Punétor. i Hicraulit, u Nyon iv Banon (V.) Pse? Elekiricist Telatono (v.) Glaré...7 To identity and locate workmen In the neighborhood POV - Neighbor Miréméngjes, llir! (A) njah ndonjé punétor hidraulik? Po! Njoh njé hidraulik qé banon kétu prané. Pse? Clare problemi ke? Rubineta né banjo pikon vazndimisht. Kam nevojé edhe pér njé elektricist. Po. Kérko 2, Arben. Ai bén puné té mire par mua, Nuk shtrenjté, Ja ky @shté numrii teletonit. Mandim i miré! (you) know, recognize plumber (the) Tknow (hershey Ives why? electrician (the) Call on the phone what kind of... Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PrVs ne 65 utTOPIC 5 Rubineté, ta faucet (the) Vazhdimisht constantly Kerko (v.) look for; search for Puné, na work (the) Pér mua forme i, e shtrenté expensive Ja ky éshté. .. Here, this is. .. SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Marangoz, i carpenter (the) Sojaxhi, painter (the) Murator, i bricklayer (the) Képucat, i shoem «er (the) Berber, i barber (the) Rrobagepés tailor (the) Miosntér master (the) GRAMMAR AND/OR VOCABULARY NOTES + The irregular vern NJOH (| recognize; also: | know) NJOH (I know) NJEH NJIH-NI NJEH NJOH-IN Peace Corps Albania - NJOH-IM (we know) Competencies for PCVs nae ewe ee ee ee eeTOPIC 5 NJOHA (I recognized, knew) NJOHUR (recangized, known) Past particip! infinitive: PER TE NJOHUR (to recognize, to know) . NDONJE (any) is used for people and objects. Ex: NJEH NDONJE HIDRAULIK? (Do you know any plumber?) ESHTE NDONJERI HIDRAULIK? (Is anyone here @ plumber?) PRONUNCIATION NOTE NDONJE: (any) The voiceless E is stressed, PROVERBS KUSH FLE, BUKE SKA He who does not work, doesn't eat DUHET UJE TE MBIJ ORIZI You need water for rice to grow Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs &3TOPIC 6 COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES TO GET ONE'S PARTY ON THE LINE TO MAKE PHONE CALLS FROM POST OFFICE TO ASK OPERATOR FOR ASSISTANCE TO LEAVE A MESSAGE AND HANG UF POLITELY TO FIND OUT THE BUSINESS HOURS OF THE POSi OFFICE or en TO BUY STAMPS, SEND TELEGRAMS, MAIL PARCELS Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PVs Page 68 &4TOPIC 6 COMMUNICATION CULTURAL NOTE ‘There has been a notable expansion of communication facilities in Aloania. Radio, and more recently TV sets, Nave become standard features in numerous homes, even in villages. Pnvate phones are as yet very limited to a few homes in a faw major cities. It has buen reporied, however, that ali of the country’s towns anc viliagas are now linked by a telepnone neiwork, to facilitate governmental business and improve, whal the communists perceived as national aciensy and security. P.T.T (Post-Telephone-Telegraph) Is the abbreviation used for the post office There 1s a wide network of post offices all round the country. In tie major towns, there is also a "central" office opened 24 hours a day, Seven Gays a woek ‘The office hours are 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM, One can buy stamps, make tong distance calls, send telegrams, and mail purcels either in other towns or abroad. Untit now, PTT has alco been in charge of distributing the daily press, a service that was highly criticized for its inefficiency. Sending telegrams by calling the PTT is not practiced in Alpania, One should go to the PTT, fill in a form, and hand it to tne clerk. ‘An autornatic telephone system recantly adupted in Albania covers only a few cities. For the rest of the country, or for calis abroad one musi ask for operator assistance. Telephone communications, especially with the outsioe world, are very expensive. The general PREFIX (country code) for entering Alounia 15 2-5-5. Then one must dial the area code of the city (Tirana has $2) and finally the nu.nver of the party we are seeking, Normally, phone numbers in Aloania are of 4 digits, some of § digits. The news in Albania is provided by the local newspapers. Each political pry has its own newspaper which Galerids the pany line. The national Hodis Tirana, an’ the many local radios, as well as the national TV network serve the needs of local and foreign listeners. The National Radio Tirana and tne National TV center are suvsidized by the Government, Foreign radio stations frequently listened to are Voice of America, BBC World Services, and Radio Vatican. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 69TOPIC 6 1, COMPETENCY: SUTUATION: ‘BOLES: PCV: VOCABULARY Kérkoi (v.) Numar, mri Mund (v.) Fias (v.) Njoh (v.) Zen To gat one's pany on tine At home PCV - Albanian friend Laura Alo! Kirko) numnin 28-360 ju luten. Pol Ky @shte num. (A) mund té flas me Laurén, ju lutem? Nj@ minutG, ju lutern, Falemnoent. Alo! Kétu flot Laura, Kush yeni ju? Ala! Laura. Kiéitu flet Marky, ©, Mark! Nuk 18 ajoha zérin Lam looking for, asking number (the) Can, be able | speak, | talk | recognize voice (tne) Peace Corps Albania » Competencies for PCV Paye 10 BGTOPIC & SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Aparat-i Instrument (they Teletonik, @ (adj) related to the telephone Central teletonik telephone cuntral Centralist. ya operater (rm and {) Linja telelonixe telephone tine GHAMMAH AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Thw varus MUNU (ean, be able) ane) DO (I want, ike, love} ere used to the construction of compeundad vert: forms. They function as sem auxiliary verbs, joining the subjunctive of ine main vote, Ex: (A) MUND TE FLAS MU LAUREN? (May I speak to Laura?) (A) DO TE FLISNI ME LAUFIEN. (Do you want to speak to Laura?) +The very FLA-S (I speak, Halk) PLAG-IM. FLE-T Fus FLE-T FLAS-IN Vert wrong in -S (1st pers og pers, inet have tn Peace Corps Albaniz - Competencies for PC¥s Page 73TOPIC 6 VOCABULAKY bus (vy Kabing, nia Xheten, 1 Jeone (vr Kusnto)né (¥} Lek. u Fegan (¥) Moveanye, ja Smiytis (v.) E mane Kétnoret (v.) ay: To make a phone call trom the post offs Post Office PCY -Clerk Qua Ww lwlelono) ni Shkodir, Ne Kapinen numer 2. (A) kent xheton? Jo! Me jeprr dy xtastuna, yy tutem Ja oy xtistona, Kushtojne pest lok dwant cabin (tne) token (thw) Give’ (wh they cost lek (ine) monetary unit Tell (ol) meeting (tne) postponed (wast part) Tuesaay he’she returns Peace Corps Alban + Com} eats for PCS Page 72TOME & SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Dité, a day (the) Ja woek (tne) Musi, monte (11) year (69 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Gres, and indirect objest Prunouns uae (me ana se fey Né tus of te uss TE (vou und t9 you sy.) AU (you OF6 you pls E {nim or ner) Pater rit. po) Fito him orto her U to than fe pi + ME TREGONI (Tull me, oF Fadieaite te me O13 UPRESONT (Teli bim of har, N& (HEGONI (fell us) UTREGONI (Tail tum) Kang ata incitest Objet pronouns precede Iter vere goin’ PER TE MARTEN Mor Tuestay) is a shor way of sayrig. ITEM & MARTE (Ho the Gay Of 1UOScuy, Feb PHONUNCIATION NOTE MBLEDHJA: Ths MB compusity i bronounced as a strong M KETHEH The voiceless & 15 stressed. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies lor FIVE Page 73TOPIC 6 3. COMPETENCY: To ask thy operator for assistance SITUATION: At home BOLES: PCV - Operator PCV. Alo! Centralisti? Dastiro) té flas me Shkodrin, yu lute c Gili eshte numn juaj? PUY Numi im bstie dy ete tre-giasrte zero, G Cilin numer kerkoni? Pov. Kérkoj numnin tro-qjasmi- zero: oy-tnte, preliks: pesedt yet v oy. © Prinit Linja ashté ¢ zune. VOCABULARY ustiro (v) 1 WOUKK like to ie tae ty to spea” Shkoder, dra cin? Juaj hm Cine? Prefiks, i Snkodre (town of} Which? or Wien onw? yours (pl.) mine Which, or whicn one (acc.) area cave Beace Cores Albania - Competencies for PCV sage 4 qoTOPIC 6 \ezane Dunet Pritnit occupied must, it is necessary Wait! Plwase, wait! (pl.) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES The intarrogative adjnctives: CHL (m. sg.), CUA ME s2.5, CHET (ni. oy and CILAT ({. pl.) in their declension agroe in genaur and in tiumiper win the noun they modity. ” Ex: CILI DJALE FLET ANGLISHT? (Which bay speaks Engin im. $9.) (m. 59.) CILLA VAJZE FLETANGLISH?'? (WWutcn girl soaaks English’) (sg) (t. 59.) Possessive pronouns chang in their deciensions (m, t., §9., und pl.) Ex: IMI(my) m. 6 E Mi (my) rr: pl IME (my) f. 6g. G MIA (my) f. pl Peace Cotps Albania - Compeiercies forTOPIC 6 FOV: A POV: x VOCABULARY Due Aténeré Mundési. a Lé(v.) Mesazh, i Sigurisht! Thuani (v.) Prasim (v.) Zyte, to To lwave a message and to hang up politely In the office PCV - Receptionist Alo! Dua te flac me linn, yu lutem, Mé vjan keg! lliri nuk éshti kétu. Atéhard, (a) ka mundési te le njé mesazh? Sigurisht! Ju lutem, tnuani llint ai & presim kétu ne zyre neser ne orien 10,00 pura drake. Miré! Do1'i them kur té kéthehet Twant; also: | would hke Then, in that case possibilty (tne) tnat [eave message (tne) surely, of course! tell (pl. oF polite) we expact office (they Peace Corps Albanin - Competencies for PCVs Page 76TOPIC 6 Nesér tomorrow ‘Them (v.) toll, say (!) Kéthehat (v.) he, she returns SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Tani now, prasently Pastaj aherwards, later Mé herot eariiar (more early) Mo vond later (more late) 2ynar, i official (the) Sot today Dje yesterday Pardje batora yesterday Pasnestr after tomorrow kethim, i return (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Proper nouns are Geclined. ee (nom.) Wir RIT {gen.) of flr URI (dat & abl) 10 llir ILIRIN: (acc) Mir Peace Corps Albasia - Competeucies for PCVs Page 77 G3| TOPIC 6 + SIGURISHT! (Surely, of course!) Adverbs in Albanian are formed: 4, By adding -ISHT to the adjective (m. sg. form) (as the -ly in English) Ex: BESNIK (Faithful) BESNIK-ISHT (faithfully) 2. By omitting the prepositive anicle. Ex; 1 MIRE (good) MIRE (well) 1KEQ (bad) KEQ (badly) PRONUNCIATION NOTES + SIGURISHT! the accent falls cn the last syllable [SI-GUR-ISHT] Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 78 odTOPIC 6 PCI: Pov POV: _ VOCABULARY 2yrb.a Zyta.e Postés Deshironi? Orar.i Pung. a Orari i punes Pyetie, tha Pérgiigie, gia Qandror, € Zyra Qéndrore To find out the business hours of Post Cifice In the office POV - Post Office clerk Alo! Zyrae Postés? Po! Gtaré déshironi? ili éshté orari i punds sé Postés? Nga ora 8 e mangjezit deri né ora § té mbrémjes. Edhe njé pyetje. Po mbas orés 5? ‘Shkoni né Postén Q&ndrore. office (the) the Post Office would you like (pl.) schedule (the) work (the) the work schedule question (the) answer (the) cemral (m. .. 59.) Central Otfice Competencies for PCVs Page 79 Peace Corps Albania coTOPIC 6 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . FARE DESHIRONI? (Expression) (What would you like?) The answer Would be: DESHIRO4 + the statement, Ex: DESHIROJ TE TELEFONO) (! would like to call on the phone.) + NGA... .DERI (from. . .up to, until) Ex: NGA TIRANA DERI NE SHKODER (From Tirana to Shkodér) PRONUNCIATION NOTES . PERGJIGJE: sounds somewhat like: per-jee-jeh. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCV: Page 80 96TOPIC 6 PCV: VOCABULARY Pullé, lla Pullé poste Apo Pér katy N& vend Boté, ta |e jasntam-e To buy stamps, send telegrams, mail parcels Post Office (P.T.T. = Post-Telegraph-Telephone) PCV - Office clerk Dua dy pulla poste, ju lutem. Pér vencin apo par botén e jashtéme? Pér kétu, né vend. Sa kushtojné? Pesé leké. Déshironi tjetér? Po! Déshiroj 8 dergoj njé pako né Ameriké. Plotésoni formularin e doganés. Ja ku éshté, Ku dorézohen pakot postare? N@ sportelin No. 4. Duhet peshuar mé paré. Ushgimet nuk lejonen. stamp (the); also button postage stamp or, either for here in the country worid (the) foreign Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Fage 81TOPIC 6 Tjetér Dérgoj (v.) pako, ja ‘Amerika, ka Plotésoni (v.) Formular, i Ja ku éshté! (expression) Dordzohen (v.) Postare (adi) Sponel, i Duhet (v.) Peshuar (v.) Mé paré Ushgim, i Lejohen (y.) other send parcel (the), package (the) America Fill in, complete Form (the) Here it ist (Are) handed in related to the post office window (the) Must, it is necessary weighted first, before hand food (the) permitted Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 82 98ameoenrwreeoe eee ee RRB REESE S TOPIC 6 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Many Albanian verbs are formed from nouns. Usually they are very regular. Ex: DORE (hand) DOREZOv (| hand in) PUNE (work) PUNO3 (I work) + DUHET (must, it is necessary) is used with the past participle. Ex: DUHET PESHUAR (Must be weighted) from: PER TE PESHUAR (to weigh) + LEJOHET. ... (Itis allowed) and NDALOHET. . . (It is forbidden) Ex: LEJOHET DUHANI! (Smoking permitted) NDALOHET DUHANI! (Smoking forbidden) PROVERB TOSKE E GEGE, PEME NGA NJE DEGE People are all the same (Literally, “Tosk and Geg [Albanians] are fruits of one and the same branch") Peace Corps Albina - Competencies for PCVs Page 83 co «TOPIC 7 TRANSPORTATION COMPETENCIES TO LOCATE MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO ASK FOR DESTINATION AND DISTANCE TO PURCHASE TICKETS TO ASK QUESTIONS AND RESPOND TO BUS DRIVER'S INSTRUCTIONS Pesce Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 84 f09TOPIC 7 TRANSPORTATION CULTURAL NOTE In the past, in rural Albania, people travelled by donkeys, horses, and mules. ‘These beasts of burden are still used to some extent for travel and transport of goods by farmers. At present, however, more modern means of transportation are available as well, Buses, trains, bicycles, motorcycles, in addition to a surging fleet of private taxis are operating. Private cars, forbidden until recently, are beginning to come into use also. Although the road system is not up to modern standards, it does cover the entire country. Unlike in the past, almost every Albanian village can now be reached by car ‘or bus. Public transportation remains the backbone of the system, and the use of buses and trains is of paramount importance Due to the long isolation of the country fu: 0 years, and its policy of self- sufficiency, roads, bridges, and rail tracks are in bad shape, unpaved or corroding, anc huge investments will be needed to modernize and vitalize the transportation system. Modem highways do not exist, but are in the planning stage by American, German, and Italian companies. Water transportation is important for travelers and shipping merchandise trom one port to another. New plans are being drafted to secure the handling of large ships by the Albanian ports, as it is contemplated to make of that country the gateway to the Balkans. Air transportation is provided by several foreign airlines. There are no domestic flights for lack of appropriate airports, and also due to the short distances to be covered in such a small country. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 85 104TOPIC 7 1, COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: VOCABULARY Ku? Stacion, i Autobus, i Mjaft Larg Afér - Nga Kétu Taxive ay Vjen (v.) To locate means of transportation Main Street PCV - Albanian passerby Mé falni! Ku éshté stacioni i autobusit? Eshté miatt larg nga kétu. E stacioni i taxive? Ja aty ésht8. Shumé afér. Ja njé taxi q8 vjen. Shumé miré. Béni shenjé me doré. Where? station (the) bus (the) ‘enough, sufficient far close, nearby from here of the taxi (pl) there (he, she, it) comes Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 86 be ° 3TOPIC 7 Bani (v.) make, do (pl.) Shenjé, a sign (the) Béni shen}! Wave! Hail! Doré, ra hand (the) SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Maginé, na car (the) Tren i train (the) Anije, ja boat (the) Avion, i aircraft (the) Aeroplan, i airplane (the) Bigiklet’ ta bicycle (the) Motogikleté, ta motoreycle (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES : The form BENI! (You/make!) is the imperative of BEJ (I do, | make) plural, or polite. As in English the imperative is formed by dropping the personal pronoun. Ex: Tibén (you do) Bén! (do!) sing Ju béni (you do) Béni (do!) pl. . In some adjectives, pronouns and adverbs, the letter “K" relates to proximity, while the letter “A” to distance. Ex: KETU (here) ATY (there) KY (this) m. sg. AY (Al) (that; also he) KJO (this) f. sg. AJO (that, aiso she) KETW (to this one) m.sg. _AT!J (to that one) m. sg. KESAJ (to this one) sg. ASAJ (to that one) f. sa. Peace Corps Albunia - Competencies for PCVs | Page 87RE TOPIC 7 + The expression BENI SHENJE ME DORE! or BENI ME DORE! is used for drawing attention and/or to hail a taxi. + ‘The pronoun Qé (that) used before a verb expresses an action in progress. Ex: NJE TAX! QE VJEN (A taxi which is coming.) PRONUNCIATION NOTES + TAXtis pronounced as in English with an open “A”. + JA! (Here is) is pronounced as the English YEAH! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 88 {04SN eee TOPIC 7 PCV: PCV: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Zotéri, a Ambasadé, da Shpie (v.) Sa? Zores (v.) Kushton (v.) To ask for destination and distance Street in the city of Durrés PCV - Taxi driver Taxi! Taxi! Ku shkoni zotér? Né Ambasadén Amerikane né Tirané. Si urdhéron! Ju shpie uné. Duhet t zbres kétu? Po, zotéri! Sa kushton udha? Kushton 46 leké. Ja, kétu keni pesédhjeté leké. Mbani kusurin si bakshish Falemnderit! Mister, sir Embassy (the) leads to; also: sends How much. ..? descend itcosts Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 89TOPIC 7 Kusur, i rest (the), the change Bakshish, i tip (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . ‘The regular verb DESHIRO\ is translated “I would like to” rather than *! want" for which the form DUA is mostly used. It's more polite. . JU SHPIE UNE (I take you there). The personal pronoun UNE at the end of the sentence is used for emphasis. + ‘The interrogative pronoun SA? can be translated as “how much" and “how many.” Ex: SA LARG ESHTE TIRANA? (How far is Tirana?) ‘SA KUSHTON UDHA? (How much does the trip cost?) SAHERE? (How many times?) + BAKSHISH (tip) Recently the word TIP is also being used Peace Corps Albania - Compcencies for PCVs Page 90 106TOPIC 7 FOV: POV: PCV: VOCABULARY Bileté, a Vetém Vaitie Ardhje Vajtje-ardhje Kushton (v.) Kusur, i Urdhéro! (expression) NB g'or8? Ore, ra Gmim, i To purchase tickets ‘Window, bus station PCV - Clerk Njé bileté par Shkod Vetém vaitie apo vaitje-archje? Vajtje-ardhje, ju lutem. Sa kushton? Kushton néntédhjeté leké, dhe vien pér tridhjeté aité. Né core niset autobusi? Pikéricht né oren 8.00 t8 méngjesit, dhe pérséri né orén 1,00 pasdreke. ticket (the) only one way (alse: going) coming (also: arrival) going-coming: round trip it costs change (the) Please! I beg your pardon! ‘At what hour? hour (the) price (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 91 167TOPIC 7 SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Bileté javore Bileté mujore weekly ticket monthly ticket Bileté hyrje ‘entrance ticket Vend pérpara front seat Vend prapa back seat Shoter, i dryer (the) Konduktor, i conductor (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES The expression SA KUSHTON? (How much does it cost?) is the most commonly used. The expression SA ESHTE CMIMI? (What's the price?) is also used. MIM | LARTE (higit price) MIM | ULET (low price) MIM | MIRE (good price) GMIM I ARSYESHEM (reasonable price) URDHEAO! (sg.) URDHERONI! (pl.) is a polite form used both in questioning and in answering. It may be translated in many ways: Ex: Repeat it, pleasel; Here y.u are, sit (madam)!; At your orders! Yes, sir (madam). Presently, itis being used less. PRONUNCIATION NOTES VAJTJE - ARDHJE . The’j sound is fully pronounced in all three caves, MIMI (tchmimi) as the TCH in the English MA-TCH Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 92TOPIC 7 SITUATION: PCV: PCV: c: VOCABULARY Le lis Shkoni! (v.) Vagon, i Ve (v.) Valixhe, xhja Mbani (v.) Prané Vehtes Ulunit (v.) To ask questions and respond to bus driver's instructions In the train PCV - Conductor Biletén, ju lutem. Ku shkoni? N& Shkodér. (A) ka vende t8 lira? ‘Shkoni né vendet prapa té vagonit. Ku mund té vé valixnen? E mbani prané vehtes. Uluni tani! free (m.{. so.) Go! (pl.) wagon, car (the) put suitcase, iuggage Keep! (pl.) next to yourselt Sit down! (pl.) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 93TOPIC 7 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES The impersonal expressions of weather are formed with the verb BEN (it does) from BE-J (Ido) BE-JME (we do) BE-N BE-NI BE-N BE-JNE BEN KOHE E MIRE! t's nice weather! BENVAPE! | It's hott BEN TE FTOHET! It's cold! BENKOHEEKENE! It's bad weather! BEN DIMER! it's winter! PRONUNCIATION NOTE VAGONI is pronounced with a simple “V.” There is no “W" sound in Albanian. PROVERB FJALA E VERTETE TE NXIERS NE SELAMET ‘Truth is the best policy Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 94 tro1. 2. TOPIC 8 DIRECTIONS COMPETENCIES TO ASK FOR AND GIVE LOCATION OF MAJOR BUILDINGS TO ASK FOR AND GIVE SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS TO A PLACE Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 95TOPIC 8 DIRECTIONS CULTURAL NOTE The nation's capital is Tirana, and is centrally located. To the north, the city of Shkodér, is a major cultural center and the religious center of the Roman Catholic Albanians. Directly to the west of Tirana, is the panoramic seaport of Durrés, the country's largest. To the south lies Elbasan with its oriental charm, and the picturesque town of Berat, known for its religious shrines and the distinctive architecture of its houses. Farther south, on the seacoast, is the town of Vioré. site of the prociamation of Albania's independence on November 28, 1912. The town of Korga, southeast of Tirana, has been for a long time a center of culture and arts. Most of the foreign visitors and tourists are attracted by Albania's beaches on the Adriatic Sea, and its Northern Alps. Due to the limited industrialization of the country, most of it has kept its clean air and its natural beauty (exceot for the town of Elbasan, which was turned into an ecological disaster by @ rather primitive but huge metallurgical piant) Foreign teurists are also interested in seeing the town of Krujé where there is a Museum dedicated to Albania’s national hero George Kastrioti (known as ‘Skenderbeu), the general who fought Turkish invasions for 25 years during the 15th century. The archeological discoveries of Durrés, Pojan (former Apoilonia), and Butrint are most interesting. There is a castle in almost every town of Albania, some better preserved than others. The castle of Shkodér, built by the lllyrians some 3.000 years ago. stands majestic at the entrance of the town. (The castles of Berat and Gijirokastér, further south are similarly notable.) Albania has four major rivers running from east to west. None of them is navigable, except for shorter tracts. The lakes (Shkodér, Pogradec, and Prespé) are beautiful and unspoiled. There are many sites in Albania waiting for a successful development for tou‘ism, especially the beaches and the Northern Alps with their skiing potential. An ALBATOURIST government agency promotes tourism and assists foreigners asking for information. It is located in the capital of Tirana. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 96TOPIC 8 1. COMPETENGY: SITUATION: ROLES: PCV: P PCV: P. Pov: es VOCABULARY Dini Ministri, a Arsim, i Jo! ‘Shkoni (v.) Prané Shesh, i Skenderbeu Kulture, ra Mund To ask for and give location of major buildings Inthe street PCV - Passerby MB faini, ju lutem! (A) e dini ku éshté Ministria e Arsimit? Jo! Mé duket éshté prané Ministrisé é Kulturés. Si mund t& shkoj ate? Me kémbé. Drejt. Nuk éshté larg, kundrejt Sheshit, Skencerbeu. Falemndenit! Ska perse! Do you know (pl.) Ministry (the) education (the) No! Go (you, pl. and polite) next to square (the) Skenderbeu cutture (the) Can Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 97TOPIC 8 Shiko} (V.) Me kémbé Drejt Kundrejt Mé duket Aly 190 on foot straight ahead across from it seems to me there SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY mé té gjathté to the right mé té mébgjér tothe lett pérpara forward, ahead prapa backward, back GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES DINI (you know, pl. and polite); sg. DIN from the verb Di (I know) S| MUND? (How can?) MUND (can) doesn't change with the subject in singular Ex: SI MUND UNE? (How can 1?) ‘SI MUND TI? (How can you?) ‘SI MUND Al or AJO? (How can he or she?) : ME KEMBE (on foot) ME MAQINE (by car) ME BICIKLETE (on bicycle), etc. ME DUKET (it seems to me) The verb requires the indirect ‘object pronoun. x: ME DUKET (It seems to me) NA DUKET (lt seems to us) TEDUKET ( to you) JU DUKET ( to you) IDUKET ( to him/her) UDUKET ( to them) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 98 beTOPIC 8 PRONUNCIATION NOTES DJATHTE The voiceless E is hardly heard MENGJER: Both voiceless Es are stressed. (GEG dialect uses MAJTAS for “ieft”) Peace Corpt Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 99 ae 5TOPIC 8 PCV: Pov: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Mé thuani (v.) Spital. i | pérgjthshém Drejt Deri Rruge, ga Elbasan, i To ask for and give directions to a place On the street PCV - Passerby ‘Té iutem! (A) mund té mé thuani ku éshté Spitali i Pargjithshém? Pol Shkoni drejt nga Jugu. deri te Rruga e Elbasanit, Pastal? Atje, kéthehuni nga e méngjéra dhe ecni njé kilometér. Ku éshté Spitali Spitali éshté né anén e djathté. Eshté njé ndénesé e madhe me tulla té kuge, dhe mban flamurin e Krygit té Kuc, Falemnderit! Ska pérse! Tell me (pl) hospital (ttrey general (m. sg.) straight ahead up to street (the) town of Elbasan Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 100 16TOPIC 8 Kéthehuni (v.) Tum, retum (you, pl.) Nga e mangjéra on the left Ec Walk (you, sg.) Jug, u south (the) Nga e djathta on the right Ndénesé, sa building (tne) Tull, la brick (the) I kug, @ kuge red (m. 1. 89.) Man (v.) he, she, it holds Flamur, i flag (the) Krya, i ross (the) SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Veri, u north (the) Jug, u south (the) Lingje, ja east (the) Peréndim, i west (the) Je bardhé white (m. f. 89.) Le verdhé yellow (m. t. s.) be gjelbar green (m. fs.) 1 2i, e zez8 black (m. f. sg.) Peace Corps Aloania - Competencies for PCVs aan 2 Page 101TOPIC 8 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + DRENT (adverb, straight) Ex: SHKONI DREVT (go straight), ECNI DREJT (walk straight) PROVERBS GOJA MJALTE E ZEMRA THATE Watch out for the haney-tongued rascal. MOS E LENDO KU I DHEMB Don't touch where it hurts. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 102 In ce=a =e een ee ee ee etl et eee ep TOPIC 9 SHOPPING COMPETENCIES TO DESCRIBE NEEDS/ASK FOR AVAILABILITY TO DISCUSS THE QUALITY OF ITEMS TO COMPARE CLOTHING TO BARGAIN, TO BUY, OR TO REFUSE ITEMS TO PAY FOR ITEMS AND INDICATE AMOUNT/CHANGE !S CORRECT OR INCORRECT Peace Corps Albanis - Compeiencies for PCVs Page 103,TOPIC 9 SHOPPING CULTURAL NOTE Shopping in Albania until the 1945 Communist takeover was done exclusively in privately owned stores. Merchants of all kinds filled the main streets of major cities. In the outskirt areas, stores of essential goods and Services - baker, grocer, barber, shoemaker, and the like~made a small nucleus of stores serving mainly their neighborhood. In the villages, one could find mainly grocers and locksmiths, since bread and food was prepared at home by farmers. Most Albanians did their major shopping on a certain day, or days, of the week usually in an open air market of the nearest town, called “PAZAR," an oriental-style bazaar, noisy but colorful. After World War Il, domestic commerce was taken over by the Goverment, both wholesale and retail. Almost everythiiig was rationed, and specific days and hours were assigned for the supply of different sections of the population. Scarcity eliminated the choice, and food was rationed to a poor population, who worked hard to avoid starvation. In post-war Albania the weekly shopping was discontinued, 2s a regimented shopping system replaced it, and proved to be a failure. More tecently, the government's network of domestic commerce has fallen apart. Individuals and smail groups of enterpreneurs nave taken ‘the initiative to form e private market under difficult conditions, but there are shortages of almost éverything. Farmers have gotten their land, but have no implements to till it since the government owns the agricultural machinery now in disrepair. It is hoped that little by littie, a more organized free market will eventually be able to supply the essential goods for the jocal population. At present, Albania is suffering from lack of food, including the bread, milk and dairy products, suger, cll, soap, and other essentials, These items are sold at exorbitant prices to 2 Population who live on meager salaries or unemployment benefits. As of now, there are no supermarkets in Albania. In the last two years, serious shortages of food and other consumer products have occurred. Fortunately, humanitarian shipments of food and of other critical goods from other countries are doing a lot to alleviate the situation. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for FCVs Page 105TOPIC 9 1. COMPETENCY: ‘SITUATION: ROLES: PCV: AH: PCV: AH: PCV: AH: VOCABULARY M& duhet (expr.) Mé duhen (exp.) Pazar, i Pérse? Blej (v.) Sepse Nevoié, ja Kam nevojé (expr.) Palé, la Kepucé, ca To describe needs and ask for availability In the house PCV - Albanian host Mé duhet té shkoj né pazar. Perse? Ctaré déshironi té bleni? Sepse, kam nevojé pér njé palé kepucé. N@ pazar, nuk ka képucé. Vetém né dygane gjeni kepucé. Me duhen edhe sapuni, furga dhe bari i dnémbave etj. ‘Ato, po! Do t'i gjeni té gjitha né pazar. Ihave a need for (1 object) Ihave a need for (many) open ait marketplace why? What for? Ibuy Because need (the) Ineed pair (the) shve (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 105TOPIC 9 Vetém Dygan, i Gjej (v.) Sapun, | Furgé, ¢2 (also: Brushé, sha) Bari i dhémbéve (also: pasta e dhémbéve) alone only, also: store (the) | find soap (the) brush (the) toothpaste (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . ‘The expression ME DUHET (| need to... | must) is used with the verb in the subjunctive mood. Ex: ME DUHET TE SHKO-J (I must go) NA DUHET TE SHKO-JME ‘TE DUHET TE SHKO-SH JU DUHET TE SHKO-NI 1 DUHET TE SHKO-JE U DUHET TE SHKO-JNE + ME DUHEN (Ihave a need for. . . (manyl) * ‘The question PERSE? (why?) ang the answar SEPSE. (because) are more formal. PSE? and PSE. are more colloquial. + NJE PALE KEPUCE (A pair of shoes) NUE LITER VAJ (A quart of oil) NJE KILO SHEQER (1 kg of sugar) NJE DUZINE VEZE (A dozen eggs) + KA (There is, there are) and the negative NUK KA - do not change. PRONUNCIATION NOTE + DHEMBEVE: The accent falls on the first voiceless E. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 106 0 eSwere TOPIC 9 2. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: PCV: v: POV: V: PCV: VOCABULARY Pjepér, pri Karpuz, i (also; Shaiqi, ri) ie miré |, e pjekur Nuk besoj Duket Me duket Pak i foné ky katy Me Mé i miré 1, e bute To discuss quality of items In the *pazar” PCV - Vendor Ky pjepér duket i miré. Eshté i pjekur? Sigvtisht! Snikonil Eshté i ver thé. Nuk basoj, Mé duket pak i forté. Ky kétu duket mé i miré. ‘Shumé i buté. Nuk éshté i freskét. cantaloupe (the) watermelon (the) good (m. . 9.) ripe (m. 1. sg.) | don't believe tt appears Mappears tome... Somewhat hard This one over here more better (lt. more gcod) soft (m. f. sg.) Peace Corps Atbania - Competencies for PCVs Page 107TOPIC 9 SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY |, @ freskét |e émbél |e tharté |, e njelmat Shije, ja fresh (m.f. sg.) sweet (m. f. 59.) sour (m. f. sg.) salty (m. f. 5g.) taste (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES DUKET (expr. seems, It appears. From the passive voice DUKE-M (Iseem,| appear) DUKE-MI (we seem, we appear) DUKE-SH DUKE-NI DUKE-T (he, she, it seems) DUKE-N. NUK BESOJ (I don’t think sol) The opposite: BESOJ SE PO! (I do think so!) Peace Corps Albania - Compttencies for PCVs Page 108 | |TOPIC 9 PCV: PCV: D: PCV: VOCABULARY Provoj (v.) Natyrisht! Masé, sa Juaj To compare clothing and sizes In the store Salesgirl Drita Garé déshironi Zotéri? Njé palé kepucé té zeza, numri 10 1/2. Mé vjen keg, zotéri. Kétu i themi numri 42. ‘Shumé miré. (A) mund ti provoj? Natyrisht! Eshté kjo masa juaj? Jo! Eshté e vogél. Numri dyzet e tre, ju lutem. I try (it) on Naturally! size, measure (the) your SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Kapelé, la Dorezé, za Kravate, ta Gorap, i Shami. a hat (the) glove the) tie (the) sock (the) handkerchief (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 109 gopeepee | 5 TOPIC 9 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + MUND TE PROVO\...? (May try on?); MUND Tl PROVOJ? (May | try them on?). The direct object pronoun is placed immadiately before the main verb. . ‘The expression ME VETE MIRE PUNA, and the opposite NUK ME VETE MIRE PUNA (Everything is going well for me and everything is not going well for me) are widely used. 7 ME VETE MIRE! (fits me well, used for items of clothing) PRONUNCIATION NOTE i . KEPUCE: Accent over the U. Both Es are pronounced. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCV: Page 110 26TOPIC 9 4, COMPETENCY: To bargain, to buy, or to refuse items ‘SITUATION: Ina general store BOLE: PCV - Merchant Pov: Mirédital M: Mirédital Qfaré déshironi? POV: Nié pageté me shegerka, dhe njé shkrepse, ju lutem. M: Si urdhéronil. Dhjeté leké pér pagetén. POV: ‘Shumé shtrenjté! Njf pageté me shegerka kushton teté leké. Me Atéheré, merreni pér nénté leké. POV: Jo! Mé vien keg! Nuk paguaj mé shumé, M: Atéheré Shkoni né njé dygan tijetér. VOCABULARY Pageté, ta pack (the) Shegerké, ka candy (the) Gokelata, ta chocolate (the) Kuti, a box (the) Biskoté, ta cookie (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES SHTRENJTE (expensively) is an adverb formed from the adjective I SHTRENJTE. Many adverbs in Albanian are formed by dropping the | or E of the adjective. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 111TOPIC 9 PCV: PCV: PCV: Me VOCABULARY Peséchjeté e pesé Gjashtédhjeté Keni t8 drejté! Nuk keni t8 drejté! E drejté, a Jeni té gabuarl E keni gabiml Plot To pay for items and indicate amount/change is correct oF incorrect Ina store PCV - Merchant Sa kushton kémisha? Pesédhjeté e pesé leké. Ja, kétu keni giashtédhjeté leké. Ky éshté kusuri. Mé falnil_Kétu jané katér leké. Ju duhet t8 mé kétheni pesé lexé. Keni té drejté. Mé falnil Ja edhe njé lek. fifty-five sixty Your are right! You are not right! Tight (the), also: law You ere wrong! You are wrong! full; also: plenty, complete Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 112 a wGTOPIC 9 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES The word KUSUR, | (the change, the rest) is widely used, PRONUNCIATION NOTE . The numbers: PESE-DHJE-TE [are compounded nouns. GJASHTE-DHJE-TE and they have two accents. Both Es are also heard. PROVERB GENJESHTRA | KA RRENJET PERJASHTA Alig has a shor life-span Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 113Aon Px om TOPIC 10 SOCIAL LIFE COMPETENCIES TO GREET AND TO ENGAGE IN SMALL TALK TO OFFER AND ACCEPT FOOD AND DRINKS TO INVITE AND RESPOND TO INVITATIONS TO GIVE AND RESPOND TO COMPLIMENTS TO DESCRIBE ONE'S FEELINGS/EXPREES GRATITUDE TO INQUIRE ABOUT SPECIFIC LOCAL CUSTOMS TO GIVE OR ACCEPT GIFTS TO INDICATE TO THE UNEXPECTED VISITOR THAT ONE IS BUSY Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 114TOPIC 10 SOCIAL LIFE CULTURAL NOTE in the past, Albanians generally entertained one another by exchanging social visits, relating folk tales, and playing old games handed down from one generation to another. But modem commercial forms of amusement have Szught up with Albania, too. Nowadays, they also go to the cinema and the theater, visit museums, attend concerts and folk festivals, and travel to the country’s different vacation resort areas. Albanians like to visit the nation’s historic monuments, Presently, youth in particular are very fond of Wester music and TV. Such American drama serials as “Dallas” and “Dynasty” were huge successes. However, two forms of entertainment with a long past in that country remain the same: the coffehouse and the leisurely walk through the main street of the town every evening and on Sundays (SHETITJE). One can see huge crowds filling the smoky rooms of the coffeehouses playing cards, dominos, checkers and chess, or simply che’ting while Chainsmoking. The main subject of the daily discussions remains domestic and Intemational politics, mainly by men, an attitude Albanian women resent. Drinking at the coffeehouses is not widespread, except for the beer. The famous “RAXI" is usually consumed in the bar-like places called PIUETORE (or the Turkish name of MEJHANE), which even today are seen as undesirable places for “decent people.” ‘The leisurely walk in the main street of the town serves many purposes. Besides its function as a physical exercise, it is also used to meet friends, and for young boys and girls who like flirting, “to screen” the beauties of the town, Pleasant, inoffensive remarks are “thrown” to the favorites or prospective sweethearts, by the more “audacious” young men. For Sundays and holidays, soccer games remain the main attraction as {ans fill the stadiums to capacity. With the introduction of the TV, however, many people, including youth, prefer staying home. Modemity is changing Albanian society, t00. . Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 115TOPIC 10 1 COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: Pov: Pov: PCV: & PCV: VOCABULARY Urdhére! Brenda Ulu (v.) Rai (v.) Ben vapé (expt) Apo jo? (expr) Dalim (v.) Shetitje, ja To graet and engage in small talk In the house PCV - Albanian friend Gazmir Mirédital Urdhéro brenda! Mirédital Si je sot? Miré, falemnderit! Ulu té rriimé pak. Jol Nuk mundem. Bén shumé vapé, apo jo? Shumé vap8. Do té dalim pér shetitje? Pol Vishu shpejt, Shkojmé nga parku. Duket sikur do bjeré shi. Ashtu gofté! Do freskohet koha pak. Please come inside Be seated! I stay I's hot! Doesn’ it? Let’s go out walk (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 116 132wasmmeewe ee ee ee i Be ee TOPIC 10 Vishu (v.) Shpejt Vemi (v.) Park, u Sikur. . . Bie shi Ashtu qottal (expr) Freskohet Kohé, ha Si éshté kona? Get dressed! quick, hurry! let's got park (the) ‘What about... (as if) it rains Ament it gets cooler weather (the) How is the weather? GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . The expression URDHERO BRENDA! (Come inside, please!) is the first word an Albanian host would say. = APO JO? is the equivalent of the English - Isn't? + ASHTU QOFTE! (Amen) Albanians also use AMIN! PRONUNCIATION NOTE + ASHTU QOFTE: is pronounced as one single word (English approximation: ASHTOO CHOFT). Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 117 133TOPIC 10 PCV: Pov: & Pov: VOCABULARY Kale, kafeneja Si té duash Pérjashta Pij Digke Limonadé, da Akull, i Birra, ra Do + the infinitive Afrohet Koha e drekés To order and accept foad or drinks In a coffeehouse PCV - Albanian friend Gazmir Té ndalemi né kété kafe? Sit8 duash. Rriimé pérjashta. G'déshiron ta pijsh? Digka t6 ftohat. Njé limonadé me akull, Uné do té marr njé birré. Do gj pér té ngréné? Jo tani, Po afrohet koha e drekés, cotfeehouse (the) as you wish outside, outdoors | drink something limonade (the) ice (the) beer (the) Would you like anything? is approaching the lunch time Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 118TOPIC 10 SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Mengjes, i breaktast Dreké, ka lunch (the) Darké, ka dinner (the) Koha e darkés the dinner time Koha e bukés the meal time GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES TE NDALEMI? (Should we stop?). TE RRIJME PERJASHTA! (let's stay outside!) is a short form of LE TE RRIME PERJASHTA! LE is used (as the English LET) for the I, WE, HE, SHE, IT, and THEY forms. Ex: LE TE NDALEM! (let me stop) LE TE NDALEMI! (let us stop) LE TE NDALETI (let him/her stop) LE TE NDALEN! (let them stop!) DO GJE? (Would you like anything?) is a widely used colloquialism. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 119TOPIC 10 PCV: PCV: Pov: VOCABULARY Sikur té shkojmé Teatér, tri Opera Balet, i Le té provojme! Glagie Valle, ja Kengé, nga To make and respond to an invitation i's home PCV « lr Sikur té shkojmé né Teatrin e Operas dhe Baletit? Beson se gjen bileta? Eshté von8. Le té provojmé! Eshté njé cfagje e operas shqiptare. Verteté? Duhet té keté valle, kéngé, © muziké shqiptare. Po! Sidomos kostumet jané miaft t8 bukura. Jam mjatt kurioz. Sa kushton bileta? Nuk éshté shumé. 25 leké. What about gaing to. . . theater (the) Opera (the) Ballet (the) let's try it performance (the) dance (the) song (the) Peace Coms Albenia - Competencies for PCVs Page 120 3Ga) ares eee ee ee ee ee TOPIC 10 Muzika, ka music (the) Kostum, i costume (the) Te bukura beautiful (f. pl.) Kurioz, @ (m.t. 8g.) curious Nuk @shté shumé It's not too much Nuk éshté pak It's not too little. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES SIKUR + subjunctive = How about + verb Ex: SIKUR TE VIZITOJME MUZEUMIN? (How about visiting the museum?) LE TE PROVOJME! (let's try!) The command form for WE with LE (the equivalent of the English: LET US... .) Ex: LE TE SHKOUME (Let's gol) LE TE FLASIM (Let's speak.) LE TE HAME (Let's eat.) Comps Albania - Competencies for PCV: Page 12sTOPIC 10 PCV: PCV: & PCV: VOCABULARY Tungiatejetal Vetem pak Masuar (v.) Mig t Shaiptaré Perparuar (v.) Kompliment, i Parséri To give and respond to compliments In the office PCV - Albanian friend Leart Tungjatjeta, Zoti Mark! (A) flitni shqip? Tungjatjetal Po, flas vetém pak. Pérkundrazi! Duket se flisni miré. Ku e keni masuar? Pak me liber, pak duke folur me mig shqiptare. Shumé miré. Keni pérparuar miatt. Falemnderit pér komplimentin, Do té flasim perséri. Hallo! only 2 little leamed, studied friends (tne) Albanians advanced compliment (the) again, anew Peace Corps Albanis - Competencies for PC¥s Page 122 iymm TOPIC 10 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES PER TE FOLUR SHOIP (to speak Albanian) FLAS SHOIP (| speak Albanian) FLASIM SHQIP (we speak Albanian) FLET SHOIP FLISNI SHOIP FLET SHOIP FLASIN SHQIP Past definite: FOLA SHQIP (I spoke Albanian) Past participle: FOLUR (spoken) Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Page 123 ragTOPIC 10 PCV: PCV: t Pov: VOCABULARY Etje, ja Kam etje! (expr) Te marrim (v.) Nga nije Akullore, fja Mé vjen keq! (expr) Eshté voné Krevat, i Sonte Pushim, i To describe one's feelings and express gratitude In the straet POV - llr Kam etje, T8 marrim nga njé akullore. Mé vjen keg. Eshté voné, dhe jam shumé i lodhur. Do té shkojsh né krevat heret, sonte? Beso se po. Kam nevojé pér pushim. Sidogoté, falemnderit pér fesén. ‘Ska pérsel Shinemi nesér. Natén e miré! Natén e mirél thirst (the) tam thirsty! let us take. . one each ice cream (the) Jam sorry! Itis late! bed (the) tonight rest (the) Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Page 126 P40TOPIC 10 Sidogotté anyway Fiesé, sa invitation (the) Natén e mirél Good night! GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . Expressions with KAM (I have) KE, KA, KEMI, KENI, KANE: KAM URI (I am hungry) KAM NEVQUE (I have a need) KAM ETJE (1 am thirsty) KAM PUNE (I have work to do) KAM TE FTOHET (lamcold) KAM HALLE (I have problems) KAM VAPE (| am hot) KAM FRIKE (I have a fear, etc.) ‘The negative form is made by adding NUK (or S') before the verb. Ex: NUK KAM UAI (| am not hungry); S'KAM URI (| am not hungry) + Many expressions in Albanian are formed with ME VJEN (It comes tome. ..) Ex ME VJEN KEQ (lam sorry!) ME VJEN LEI (I find it ME VJEN MIRE (lam pleased!) Me WEN MBAR (1 er ME VJEN RENDE (I find it hard) ME VJEN vesemine (1 (find it difficult) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 125TOPIC 10 Pov: POV: VOCABULARY Nentor, i Shénjtor, i Ashtu? Si festohet? Zakonisht Thuhet (v.) Meshé, sha Kishé, sha Nierézi, a To inquire about specific local customs In the park POV - llr Nesér éshté “1 Néntor * Dita e t8 Gjithé Shénjtoréve Ashtu? SI festohet kétu? Zakonisht thuhet Mesha e Madhe né Kishé, dhe pastaj njerézia shkon né varreza. Vizitojné varret e té aférmve, t8 shokéve, t& migve. Po! Atje vené lule, ndezin qirij, dhe thojné lutje fetare. Zakon shumé i miré 18 kujtosh 18 vdekurit. November Saint (the) Isit s0? How it is celebrated? usually, costumarily itis said Mass (the) Church (the) crowd (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCs Page 126 =TOPIC 10 Varrezé, 2a cemetery (the) Vart, grave (the) Te aférmt (pl) the relatives Shok, u companion (the) Lule, a flower (the) Ndez Tight Qiri, w candle (the) Lute, ja prayer (the) Fetar,e religious, m.f. 59. Zakon, i custom (the) | vdekuri the dead, m. sg. E vdekura the dead, f. sg. Té vdekurit the dead (in general) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES DITA E TE GJITHE SHENJTOREVE (The Day of All Saints). The adjective ALL precedes tne noun, As a rule, in Albanian the adjective follows the noun. ASHTU? (ls that so?) The answer is: PO! ASHTU ESHTE! (yes! It is sol) or JO! NUK ESHTE ASHTUI (Nol It is not so!) ‘ZAKONISHT (customarily) is formed trom ZAKON (custom) NJEREZIA (the crowd) collective noun it is used both in singular and plural forms. Ex NJEREZIA GEZON FESTEN. (The crowd enjoys the holiday) NJEREZIA GEZOJNE. (The crowds enjoy) Peace Corps Aloania - Competencies for PCs Page 127TOPIC 10 PRONUNCIATION NOTE SHENJ-TORE-VE: The voiceless & is not heard. (English approximation: SHAY-TOR-VEH) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 128 s44TOPIC 10 7, COMPETENCY: SITUATION: ROLES: Pov: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Miré-se-vjen! Miré-se-vinit Peshaesh, i Party Shpenzoj (v.) Gié, gjéia Kujtim, i To give and accept a gift Iis's home PCV «Iris Mirémbréma, Iris, Mirémbréma, e miré-se-vjen. Urdhé-o! Falemnderit! Kétu kam njé peshqesh pér ty. Té lutem, nuk éshté nevoja. Pse shpenzoni? Njé gié e vogél pér kujtim. Jo shpenzime té médha. Edhe uné do t'a ruaj pér kujtim. Falemnderit! Ska pérse! Welcome! (sg.) Welcome! (pl.) gift (the) for you | spend thing (the) remembrance (the), souvenir 2s for PCV Page 129 Peace Corps Albania - CompeTOPIC 10 Shpenzim, expense (the) Ruaj (v.) | watch GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Preposition PER (for) requires the accusative case. Ex: PER MUA (for me) PER NE (for us) PERTY PER JU PER ATE (for him/ner) PER ATA (m. pl.) PER ATO (1. pi.) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 130emit Gd BBA RBRE EERE BER EB TOPIC 10 Pov: Pov: PCV. VOCABULARY Do ta viish? (v.) Nuk kem kohé Part bare (v.) lezen 2yré, ra Leril e some To indicate to the unexpected visitor that one is busy In the office PCV - Unexpected visitor Mirédita, Mark! Mirédital ke déshiron? Do t& shkoj né cinema, Do té vijsh me mua? Mé fal, por kam shumé puné. Pse? Glaré ke pér té bera? Jam shumé | zéné me puné té zyrés. Oh! Lari per nesér. Jo! Puna e soime nuk linet pér nesér. Do you want to come? | have no time to do, to make busy, occupied office (the) Leavel Drop! of today Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 131TOPIC 10 Linet is lett Per nesér for tomorrow GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES * The preposition ME (with) requires the accusative case. Ex: ME MUA (with me) ME NE (with us) ME TY (with you) ME JU (with you) pl. ME ATE (with him/her) ME ATA, ME ATO (with them) m. f. pl PRONUNCIATION NOTE + LERII The accent falls on the &. PROVERBS DASHURIA ESHTE E VERBER Love is bling ZANATI NUK TE LE PA DUKE The trade will not tet you without bread Peace Corps Albama + Competeucies for PC¥s Page 132a 2. 3 TOPIC 11 COMMUNITY SERVICES COMPETENCIES TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT TO REPORT THE LOSS OF AN ITEM OR AN ACCIDENT TO POLICE, TO GO TO THE MOVIES, THEATER, CONCERT Feace Corps Albans - Competencies for FOYs Page 133TOPIC 11 COMMUNITY SERVICES CULTURAL NOTE Community services in Albania have existed for a long time. Banking and other financial institutions operated in the country before, although many of them were foreign-owned. Other community services, such as public utilities have always been operated and funded by the goverment. Police, tirefignters, sanitation workers, and the like, were well-organized although on a limited scale. Again, the couritryside has sorely missed tnese services. After the war, the communist goveinment became the sole employer. All services were fully taken over by a government intent on changing tne entire social fabric of Albania. These changes involved also the gradual reduction of the family influence, and the gradual disappearance of the extended family. With most of the women joining ihe working force, full time of part time, and away from home in shops, factories, offices, ete., services such as child care centers and kindergartens became indispensable. Presently, all community services are severely taxed or handicapped ‘owing to lack of supplies, equipment, and other resources. Peace Comps Albania - Comptieacies for PCVs Page 136 A)a a ia 3 a 4 a 4 1 a 1 i f i i i 5 1 { TOPIC 11 SITUATION: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Banke, ka Llogari, a Bankar, @ (m.{. 5g) |e thjeshté (m. sg.) Dollar, i Adresé, sa | péthershém Depozituar (v.) Shumé, ma COMPETENGY: To open a bank account At the bank PCV - Teller ‘Dua té hapé njé llogari bankare t8 thjeshté, me dollaré. Ke adresé 18 parne:shme né két vend? Pol A duhet depozituar njé shumé fillestare? Po! Aférsisht 100 doliaré. Duhet plotesuar adne formulari. Po arka kursimi? Po, ka! Aly nuk ke shume fillestare. bank (the) account (tne) banking simple dollar (tne) address (tho) permanent deposited ‘sum (tne) Peace Corps Albania - Corspeiencies fer POV: Sage 136TOPIC 11 Fillestar, @ (m. Alérsisht Plotésuar (v.) Fomular, i Arka kursimi GRAMMAR sg.) initial approximately filled, completed form (the) Savings Bank AND VOCABULARY NOTES KETU PRANE (here nearby) sounds redundant. tis used for emphasis. Compare; ATJE LARG (over there far). PHANE Conjunction requiring the oative case. Ex PRANE SHESHI-T (near the square) PRANé SHKOLLE-S (naar the schoo!) PRANE QYTE’ the town) PHANE BANKE-S (near the bank) (SHESHI end UYTETI are muse. ug.; SHKOLLA and BANKA are fam 59.) Pease Corps Alama. CompEma eee ee Se SF SS See TOPIC 11 COMPETE! JCY: SITUATION: ROLES: POY: P: PCV: P: POV: ps VOCABULARY Humour (v) Ponpio'. i Te neita (ols alse: para tae, ja Star (v.) Nusa Dinu... Ge nga To repor the loss of items or accident to police Police station PCV - Policeman Me leje, zoti Polic! Kam humbur portofolin me te holla, A keni ndonjé ide se ku mund te kelé humbur? S'kam asnjé ide. Ndoshta diku g@ nga shkolla deri tek biblioteka. Glare kishto branda? Cilin keni takuar? Asnieril Brenga kisne letar-njottimin, disa fotografi, dne pak para. Boni doklaraten, dne firmoni. Do té béjmé hetime, e ju lajmerojmé, lost wallet (tha) money (tne) fava (Ine I don't have Maybe, perhaps somewners from... nes for POVE Page 137 Comps Albama - PrepTOPIC 11 Deri tek Takuat (v.) Asnjéri Letér-njottim, Deklaraté, ta Firmoni (v.) Hetim, i Laymeroj (v.) GRAMMAR up to... met none, nobody i identity card statement (the) sign it (pl) investigation (the) | notity, inform AND VOCABULARY NOTES ‘The preterita of the vero: HUMB (| lose) KAM HUMBUR (Ihave lost) KEM! HUMBUR, KE HUMBUR KENL HUMBUR KA HUMBUR, KANE HUMBUR KAM NJé IDE (Ihave an idea); NUK KAM NJé IDE (1 have no idea). Forurther stressing: NUK KAM ASNJE iDE (| don't nave No idea at all) double negative. QE NGA . .DERI (From. . .to...) Ex QE NGA SHTEPIA DERI NE SHKOLLE (From the house to the school) PROVERB KUR TE SHIKON, ATEHERE TE KUJTON ‘Out of sight, out of ming Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 138 inda 4 a 1 ‘ i u t 1 1 a i i t i i i i ' TOPIC 12 AT THE WORK PLACE COMPETENCIES TO ASK FOR LOCATION OF ITEMS IN THE BUILDINGS: TO ASK QUESTIONS ABOUT JOB RELATED FUNCTIONS TO REPORT PROBLEMS/PROGRESS ENCOUNTERED IN COMPLETING THE TASK TO GIVE CLASSROOM COMMANDS TO CONVERSE SOCIALLY WITH COWORKERS, TO ASK TO BE EXCUSED FROM WORK TO MAKE APPOINTMENTS WITH RECEPTIONIST OR SECRETARY IN PERSON TO CONFIRM, CHANGE, OR CANCEL APPOINTMENTS TO RESPOND TO QUESTIONS ON WORKING CONDITIONS AND REMUNERATION Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 135TOPIC 12 AT THE WORK PLACE CULTURAL NOTE As is the case for other countries, Albanians too work on farms, in factories, shops, schools, and offices. In spite of the communist government's efforts “to forcibly industrialize” the country, about 65 percent of the local population lives in the countryside, as Albania remains primarily an agricultural country. Farm work is still harsh. The mechanization of farm work is in its initial stage, and most of the jobs are done by hand, Foreigners are suprised to see that most of the farm work is done by women who are constantly seen in the fields, while many men still congregate and chat leisurely, or play games in the village's coffeehouses. In the cities, the regimented working class is beginning to break down. Most factories, # not closed, are operating only part time. Workers by hundreds of thousands live on a meager unemployment check known as “tetédhjetéshi,” (80 percent) of the salary paid by the government. In mines and large metallurgical plants, working conditions are described as deplorable. Even working in schools and hospitals is becoming more difficult with every passing day for lack of basic conditions such as heat in winter and water in summer. Office jobs remain attractive still, as they are generally perceived as being comfortable and perhaps more lucrative. Allin all, forcible industrialization has also added to this gloomy picture, bringing in heavy pollution leading to serious health hazards in the work place. Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Page 140TOPIC 12 1. COMPETENCY: ‘SITUATION: BOLES: POV: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Biblioteké, ka Drejtor, i Kat,i le pare ie dyté Té drejtohem (v.) Shkumés, i Letér, tra To ask for location of items in building In the schoo! POV = lr Kjo éshts klasa ime? Pol Dhoma prané éshté biblioteka. Ku éshté zyra e drejtorit? N& katin e dyté. Ti je kétu né katin e paré. Ku duhet té drejtchem pér shkumés dhe letér? Ne sekratari, Eshté pérballé zyrés sé drejtorit. Nuk kemi pasur letér che shxumés pér muaj me rradhé library (the) principal (the) floor (the) first second | address myself chalk (the) paper (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 141| TOPIC 12 Sekretarl, a Secretariat (the) Prané next to Pérballé opposite to (across from) SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Korridor, i hallway (the) Nevojtore, ria rest rooms (the) Palestér, @ gym Infermjeri, a nurse's office Fusha suportive sports field Laps, i pencil (the) Pendé. ca pen (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Preposition Né (in) indicates place and requires the accusative Ex: NE KATIN E PARE (in the first floor) NE KATIN E DYTE (in the second floor) NE KLASEN TIME. (in my class) NE SEKRETARINE (in the secretariat) + ORDINAI NUMBERS ere treated as adjectives with a prefix and a prepositive articie. Bx | MIRE, E MIRE, TE MIRE (good) m., t., sg. pl. Gardinal Ordinal Ex NJE 1 PARE, PARE, TE PARE DY | DYTE, E DYTE, TE DYTE TRE I TRETE, E TASTE, TE TRETE = Peace Corps. “sam + Competencies for ¥CVs Page 142TOPIC 12 PRONUNCIATION NOTE SHKUMES Accent on the U. The Eis stressed. (English approximation: shkco-mess) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Pape 143TOPIC 12 2. COMPETENCY: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Mire-se-vinit Toné (accus. of joné) Gezohem gé (expr) Shkolla e mesme To ask questions about job related functions In the school PCV « The Principal Miré-se-vini né shkollén toné! Falemnderit! Gézohem gé jam kétu. Ju do té mésoni klasét me studenté té shkollés sé mesme Jané té gjithé fillestaré né anglisht? Pothuajse! Disa kané mesuar pak mé paré. Atéheré éshté e nevojshme gé t8 japim njé provim per té paré rivelin e tyre, (Eshté) mengim i miré! Welcome! our | am happy that the high schoo! Fillestar, i beginner (the) Pothuajse! almost Atghers then: in that case I nevoyshem, @ nevojshme necessary (m. {. sg.) Peace Corps Albania + Competencies for PCs Page 148 fiTOPIC 12 Per té pare (v.) Nivel, i Le, tyre (m.f.) Mesatar, e |, e avancuar Mendim i mirét to see (infinitive) level (the) their intermediate advanced Good ideal GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES * SISHKON? (How are things going?) Also: SI VETE? is used. + PO + verb relates the meaning of an action in progress. Ex: PO PERGATIT (I am in the process of preparing) Peace Corps Albanis - Competencies for PCVs Page 1STOPIC 12 3. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: Pp: PCV: VOCABULARY Si shkon... Kurs, i Mund té vete Akoma Plotesua: (v.) |, 0,8 papérgattur Niélioj Kudo Apo jo? To report problems/progress encountered in ‘completing the task Principal's office PCV - Principal Si shkon kursi i anglishtes? Miré. Mund té vete akoma me miré. Pérse? Keni ndonjé problem? Disa studenté vijné né klasé té papérgatitur Studentat jané njélloj kudo, apo jo? Ke té drejtél How does it go. course, the can it go ‘still, yet completed unprepared the same anywhere Isnt that so? Comps Albania - Competenaits fr PEVE Page 146TOPIC 12 Ke 18 drejtél You're right! Provim, i exam (the) \, efundit last (mf. 89.) ‘Aka mundési? (expr) Is it possible? Raport, i report (the) Né lidnje me ‘conceming, in relation 10 Na e dérgoni send it to us Maginé shkrimi typewriter GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES Adjectives with no articles: FILLESTAR (m. sg.) FILLESTARE (1. s9.) FILLESTARE (m. pl.) FILLESTARE (. pi.) MESATAR (m. 59.) MESATARE (f. £9.) MESATARE (m. pi.) MESATARE (. pi.) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PC’ Page 147TOPIC 12 PCV: AS: PCV: VOCABULARY Sé basnku Tani Do te thoté? (expr) Gido te thote (expr) Gdonjen Praktikoj (v.) Koleg, u Frané Per 16 béré (v,) Dieté, ta To give classroom commands Classroom PCV - Albanian students Mirédita! Hapni librin né fagen 50, ju lutem. Nuk kam libér. Lexoni s8 bashku me Arditén. Tani gdonjeri praidixon dialogun me kolegun prané. Keni pyetie pér té beré? Zoti Mark! G'do t8 thoté fjala “DIET*? Do té thoté té ruhesh nga ushgimi gé shton peshén e trupit. together now it means what does it mean? each one | practice colleague (the) next to to do, to make diet (the) Peace Corps Albania » Competencies for PCVs Page 148meaemeeoeomomeenenweew He BRB eS TOPIC 12 Ruhem (v.) Ushaim, i Vazhdo) (V.) Shtoj (v.) Pesha, sha Trup. i I watch myself food (the) I continue Jadd weight (thé) body (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES JAKU ESHTE! (Here it is!) JA KU JANE! (Here they arel) G'DO.TE THOTE? (What does It mean?) does not change. DO TE THOTE. .. (It means. ..) NUK DO TE THOTE. .. (It does not mean. . .) PER TE bi. & (lo do, to make) the intinitive form LEXONI NE HESHTJE (Read in silence) LEXONI ME ZE (Read loudly) NJE (one) NDONJE (some, any} ASNJE (no one) 2 + Compaenses for PCV 9TOPIC 12 VOCABULARY Sie katove (exor) Protesion. ¢ Rue gy tv.) Per vente ai tv.) As unit Vazndimis: Viti Ro Gre deysn me pare? (expr To converse socially with coworkers Facully room POV - Hr Si @ kalove ditén sot? Miré, kam folur snume ne kiase Eshie natyra @ profesionit tone, Nuk gic} Kony tw 1exo) pur vente, osu th dal puk As ung, Jami zéne vazndimisnt Tani, kom pusiumet @ Vint We Hi Gre bash mw park? Ka kag gjvta per Ws bere How oid you sient (time tine’? proje:sion (the) a0 not tne for suit ‘gy out Neuner col! ‘continually tne New Year What to ao first?TOPIC 12 Ka kag... Gje, ja VOCABULA' There are so many, ‘thing (the) RY AND GRAMMAR NOTES AS UNE (neither 1) AS NE (neither we} AS TI (neitner you) AS JU (neither you) AS Al (neithe: ne} AS ATA {neitier they =m 9: ! ‘AS AJO (noitner sne) AS ATO {neither tney - m. 0!) PRONUNCIATION NOTES Albanian mtonation if relatively flat. Stress 1s word for empliasis usually placed on a Ex: JAM I ZENE VAZHDIMIGHT (Lam constantly busy? VAZHDIMISHT JAM | ZENE (Constantly | am busy) The stress is piucud on VAZHOIMISHT (constantly) because is the message we are emphasizing weapeten att fre PONS Fare iTOPIC 12 6. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: BOLES: Pov: Pp PVC: P: Pov: PB Pov: pe VOCABULARY Mund té fias? Kam nija 18 ftonte Pranctay Munderi, a Te vii Pagio! Mos u snaeteso! (expr) Kujdesahu! (v.) it’s GORY AVAILABLE ‘ To ask to be excused from work ‘At home (on phone) PCV - Principal Alol Mund té flas me drejtorin, ju lute? Alo, Mark? Une jam drejtori. Si je? Nuk jam miré, Kam nju te fronté. Me von keg. Ke rievoje par pustirn? Pol Pranday nuk kisne mundsi té vij né shkolle: ajc. E kupto. Mos u snaoiusol Dagjol Kujdesony pur shengetin Fola nd tolofon dje, por linja isnte e zene. Par fat 1 ka, kami votam njé tolofon ne shkolli, May | speak? Inave a cold That's wny the possioity that come listen Don't worry! ‘Take care! Peace Corp AltaniaTOPIC 12 Shendet, i health (the) Me shandatl To you health! Cheers! Pér fat t6 keq (@xp") unfortunately Par fat t@ mire (expr) —_fonunately GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . JAM MIRE (Lit. | am well; ! fea! well) NUK JAM MIRE ( am not feeling well) PRONUNCIATION NOTE + — SHQE-TE-SO-NI; The wecent falls on ©, English approximation: shchel-sow-nes Pew Coepe AlsatTOPIC 12 7, COMPETENCY: SITUATION: PCV: PCV: rR: Pov: VOCABULARY Vubnetar, i Snoh (v.) Arye, ja. Giskute) (v1 acon. i Pérlundimtar, & he lire To make appointments with receptionist or secretary in person Reception room POV - Receptionist Quhem Mark. Jam vulinete i Korpusit té Pages. Deshiro} té tlas me Drejtorin, Cila ashté ar. 10ja? Dua 18 diskutoj raportin perlundntar Drejteri asnté i lire né oren tre, A jeni te lire ju? Shumé mire, Ne oren tre edhe uné jam i lire, volunteer (tre) I see rauson (ine) I discuss, port (tne) final (ms. 4. 89.) tree (m. 1.53TOPIC 12 8. COMPETENCY: To confirm, change, or cancel appointments SITUATION: At the Receptionist ROLES: PCV - Receptionist Kam njé takim me drejtorin né oren tre. R Nj@ minuté, ju lutem. Ju joni Zot: Mark’? PCV: Pol Karn nj problem, Nuk jam iliré ne oren tre. ‘Mund te ndryshohat takimi per ne oren tre e gjysem? RP Njé minute te shikoj kalendann, ju lutem. Me veri keg. Ka njé tjetér takim. Pe né oren kater? PCV: Shumé mir, Do 12 vij ne oren kater. Mire-u- pafshim! BR Mire-u-patstim! VOCABULARY Tanim,t apborntrent (ne), meeting (tne eryonon IVI you cnanre (pt) ' calengar (the) Kenbiernaj (e.) Vcontier gissem, Sma hat (te, GHAMMAR AND VOCABULANY NOTES + KAMINJE TAKIM (I nave a meeting? it also means; | have an appointment, The following furtns are used KEHKod KIL A woul nee an anoint ti KONFIRMO) FAKIMIhe fy arn continmng the agpsiniment) ier oan tee Fare UeTOPIC 12 DUA TE NDRYSHOJ TAKIMIN (I would like to change the : appointment) DUA TE SHLYEJ TAKIMIN (I would like to cancel the appointment) * Sometimes the word APUNTAMENT is also used for:appointment. PRONUNCIATION NOTE * SHLY-EJ:The accent falls on the Y. (EJ as AY in lay) sys AitamsTOPIC 12 AF: POV: AF: Pov: AF: PCV. VOCABULARY Te pean" Lodnem iv) Menagesi, 8 Frage, ga Shoerclim, 4 Sa te vogel? Perdisnem, © To respond to questions on working conditions and remuneration Ina club PCV - Albanian friend Te pélgen puna né shkolle? Shumé, Lodhem, por kam kenagesi té madne. Sigurisht ju paguayné mirk. Nuk kemi trogé. Kemi njé snperolim te vogél. Sa te vogul? Oh! mjatton per nevojet tona ta perditshme, Jom me te vertele te dedikuuré! Esnite nje ras: interesant. Mire per mua to soto; ne mje vend De you line I get tweet salistastion (ine) salary (the) allowance, reward How bile? daily (mf 8.)TOPIC 12 Vend, i country (the) Rast. i ‘opportunity (the), occasion (the) |, e dedikuar devoted (m. f. 59.) Jetoj (v.) Hive GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES © TEPELQEN? (You like it?) PO, ME PELQENI (Yes, | like it!) JO, NUK ME PELQEN (No, ! don't like it) * SAE KENIRROGEN? (What's your salary’) Exprossions: KAM NJE AROGE TE MIRE. (I have a guod sal KAM NJé RAOGE TE VOGEL. (i nave a smal PROVERES MIKU 1 MIRE TE NDERON SHTEPINE ‘A good frieng brings honor DETI ME KEMBE NUK KALOHET You can walk by foo! on the sea be Po Vag Cope Aas + Comp : 1TOPIC 13 MEDICAL COMPETENCIES TO INQUIRE ABOUT MEDICAL CARE TO DESCRIBE SYMPTOMS OF ILLNESS AND RESPOND TO QUESTIONS TO PURCHASE MEDICINES AND UNDERSTAND THEIR USE TO DESCRIBE ONE'S EMOTIONAL STATE ICY SITUATION TO ACT IN AN EMER b Paes omTOPIC 13 MEDICAL CULTURAL NOTE Before WW Il, the health care system in Albania was in its rudimentary stage. The entire structure was based on the former military hospitals inherited mainly from the invading armies of Turkey, Austria, and Italy. To this motley structure, one must add a few private clinics, and health centers suppored by Catholic religious orders, aspecially in the North. The situation in the countryside was deplorable. Except for a campaign to fight malaria by the Rockefeller Foundation, no major oforts wore undenaken to eradicate such devastating diseases as TB and venereal diseuses. One had to walk many miles to reach a doctor's office. The number of physicials ail educated abroad - was minimal , and the profession was limited mainly to the chilaren of the rich, After WW Il, Albania has witnessed notable growth in health care Preventive medicine has buen especially successtul, Fiom pregnancy to early childhood, mothers und children nave bean the objec: of a well-organized « although limited - health caro system, starting {rom seratch and with admirabl sesulls in reducing inlant mortality. Hospituls und dental clinics also nave boon built in all purts of the country, inziuding the remote areas. Unlike belore the war, medical students can now earn Inet medical degree within tha county, at ine University of Tirana bee asc! School, As a result of this activity, the life expectancy of tne population nas Gramatically increased, Nevertheless, health cere currently suffers ceriously from lack of Megies.6, MECIE2 AWUIDINENt, GeterEnts, atv other wssential Nees & Q00d furt of this need has Deen filled through charitable, private, anc governmental assistance from the U.S. and Europe, Peace Corps Albauir - CompeTOPIC 13 Pov: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Rragutluar (v.) Shengetsor. € Pa pugese Menjatiale Miatton Kunine, ka Marrédninja, ja To inquire about madical care At the office PCV - bir Mé thuaj, si @shté rregulluar shérbimi mjeksor ketu? Eshte | pergiitnshem dne eshte pa pagese. Monjafjalé, mjafton te shkojsh t@ mjeku né nje klinike, Pol Megiithate, duvet te jeshé ne marrednénje pune me shtetin, Po sharbmet e spitalit, laget, etj? Ne cpita! shkohet me rekomandimin e myekut, liaget giithashtu jané pa pagese. Ka mieké private? Po! Tek ata dunet tz paguash, organizes related to health without puyrg in a word i's sufficient chins (the) relationships Peace Corps Alona - ucies fo. PCV Page 161Topic 13 Shtet, i State (the) Spital, | hospital (the) Sharbim, i service (the) Rekomandim, | recommendation (the) Privat, e private (> {, sg.) Publik, @ public (m. {. sg.) Tek at, to, by Paguar (v.) paid SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY Ampbulancé-ca ambulance (the) Infermieri, a Nurse's office Iniermier, i nurse (male) Infermiere, rie nurse (female) Nines mjek assistance doctor GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . S| ESHTE RREGULLUAR? (How is organized?) passive form S| KA RREGULLUAR? (How has he organized?) active form * The expression MJAFTON (It's sufficient) requires the subjunctive. Ex: MJAFTON TE SHKO-J (It's enough for me to go) : * SHKO-SH for you . + SHKOJE for hirw/ner . * SHKO-JME for us a * SHKO-NI for you (pl.) . * SHKO-JNE for them Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 162w TOPIC 13 PRONUNCIATION NOTE MARRE-DHEN.JE: The stress falis on the second & (English approximation: marr-then-ye) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 163 iaTOPIC 13 Phi PCV: Ph: PCV: Ph: Pov: Ph: PCV: VOCABULARY Dhémbje, ja Koké, ka Temperaturé, ra Kollitem (v.) Oreks, i Par t8 ngrené Par té pire io cescribe symptoms of ilness and respond to questions At the doctor's office PCV - Physician ‘Mé thuaj ¢'ke? Kam dhembje koke. Ke temperature? Le té shohim pak! Gjithashtu kollitem shum@. Ke oreks? Ke dashire par té ngrene? Jol Vetem par té pire. Duket se ke njé grip. Té jap njé regeté. Pusho née krevat. Falemnderit, doktor. pain, ache (the) head (the) temperature (the) | cough appetite (the) te eat to drink Peace Corps Albanis - Competencies for PCVs Page 168 Paone TOPIC 13 Grip. Reecela, ta Pusho (v.) Le 1 shohim pak! (exp) flu (tho) Prascription (the) rest! Lot us see a littl GHAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES * KAM DHEMBJE (I have an ache) can be used for all parts of the: body, unlike in English (Ex: Headache, back pain, sore tte Peace Corps Aloania + Competencies for PCVs Page 165TOPIC 13 3. COMPETENIY: SITUATION: ROLES: fn: PCV: Pn: FeV Ph: POV: Pn: Pov VOCABULARY Recelé. la Aspiring, na Sigurimet Shogerore Pi! Sa me shumé Leng, u Saji ‘To purchase med« ne and to unuerstund tnuir use In a pharmacy PCV - Pharmacist Glare destireni? Kam njé regote mjaku per ilage. Po! E-mycin dne aspinna. Dy E+mycin go dite Fulemngerit, Sa kushion’y Paguayny Siqurimot Snesurore. Mos hurro te pish Same shumne langle. Dua te fonta, Jo! Ty ngruhta, Gal, qumeght, dhe po We dus kos. Kuptoj. Falomnaorit prescription (the) aspirin (the) social secunty rink fas much as possible liquid (tre) tra (the) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCs Page 166ame ee eee eee eee le ee TorIG 13 Gumesht. i milk (1n6) 1, @ ngronet not GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + PAGUAJNE SIGURIMET SHOOERORE (ht. Pay Sox Supject 18 placed alter tne Varw to sirass tne word "pi + Imperative; Plt (Drink!) sing HA! (Eatl) sing. PINK (Orinkl) plural HANI! (Eat! piurit: PHONUNGIATION NOTE + QUMESHT: The accent falls on the U. The L is hear English approximation; cho-musht Peace Corps Albania + Co:TOPIC 13 4 COMBE TEC To vescribé one’s emotional state seTyaTioN: ‘At nome, in ved HOLES FOV «hur roy Navnem snume keg. | tere :rupi me dnemt 1 Do kaloja edhe kyo, Pov Nuk Kam snip por angie 1 Po dunet te nashy digna PCV Bone por te folur me yan rend. 1 Tan du ti Wy vat, RG) Ju, Ju! Sopse mersitem .nume, VOCABULAHY Navonorn (v.) Heal | etere tha entire Trust body (Ine) Me unemb 0) Vee: pair Asgie nothing Te hash (v,) you mus? eat (sing, Me yen rende (exo) Vind it dithsutt Marctem (v.)(oassive form) | get borud Peace Corps Altiania - Competencies for CVs Page 168on a TOPIC 1% GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES * ME DHEMB (It pains me, it hurts) NA DHEMB (it numts us) T° ( you ee you) plura 1 . ( hummer) =U ee ee + NUK KAM SHE PF RCASCIE (have so tists tormoniay Tt double negatwo is used for emprasis, Peace Corps Aluama - Compttencies for PVs Page io! .TORIC 13 5. GOMPETENGY: — To actin an emerguncy situation SITUATION: In the straet HULES: PCV « Police Pov. Alo! Policine yu futemn P Alo! Kelu fiet Stacions i Policise, Glare destiron” PCY. Ne Rrugen Dutrbsi, prams Gemalt ka nj aksiaees P: My aulometil? Eshiw i rende? POV Po! Maina zun nj burre ae eshte shine dne 1 giakosur P Tani vier: umbulanea. & dim numnn @ mazines POV: Jol Isnte me Peugeot ngiyré: blu. i Falomndent! Boi 2e (tne Ketu flet here speaks Axsident, i accigent (the) Automobil, i car (the) Ie rende serious, heavy Maqina car (the) Zuri (v.) hit (lit: caught) Peact Corps Albania = Compettcc:es for PCVsyoric 13 Bure, Je shine 1, e gjakosur Ngiyré blu GRAMMAR man (the) laying (m. bsg.) bleeding (m. {. sg.) blue color AND VOCABULARY NOTES KETU FLET, . (li: here speaks) is used as: Thus is. . .suosiking. ‘The expression MAGIA ZUAI (lit: the car caugnty is used for: tie ear hit, PROVERB PER NJE SHAMATE DUHEN DY VETA. It takes two to quarrel. Peace Corps Alvenia - Competencies tor ROVEn TOPIC 14 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES COMPETENCIES 1) DESCRIBE THE ALSANIAN COMMUNITY IN THE UNITED STATES, AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS TO REPORT ON PERSONAL CONTACTS WITH ALBANIAN FRIENDS IN THE U.S. TO EXPLAIN THE U.S. ASSISTANCE TO ALBANIA TO DISCUSS COMMON INTERESTS: PEACE, YOUTH, MUSIC, AT AND E”VIHONMENT Yeace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 173 heyTOPIC 14 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES CULTURAL NOTE People to people relations between the U.S. and Albania began with tne first Albanian emigrant reaching the shores of America in 1882. After that cay, small groups of Aibanians followed until WW |. Most of them settied in tne New England arez In Beston, New York, and Jamestown the first small Aloanian communities established new churches, new cultural and political aroups end associations (prominent among them being VATRA of Boston), newspapers clubs, etc. helping considerably the avent of Albania's ingepenoence, in November 28, 1912, During WW | several hundred Albanians servad witn the U.S. Amy in Europe. hy 1917, Albanians in America drew tho attention of President Wilson and ‘Theodore itoosavell. Both promised to assist ne newly formed country at the Pans Peace Conference, and they did so. The concept of America as an ally of Albania was thus founded on solid grounds, and remained strong thereafter. After WW | about 10,000 Aloanian-Americans retumed to Albania with a desire to nelp but with litle success. Many Americans to became attached to the Aloanian cause, Names such as Charles Crane, Teliord Erickson, Harry T. Fulz, and Rose W. Lane, and organizations Near East Foundation, American Junior Red Cross, Rockelelier Foundation are well known in Albania for their cnantable and educational effons. During WW ii, Albania sided with the Allies, but after the communist takeove’ of tne country, relalions wath the U.S. were broken until March 1931 Presently, tnere is a significant interest shown for Albania among tne official circles in Washington, D.C. as well as in the private sector. Large amounts of food and medicine have been dispatched to alleviate the present crisis situation, Even today, America, in tne eyes of most Albanians is the land of the {ree and, of course, the land of “of milk and noney.” Such an idealized view of the U.S. is certainly due to the substantial financial, economic, and cultural achievements of ine Albanian communities in the U.S., which have now grown especially with the emigration of Albanians in ‘Yugoslavia, victims of political repression. It is believed that the number of Albanians in the U.S. has passed the 300.000 mark. Many of them have distinguished themselves in the world of business, a flashpoint of attraction for the improvished masses of "mother Albania.” ‘America is also perceived as the main hope fcr the economic recovery of thal country, and Americans are, as a result, most welcome by the local population. ‘A new feature of modern Albania today is the widespread study of English language. ~ Peace Corps Albania » Competencies for PCV: Vage 173 1aTOPIC 14 1. COMPETENCY: SITUATION: POV: PCV: POV: Pvc: VOCABULARY Dagjuar (v.) Komunitet, i Mjaft Ameriké, ka Pargendruar (v.) Ne fillim Fillim, i ‘To describe the Albanian community in the U.S. and its achievements In a club PCV « llr Kemi degiuar per komunitetin shqiptar né Ameriké. Sigurisht!_ Ka mjaft shgiptaré né Ameriké. Ku jané pérgéndruar mé shumé? Ne , Bostoni njihe| miré si qendra @ shqiptaréve Tani jane edhe Nju Jorku, Datrolti, dhe Gikagoja. Parse njihej Bostoni mé shumé se qytetet tjera? Sepse ishte géndra @ Kishas Orthodokse Shqiptare dhe @ Vatres. Po! Kemi dégjuar per Kishén, per Vatrén, pér Nolin, par Konicen. . Ka edhe shumé shqiptare te tere gé kané pasur sukses ne Amerie, heard community (the) enough. sutficient America contantrated at ina be: ing beginning (the) Peace Corp: Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 174 tooee ee eee ee ee ee ee TOPIC 14 Njoh (v.) know Aendér, ra center (the) Qytet,j city (the) Kishé, sha church (the) Onhodoks, | Orthodox (tne) Katolik, u Catholic (the) Noli Bishop Fan S, Noli Konica Faik Konitza, writer and diplomat GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . Past participle is formed by droping PER TE from the infinitive. Ex: PER TE DEGJUAR (to listen to) - Past part, DEGJU “R . (listened to) PER TE PERQENDAUAR (to concentrate) - Past par. PERQENDRUAR (concentrated) + The present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliaries JAM (| am) and KAM (I nave) plus the past pan. Ex: KAM DEGJUAR (I have heard, or listen to) JAM PERQENDRUAR (| am concentrated) + ME SHUME (more) ME SHUME SE (more than) ME PAK (less) ME PAK SE (less than) + PER KISHEN PER VATREN ‘The preposition PER requires the accusative. + VATRA is the Panalbanian Federation of America) PRONUNCIATION NOTE + PER-QEN-RUAR: Accent on the U, Peace Corps Albaaia - Competencies for PVs Page 175 aayTOPIC 14 AH: POV: AH: PCV: AH: PCV: VOCABULARY Ate Naonjé Disa grbejine G'puné To report on personal contact with Albanian friends in the U.S. In an Albanian family PCV - Albanian host Atje né Ameriké, (a) Keni njohur ndonjé shqiptar? Pol Né Nju Jork, kam njohur disa shgiptaré, G’bsiné?_Me g'puné merren? Aig takova uné, ishte profesor. Giithnié flasin per Shqipériné. Po té tieré keni takuar? Pol Shumica merren me tregéti, dhe kané pasur sukses. Flasin akoma shqip, apo e kané harruar? Prind@rit flasin shqip 18 gjithé. Fémijat fiasin pak. Por kané hapur shkolla shqipe. there anyone some What do they do? ‘What kind of work Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 176 "ODTOPIC 14 Me ¢'puné merren? Takova (v.) Ishte Gjithnje Par Po té tierét Takuar (v.) Shumicé, ca Pakic’, ca Tregéti, a Sukses, i Akoma Shqip Gjuhe shaipe Harruar (v.) Prindarit Femijét Apo Por What kind of work do they do? Imet he, she was constantly for as for the others met majority (the) minority (the) business (the) success (the) still, yet Albanian Albanian language forgotten parents (the) children (the) or but, however Peace Corps Albania - Competenciss for PCVs Page 177TOPIC 14 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES * PO as a particle preceding another word, can be translated: What about? Ex: PO TE TJERET? (What about the others?) PRONUNCIATION NOTE . PRINDERIT Accent on the first |. Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Page 178 CaTOPIC 14 PCV: POV: V: PCV: VOCABULARY Indryshém Niéri, njéra Sjellé (v.) Ushgim, i tag, i Te shuméta To explain U.S. assistance to Albania In the classroom PCV -Albanian student Venera Ndihma amerikane pér Shaipériné éshté ndryshme. Korpusii Pagés ésnté njéra nga ato. Giaré ndihme tietér ka sjellé Amerika? Ushgime dhe ilage té shuméta. Kéto jané ndinme té pérkohshme. Po mé voné? Kam dégjuar g@ disa kompani amerikane duan t& investojné né Shqipéri. Kjo éshté njé inisiativé e miré sepse hapé puné. Ke té drejté! Kinezét kané njé proverb: “Mos mé dhuro peshk, m& maso si té peshkoi.” Giferent ‘one of them (m. f. sg.) brought food (the) medicine (the) abundant Peace Corps Albanis - Competencies for PCVs Page 179 toTOPIC 14 | pérkohshém temporary (m. sg.) Kompani, a company (the) investoj (v.) | invest Inisiativé, va initiative (the) Hapé pune (v.) creates (opens) jobs Kinez, i Chinese (the) Proverb, i proverb (the) Dhuro (v.) donate Peshk, u fish (the) Maso (v.) Teach Peshkoj (v.) fish si how GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES . NUE or NJERI NGA ATA (one of them, m. sg.) NJE or NJERA NGA ATO (one of them, f. sg.) DUA expresses desire. MUND expresses ability DUA + té inestoj = | want to invest MUND + t@ investoj = I can invest Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 180 196TOPIC 14 4. COMPETENCY: ‘SITUATION: PCV: PCV: PCV: VOCABULARY Koshient, e (m. f. sg) Shogaror, e (m. f. sg.) To discuss common interests: peace, youth, music, arts, and environment English club POV - tir (A) shté rinia amerikane koshiente pér problemet shogérore? Miaft koshiente. Sidomos kundér luftés dhe pér pagén. Pérveg punés dhe studimeve, ¢faré intereson rininé amerikane? Uné besoj se muzika ¢ re G6 filloi me Eis Prestin dhe me Bitels ka ngjallur interesim té madh né Ameriké, Po arti? Arti né Amerike éshté shumé ekspresiv. Ai tregon té bukurén dhe t8 mbrapshtén, nganjéheré né forma shumé té hapura. Dégjoimé shumé pér mbrojtjen e ambientit. Pol Tani, t& gjithé e kané kuptuar se jetoimé né njé planet, dhe se duhet t'a mbrojmé gé té mos féliget aq shumé sa té helmohet atmostera. Kétu rinia amerikane ka ecur pérpara. conscious social Peace Corps Albania - Competeacies for PCVs Page 181 2 eeTOPIC 14 Mijatt Sidomos Kundér Lutté, ta Pagé, ga Perveg Puné, na Studim, i Intereson (v.) Muzike, ke Ngjallur (v.) Arti E bukura (f. $9.) E mbrapshta (f. sg.) Nganjéheré Megjithate Anist, i Mbrojtie, ja Ambient, i Planet, i Moro} (v.) Félliget (v.) enough, sufficient especially against war (ihe) peace (the) except for, besides work (the) ‘study (the) it interests music (the) revived, generated art (the) beautiful (the) ugly (the) sometimes however, nevertheless artist (the) defense (the) environment (the) planet (the) I defend gets diny Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 182 18sTOPIC 14 Helmohet (v.) gets poisoned Aq shumé sa... so much as to Atmosieré, ra atmosphere (the) GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY NOTES + Prepositions in Albanian require a specific >.2un case. Ex: KUNDER (against) requires the Dative: RINIA KUNDER LUFTES (Youth against war) VARFERISE (Youth against proverty) and PER (for) requires the accusative: RINIA PER PAQEN (Youth for peace) MBROJTJEN AMBIENTIT (Youth for the defense of the environment) PROVERBS ME TREGO SHOKET Qé KE, TE TE THEM SE CILI JE ‘Aman is known by the company he keeps PUNE PUNE NATE E DITE, GE TE SHOHIM PAK DRITE Work, work day'and night, so that you can see some ight Peace Corps Albania - Competencies ‘or PCVs Page 183 's9APPENDIX | COMPETENCIES IN ENGLISH TOPIC 1. CLASSROOM ORIENTATION 1. To greet and respond to greetings T: Hello! (Good day!) Students. PCV: Hello! Teacher. T: How are you (pl)? PCV: Fine, thank you. And you (pl)? T: Fine, thank you. See you again! PCV: See you again! 2. To introduce oneself and to ask other to introduce themselves T: My name is li, What's your name? PCV: My name is Mark. T: What't your name? PCY: My name is Ardita, T: Very welll | am delighted (pleased). PCV: Thank you, Mr. Teacher. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 185 2u9To indicate lack of comprehension and to request repetition T: _ Isthis your notebook? PCV: Pardon me! | don’t understand you. Repeat it please! T: Is this your notebook? PCV: Yes! itis mine. Thank you! T: Welcome! To ask for clarifications and Albanian words equivalent to English PCV: Mr. Teacher! Please talk siowiy. T: Excuse me! | will speak slowly. PCV: Tell me, please, what is the Albanian word for “chair?” T: The Albanian word is *karrigé.” To respond to classroom commands T: Open your notebook on page five (5), Are you ready? PCV: Yes! ! am ready. T: Now, copy the sentences, please! PCV: All of them? T: No! Do not copy the last sentence. Have you finished? PCV: Not yet! One minute, please! Peace Corps Aibania - Competencies for PCVs Page 1866, Toexplain an absence T: Is Arcita here? PCV: No! lam sorry! She is delayed. T: What happened? POV: The bicycle broke down. TOPIC 2, CONVERSATION WITH HOST COUNTERPART OR FAMILY 1. To.ask and respond to personal questions AH: Mark, how old are you? POV: | am 25 years old. AH: You are young. Are you married? PCV: No! lama bachelor. It's still early. And you? AH: 1am 30 years old. An old man. PCV: No! You're still young. Married? AH: Yes! Ihave my wife and two children PCV: Two boys? Two girls? ‘AH: No! One boy and one girl PCV: May they live a long life. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 187 es xX)To describe own tamily ‘AH: Mark, do you have (any) brothers and sisters? PCV: Yes! | have one brothi is younger (smaller). he is older (bigger), and one sister: she AH: May they live long! Do you have (any) nephews and nieces? PCV: Yes! | have a nephew, but | don't have a niece. AH: Do you have any pictures of the family? PCV: Yes! These are my family members. To ask about hosticounterpart family PCV: Are you a large family? AH: Yes! I have five brothers and one sister. PCV: Are they all married? AH: Not all (of them). Some. PCV: Do you have nephews and nieces? ‘AH: Yes! I have seven nephews and one niece. PCV: Indeed, you are a large family. AH: Albanians usually have many children. Peace Corps Albania » Competencies for PCVs Page 188 weTo describe PCV's Role ‘AH: Did you come here to study? PCV: No! | came here as a Peace Corps Volunteer. AH: What's the "Peace Corps"? PCV: "Peace Comps” is an American organization which helps other countries. AH: What kind of help? "Peace Corps” sends volunt. ers in more than 60 countries of the world ‘AH: I'see! And you, what do you do? ‘teach English in a high school, Others teach various trades to young people. TOPIC 3. TO TELL TIME AND DATE 1 To find out the time and respond to questions about time PCV: Excuse me, sit! What time is it? P: itis seven thiny. PCV: Oh! My watch says it is seven forty. P; Your watch is ten minutes anead. PCV: | don't understand. This is a good watch. P: No doubt! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 189To identity the day and the date llir! What day is today? Today? Oh! Today is Monday. PCV: Are you sure? i Of course! Yesterday, it was Sunday. PCV: You're right. And, what's the date today? i Today is March 22. Spring day. To discuss schedules C: Tellme: at what time do you leave for Shkodér? PCV: | think about 11:00 o'elock. C: When do you expect to arrive there? PCV: The driver says about 2:00 o'ciock in the attemioon C: How many days (do you plan) to s‘ay in Shkodér? PCV: I think two cays. To identity daily routines Don't forget! We have a meeting today. PCV: What meeting? ©: General meeting to prepare for the holiday PCV: At what time is the meeting? Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 130C: After the English class. PCV: |am not free. | am busy. c: In the afternoon you have another English class. PCV: Yes! But | am tree after 3:00 o'clock. To discuss major holidays C: This Friday is November 28. It's Flag Day. PCV: Is this day formally celebreted? C: Yes! Schools are closed. PCV: What are the other holidays? C: They are the New Year and May 1st TOPIC 4, FOOD To describe food needs, preferences Lam hungry. And you, are you hungry? PCV: Yes! Where shall we eat tonight? |: At the restaurant near the river. PCV: Very well! | have a yearning for shishkebab, To order food in a restaurant W: — What would you like, sit? PCV: The menu, please. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 191 OeW: Are you ready to order? PCV: Yes! Bring me roasted chicken with rice, please! W: Lam sony! It has just all gone. But we have lamb with potatoes. Try it! PCV: Very welll Also a glass of mineral water. To ask for bill and discuss prices PCV: Waiter! The bill, please! W: — Yes. Right away. PCV: How much is the meat dish? W: Thirty leks. PCV: And the fruits? W: — Ten leks. Likewise the dessert was seven leke, PCV: Keep the change as a tio. W: — Thank you! Come back again! To ask identity of typical food itam of country F: Tomorrow, | am going to cook by myselt. PVC: What? F: lam going to prepare burek. POV: How is it made? Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 192 204F: 10-12 layers of dough. Between the layers, | put cheese and eggs, mixed up. PCV: And then? F: | bake it in the oven. Then | have also yogurt, cheese, and olives. PCV: Great! TOPIC 5. HOUSING 1 To state one’s housing needs Pcl Good morning! | am looking for an apanment. L: What kind of an apartment? Small or large? PCV: Not so large. Average, but I need two bedrooms. L: What section of town do you prefer? PCV: Possibly in the Labinoti Street, near the Pedagogical institute L: Here is the list of the available apartments for rent. To inquire about neighborhoodisafety PCV: How is the Labinoti Street? A: It's large and has a lot of traffic. PCV: Is there one bus or more that go through? A: | think two or three buses pass by regularly. PCV: Apartment complexes usually have problems. A: The district near the Institute has plenty ct private homes. Pesce Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 193 "63PCV: Ina word, itis a sate area. A To discuss the rental arrangements PCV: kh POV: A PCV: A No doubt about it like the apartment. What's the rent? How much are you willing to pay? it depends! How are the rents in this area? Depends on the apartment. The lowest rent is 1,000 lek per month. | would like to ask my office, and I'll call you. Very well! I'l wait for you until this evening. To make complaints and request repairs PCV: Pov: Sir! I have problems in my apartment. Really? What kind of problems? : The root is leaking, the window glass is broken, and the door doesn't close well. How is it possible? | just had the roof repaired. : Anyway, it has to be repaired again, Of course! (Today) this afternoon, | will send the carpenter to fix ‘the door. Thank you! You're welcom Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 192To identify and locate workmen PCV: Good morning, llir! Do you know any plumber? Yes! I know a plumber who lives here, nearby. What is your problem? PCV: The faucet in the bathroom leaks constantly. | also need an electrician. Yes! Ask for Mr. Atben. He does good work for me. He is not expensive. Here is his telephone number. PCV: That's a good idea! TOPIC 6. COMMUNICATION 1 To get one’s party on line PCV: Hello! | am looking for the number 28-360, please! V: Yes! This is the number. PCV: May | speak to Laura, please? V: dust a minute, please! PCV: Thank you! Hello! This is Laura speaking. Who is it? PCV: Helio, Laura! This is Mark speaking. L: Oh, Mark! I didn't recognize your voice. To make a phone call from the post office POV: | would like to call Shkodér, 0: — Goto Cabine 2. Do you have a tcken? Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 195PCV: No! Give me two tokens, please! ©: — Here ara two tokens. Itis five leks. To ask for operator for assistance PCV: Hello! Operator? | would like to talk to Shkodér, please! ©: — What's your number? PCV: My number is 2-8-3-6-0. ©; — What number do you want? PCV: | am looking for (| want) the number 3-6-0-2-8 area code 52. ©: Please hold! The line is busy. To leave a message and hang up politely PCV: Hello! | would lke to taik to llr, please! FR: I'msorry! lliris not here, now. PCV: In that case, may I leave a message for him? FR: Of course! PCV: Please, tell lr that we excect him to be in the office tomorrow at 10:00 AM. F: Ok! I'lltell him as soon as he comes back. To find out the business hours of the Post Office PCV: Hello! Is this the Post Office? C: Yes! What can I do for you? Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCY: Page 196 <11PVC: What are the working hours of the Post Office? C: From 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM PCV: Another question. What about after 5:00 PM? C: You (will have to) go to the Central Office, 6. To buy stamps, send telegrams, and mail parcels PCV: I need two postage stamps, please! C: Domestic or for abroad? PCV: Domestic. How much is it? C: Five leks. Would you like anything else? PVC: Yes! | would like to send a parcel to America. C: — Fillin the customs form. Here itis. PCV: Where can one bring the parcel? C: — Atthe window 4. You will have to weigh it first. Food is not allowed. TOPIC 7. TRANSPORTATION 1. To locate means of transporzation PCV: Excuse me! Where is the bus station? P: _ Itis quite far from here. PCV: And the taxi station? P: Here itis, right there. Vary close Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs - Page 197PCV: Here is a taxi coming. P: Very well, Hall it! To ask for destination and distance PCV: Taxi! Taxi! D: Where are you going, sir? PVC: The American Embassy in Tirana, D: — As you wish! I'l take you there. PCV: Do | have to get off here? D: Yes! Sir! PCV: How much does it cost? D: itis 48 leks. PCV: Here it is, you have here 50 leks. Keep the change as a tip. D: Thank you! To purchase tickets PCV: One ticket for Shkodér, please! ©: One way or round trip? PCV: Round trip, pisase! How much is it? C: It costs 90 leks, and is vali¢ for thirty days. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 198 213PCV: At what time dogs the bus leave? c: Exactly at 8:00 o'clock in the morning and again at 1:00 o'clock in the afternoon. To ask questions and respond to bus driver's instructions C: The ticket, please. Where are you going? PCV: To Shkodér. Ate any seats free? C: — Go to the back seats of the wagon (car). PCV: Where can | put my suitcase? ©: Keepit next to you. Be seated now! TOPIC 8. DIRECTIONS 1 To ask for and give .c-ation of major building PCV: Excuse me! Do you know where the Ministry of Education is? P: Nol I think itis near the Ministry of Cukure. POV: How can | go there? P: On foot. Straight ahead. It is not far, opposite the Skénderbeu Square. PCV: Thank you! P: You are welcome! To ask for and give direction to a place PCV: Excuse me! Can you tell me where is the General Hospital? P: Yes! Go straight toward south up to the Elbasani Street Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 199PCV: And then: P: Tum to your lett and walk one kilometer. PCV: Where is the hospital? P: The hospital is on your right PCV: What kind of a building? P: it's a huge building made of red bricks, and holds the flag of the Red Cross. PCV: Thank you! P: You are welcome! TOPIC 9. SHOPPING 1. To describe needs/ask for availability PCV: | must go to the marketplace. AH: What for? What would you like to buy? PCV: Because, | need a pair of shoes. AH: Inthe marketplace there are no shoes. Only in stores you will find shoes. PCV: | also need some soap, 2 toothdrush, toothpaste, etc. ‘AH: Those (items), yes! You will find them in the market. Peace Corps Albena - Competencies for PCVs Page 200 oTo discuss quality of items PCV: This cantaloupe looks good. Is it ripe? V: Ofcourse! Look! t's yellow. PCV: I don't think so! It seems a little hard to me. V: This one over here seems to be better. It's very sott. It's not fresh. To compare clothing and shoe sizes D: What would you like, sit? PCV: A pair of black shoes, size 10 1/2. D: Sorry, sir! Over here we say number 42. PCV: Very well! May I try them? D: Ofcourse! (naturally). is this your size? PCV: No! It's too small, Number 43, please! To bargain, to buy, or to refuse items PCV: Good day, sir! M: Good day! What would you like? PCV: A pack of candies. M: — Asyou wish. Ten leks for the pack. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs i6 Page 201PCV: Very expensive. A pack of candies costs eight leks. M: In that case, take it for nine leks. PCV: No! | am sory! | don't pay more. M: Then look at some other store. To pay for items and indicate amount/charge is correct or incorrect. PCV: How much is the shirt? M: Fifty-five leks. PCV: Here you are, sixty leks. M: — Here is the change. PCV: Pardon me, but here are four leks. You must give back five leks to me. M: You are rignt! Sorry! Here is one more lek. TOPIC 10. SOCIAL LIFE 1 To greet and engage in small talk G: Good morning! Come inside, please. PCV: Good morning! How are you today? G: Fine, thank you! Sit down a little while. PCV: No, leant. It's too not, isn't? G: Very hot. Would you like to go for a walk? POV: Yes! Get dressed quickly. Let's go toward ‘he park. Peace Corps Albania - Compsicncies for PCVs Page 202a a a 1 4 i 4 1 1 I i 1 i i i i i i i G:__Itappears that is going to rain. PCV: Amen! The weather will cool off a little bit. To order and accept food and drinks. G ‘Shall we stop at this coffeehouse? PCV: As you wish. Let's sit outside. G: What would you like to drink? PCV: Something cold. An iced lemonade. G For myself, | will take a beer. Would you like anything to eat? PCV: Not now. Lunchtime is approaching To invite and respond to invitations. I: How about going to the Theatre of Opera and Ballet? PCV: You think that we still can find seats? t's late. Let's try. There is a periormance of the Albanian opera. PCV: Really? There must be plenty of Albanian dances, songs. and music. | Yes! Especially the costumes are quite beautiful PCV: 1am quite curious to see it. How much is the ticket? It's not too much. 25 leks. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 203, 0To give and respond to compliments. L: Hello, Mr. Mark! Do you speak Albanian? PCV: Hello! Yes, | do speak a little. L: Onthe contrary! It seems to me that you speak well. Where cid you leam it? PCV: Partly with a book, partly speaking to my Albanian friends. L: Very well. You have advanced quite well PCV: Thank you forthe compliment. We will talk again. To describe one's feelings and express gratitude i I'm thirsty. Let's take an icecream. PCV: I'm sorry! Its late, and tm very tired. I: Ate you going to bed early, ionight? PCV: I think so. I need some rest. Anyway, thanks for the invitation. You're welcome! We will see each ether tomorrow. Good night! POV: Gocd night! To ing'ire about specific local customs i: Temorrow is "November First,” All Szints Day POV: Is that So? How is it celebrated here? I: Usually the Grand Mass is said in the Church; then the crowd goes to the cemetary. PCV: They visit the graves of their relatives, comrades, and friends. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 205I Yes! There, they place flowers, li candles, and say religious prayers. PCV: It's @ very good custom to remember the dead. To give and accept gifs. PCV: Good evening, Iris! Good evening and welcome! Come in, please! PCV: Thank you! | have something for you. ‘Oh, please! It was not necessary. Why do you spend money? PCV: Something small, as a souvenir. No big expense. ‘And | will keep it as a souvenir. Thank you. PCV: You're welcome! To indicate to the unexpected visitor that one is busy. Good morning, Mark! PCV: Good morming! What can | ao for you? V: Iwill be going to the movies. Will you come with me” PCV: Excuse me, but lam very busy. V: Why? What do you have to do? PCV: 1am very busy with office chores. V: Oh! Leave them for tomorrow. : No! Today's work is not lett for tomorrow. Corps Albania - Competenciss for PCVs Page 205 aru)TOPIC 11. COMMUNITY SERVICES 1 To open a bank account PCV: | would like to open a checking account in dollars. Do you have a permanent address in this country? PCV: Yes! Do | have to deposit any minimum? Yes! Approximately 100 dollars. PCV: What about a savings bank? I Yes! But there you don't need any minimum, To repon the loss of an item or an accident to police PCV: Excuse me, officer! | lost my wallet and my money. P: Do you have any idea where it could have been lost? PCV: Ihave no idea. Probably on my way trom school to the library. P: What was inside? Whom did you meet? PCV: Nobody! Inside | had my ID card. some pictures and a little money P: Please, make a statement and sign it. We will investigate and will ntity you. Pease Corps Albania - Competencies for FCVs Page 206TOPIC 12. AT THE WORK PLACE i: To ask for location of items in Euilding PCV: Is this my classroom? Yes! The next room is the library. PCV: Where is the Principal's Office? 1: Onthe second floor. You are here on the first floor. PCV: Where should | address myself for chalk and paper? |: Atthe secretary's office. it's opposite the Principals. PCV: We haven't had paper and chalk for several months. To ask questions about job related functions P: Welcome to our school! PCV: Thank you. | am happy to be here. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 207P: You will be teaching classes with high school students. PCV: Are they all beginners in English? P: Almost! Some have studied it before. PCV: Then it will be necessary to give an exam, so that we can see at what level they are. Ps It's a good idea! To .epon problemsiprogress encountered in completing task P: — Howis the English course going? PCV: Welll It could be better. P: Why? Do you have any problems? PCV: Some students come to class unprepared. P: Students are the same everywhere, aren't they? PCV: You are right! To give classroom command PCV: Good morning! Open your books to page 50, please! AS: I don't have a book. PCV: Share with Ardita. Now, practice the dialogue with the student ext to you. Any questions? AS: Mr, Mark! What does it mean “diet” PCV: It means to watch out from the food that makes you fat. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 208To converse socially with coworkers Pov: Pov: Pov: How was your day today? Good! | spoke teo much in class. That's the nature of our profession. | find no time to read for myself or to go out a litte. . Neither do |. | am constantly busy Now, the New Year's recess is coming What to do first? There are so many things to do. To ask to be excused from work Pov: P: Pov: PCV: Pov: Hello! May | speak to the Principal, please? Hello, Mark! This is the principal. How are you? |1am not feeling well, | have a cols, lam sorry (to hear it)! Do you need rest? Yes! That's why | couldn't come to school yesterday. lunderstand. Don't worry about. Listen! Take care of your health Icalled yesterday, but the line was busy. Unfortunately, we have only one phone in school. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 209 eATo make appointment with receptionist or secretary in person PCV: My name is Mark. | am a Peace Corps Volunteer. | would like to talk to the Principal. Why would you like to see him? PCV: | would like to discuss the final report. FR: The Principal is available at 3:00 PM. Are you tree? PCV: Very well. At 3:00 | am free, too. To confirm, change, or cancel appointments PCV: | have an appointment with the Principal at 3:00 o'clock. ‘One minute, please! You are Mr. Mark? PCV: Yes! Ihave a problem. | am not free et 3:00 o'clock. Can | change the appointment for tomorrow to 3:30? RF: One minute, please! Let me see his schedule. Sorry! He has another appointment, What about at four o'clock? PCV: Very welll I'll come at 4:00 o'clock. See you again R See you again. To respond to questions on working conditions and remuneration AP: Do you like your job in schoo!” PCV: Very much so! | get tired, but | derive greist satistaction Peace Corps Albasia - Competencies for PCVs Page 210 0 i‘AP: Of course! They must pay very well. PCV: I dont get a salary. Just a small allowance. AP: How small? PCV: Oh! It's sufficient to cover our daily needs. AP: You're really devoted people. PCY: It's @ good opportunity for me to live in an interesting country. TOPIC 13. MEDICAL 1. To inquire about medical care PCV: Tell me! How are the health services organized here? I: It's general and is tree of charge. PCV: Ina word, you just go to the doctor in a clinic. Yes! Nevertheless, you must have @ working relationship with the Goverment. PCV: What about hospital services, medicine, etc? I: Atthe hospital one goes upon doctor's recommendation. Medicine too is tree of charge. POV: Are there any private physicians? | Yes! At their office one must pay. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 211 396To describe symptoms of illness and respond to questions Ph: Tell me, what's wrong? PCV: | have a headache. Ph: Do you have temperature? Let me see a little! PCV: Also, | am coughing a ot. Ph: How is you appetite? Do you fell like eating? PCV: No! Only to drink Ph: ft appears that you have a flu. | am giving you a prescription. Rest in bed, PCV: Thank you, doctor. To purchase medicine and to understand their use Ph: What can Ido for you? PCV: | have a doctor's prescription for medicine. Ph: Yes! E-mycin and some aspirin. Two E-mycin a day. PCV: Thank you! How much is it? Ph: Social Secuntty pays tor it. Don't forget to get a lot of liquids. PCV: | like them cold. Ph: No. Hot liquids. Tea, milk, and if you want yogun, also. PCV: I see. Thank you, Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 212To describe one's emotional state PCV: | feel really bad. My entire body is aching, i: This shall pass too. PCV: Ihave no taste to eat anything. But you must ee* something PCV: Even talking | find it painful. I: Now, 1am leaving you alone. PCV: No, no! (Don' go) because | get bored. To act in an emergency situation PCV: Hello! The police, please! P: Hello! This is the police station. What c.1 we do for you? PCV: On Durrés Street, near the hospital, there is an accident. P: — Car accident? Is it serious? PCV: Yes! A car hit e man who is now laying down and bleeding. P: The ambulance will come night away. Did you get the plate number? PCV: No! It was a blue Peugeot. P: Thank you! Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 213TOPIC 14, 1 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES To describe the Albanian community in the U.S. and its achievements & PCV: Pov: POV: We have heard about the Albanian community in America. Of course! There are many Albanians in America. Where are they mostly concentrated? At the beginning, Boston was well know as a center for Albanians. Now, we have also New York, Detroit, and Chicago, etc, ‘Why is Boston known better than other cities? Because it was the center of the Albanian Orthodox Church and of VATRA. Yes, we have heard about the Church, about VATRA, Noli and Konitza. ‘There are other Albanians who have achieved success in America. To report cn personal contact with Albanian friends in the U.S. AH: PCV AH: PCV: AH: POV: (Over there in America, have you met any Albanians? ‘Yes! In New York, | have met some Albanians. ‘What do they do? What kind of jobs do they hold? ‘The one that | met was a professor. They all speak constantly about Albania. Have you met others? Yes! Most of them are in business and have been quite successful Peace Comps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 214AH: PCV: Do they still speak Albanian? All parents speak Albanian, their children speak a littie. However, they have opened schoois to teach Albanian. To explain U.S. assistance to Albania PCV: POV: ‘American assistance to Albania has different forms. Peace Corps is one of them, What kind of other assistance has America brought in? Food and plenty of mecicine. Allthese are temporary assistance. What about later? | have learned that there are American companies interested in investing in Albania. This is a good initiative because it creates jobs. You are right! The Chinese have a proverb which says: "Don't give me a fish; teach me how to fish!" To discuss common interssts: Peace, youth, music, arts. and environment. bk PCV: k Pov: Is American youth conscious of social problems? Quite conscious. Especially, against war and for oeace Besides work ang stuay, what interests most American youth? | believe that the new music wave which started with Elvis Presley and the Beatles has generated great interest in Amenca. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 215 eanPCV: PCV: And an? [Artin America is very expressive. it shows the beautiful and the ugly, sometimas in very expiict forms. We haar a lot about the protection of the environment. Yes! Now, everyone has understood the fact that we all five in one planet, and that we must protect it so that it doesn't get polluted to ‘the point of poisoning the atmosphere. Here American youth has advanced. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 216 coat=o owe oe oe oe es a i APPENDIX II AN OUTLINE OF ALBANIAN GRAMMAR: ‘Two Dialects Presently, spoken Albanian has two main dialects, and several subdialects. In Northern Albania and in most of Kosova (Albanians in Yugoslavia) GEG, or GEGNISHTE, is used (a2out 70 percent of the population} TOSK, or TOSKERISHTE, is used in Southern Albania, part of W. Maceconiz and in Chameria (Albanians in Greece) as well as in South aly (about 30 percent). However, in our days, the written language has been formed, baseo mainly on the Tosk dialect, and is officially considered to be “the unified national literary language” (Gjuha Kombétare letrare e njésuar). This “official status was imposed by the communist leaders with harmful consequences to the natural development process of the language. : ‘The essential differences between the two dialects have been described as being limited mainly to the following four elements: 1. The presence of the nasal in GEG, and its absence in Tosk. Ex; 28 (Geg) 28 (Tosk) = voice 2. Then between vowel sounds in GEG is transtormed into rin TOSK (rhotacism) Ex: zani (Geg) z8ri (Tosk) = the voice vena (Geg) vera (Tosk) = the wine 3. The diphthong ue (GEG) corresponds to ya (TOSK) Ex: grue (Geg) grua (Tosk) = woman 4, The initial ve (GEG), corresponds to va (TOSK) Ex: voj (Geg) vaj (Tosk) = oil ‘Other morphological differences are gradually diminishing in the literary language, and common forms afe progressively comming into use in both dialects.” (M. Camaj) Peace Corps Albama - Competencies for PCVs Page 217ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR The Accent Stress in Albanian falls on the next to last syllable. Ex: shgiptari, studénti, Ardita (definite form of nouns) Usually the accent is not used in writing, although sometimes itis relevant, Ex: xhdmi (the glass) xhami (mosque) bau (the grass) bari (shepherd) The Article (a, an, the) ‘There are two kinds: 1, Anterior (or prepositive): indefinite NUE Ex: njé mal (a mountain) 2. Posterior (or postpositve): definite !, U, A, TE Ex: mali (the mountain) krah-u (the arm) vajzé-za (the girl) mish-té (the meat) The article is also used: 1, To form the genitive case Ex: Libri i ojalt (the book of the boy) To form many adjectives Ex: i kug, @ kuge (red) 3. To form some pronouns x: i tj (his), € saj (hers), i cil (wno, which) 4, To form ordinal numbers Ex: i pari (the first) e dyta (the second, fem.) 5. To form some nouns Ex: e bukura (the beautiful), 1é ngrendt (the eating), etc. Peace Corps Albsaia - Competencies for PVs Page 218 odThe Noun Contemporary Albanian has two genders: masculine and feminine (the neuter has almost disappeared), ‘The noun has two forms: definite and indefinite; it may be singular or plural. The Gender ‘There is no marker for gendcr in the indefinite form of the noun as there is in the definite. This form has a postpositive article, which serves 10 Gefine the noun (as the English “the").. Ex: Indefin fii vend (a place) vendl (the place) mik (a friend) mmiky (the friend) 209 (a bird) zogu (the bird) rah (a wing, an arm) ran (the wing, the arm) dhé (an earth) dhew(the earn) (Note: Nouns with a singular definite ending in Land y are masculine) doré ( a hand) dora (the hand) lule (a flower) lulia (the flower) (Note: Nouns with a singular definite ending in a are feminine) The Plural of Nouns The indefinite plural ending in g 1s most common for born masculine and feminine nouns. For the aefinite form, a si. is added, Ex: Indes. Definite p! nje spec (a pepper) m. —_speca (peppers) specat (the pepoers) je cuiner (a winter) m. —_Gimra (winters) ‘imrat (the winters) je vayzé (a gir) f vajza (girls) vajaat (the gis) Declensions Albanian has an indefinite as well as a definite declension, The Gefiniteness is expressed through the articles. The noun has a pre and a postpositive article. One example to illustrate the system: Peace Corps Albania - Compeiencits for PCV Page 219ms ts. mo Lok mali (the mountain) —motr-a matet motrat (the sister) ii mabit (of the m.) e@ motes té makevet 18 motravet ‘mart (to the m.) motr-as mal-evet motravet ace.mal-in (the mountain) mot-en —-mal-et motrat Albanian has a system of syntagms from nouns two or three elements. They are connected by momhemes, |, E, TE, SE. To illustrate: Njé student i Institut (A student of the Institute) NJé studente e Institutit (A girl-student of the Institute) Siventit t8 Institutit (To the boy-student of the Institute) Studentes sé institutt (To the girlstudent of the Institute) The Adjective The adjective is divided into two classes: with or without an anicle. Ex: intoligjont-e (intelligent, m and f. sing.) i.e, te thate (dry, m and. sing) Adjectives without an article are not declined. Ex: shkolla fillore, shkollat fillore (elementary school, s) i shkallis filore (of ine elementary scncal) Agyectives with an anicle mark the gender by pretixing the singular anicies: 1m) e (!) and té (indet. pl) Ex: ime good, m. 59 e mire good. 1. sg 18 mire ‘good, mf. pl. te mira good, f. pl. Unlike English, Aloanian adjectives follow the noun. Ex: néna e dashur = the motner dear. Peace Corps Alvania « Competencies fo: PCVs Page 220Comparative and Suneriative Forms: ‘The comparative is construed by means of a particle: me (more) mé pak (less) a. ..sa (28... 28) Ex: m@inteligjent - more intelligent mé pak inteligjent - less intelligent aq inteligient sa - as intelligent as “Than” is translated with “se” or “nga.” The superlative maybe absolute or relative. Ex: li @sht8 studenti mé inteligient né klasé (iri is the most intelligent student in class), lin éshté shumé inteligjent. (Viti is very inteliigert.). Numbers They are cardinal and ordinal. Cardinal numbers do not change, except for 3 (tre, masc.; tri, fem.) 0 zero 1 nie "1 njémbédhjeté 2 9 12 dymbédhjeté 3 tre (tn) 20 njazet 4 katér 24 njazet e njé 5 pesé 20 tridhjeté 6 gjasmé = 40 kateranyeté 7 state 100 njéqind eB tete 1000 nj mij 8 mente 1,000,000 —njé milion 10 ahjeté 2,000,000 dy milioné, etc Peace Corps Albania» Competencies for PCV PageThe ordinal numbers are derived trom the cardinals by adding a T (except when ending in aT) and the articies | (masc.), A (fem.) at the end. They are treated as adjectives and receive the adjectival articles. (Exception: number 1) Ex: 1njé - — ipari, e para (the first, masc. and fem.) 2dy - i dyti, e dyta (the second, masc. and fem., Btre - __ itreti, e treta (the third, etc.) Steté- _ tati, e teta (the eighth, etc.) Cardinal numbers precede the noun; ordinals follow it. Tre studenté (three students) ‘Studentii treté (the third student) Adverbs ‘Adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions are invariable. Adverbs are usually placed after the verbs. Ex: llr erdhi sot. (Iliri came today.) liri flet gjermanisht. (li speaks German) Adverbs deriving from the adjective with an afticle, keep the form of the masculine adjective cropping the article. Ex: imiré (good) miré (well) i keg (bad) keq (badly) Adverbs dariving from adjectives without an article, or from nouns, keep the form of the masculine, most of them adding the suffix :isht_ (as -Iy in Englisn). Ex: politik-e (political) politikisht (politically) ekonomik-e (economical) ekonomikisht (economically) Adverbs of place and time do not follow these rules. Ex: _ kétu (here); atje (there); ku (where), etc. ‘The comparative and superlative forms for the adverbs are similar to those for adjectives. Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page “22 Ld?‘The Preposition Prepositions are divided according to the noun case. To Illustrate: - nominative: te (at, to}; nga (trom) Ex: _ te shtépia (at the house), nga shtépia (from the house} - genitive: none = dative: mostly denoting places - prané (near); para (in tront of); prapa shtépisé (behind the house), etc. = accusative: né sht8pi (in the house); pér (for); me (with), etc. + ablative: prej sht8pisé (trom the house) The Pronoun Some pronouns are invariable. Ex: U (myself, yourself, etc.); U lava (I washed myseff) QE (which, that). Ex: Libri gé lexoj (the book that | read) VETE (sell). E béra vete (| did it myself) ‘The variables are divided in the following manner: a) personal: Uné, ti. ai, ajo, ne, ju, ata, ato (l.you, he, she, we, you, they, m. they, f.) b) reflexive: veté (self); u (myself, etc.) c) demonstrative: ky, kjo- kéta, Kéto (this, these, masc. tem) ai, ajo- ata, ato (that one, those ones) d) possessive: im, yt, i tj i saj, joné, juaj,i, @ tyre @) interrogative: kush? (who?); oka (what?); cii-cila? (which one?) 4) indefinite: dikush (someone); askush (none); cdonjéri (each one) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 223, Ces‘Table of Object Pronouns Direct Indirect ME (me, to me) TE (you, to you) E (him, her) I {to him, to her) NA (us, to us) JU (you, to you) | (them) U (to them) (Note: Albanian pronouns have a separate declension system) The Verb Verbs are regular and irregular, and have the following verbal categories: 1) Voices: active, and medio-passive (including reflexive and impersonal) 2) Moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, imperative, participial, gerund, infinitive, optative, admirative (see app 4) 3) Tenses: 3 simple (present, imperfect, past definite), and 5 compounded The compound tenses are formed with the auxiliaries KAM (I have) and JAM (I am). In their conjugation, Albanian verbs indicate person (1, 2, 3), gender (mase. and fem,), and number (sing. and plural) To facilitate the conjugation, the forms of the present, past definite, and patticiple should be known (as in English). Using the stem of the present indicative as a point of departure, the Albanian verbs fall into two large classes: 1. Verbs with a vowel stem, Ex: PUNO-J (I work) stress on © 2. Verbs with a consonant stem. Ex: HAP (I open) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 225 39Sample of the conjugation of a regular verb Present Imperfect Pastdafinite Future = Consiitionat Punoj Punoja —-Punova Do t8 punoj Do t8 punoja Punon Punoje Punove Doté punosh —Do t8 punoje Punon Punonte — Punci Dot8 punojé_ Do té punonte Punojm’ Punonim Punuamé Do té punojmé Do t8 punonim Punoni Punonit -Punuaté = Do té punoni_ Do té punonit Punojné — Punorin Punuané Do t& punojné. Do 18 punonin (Iwork lusedto I worked I will work | would work) In the passive voice, verbs are divided into: (1) those that do not modify the present stem of the active and (2) those that do modify the present stem of the active form. Ex: kritiko-j (/ criticize); (Pass) kritiko-h-em ( | am criticized) vesh (i dress), (passive) vishem (| am dressed) e/i The differences between the passive voice and the reflexive are usually apparent in the use of the verb, Ex: Vajza e vogal lahet prej s’émés. (passive) The little girl is washed by her motner. \Vajza e vogél lahet (vet8). (reflexive) The litle gitl washes herself. ‘Sample of the indicative present of the passive voice: La-hem (lam washed) —_La-hemi (we are washed) Laepesh La-heni La-net La-hen Impersonal Verbs Impersonal verbs appear always in the the 3rd person: Ex: Bie shi (it rains) Frynd er8 (it's windy) Veton (it's lightening) Bn té frohat (it's cold) Bén vapé (it's hot) Me dhémb (it hurts) Mé péigen (I like it) Mé duket (it appears to me) (It please me) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 228 40Verb Formation Many new verbs in Albanian are formed trom a primary root: Ex: pérpara (in front of) pérparoj (I advance) miek (physician) ‘mjekoj (I cure) rekiamé (advertising) rekiamoj (1 advertise), etc Synta: 1. The sentence structure. ‘The pattem of the Albanian sentence, as in English is: subject + predicate + complements Ex: ll studjon gjuhén shgipe. (Ili studies Albanian.) sv compl Interrogative sentence: Studjon liri gjuhén shqipe? v8 compl Imperative sentence: Stugjoni shaipen! (Study Albanian!) v compl. ang Le t& studjojé shgipen! (Let him study Albanian!) Le té béhet dnté! (Let there be light!) List of Albanian Language Declension Cases Sing indefinite Definite Plur indet-Definite Nominative njé vend vendi vende - vendet (Who? What?) a place the place places - the places, etc. Genitive i.¢, nj8vendi i, evendit_ fi vendeve-vendevet, (Whose? of a place of the place Of what?) Dative nj8 vena vendit Wendeve-vendevet (To whom? (to) aplase (to) the place To what?) Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PCVs Page 226ooo oe oo oe oe ss is hk Accusative njé vend vendin (Whom? (in) a piace (in) the place what?) Ablative (prej) njé vandi (pre) vendit (From (from) a place (trom) the piace whomiwhat?) List of Albanian Language Verbal Moods Wende-vendet Wwendeve-vendevet 1. Indicati PUNOM ( work) 2, Subjunctive TE PUNO (that | work) 3. Conditional: DO TE PUNOJA (I would work) 4, Imperative: PUNO! PUNONI! (Work, sing. and plural) 5. Participle: PUNUAR (worked) 6 Gerund: DUKE PUNUAR (working) 7. Infinitive: PER TE PUNUAR (to work) 8 Optative: PUNOFSHA (so that | may work) expresses wish/curse 8, Admirative PUNUAKAM! (I am working!) expresses surprise. : Peace Corps Alban = Competencies for PCV Page 227APPENDIX Ill DAYS, MONTHS AND SEASONS OF THE YEAR The Calandar Days of the week EHENE Monday € MARTE Tuesday MERKURE Wednesday EENJTE ‘Thursday EPREMTE Friday E SHTUNE & OJELE Saturday Sunday Months of the year JANAR January SHKURT February MARS: March PRILL April MAJ Mey QERSHOR June KORRIK July GUSHT August SHTATOR September TETOR October NENTOR November DHJETOR Decemoer PCVs Peace Corps Albania Competencies a3yr et a ee et) Seasons of the year PRANVERE Spring VERE Summary VJESHTE Fall DIMER Winter Peace Corps Albania - Competencies for PC’ PageAPPENDIX IV GLOSSARY NOTE: The following glossary includes words used ‘n this text. Nouns are given in singular indefinite form, and the aricle-suffixes added for the definite ‘and gender identification. Adjectives are given with the articles | and E for the “ame reason. Pronouns are given unchanged to avoid contusion. Verbs are given in their present and past definite tenses and participial mood. Some common imperatives are lett. Passive voice and impersonals are indicated. as are expressions, Reference numbers indicate topic and competency numbers within that topic. a aka. a ka mundési? afer aférsisht atronet (v.) passive of aftoj, afrova, afruar atronut (v.) akoma aksident, | akull, i akullore, 1a ambasadé, da ambient, i amerikan, € Anglisht aoel. i apo jo apo interrogative particle 120 Is there. ..? 128 1s it possible? 123 near, next to an approximately an is approaching 1072 | approach, approached, epproched 102 come closer m still, yet 18 accident 138 ice, the 102 icecream, the 108 embassy, the 72 environment, the v4 american 2 English ae row call, the "s doesn't it ton or, either 66 Peace Corps Albania + Competencies for PCVs Page 2ardhie, ja archur, (v.) vi Ardita j, erdha ari, (v.) arrijta, arnijtur arsye, ja ashtu gotté! asnié asnjéri atje aty avancuar, i, € pakshish, i banoj, (v.) banova, banuar bark, u babé, Daj besoj, (v.) Desova, besuar éj, (v.) Dera. bere én vapé! (expr) beni shénj! (exor) biblioteké, ka bigikleté, 1a bie shit (expr) bileté, a Die), (v.) bieva, bleré dot, a coming, arrival, the Come, | come, came Ardita (gir's name) | arrive, arrived, arrived reason, the amen! none none, nobody over there there advanced tip, the Live, lived, lived belly, the father, the | think, thoug! | do (make). did, done it's hot! wave, hail! liprary, the bicycle, the it rains! ticket, the I puy, bought, Dougint worid, the Pease Corps Albania 1% 2 33. ver ron a2 ne 39. ™ 122 “a 3s 132 22 33 v6 son 7” wen ton 70 on au Competencies for PCV Page 231brénda brum buké, ka bukur, i, @ burek, u bur, tri burréri, a centrali telefonik cila? (fem.) cilén? (accus.) gajyi gati.a bene? gpani? goare G'do te tote? (exor.) geste? Gage. ja gka ngjare gore grim, i pune gurdhéron inside dough, the bread, the beautiful Albanian pie, the adut man, the adulthood, the (also: chivairy) 2n telephone central, the which? or whicn one? which tea, the roof, the what do they do’ what do you do? what date what does it mean? what 15 1? performance, the what kind wat? what happened wnat time orice, the what kind of work what would you hike Pea: Compe Atearis - a2 ze 2 ea ences far POYi i i - i a ' 5 1 i i t i 5 i I i i a al (v.) dola, dalur darké, ka dedikoj (v). dedikova, dedikuar Gemokracia shqiptare dere, ra den tek oeri dégio! dégionit d0g)9; (v.) degjove, deguar dirgoj (v.) dergova, derguar cigKa ch (v.) dita, ditur ora orskutoj {¥.) disnutove. diskutua’ ajaiosn. jah oe djom.t do 98? diy 64.) (oreatiacion 1 go out, went out, gone out 125 dinner, ine 102 I devote, devoted, cevoted 1 the Albanian democracy 2a door, the oa upto ue until, up 10 so listent (sing.) 126 listen! (pl) 1 Ingar, neard, heard 1 I send, sent, sent 06 something wot know, know. known some 1 Horses, disci, dct ‘bay. the ‘ boy. tne 2 boynaos, the et voy, teenager. te e chuuse. Ine ae yesterday ny boys. tne be would you like anytnina? “ want inspranses dann, Peace Cope Alnania » Coxdo té thote (expr,) doré, ra dorbzoj (v.) dorézova, dorézuar drejté, i, arejtor. i ar¢jt0j (v.) drejtova, drejtuar oreke, ka aritore, ja orrasé, sa dua oy dyaan, 1 oyshim, | a Bt dhamoye. ja ename, nia, enurg} (vr ec (v1 e¢a, ecur egne aia kotu! elekingist. + it means (to say) hand, the I hand in, handed in, handed in righteous pnneipal, the laddress, adoressed, aduressed lunch, the window, the board, tne I want, | would fike two store, tne doupt, the tooth, tne pain ache, the toom, he I donate, donatec, donated ano I walk, walked, walked aiso, anc come over here! (sing.} electrician, the Peace Come Alnania ~ Compe: 13 ™emer, r etje, ja embélsiré, ra eshte falemnderit! familje, ja tage, qa femijé, ja temijéri, 2 festé. ta festonet (v.) passive festoj, festova, festuar fetar, ¢ fliaet (v.) passive félig, fétioa, fétiour fillestar, i fim, « filo} (v.). flava, filuar fiero) (v.}. firmova, trmuar fale la = flamur, + flas (v.), fola, tolur fete. ta names, the thirst, the Gessert, the thank you! tamil the page, the child, children, the childhood, the holiday, the is colebrated be rate, celebrated, celebrated religious gets diny I diny, dintied, ditied beginner, ine beginning, the | sian, stanec, stared U sign, signed, signed word, the sleeping, the flag, the | speak, spoke, spoken leat, the Peace Corps Albania « Competen: or 1015 4a ua w 2a 1s a a5 a8 106 122