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White Paper
DCC Solutions
for
SONET/SDH Systems
Version 1.0
October 2003
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COPYRIGHT
This material is the property of OpenCon Systems, Inc. Unauthorized distribution is prohibited
Copyright 2003
OpenCon Systems, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
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Table of Contents
1.
OVERVIEW
2.
3.
4.
12
5.
14
5.1
14
4.1.
15
5.2
IP Tunneling
17
6.
19
7.
REFERENCES
20
8.
ABBREVIATIONS
21
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1. Overview
Each SONET/SDH frame includes two Data Communication Channels (DCC) called Section DCC and
Line DCC for transporting management messages between NEs and between NEs and Management
systems. These in-band data communication channels enable service providers Operation Support
Systems (OSS) to manage SONET/SDH Network Elements (NE) without the need for an expensive outof-band data communication network.
SONET/SDH is the most widely used transport technology in carriers network today and deployment of
SONET/SDH based network equipment continues to grow as carriers extend the reach of fiber from
central offices to business locations. As the size of SONET/SDH networks grow and as carriers start
deploying systems from different vendors, managing these networks have become increasingly difficult
and complicated. To reduce the cost and complexity of managing these networks, carriers rely on
embedded Data Communication Channels (DCC) within a SONET/SDH frame and expect vendors to
provide equipments that are interoperable with the SONET equipments that are already deployed in their
networks. To ensure interoperability with the equipment deployed in the network, SONET/SDH vendors
have to support DCC standards such as Telcordias GR-253 and ITU G.7712.
Telcordias GR-253-CORE standard defines the interfaces and the communication protocols required for
transporting information over DCC. The following is a summary of Telcordia requirements pertaining to
DCC:
Communication interfaces::
(a) Data Communication Channel, X.25 interface
(b) Local Communication Network (LCN)
With the explosive growth of packet-based traffic in the service providers network, the SONET/SDH
equipment vendors have started to incorporate packet network interfaces such as Ethernet into their
equipment to transport packet-based traffic over SONET/SDH network. Unlike circuit switched traffic,
packet switched traffic is bursty in nature and requires IP based signaling protocols to dynamically set up
and tear down payload paths between the NEs in the network. SONET/SDH network elements that
support packet interfaces are generally managed by IP based protocols such as SNMP and HTTP. To
manage these types of next generation SONET/SDH network elements, the embedded DCC channel has
to carry IP based management messages and has to interoperate at the DCC level with legacy network
elements that are capable of transporting OSI-based messages through DCC. To address this
interoperability problem at the DCC level, ITU G.7712 has defined the following three DCC network
domains:
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IP Tunneling is one of the methods recommended by ITU G.7712 for tunneling IP traffic through the OSI
based DCN network. In the following subsections, we will illustrate how IP Tunneling method can be
used to integrate next generation SONET/SDH systems with the legacy network elements.
OCS standards-based, off-the-shelf DCC System Solution shortens the DCC implementation time and is
designed to provide DCC interoperability with equipment from leading SONET/SDH equipment vendors
such as Fujitsu, Lucent and Nortel. OCS offers two standards-based DCC packages that can be used by
equipment vendors to quickly implement an interoperable DCC solution in their equipments. These two
DCC packages include support for full OSI 7-Layer Stack and an OSI three layer stack (also referred to as
Short Stack). Both full stack and short stack versions support IP Tunneling as per G.7712
recommendations. OCS solution is designed to be hardware and operating system independent and can
be easily ported to most hardware/software platforms.
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1 byte
A2
E1
D2
H2
K1
D5
D8
D11
M0 or
M1/Z2
1 byte
J0/Z0
F1
D3
H3
K2
D6
D9
D12
E2
87 columns
Transport Overhead
Page 6 of 6
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NMS-1
NMS-2
GNE
ADM
ADM
SONET/SDH Ring
Terminal
Terminal
ADM
ADM
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
GNE: Gateway NE
ADM: Add-drop Multiplexer
Terminal
EMS: Element Management System
NMS: Network Management System
Page 7 of 7
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Application
Pre sentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Stack A: OS
(X.25 DCN)
TL1
CMISE
ROSE
ACSE
Stack C: NE
(LAN)
TL1
CMISE
ROSE
ACSE
CMISE
ROSE
ACSE
ASN.1/BER
Kernel/Full Duplex
TP4
CLNP
X.25
LAPB
ASN.1/BER
Kernel/Full Duplex
TP4
CLNP
ES-IS
IS-IS
LAPD
EIA-232-D
V.35
DCC
ASN.1/BER
Kernel/Full Duplex
TP4
CLNP
ES-IS
IS-IS
LLC1
CSMA/CD
AUI
10BASE2
10BASE-T
TL-1 is easily the most widely used protocol in telecommunication management today.
Most telecommunication elements in North America today are managed using TL-1. TL-1 was
designed to be a human readable machine language for craft operators and operations personnel. In
the 1980s, Telcordia adopted TL-1 as the network element management protocol for their Network
Monitoring and Analysis (NMA) system. NMA is a fault management OSS wide ly used by Regional
Bell Operating Company (RBOCs). One of the pre-requisites for deployment in a network owned by
RBOCs, is that the equipment must support TL-1 and should be manageable by NMA and other OSSs
used by RBOCs.
OCS worked with Fujitsu to propose TARP protocol to SONET Interoperability Forum (SIF), which was later
adopted by Telcordia as part of GR-253 standard
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Terminal equipment vendors are reluctant to implement full OSI-7 layer stack in their equipment as
required by GR-253 standard. OSI short stack solution based on lower three OSI layer protocols
enables vendors to implement a cost effective DCC solution that would provide interoperability with
OSI-7 layer DCC solution. There are two versions of OSI short stack as illustrated in Figure 4. OSI
short stack based on X.25/LAPB can be used for communicating with OSS but cannot be used for
communication between NEs over DCC.
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Stack A: OS
(X.25 DCN)
TL-1
CLNP
X.25
LAPB
EIA-232-D
V.35
Stack B: NE
(DCC)
TL-1
CLNP
ES-IS, IS-IS
LAPD
DCC
Page 9 of 9
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IP Only Stack
FTAM
Application
ROSE
ACSE
HTTP, FTP
Telnet, TL1
Presentation
SNMPv1/v2/v3
RMON
Presentation
Session
Session
Transport
TCP
TP4
UDP
TARP
Network
OSPF
RIP
IPv4
PPP over
HDLC
(RFC1661)
Link
Physical
DCC
DCC
LAN
IS-IS,
ES-IS,
CLNP
ICMP
ARP
LLC1
LAPD
LLC1
X.25
LAPB
LAN
X.25
DCC
DCC
LAN
RS-449/
V.35
FTAM
Application
ROSE
ACSE
Presentation
HTTP, FTP
Telnet, TL1
SNMPv1/v2/v3
RMON
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Session
TCP
UDP
Tunneling
(GRE)
TP4
TARP
OSPF
RIP
ES-IS,IS-IS
IPv4
CLNP
Link
LLC1
LAPB
Physical
DCC
LAN
RS-449
V.35
Page 10 of 10
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TL1 Mediation
CMIP
TL1
FTAM
Application
ROSE
ACSE
Presentation
SNMPv1/v2/v3
RMON
TL1
-----------Telnet
Session
Presentation
Session
Transport
UDP
TP4
TCP
TARP
Network
IPv4
CLNP
Link
LLC1
LAPD
Physical
LAN
DCC
OSS
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NE
Support different types of communication interfaces, such as Section DCC, X.25 and LAN
Telcordias GR-253-CORE and ITU G.7712 have defined the following standard interfaces for
SONET/SDH operations communications: Section/Line DCC, X.25 over RS-449/V.35 and
10/100Base-T.
Support IP Tunneling
As indicated in the earlier sections, to extend the reach of IP based applications through a OSIonly DCC network, the network elements located at the boundary between IP and OSI network
domains must support dual stack as illustrated in Figure 6.
managed by OSI based protocols. NEs, which support Dual Stack use FTP for file transfer over
IP based network and FTAM over OSI based network to perform software download operations.
v
Page 13 of 13
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5.1
Figure 8, illustrates an OSI-7 layer based communication path between an OSS (NMS-1) and a
SONET/SDH NE named NE-B. The communication path between NMS-1 and NE-B traverses through
DCN and GNE before terminating in NE-B. It is assumed that the NMS-1 has built-in OSI-7 layer stack
and uses TL1 over OSI-7 layer to manage the SONET/SDH NEs in the network. The physical link
between NMS-1 and GNE is assumed to be X.25 Permanent Virtual Circuit.
OSS
NMS-1
NMS-2
GNE
ADM
GNE
ADM
SONET/SDH Ring
Terminal
Terminal
ADM
ADM
NE-B
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
GNE: Gateway NE
ADM: Add-drop Multiplexer
Terminal
EMS: Element Management System
NMS: Network Management System
OSS
TL1
NE-B
CMIP
FTA
M
TL1
ROSE
ACSE
FTA
M
CMIP
ROSE
ACSE
Presentation
Presentation
Session
Session
TP4
TP4
TARP
TARP
TARP
ES-IS
CLNP
IS-IS,
ES-IS,
CLNP
IS-IS
ES-IS
CLNP
X.25
LAPB
X.25
LAPB
LAPD
LAPD
RS-449/
V.35
RS-449/
V.35
DCC
DCC
Page 15 of 15
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OSS
NMS-1
NMS-2
Router
CIS CO
SY S
T E MS
EMS
LAN HUB
NE-A
GNE
GNE
ADM
ADM
SONET/SDH Ring
Terminal
ADM
ADM
Terminal
NE-B
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
GNE: Gateway NE
GNE
(NE-A)
TL1 Mediation
TL1
-----------Telnet
SNMPv1/v2/v3
RMON
UDP
TCP
SNMPv1/v2/
v3
RMON
UDP
TL1
-----------Telnet
TCP
NE-B
TL1
FTA
M
CMIP
CMIP
TL1
FTAM
ROSE
ROSE
ACSE
ACSE
Presentation
Presentation
Session
Session
TP4
TP4
TARP
TARP
IPv4
IPv4
CLNP
CLNP
LLC1
LLC1
LAPD
LAPD
LAN
LAN
DCC
DCC
5.2
IP Tunneling
Figure 12, illustrates the communication path between an EMS that manages SONET/SDH network
element using IP based management protocol such as SNMP or HTTP. In this example, an EMS
connected to GNE (NE-A) is assumed to manage all SONET/SDH terminals using SNMP protocol. Since
the communication path between the EMS and SONET/SDH terminals go through ADMs. Some of the
ADMs (e.g., NE-B and NE-C) are assumed to support only OSI-7 layer protocols over DCC. To support
this type of configuration an IP tunnel is created between SONET/SDH terminal (e.g. NE-D) and GNE
(NE-A). Figure 13, illustrates the protocol components involved in IP tunneling path between NE-D and
GNE.
OSS
NMS-1
NMS-2
GNE
GNE
ADM
ADM
SONET/SDH Ring
Terminal
Terminal
ADM
ADM
NE-B
NE-C
NE-D
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
GNE: Gateway NE
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SNMP
v1/v2/
v3
RMON
HTTP
FTP
Telent
UDP
TCP
NE-A (GNE)
NE-B
EMS
SNMPv1/v2/
v3
RMON
UDP
Tunneli
ng
GRE
IPv4
NE-C
CLNP
CLNP
CLNP
LLC1
LAPD
LAPD
LAPD
LAN
DCC
DCC
DCC
CLNP
Tunneli
ng
GRE
TCP
IPv4
IPv4
LAPD
LLC1
DCC
LAN
LLC1
LAN
Page 18 of 18
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HTTP
FTP
Telent
ITU G.7712 compliant IP Tunneling Module for IP Relay through OSI network (included
in both OSI-7 layer and Short stack packages)
NSIF-033-1999 compliant TL1 translation device (T-TD) to support TL1 over TCP/IP to
TL1 over OSI-7 layer mediation
7. References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GR-253, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems: Common Generic Criteria
ITU G.7712/Y.1703, Architecture and Specification of Data Communication Network
RFC-1661, Point-to-Point Protocol
RFC-1662, PPP in HDLC-like framing
RFC-2784, Generic Routing Encapsulation
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8. Abbreviations
ACSE
ARP
ATM
BER
CLNP
CLNS
CMISE
CMIP
CSMA/CD
DCC
DCN
EMS
ES
ES IS
FR
FTP
FTAM
GNE
GRE
HDLC
ICMP
ID
IP
IPv4
IPCP
IS
ISDN
ISIS
LAN
LAPB
LAPD
LLC1
LCN
NE
NSAP
OS
OSS
OSI
OSPF
PDU
PPP
RFC
ROSE
SDH
SONET
STS-1
TARP
TCP
TL1
WAN
Page 21 of 21
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