Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FINAL PROGRAM
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Prof. Denis B. Rosemberg (UFSM, Brazil)
President of the Local Organizing Committee
Prof. Allan V. Kalueff (St Peterburg State University, Russia, ZNRC Chair)
ISBS President
Ana Lcia A. Segatto, Ph.D.
Assistant of Laboratory, UFSM, Brazil
Barbara D. Fontana (UFSM, Brazil)
MSc. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Cludia S. Oliveira, Ph.D. (UFSM, Brazil)
PhD Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Fabiano V. Costa, MSc. (UFSM, Brazil)
Graduate Program in Pharmacology
Flavia V. Stefanello (UFSM, Brazil)
Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (CNPq Fellowship), Laboratory of Experimental
Neuropsychobiology,
Jamile S. Bernardi (UFSM, Brazil)
MSc. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Julia C. Marion (UFSM, Brazil)
Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (FAPERGS Fellowship), Laboratory of Experimental
Neuropsychobiology
Luiz Vincius C. Rosa (UFSM, Brazil)
MSc. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Nathana J. Mezzomo, MSc. (UFSM, Brazil)
PhD. Student of the Graduate Program in Pharmacology
Paola R. Ziani (UFSM, Brazil)
MSc. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Talise E. Mller, MSc. (UFSM, Brazil)
PhD. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
Vanessa A. Quadros, MSc. (UFSM, Brazil)
PhD. Student of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
FINAL PROGRAM
SPONSORS
International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS)
Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry
(UFSM)
Graduation Program in Pharmacology (UFSM)
Study English
LabSul
Sorrisos Gastronomia
MAIN TOPICS
Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology
Pharmacological Strategies for Neuroprotection
Experimental Models of Behavior
Neurobiology and Physiology of Stress, Fear, and Anxiety
Pain and Nociception
Learning and Memory
Translational Research in Biological Psychiatry
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the CNS
Focus: The 2-day workshop aimed to exchange and share the developing
translational knowledgebase of studies associates to three main topics of
interest: Neuropsychopharmacology, Toxicological Biochemistry, and
Behavioral Biology, with the particular focus of some mammalian and nonmammalian model organisms in scientific research. Students from
undergraduate, graduation, and researchers interested in neurochemistry,
biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, molecular biology and animal
behavior were welcome to join the event.
FINAL PROGRAM
CONFERENCES
Day 1. Monday, December 12, 2016
8:30-9:30
REGISTRATION
9:30-9:45
OPENING CEREMONY
Paulo A. Burmann (Dean, UFSM)
Flix A. A. Soares (Vice Director, CCNE, UFSM)
Denis B. Rosemberg (President of the Organizing Commitee, UFSM)
9:45-10:00
FINAL PROGRAM
FINAL PROGRAM
FINAL PROGRAM
ABSTRACTS
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease that affect
almost 1% of the world population. The free radicals and oxidative stress are important factors in the
development of arthritis. Substances that modify the production of these factors and consequently reduce the
extension of tissue damage will be effective in combating inflammation. Some studies have demonstrated an
association between RA and oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an important role in
inflammation induction and tissue damage. Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonoid found in many fruits and
vegetables. It has a wide range of biological actions including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and antiinflammatory activities, as well is able to attenuate lipid peroxidation. Objective: The aim of this study was
to investigate whether quercetin treatment alters the ROS levels in serum, liver and kidney of rats submitted
to a model of induced arthritis. Methods: The animals were divided in ten groups (n=5) and individually
treated with QUE (5, 25, 50 mg/kg) or saline, during 45 days and treated with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg)
during 7 day, as a positive control. The 2-7-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence assay was used to measure
cellular peroxide production and other reactive species. The Animal Ethics Committee from the UFSM
approved all animal procedures (protocol under number: 9970081214). Results: QUE 25 and 50 mg/kg was
able to reduce ROS levels in serum, however only the concentration of 50 mg/kg was capable to reduce ROS
levels in liver. However, no significantly alterations was found in kidney. In addition, DEX group showed
increased ROS formation. Conclusion: These results suggest that QUE prevented the increase on ROS
formation in serum and liver while DEX increased this marker. Hence, this study may prove the antioxidant
effect of quercetin and that this compound is efficient to prevent the oxidative stress induced by arthritis.
Financial Support: CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: arthritis; reactive oxygen species; quercetin.
Introduction: It has been recognized that glucocorticoids have the ability to influence brain cognition. Studies
have shown that the glucocorticoid Methylprednisolone (METP) induces a positive modulation of mammalian
neuromuscular transmission, which results in increased calcium influx in end plates. We suggest that similar
mechanisms are related to calcium signaling involved with the mnemonic response of METP. Objective: The
aim this study was to investigate the effects of METP on cell viability and on pathways involved in memory,
such as the calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase type II (CaMKII) in the central nervous system of
rodents. Methods: Cell viability of mice cortex and hippocampal brain slices, incubated with METP at 3, 30
and 300 M, was assayed with the MTT colorimetric test, according to Dal Belo (2013). Viability was also
assayed following the model of glucose and oxygen deprivation (GOD) according to Strasser and Fisher
(1995). As for in vivo assays, rats were treated with 3 and 300 M METP for 10 days and its cortex and
hippocampal brain structures were homogenized with a TissueLyser (QIAGEN). Pellet and supernatants
fractions were submitted to a 10% SDS-PAGE, dyed with Coomassie blue and protein bands (approximately
50kDa) were analyzed by ImageJ (NIH software). All data were expressed as mean S.E.M. and significance
by Student t test. The use of animals was previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use
(CEUA/UNIPAMPA 037/2012). Results: The treatment with 30 M METP increased the number of viable
cells (+45%, p<0.05) on hippocampal slices, while at the lowest dose no difference were found. The cell
viability significantly decreased on hippocampal and cortical slices treated with the highest dose (-88% and 83%, respectively, p<0.05). The results obtained with GOD were not significant, thus the observed increase in
cell viability is not related to neuroprotection. The in vivo treatment showed an increase in the density of the
50 kDa electrophoretic band at the lowest dose of METP treatment in both structures (3-4%, p<0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest an enhancement of the CaMKII content and/or in its electrophoretic
mobility under treatment with METP at low doses, thus indicating the involvement of a calcium-dependent
signaling pathway common in memory-related events.
Financial Support: UNIPAMPA, PRONEM, FAPERGS, CNPq 003/201.
Key words: Glucocorticoids; memory; CaMKII.
Introduction: Plant secondary metabolites can be applied in several areas of biotechnology, including the
development of novel insecticides. Vegetal species adapted to extreme environmental conditions, such as low
humidity and high temperatures, present a large diversity of secondary metabolites, which may contribute to
their survival. The Caatinga ecosystem in Northeast Brazil is an example of an extreme environment in which
most of the native plants have never been subjected to a scientific chemical and biological survey. Objective:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of crude extracts and enriched fractions of Manilkara rufula, a
plant from the Caatinga, using the nervous system of cockroaches as a biological model. Methods: Adult
Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) cockroaches (3-4 months after adult molt) of both sex, were used. The
neuromuscular activity was evaluated using the in vivo cockroach neuromuscular preparation (CNP), as
described elsewhere (Martinelli et al. 2014, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1840, 935-944). The treatments
were made injecting in the third abdominal segment of the animals, 10 l of the test compounds previously
dissolved in physiological solution. The crude extract of M. rufula (CEMR) was administered at 50, 100 and
200 g per animal and the methanolic (MF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were administrated at 10, 20 and 40
g per animal. Results: Overall the application of the CEMR induced a time-dependent decrease of the muscle
twitch tension that was the maxim for 100 g/g of animal weight, in 120 min. When the MF and AF were
assayed there was a similar effect to the crude extract that was the maxim for the highest concentration.
Discussion and conclusion: The results confirm the entomotoxic potential of Manilkara rufula extract.
Phytochemical and guided biological assays are in the course and will be able to identify the chemical
compounds related to the toxic effects in insects.
Key words: Natural insecticides; Nauphoeta cinerea; neuromuscular junctions.
Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group (GPEOSCEL), Universidade Federal do Pampa,
Campus So Gabriel, 97300-000 So Gabriel, RS, Brazil;
2
Departamento de Qumica, Programa de Ps Graduao em Bioqumica Toxicolgica, Universidade Federal
de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil;
Introduction: Mancozeb (Manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate polymeric complex with zinc salt) is an
antifungal agent largely used in brazilian agriculture mainly in fruits cultivation. Environmental and
occupational exposure of humans to this agent is related with symptoms associated with a neurological
pathology called Manganism, presenting clinical and biochemical markers very similar to Parkinsons Disease.
Differential susceptibility to exposure to pesticides is observed in developmental and adult phase in mammals.
However, little is known about Mancozeb toxicity in different developmental stages. Drosophila melanogaster
is an alternative model for toxicological studies that has a short period of life, this character is very useful for
studies of effects of chemical compounds on different stages of development. Objectives: In this study, we
investigate the effects of Mancozeb consumption in adult and larval phase of D. melanogaster, on antioxidant
enzymes activity and locomotor ability. Methods: For larval exposure protocol, eggs were ovoposited and
larves ecloded and grown in medium containing 0, 0.1 and 1 mg/mL of Mancozeb. For adult exposure protocol,
1-3 days old flies were exposed up to 15 days to medium containing Mancozeb (1-10 mg/mL). Locomotor
behavior was analyzed by negative geotaxis. For glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase activity (CAT),
20 flies were homogeneized in Tris 20mM Ph7.4 and enzymes activity measured in supernatant. Results: The
ingestion of Mancozeb 1 mg/mL during larval developmental phase, impaired locomotor performance of
newly ecloded flies, delaying the time to reach 5 cm vertically in a glass tube (from 3.15 1.01 s to 7.69 1.9
s). GST activity was inhibited in 42% in relation to control. No alteration on CAT activity was observed. Adult
flies were more resistant to exposure to Mancozeb, locomotor deficit was observed only after 15 days of
exposure to 1 mg/mL. Catalase activity was inducted in 169% from 10 mg/mL; GST activity was induced in
106% after 5 mg/mL. No effects were observed in lower concentrations. Conclusion: the toxicity of Mancozeb
was more prominent in the protocol of exposure during larval phase of D. melanogster. Oxidative stress and
damage to Central and Peripheral Nervous System are targets potentially affected by this compound in larval
and adult phase.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS, Unipampa
Key words: Drosophila melanogaster; Mancozeb; antioxidant enzymes.
Introduction: The cropping system based on intensive use of land and constant application of agricultural
chemicals inflict a threat to aquatic organisms since these substances will be inevitably carried out to water
bodies. The interaction of these agrochemicals with aquatic animals such as fish can lead to a cascade of
oxidative reactions with possible damage to cellular components. Moreover, abiotic factors such as
precipitation, temperature, and dissolved oxygen can per se cause changes in oxidative status or can act
synergistically or antagonistically with agrochemicals. Objective: This study investigated the influence of the
intrinsic characteristics of summer and winter in the interaction with agrochemicals on biochemical responses
of L. anus, benthic and omnivorous species widely distributed in southern Brazil. Methods: Ten armored
catfishes were collected in six points up to downstream in February and August of 2016 in the Passo Real
reservoir, a region of intense agricultural production. Agrochemicals were identified and quantified in water
and sediment samples. Liver, gills, brain and muscle tissues were analyzed for toxicity parameters. Results:
No pesticides were detected in the sediment. In the water, there were Atrazine, Imidacloprid, Simazine,
Azoxystrobin and Propoxur in the winter and only Atrazine in the summer. The most significant difference
between seasons was evident in the GST activity in the liver, which increased almost three times in winter at
all points. There was no difference between TBARS and carbonyl in liver between seasons. There was a
tendency to increase the level of TBARS in brain and gills at some points in the summer, unlike muscle whose
values were higher in the winter. AChE activity in brain and muscle increased in winter in nearly all points.
Conclusion: As detoxification organ, the liver appears to be more interesting to assess possible effects of
agrochemicals on L. anus metabolism. The other organs seem to have been influenced by environmental
variables and, therefore, the antioxidant responses could not explain the damage. The enzyme GST appears to
have had a protective effect on the liver during the winter where many pesticides have been detected, thus
avoiding damage to proteins and lipids.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq.
Key words: armored catfish; environmental assessment; oxidative stress.
Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group (GPOSCEL), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus
So Gabriel, 97300-000 So Gabriel, RS, Brazil;
2
Departamento de Qumica, Programa de Ps Graduao em Bioqumica Toxicolgica, Universidade Federal
de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil;
Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (Cp) is an organophosphate insecticide widely used for controlling agricultural
and household pests. The main damage caused by Cp is the neurotoxicity mostly attributed to the inhibition of
acetylcholinesterase, increasing neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and promoting
hyperexcitation in central nervous system and muscular junctions. Occupational exposure is the main form of
human poisoning by organophosphates and current therapies for these compounds intoxication are not
efficient. Therefore the search for compounds acting on organophosphate damage has been intensified. Plants
are a potential source of compounds with protective action, as evidenced in literature, acting on several
neuropathological conditions. Manilkara rufula is a plant native from Caatinga and Cerrado Biome. Although
the pharmacological potential of the genus has been reported, knowledge about this species remains scarce.
The biological activities reported for Manilkara species are attributed to secondary metabolites such as
triterpene saponins. Drosophila melanogaster is an alternative animal model widely used in toxicological
studies. About 75% of disease-related genes in humans have functional orthologs in D. melanogaster and their
fast reproductive cycle and easy maintenance make them ideal for use in in vivo bioassays. Objective: This
study aims to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Manilkara rufula (HEMr) antioxidant and
protective potential on mortality and locomotor damage induced by Cp in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods:
For treatments, adult female flies (1-4 days old) were exposed to sucrose 1% (control) or HEMr 20 and 50
mg/ml alone or in combination with Cp 0.75 ppm for 24h both diluted in sucrose 1%. Antioxidant activity was
measured by analysis of ABTS radical chelation by the extract. Total phenols were measured by FolinCiocalteau agent. Finished the treatment, mortality was recorded and surviving flies were submitted to negative
geotaxis locomotor test. Results: The HEMr showed ABTS radical sequestration potential (122,9 9,6 M
equivalent to ascorbic acid / 100 mg extract) and satisfactory total phenols content (22.5 2.7 g equivalent to
gallic acid / 100 g extract). Exposure of flies to Cp decreased in 44% the surviving of flies and causes impaired
locomotor performance in 42%. Both effects were avoided by the extract. Conclusion: The results indicate
that M. rufula presents antioxidant potential and protective effect against the toxicity caused by chlorpyrifos
on survival and locomotor performance of flies. Further studies are needed to understand the HEMr
mechanisms of protection.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS and Unipampa
Key words: Organophosphate toxicity; vegetal extract; antioxidant potential.
Grupo de Pesquisa Estresse Oxidativo e Sinalizao Celular: Universidade Federal do pampa; Campus So
Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, CEP 97300 000.
Introduction: The exacerbated use of agrochemicals in agriculture is associated with damage to the
environment and human health. Among these agrochemicals is Paraquat an herbicide with large spectrum used
in a variety of cultures. It was reported Parkinsonism-like syndrome in response to Paraquat exposure and loss
of dopaminergic neurons. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide whose toxicity is associated with
neurological effects, persistent developmental disorders and autoimmune disorders in humans. In this context,
plants can represent a potential source of molecules with pharmacological properties acting on prevention or
treatment of illness associated from agrochemical exposure. Croton campestris (pop. velame-do-campo) is a
species found in the Brazilian Cerrado and used as a medicinal plant by local population in several morbidities
drawing attention for biological properties of this specie. Objective: We aimed to obtain the phytochemical
profile of phenolic compound and flavonoids for methanolic fraction of leaves of Croton campestris (MFCC)
by HPLC-DAD and to investigate the biologic effect of MFCC against toxicity of Paraquat (PQ) and
Chlorpyrifos (CP) in Drosophila melanogaster taking into account viability and locomotor performance.
Methods: Female flies (1-4 days) were exposed to MFCC (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 mg/mL) mixed to the medium for
7 days for analysis of toxicity of plant. Flies were co-exposed to the medium containing MFCC 1 mg/mL with
or without 5mM PQ or 0.25 ppm CP for 48 hours. After the treatment, we evaluate survival rate and locomotor
activity by negative geotaxis assay. Results: The chromatography profile of MFCC revealed the presence of
organic acids, flobabenc tannis, cumarines, flavones, flavonols, quinoses, flavononols, flavonone and terpenes.
MFCC exposure did not present toxicity per se. PQ and CP caused a significant reduction in survival (58%
and 34%) respectively. An 80% and 58% decreasing in locomotor activity was observed by PQ and CP
respectively. The mortality induced by agrochemicals was completely in the presence of plant. The locomotor
performance impairments induced by PQ and CP was partially avoided by plant. Conclusion: Our data shows
the protective potential of methanolic fraction of Croton campestris against largely used agrochemicals, whose
toxicity is mostly associated with neurotoxic events drawing attention for the biological potential of this species
as a source of bioactive components.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS e Unipampa.
Key words: Agrochemicals; Neurodegenerative diseases; Croton campestris.
Introduction: Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by metals causes various biochemical changes in aquatic
organisms, and fish are recognized as indicators of environmental quality. Zinc (Zn) is a transition metal which
participates in the modulation of regulatory proteins and cellular activities. Poecilia vivipara (guppy) is a
Brazilian euryhaline teleost fish is commonly found in both fresh and coastal water bodies along the South
Atlantic Ocean. It has been pointed as a promising fish species to monitor the health condition of tropical and
sub-temperate coastal waters. Objective: The present study evaluated biochemical parameters in guppy
exposed to waterborne Zn with or without salt water (24 ppt), in order to verify protective effects of salinity.
Activity of catalase (CAT), total peroxides (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were evaluated in whole
body after 96h of exposure to Zn (0.5 mg/L). Methods: Fish were divided in four groups: CT (tap water), Zn
(0.5 mg/L), Salt (24 ppt) and Salt (24 ppt) + Zn (0.5 mg/L) during 96h. After, were anesthetized and euthanized
by punching the spinal cord behind the opercula. Whole body was prepared though homogenization in TrisHCl 50 mM, pH 7.5 for biochemical analyzes The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics
Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of Santa Maria under process number 117/2013.
Results: CAT activity increases the Salt group and Salt + Zn compared to the CT and Zn groups. The group
exposed to Zn increase the amount of total peroxides. However, in salt water groups, the levels remained
similar to CT. Lipid peroxidation increased in Zn and Salt groups. Comparison between groups showed that
TBARS in group Sal+Zn did not differ to CT, but decreased as compared to Zn and Salt groups. Conclusion:
These results suggest that salt in water per se increased the CAT activity and showed clear relation with
peroxides reduction observed in the same groups. Zinc group increased peroxides formation, and this
occurrence is prevented by salt in water. The association between salt and zinc prevent lipid peroxidation
induced by zinc and salt per se. In fact, the competition of zinc and compounds of salt especially calcium could
be the reason of positive results presented.
Financial Support: CAPES
Key words: fish; metal; salt water.
Introduction: Interesterification is one of the processes used to modify the physico-chemical characteristics
of oils and fats, which involves redistribution of fatty acids (FA) between and within triacylglycerols
molecules, until a thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. It has been used as an alternative for preparing
plastic fats with low levels of trans isomers or absence of these FA. Studies involving interesterified fat (IF)
have shown deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, predisposition to obesity and increased incidence
of type II diabetes, developing similar adverse effects related to hydrogenated vegetable fat consumption,
however, there are no studies on the effect of its consumption on the central nervous system (CNS). Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the chronic consumption of IF may affect oxidative parameters
in hippocampus of rats. Methods: To perform this trial, one week before mating, female adult Wistar rats
(n=14) were supplemented (3g/kg; per oral) with either soybean oil, (SO-C, isocaloric control group) or
interesterified fat (IF) and maintained under the same supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. From
weaning, at the postnatal day (PND) 21, one male pup of each litter (n=7) was maintained on the same original
oral supplementation until PND 90. Oxidative status of the hippocampus was estimated by reactive species
(RS) generation, protein carbonyl (PC) levels and catalase (CAT) activity (process number 1391090616/2016).
Results: IF supplemented group showed increased RS generation and PC levels and also decreased activity of
CAT in hippocampus, in comparison to SO-C group. Conclusion: These data suggest that IF intake from
pregnancy to adulthood is able to increase oxidative damages in hippocampus of adult offsprings. Considering
that the increase of oxidative stress in CNS is related to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases,
additional studies should be carried out to evaluate the impact of IF consumption on the development of these
diseases. Additional studies involving the influence of IF consumption over generations on neurochemical and
epigenetic changes are required.
Financial Support: CAPES.
Key words: reactive species; first generation; central nervous system.
Cincias Biolgicas Bacharelado, Universidade Federal do Pampa; So Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul;
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Cincias Biolgicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa; So Gabriel, Rio
Grande do Sul;
3
Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa; So Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul;
4
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Cincias Biolgicas: Bioqumica Toxicolgica da Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria; Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul;
5
Universidade Federal do Pampa; So Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul.
2
Introduction: Pyrethroid insecticides, such as permethrin (PM), are one of the most commonly used
insecticides, due to its low toxicity to non-target organisms. However, several studies suggest that developing
animals are uniquely susceptible to pyrethroid toxicity. Zebrafish have recently been used as an alternative
model to assess the developmental neurotoxicology effects, due to small size, easy husbandry, high fecundity
and its genetic and physiological similarity to mammals. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate
the behavioral effects and its influence on oxidative stress biomarkers in larval zebrafish exposed to PM.
Methods: Larval zebrafish at 6-day postfertilization (dpf) were exposed to 25 - 600 g.L-1 of PM diluted in
ethanol during 24h. The final concentration of ethanol in each treatment was 0.01%. Controls (CTL) were
treated with 0.01% ethanol. Locomotor and exploratory activities were analyzed in the novel tank test, which
may reflect habituation to novelty stress. All behavioral measures were assessed using the ANY-MazeTM
software and the following endpoints were analyzed: distance traveled; number of entries and time to the center
of arena. For oxidative stress biomarkers, 50 larvae were compiled (one sample = fifty pooled larvae). Lipid
peroxidation was estimated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production, catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were used as biomarkers of
oxidative stress. Results: Firstly, we evaluated the cumulative mortality (LC50=37 g.L-1). After, two
concentrations were chosen, one lower and one higher than LC50 (25 and 50 g.L-1). Both exposed groups
showed significant decrease in distance traveled and thigmotaxis when compared to CTL. Thigmotaxis was
observed by significant increase in permanence in the central arena. In parallel to the behavioral changes, PM
treated larvae showed oxidative damage observed by significant increases in TBARS levels and GST activity.
CAT and GPx activities were not changed. The increase in GST activity may be related to detoxification of
xenobiotic and elimination of unsaturated aldehydes produced during the lipid peroxidation process.
Conclusion: These data suggest that zebrafish larvae are sensitive to PM exposure, which causes mortality
and behavioral deficits, as well as accumulation of oxidative damage, highlighting its potential toxicity during
developmental stages.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: pyrethroid toxicity; developmental stages; permethrin; behavioral changes; oxidative stress.
Introduction: The anatoxin-a(s) is a potential biohazard cyanotoxin, in which toxic mechanism relies on the
inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Despite the ecological and clinical interest, there are
feel works in literature aimed to study the interactions of anatoxin-a(s) on the nervous system of different
animal species. Objective: In this study we investigated the neurotoxic activity induced by the extract
containing anatoxin-a(s) (ECATAS) on in vivo and in vitro neurobiological preparations of invertebrate and
vertebrates. Methods: The extract containing anatoxin-a(s) was a donation of Dr. Ernani Pinto, from
University of So Paulo, USP. Adult male Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) cockroaches (34 months after adult
molt), Swiss white mice (25-30g) and Hy-Line chicks (1-10 days) were used for the biological assays. The
animals were kept with water and food ad libitum in controlled temperature and lighting environment. The in
vitro chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation (BCMP) was used for vertebrate neuromuscular assessment.
The in vivo cockroach neuromuscular preparation (CNP), was mounted for the neuromuscular assays in insects,
as described elsewhere (Martinelli et al. 2014, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1840, 935944). The cell
viability of brain slices was accessed using the MTT assay. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was accessed
using cockroach brain homogenates in a conventional methodology. Data were expressed as mean standard
error (SE) and analyzed by Student t test or ANOVA followed by Tukey test. This work was approved by
the Institutional Committee for Ethics in Animal Use (CEUA/ UNIPAMPA, Protocol n 043/2015). Results:
ECATAS (2.5, 5 and 50g/ml, induced a significative inhibition of the AChE, that was maximal (53.39
1.65%, n= 6, p<0.0001), for the highest concentration. The cell viability of mice hippocampal slices showed
that the ECATAS (1, 4 and 8g/ml) induced a maximum decreased in the cell viability (4g/ml), compared to
the HEPES control (p <0.05, n=6). Using BCMP and CNP, ECATAS (2, 4 and 8g/ml) and (5, 25 and 50 g/g
of animal weight), produced a transient increase of twitch tension (20 1.65% and 10 1%) followed by an
irreversible neuromuscular blockade that was maximum and complete for the lowest concentration (p<0.01,
n=6, respectively). Conclusion: The data indicated that different species are susceptible to the toxic effect of
the anatoxina-a(s). Also that the toxin may affect both peripheral and central nervous systems. This work unveil
the use of neurobiological preparations as biomarkers, while shows the biotechnological potential of anatoxins.
Financial Support: Edital Toxinologia 063/2010 CAPES, Edital Grupos de Pesquisa UNIPAMPA 2014.
Key words: cyanotoxins; anti-acetylcholinesterase; neuromuscular junctions; central nervous system.
Centro de Cincias da Sade (CCS)-Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Programa graduate program in life sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria,
Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
3
Departamento of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and exact sciences(CCNE)-Federal
University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
2
Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal, which has no biological function, can cause several adverse reactions
in individuals exposed to him, the most serious of them is due to the accumulation of Pb in the brain. The
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, neurotransmitter found in the brain
which is responsible, among others, by nerve impulses, when in excess cause about muscle stimulation and
cases of dementia, when accumulation of acetylcholine is the brain. Knowing that young rats have greater
sensitivity to external aggressions, it is believed that a Pb exposure in the early days postnatal would cause
biochemical damage and behavioral changes. Objective: Today, it is known that the treatment of metal
poisoning is done with chelating agents, which can cause adverse effects such as the depletion of essential
metals, that way, the search for alternative treatment is important. Zinc (Zn) and N-acetilcisteina (NAC) are
compounds that possess important properties against the toxic effects of metals, which may have a protective
effect against Pb poisoning search so, investigate the possible protective action of ZnCl 2 and the NAC on the
toxicity of Ac2PbWistar rats. Methods: The animals were treated as follows: received saline, zinc chloride
(ZnCl2 27 mg/kg), N-acetylcysteine (NAC 5 mg/kg) or ZnCl2 + NAC day 3 to 7; lead acetate (Ac2Pb 1th to
12th days of age by subcutaneous route. The animals were subjected to the tests of geotact negative and open
field. The 33 days of age, were euthanized and removed brain and cerebellum for measurement of the activity.
Results: the chicks exposed to Ac2Pb show decrease in the activity of the enzyme AChE, but there were no
behavioral changes in geotact x negative test and open field while both preventative care (Zn, ZN + NAC and
NAC) protected partly inhibition of AChE caused by Pb.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq and PRAE/UFSM.
Key words: lead; acetylcholinesterase; neurotoxicity.
Introduction: Aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)
is the most common mycotoxin and highly toxic, causing carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. This
mycotoxin has been detected in important crops worldwide, including corn, peanuts, beans, rice, wheat, fruits
and also in animal feed. The AFB1 is converted in the liver into 8,9-epoxide, a metabolite which reacts with
proteins, RNA and DNA. Many researches clarified the peripheral effects of the exposition to AFB1, however,
there are few studies explaining their effects on the central nervous system. Objective: The aim of our study
was to evaluate the acute effects caused by oral administration of AFB1 on biochemical parameters of cerebral
cortex. Methods: Young male Wistar rats received a single administration of AFB1 (250 g/kg/i.g.) and 48
hours thereafter biochemical parameters were measured in the cerebral cortex. Antioxidant enzymes
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), protein carbonyls and levels of 3nitrotyrosine, determination of ascorbic acid and non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) and lipoperoxidation,
(TBARS) as well as changes in immunoreactivity of protein kinase A (PKA-Ser96) and protein kinase C (PKCSer957). The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use of the Federal
University of Santa Maria under process number 093/2014. Results: Acute intoxication by AFB1 causes
neurotoxic effects, evidenced by a significant reduction in the levels of ascorbic acid and non-protein
sulfhydryl groups, accompanied by the increase in immunoreactivity ratio of protein kinase C
phosphorylated/total (p-PKC Ser957/PKC ). Conclusion: AFB1 was able to cause neurochemical
alterations. These results reinforce that monitoring mycotoxins levels in food are essential to guarantee food
security.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: mycotoxin; biochemical parameters; neurotoxic.
Introduction: Oxidative stress is a biological condition that occurs due to an imbalance between antioxidant
defenses and reactive oxygen species and/or reactive nitrogen species generated from normal oxidative
metabolism or from pro-oxidant environmental exposures. This condition has been described to be involved
in neurodegenerative disorders, where ROS can contribute to their worsening by causing alterations in the cell
membrane and DNA mutations. It is known that the brain is vulnerable to oxidative damage because of a
relative lack of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and glutathione peroxidase and abundance of oxidizable
substrates like polyunsaturated fatty acids and catecholamines such as dopamine. Literature data show that
genistein, one isoflavone, may be a promising agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, due to its
ability to cross the blood brain barrier, long half-life (15-22 h) and low oral toxicity in vivo. Objective: This
study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of isoflavones on the damage of brain oxidative
stress induced in vitro in brain tissue of rats. Methods: The isoflavones were weighted and dissolved in
distilled water. For each experiment, a new solution was prepared. The brain samples were from male Wistar
rats beheaded with the guillotine aid after anesthesia with Ketamine/Xylazine. To evaluate the effects of
isoflavones on TBARS production induced by different pro-oxidants in vitro, the rat brain tissue was removed
and homogenized. After, an aliquot of the supernatant was incubated for 1 hour at 37C with pro-oxidants and
in the presence or absence of different concentrations of isoflavones (equivalent to 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300
g/mL of isoflavones). As pro-oxidant agents, sodium nitroprusside (NPS 5M) and Fe2+/EDTA (100 M/100
M) were used. Malondialdehyde was used as standard and samples were read at 532 nm. All experiments
were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Council of Control of Animal
Experimentation (CONCEA). Results: Both NPS and Fe2+/EDTA complex increased TBARS in brain
homogenates of the rat. Isoflavones reduced this increase in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of
71.39 2.01g/ml to NPS and 124.5 8.13 g/ml to Fe2+/EDTA. Conclusion: Here, the results show that
isoflavones were able to reduce brain lipid peroxidation. One hypothesis to explain the effect of isoflavones
on the lipid peroxidation induced by pro-oxidant agents is that isoflavones may have neutralized the inducing
agents, thus avoiding the lipid damage.
Financial Support: CAPES.
Key words: TBARS; oxidative stress; isoflavones.
Centro de Cincias da Sade (CCS) - UFSM Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Cincias Biolgicas: Bioqumica Toxicolgica, Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
3
Departamento de Bioqumica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Cincias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE).
2
Introduction: Diazinon (DZ) is a pesticide belonging to the class of organophosphates widely used in
agriculture and veterinary medicine. Its main toxic effect is the inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs) acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC: 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE , EC: 3.1.1.8). This inhibition
causes the increase of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) causing a greater stimulation of the cholinergic
synapses. Objective: To assess the cognitive ability and cholinergic activity of mice exposed to DZ for a short
period of time. Methods: This work was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of UFSM
(CEUA / UFSM) under the number 6836140815. Twenty-three male albino mice of the Swiss strain were used,
which were separated into 3 treatment groups (n = 7 to 8) and treated with saline (shan group) or DZ (10 or
100 mg / kg) for 10 days via the subcutaneous route. The open field (OF) test were performed on the 7 th day
of exposure and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test which was performed from the 7 th to 10th days of
exposure. Afterwards, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized to measure ChEs activity in the cerebral
cortex and hippocampus. The results were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: Animals exposed to
DZ showed no alterations in the OF task when compared to the shan. In the task of MWM, all the groups
presented improvement of the performance with the passage of the days days=11.68; p<0.001], but there was
no difference between the groups. DZ also did not alter the activity of ChEs in the cerebral cortex and
hippocampus. Conclusion: DZ did not cause behavioral changes and did not alter the activity of brain ChEs.
It is suggested to be related to the short exposure period.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq e PRAE/UFSM.
Key words: Organophosphate; memory; neurotoxicity; diazinon.
Centro de Cincias da Sade (CCS) - UFSM Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Cincias Biolgicas: Bioqumica Toxicolgica, Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
3
Departamento de Bioqumica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Cincias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE).
2
Introduction: Organophosphorus compounds (OP) form a large class of commonly used pesticides. Diazinon
(DZ) is an example of this class and, as with other OFs, its main toxic effect is the inhibition of cholinesterases
(ChEs) acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC:3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC:3.1.1.8). This
inhibition results in the accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) causing a greater stimulation
of the cholinergic synapses. Objective: To evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure with two different doses
of OF Diazinon, andalterations in spatial memory and levels of ChEs. Methods: This work was approved by
the Ethics Committee of UFSM, number 6836140815. Twenty male Swiss albino mice were divided into three
experimental groups (n= 4-9): Shangroup (saline), Group DZ 10 (10 mg/kg Diazinon); and Group DZ 100
(100 mg/kg Diazinon), by 30 days, via subcutaneous rout.On the 27th day of exposure, the open field test (OF)
was performed according to Walsh and Commins (1976), in order to evaluate the spontaneous locomotor
activity. From the 27th to the 30th day of exposure, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task was performed
according to the method of MORRIS (1984), for the evaluation of spatial memory and learning. Afterwards,
the animals were anesthetized and euthanized to measurement ofthe enzymatic activity of ChEs in cerebral
cortex and hippocampus. Results: The results show that DZ did not alter the locomotor activity and the
learning capacity of the animals. In the OP task, the animals exposed to DZ 10 showed a significant difference
in the time of exit [T (13)=12.234, p=0.044] and in the number of fecal cakes [T(13)=7.840, p=0.018]compared
to the shan. In the MWM task, all groups showed improvement over the days [F(3,54)=35.83, p<0.001] and the
animals exposed to DZ 10 presented lower latency to find the platform on the first day of the test [F(2,18)=4.231,
p =0.31] compared to the shan. The animals exposed to DZ 100 had a reduction in hippocampal AChE activity
[F(2,16)=3.779, p=0.045] and BChE of the cerebral cortex [F(2,17)=5.989, p=0.014 ],compared to the shan.
Conclusion: The locomotor activity and learning ability of animals exposed to DZ was not altered, as seen in
behavioral tests. However, a higher dose altered BChE activity of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus AChE.
It is suggested that such changes in ChEs activity are not sufficient to cause behavioral damage.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq e PRAE/UFSM.
Key words: Organophosphate; memory; neurotoxicity; diazinon.
Introduction: The venom of the Brazilian toad Rhinella icterica is potentially a rich source for
bioactive molecules, although there is no previous work describing its biological activity. Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the neurobiological activity of R. icterica venom methanolic
extract (MERIV) at central and peripheral nervous system of vertebrates. Methods: Adult male Swiss
white mice (25-30g) and Hyline chicks (1-10 days) were used for the biological assays. The animals
were kept with water and food ad libitum in controlled temperature and lighting environment. The in
vitro biventer cervicis muscle preparation (BCMP) was used for neuromuscular assessment. The cell
viability of brain slices was accessed using the MTT assay. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was
accessed using biventer cervicis muscles in a conventional methodology. Data were expressed as
mean standard error (SE) and analyzed by Student t test or ANOVA followed by Tukey test. This
work was approved by the Institutional Committee for Ethics in Animal Use (CEUA/ UNIPAMPA,
Protocol n 037/2012). Results: When MERIV (5 and 10 g/mL) was incubated on BCMP there was
an increase in the muscle twitches followed by an irreversible neuromuscular blockade, in 120min
recordings (6015% and 466%, p<0.05, n=5, respectively). MERIV (5, 10 and 20 g/mL)
significantly inhibited AChE activity (235%, 565% and 526%, p<0.05, n=3, p<0.05,
respectively). The incubation of muscles with digoxin (52 nM) or ouabain (0.2 nM), mimicked the
venom facilitatory and blocking activities (276% and 19 4%, p<0.05, n=5, respectively). MERIV
(5, 10 and 20 g/mL) increased the mouse brain cell viability at the lowest concentration (3610%,
n=6, p<0.05), with no alteration with the other doses. Conclusion: MERIV interfere with the
peripheral and central neurotransmission in vertebrates, probably by altering the cholinergic
neurotransmission, confirming its biological potential.
Financial Support: Edital de Toxinologia CAPES 063/2010, PRONEM /FAPERGS/CNPq
003/2011.
Key words: Toad venom; Acetylcholinesterase; neurotoxicity.
FINAL PROGRAM
ABSTRACTS
SESSION: NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Introduction: Anesthetics are used in aquaculture to improve animal welfare and natural products are good
sources for the discovery of new drugs. The monoterpene thymol and carvacrol are present in several aromatic
plants and their depressant activities in the central nervous system have been evidenced in rodents. Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thymol and carvacrol have sedative and / or anesthetic effect in
silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Methods: Fish (n = 6 / concentration and compound) (12.84 0.34 g, 10.5
0.22 cm) were exposed to 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/L thymol or carvacrol, in a 1 L aquarium. The observation
occurred until the animals reached deep anesthesia stage (fish does not respond to any external stimulus) or
maximum time of 30 min. After, they were placed in anesthetic-free aquaria until complete recovery (total
swimming capacity and response to stimulation with glass rod in the aquarium bottom) or maximum time of
30 min. Survival was assessed 48 h after the experiment. The protocol was approved by the Ethics and Animal
Welfare Committee of the Federal University of Santa Maria (Process No. 074/2014). Results: Regression
analysis showed a concentration-response relationship for thymol and carvacrol in all stages of anesthetic
induction but not for recovery. Thymol and carvacrol were sedatives with 25 mg L -1 (611.00 37.65 s and
352.33 22.56 s, respectively) and carvacrol was significantly faster at induction. Deep anesthesia was
produced with 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1 (thymol: 491.50 10.49 s, 373.33 15.85 s, 170.00 11.87 s and
carvacrol: 524.67 36.09 s, 386.33 9.26 s, 299.17 13.42 s, respectively). Thymol 100 mg L -1 was
significantly faster in inducing anesthesia. Recovery times were: 1649.00 47.78 s, 919.67 122.55 s and
1375.67 150.86 s for 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1 thymol, respectively and 1580.83 81.69 s for 50 mg L-1 carvacrol.
The other concentrations had recovery time above 30 min. Carvacrol caused 50, 33, 33 and 16% of mortality
at 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1, respectively. Involuntary muscular contractions were observed in animals
exposed to carvacrol and to thymol, with less intensity. Conclusion: Thymol and carvacrol were effective in
anesthetizing silver catfish, but the use of carvacrol for this purpose is not recommended because of the
mortality induced after recovery.
Financial Support: CNPq and CAPES.
Key words: anesthetic; monoterpenes; fish.
Introduction: Practices performed in aquaculture as eggs extrusion, biometry and transport expose
fish to intense stress, resulting in damage to the animals health. To minimize the stress effects
anesthetics can be used to reduce fish motility and protect vital functions. However, synthetic
anesthetics can cause adverse effects, so there is an interest in natural anesthetics with low toxicity
and good economic viability, as essential oils (EO) extracted from plants. Objective: The aim of this
study was to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of EOs of Aloysia triphylla and Lippia alba in
Serrasalmus rhombeus from the Rio Negro, Amazon (AM). Methods: Specimens of S. rhombeus
(14. 9 0. 51 cm) were collected during an expedition to Anavilhanas Islands of the Negro River,
AM. Fish were transferred individually to aquaria containing 2L of water with the A. triphylla and L.
alba EOs at 50, 100 or 150 L L-1 and 50, 100 or 200 L L-1, respectively. The EOs were first diluted
in ethanol at a proportion of 1:10. Time for anesthesia induction and recovery were evaluated. The
maximum observation time was 15 min. Control experiments were performed using aquaria
containing water and ethanol at a concentration equivalent to the highest dilution (1800 L L-1). After
induction of anesthesia, fish were transferred to a tank containing anesthetic-free water to evaluate
the recovery time. Results: Fish exposed to 150 and 200 L L-1 of A. triphylla and L. alba EOs,
respectively, showed anesthetic induction time lower than 3 min and recovery time was lower than
10 min at all concentrations tested. Concentrations of 50 L L-1 of both EOs caused only sedation.
Conclusion: These results demonstrated that both EOs were effective for anesthesia of S. rhombeus.
Financial Support: CAPES, ADAPTA (CNPq-FAPEAM).
Key words: anesthesia; essential oils; recovery.
Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia is a common side effect in patients with long-term typical antipsychotic
medication and vacuous chewing movements model induced by haloperidol has been used to study the
abnormalities in animals. Its cause remains unclear, but several lines of evidence suggest that the dopamine
receptor supersensitivity and gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) insufficiency play an important role in the
development of the disorder. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment of
the GABA-mimetic drug gabapentin on the development of haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements
(VCMs). Methods: Male mice received the vehicle, haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg) or gabapentin (GBP, 100 mg/kg)
intraperitoneally during 28 consecutive days. Vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) quantification was
evaluated before the treatment (baseline) and on day 28 as well as open-field activity on the 28th day of the
treatment. After the behavioral test, on day 28, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation and the striatum
were separated to determine tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and glutamic acid
decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity by western blot analyses. Data are expressed as meanstandard error
of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis of data was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
followed by Tukeys post hoc test. Statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05 or less. The protocols were
previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of Santa Maria under
process number 4562031214/2015. Results: The administration of gabapentin prevented the manifestation of
haloperidol-induced VCMs. Treatment with haloperidol reduced locomotor activity in the open-field test
which was reversed by gabapentin. We did not find any difference among the groups when tyrosine
hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity
parameters in the striatum were evaluated. Conclusion: These results suggest that the treatment with
gabapentin, an analog of GABA, can attenuate the VCMs induced by haloperidol in mice.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERGS.
Key words: tardive dyskinesia; locomotor activity; glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Introduction: Opioid analgesics are intensely used to alleviate acute and chronic pain, presenting high
addictive potential and its improper use may be related to addiction, tolerance and withdrawal syndrome.
Considering the high consumption of processed foods, interesterified fat (IF) has been used in replacement to
trans fat since it causes deleterious health effects and may harm nervous system functions modifying addiction
parameters. Objective: So far, no studies reported the influence of IF consumption on neuronal function,
specially involving the opioid system and morphine, which became the aim of this study. Methods: Wistar
rats were supplemented with soybean oil (SO) or IF during gestation, lactation and postweaning periods until
pups adolescence. On postnatal day 39, animals were injected with morphine (4mg/Kg i.p.) in a conditioned
place preference (CPP) paradigm. After the morphine-CPP test, anxiety-like symptoms, and thermal sensibility
were evaluated, in elevated-plus maze (EPM) and hot plate test, respectively. Hippocampus and spinal cord
were used for molecular markers assessments. The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics
Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of Santa Maria (n041235/2016). Results SO group
showed morphine preference during drug withdrawal while IF group showed no preference or withdrawal
symptoms, presenting higher sensitivity than SO group to thermal stimuli. In addition, morphine conditioning
increased dopamine D1 receptor and N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of
SO group, while these molecular changes were not observed in IF group. Independently of morphine
conditioning, IF group showed increased kappa opioid receptors immunoreactivity in the spinal cord, which
also showed a negative correlation with thermal sensibility. Conclusion: We concluded that chronic
consumption of foods rich in IF can affect neurotransmission resulting in loss of the rewarding effects induced
by morphine administration in rats. This study contributes to a related warning to public health since it is
showing the harmful influence of IF on dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, which are
confirmed by molecular markers, so affecting rewards system related to opioid activation.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: fatty acids; developmental periods; conditioned place preference.
Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
(PUCRS) Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
2
Dpartement de Biologie, ENS Lyon Lyon France.
Introduction: Social recognition memory (SRM) is crucial to form social groups and for species survival.
Objective: We examined the participation dopaminergic, noradrenergic and histaminergic systems into CA1
region of the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) on SRM consolidation. Methods:
Male Wistar rats (3 months old) were bilaterally implanted with guide cannulae in CA1 or BLA. 7 days after
rehabilitation and 4 days of habituation (20 min session) in an open-field arena, animals underwent a training
session of social discrimination paradigm, which consists in exposure to a juvenile co-specific (21 days old)
for 1 hour. 24 hours after, animals were placed again in the same arena with familiar (F) juvenile and a second
juvenile (novel, N) for 5 min (test session). Microinjections into CA1 (1.0 L) or into BLA (0.5 L) were
carried out immediately after a training session. Protocols were previously approved by the Ethics Commission
on Animal Use of PUCRS, process number: 13/00363. Results: Animals treated with protein synthesis
inhibitor, anisomycin into either CA1, p<0.05 (time spent by Vehicle-treated animals exploring the new
juvenile during test session, t Veh-N vs. time spent by Anisomycin-treated animals exploring the new juvenile
during test session, t Ani-N), or BLA, p<0.001 (Veh-N vs. Ani-N), were not able to recognize familiar juvenile
during retention test. When infused into CA1, -adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol (10.0 g/side), p<0.05
(Veh-N vs. Iso-N), D1/D5 dopaminergic receptor antagonist, SCH23390 (1.50 g/side), p<0.01 (Veh-N vs.
SCH-N) and H2 histaminergic receptor antagonist, ranitidine (17.5 g/side), p<0.05 (Veh-N vs. Rani-N in
CA1), and when infused into BLA, -adrenoceptor antagonist, timolol (1.0 g/side), p<0.05 (Veh-N vs. TimN), D1/D5 dopamine receptor agonist, SKF38393 (12.5 g/side), p<0.05 (Veh-N vs. SKF-N), and H2
histaminergic receptor antagonist, ranitidine (17.5 g/side) also hindered recognition of familiar juvenile 24
hours later. In all cases, the impairment was abolished by co-infusion of agonist plus antagonist. Conclusion:
The both CA1 and BLA play fundamental roles in the consolidation of SRM, but these roles are different in
each structure depending on the involvement of receptors therein.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES.
Key words: social memory; basolateral amygdala; hippocampus.
Introduction: Since the average human life expectancy has increased, we can observe the impact of
ageing and age-related disease on our society, especially in developing countries. Estimations pointed
that by the year 2050 there will be about two million elderly people (sixty years or more). Today, in
Brazil, it is estimated the existence of 17.6 million of seniors. The increase in the number of elderly
people has increased the interest to understand the pathway of aging-related diseases. Studies report
that the genes linked to aging are related to cellular processes such as cell survival, cell cycle
regulation and others biochemical processes. Recent data show that pleiotropic genes are responsible
to increase aging process. Serotonin (5-HT) is a pleiotropic molecule that exerts several functions on
brain and peripheral tissues via different receptors. Among these receptors, 5-HT2A has an important
role in body physiology. 5-HT2A gene presents some variations such as T102C single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) that has been associated with risk of neuropsychiatric and vascular disorders.
Objective: This study investigated the potential impact of 5-HT2A imbalance caused by genetic
variations on human lifespan in Amazon riparian elderly. Methods: The study consisted in a
prospective study in Amazon riparian elderly free-living in Maus city, AM-Brazil during a period
of 5-years. Elderly (> 60 years old) of the Family Health Strategy Program (FHS-SUS) of Maus
(AM) were invited to participate. Blood collection and samples were packed to genotyping for the
T102 polymorphism 5-HT2A byPCR -RFLP. From 637 subjects included in July 2009 cohort, we
genotyped 471 (male=209; female =262 (55.6%) with 72.3 7.8 years old (60-100). Results: The
T102C-SNP genotypes frequency was TT= 14.0% (n=66); CC= 28.0% (n=132) and CT= 58.0%
(n=273); allelic frequency was C= 0.577 and T= 0.423. From 80 elderly that died in the period
investigated we verified a higher number of dead TT-carriers (27.3%) and CC carriers (21.2%) when
compared to heterozygous carriers (CT= 12.5%). Cox-regression analysis showed that association
between T102C-SNP and elderly survival was independent of age, sex and other health variables.
Conclusion: The results suggest that imbalance of 5-HT2A increases the mortality risk after 60 years
old.
Financial Support: FAPERGS/CNPq
Key words: Serotonergic system; mortality risk; behavior.
Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs are used in the long-term treatment of psychiatric patients and, studies
show that these drugs increase the risk of diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus type II and
insulin resistance among other metabolic disorders. Some plants have an anti-inflammatory action such as
guaran (Paullinia cupana), fruit that contains as main compounds of its chemical matrix caffeine, catechin
and theobromine. Objective: To evaluate in vitro the inflammatory effect of antipsychotics and the possible
effect of reversion of inflammation by the compounds of the chemical matrix of guaran. Methods: RAW
264.7 cells cultured under adequate and controlled conditions were treated with olanzapine, quetiapine,
ziprazidone isolated and in association with the compounds of the guaran chemical matrix: caffeine, catechin
and theobromine and with the 3 compounds in association. After treatment the cells were incubated for 24 and
72 hours. The evaluation was carried out, thus evaluating the rate of cell proliferation through MTT (3- [4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolic bromide) and the labeling with propidium iodide via the cell
cycle. Results: All antipsychotics tested induced increased cell proliferation when compared to the control
group. However, when the cells were activated with the antipsychotics and treated with the guaran
compounds, they showed a decrease in inflammation /proliferation at levels similar to the control group.
Conclusion: The antipsychotics showed an increase in the cellular proliferation, indicative of inflammation,
when the cells were exposed to the guaran compounds, there was a reversion of this inflammatory effect.
Further studies need to be performed to confirm our results, as this would be an initial step for further studies
in order to make them a therapeutic option concomitant with traditional treatment.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: Guaran; inflammation; antipsychotic.
Introduction: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors reduce prostaglandins synthesis, and play a significant
role in inflammation and fever. In the past decades, research has been focused on the use of COX-2 inhibitors
and the inflammatory process in the central nervous system. However, there is a dispute regarding the role of
COX-2 in acute and chronic seizures. Some studies have shown that COX-2 inhibition decreases seizures,
while others have reported that it may facilitate convulsive episodes. Objective: Thus, considering the current
discrepancy regarding the pro- and anticonvulsant effect of COX-2 inhibitors, and the use of different drugs,
the aim of the current study was to investigate whether chronic administration of nimesulide, celecoxib and
etoricoxib alter seizures in mice. Methods: Adult male Swiss mice received vehicle (0.1%
carboxymethylcellulose plus 5% Tween 80, p.o.), nimesulide, celecoxib or etoricoxib (0.2, 2 or 20 mg/kg,
p.o.), daily for 14 successive days. On the 15th day mice were challenged with PTZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.). After
PTZ administration animals were monitored for 20 minutes for the appearance of myoclonic jerks, generalized
tonic-clonic seizures, number of seizure episodes, total time spent seizing and Racine scale score. The
protocols were previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of
Santa Maria under process number 024/2014. Results: The administration of nimesulide and etoricoxib
significantly increased the latency to PTZ-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures. However, celecoxib
significantly decreased the latency to PTZ-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Furthermore, nimesulide
significantly decreased total time spent seizing, but did not alter the latency to PTZ-induced myoclonic jerks,
number of seizure episodes and Racine scale score. Nevertheless, etoricoxib and celecoxib did not alter the
latency to PTZ-induced myoclonic jerks, number of seizure episodes, total time spent seizing and Racine scale
score. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on seizures may vary depending on
the drug and dose administration. Such a discrepancy between the effects of COX-2 inhibitors may be due to
differential COX-2 selectivity, putative interaction with other targets or pharmacokinetic issues.
Financial Support: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERGS, PRPGP/UFSM, PIBIC/UFSM.
Key words: seizure, nimesulide; celecoxib; etoricoxib; neuroinflammation.
MODAFINIL DURING ADOLESCENCE MODIFIES AMPHETAMINECONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN YOUNG ADULT RATS
Vernica Tironi Dias1, Higor Zuqueto Rosa3, Lvia Ferraz Davila1, Luciana Taschetto
Vey2, Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos1, Marilise Escobar Burger1,2,3
1
Introduction: Addiction is a serious health problem leading to social impairments in general. The adolescent
period of development plays a significant role in drug abuse liability. In view of that, the misuse of
psychostimulants drugs, such as modafinil (MOD), mainly because of common use between healthy subjects
that want prolonged wake state and improvements in cognition contribute to the indiscriminate use. Along
with that, there is still limited knowledge about MOD neural mechanism of action. Objective: The present
study aims to investigate the effects of MOD administration in adolescent rats on conditioned place preference
(CPP) to amphetamine (AMPH) in young adulthood. Also, we evaluate the oxidative status and the D1R
immunoreactivity of hippocampus. Methods: 28 Wistar male rats (PND21) were acclimated and received
MOD (64mg/kg p.o., once a day) during 14 days (PND 28-42), these animals were not perturbed until young
adulthood. At PND 60 they were submitted to AMPH-CPP protocol lasting 8 days. After behavioral evaluation,
the animals were euthanized (under anesthesia) and the hippocampus was dissected for analysis. Results:
MOD interestingly decreased AMPH-CPP. MOD per se decreased reactive species (RS) generation and after
AMPH exposure RS levels were lower than AMPH group. Also, MOD restored catalase (CAT) activity AMPH
impaired. Besides that MOD per se has no influences on D1R levels and after AMPH exposure decreased D1R
levels. Conclusion: So far, our initial hypothesis was not confirmed. The animals that received MOD during
adolescence showed reduced AMPH-CPP in young adulthood. Also, MOD improved oxidative status, thus it
was able to modulate D1R levels in hippocampus. These unexpected MOD behavioral effects on CPP could
be related to the stable hippocampal oxidative status without alterations on D1R immunoreactivity, although,
further studies are necessary.
Financial Support: CAPES, PROAP/ PRPGP (UFSM).
Key words: addiction; oxidative stress; dopamine receptor D1.
FINAL PROGRAM
ABSTRACTS
Introduction: Ureases are metalloenzymes witch hydrolyze urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.These
compounds are synthesized by many organisms and have been characterized as natural insecticides. The
entomotoxic activity of the urease of Canavalia ensiformis (Jack Bean Urease, JBU) has been proved, although
the exact mechanism of action is still a matter of debate. Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate
the mechanisms involved in the entomotoxic activity of JBU over the central nervous system of Nauphoeta
cinerea cockroaches, using the grooming behavior analysis. Methods: N. cinerea (Olivier) of both sexes, were
reared at 23-26C, with water and dog chow ad libitum. Grooming activity was measured and analyzed as
described elsewhere (Sturmer et al. 2014, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 109:56-62). Data were expressed as the
mean S.E.M of the total number of leg and antenna groomings in seconds/30min. Treatments (10l) were
administered at the third abdominal segment of the cockroach, with a Hamilton syringe. Significances were
taken at p<0.05, by the Student "t" test. In control parameters the values of leg grooming was 150 5s/ 30min
and for antennae 70 8s/ 30min (n = 30), respectively. Results: When JBU (1.5, 3 and 6 g/g of animal) was
administered, there was a dose-dependent alteration in the grooming activity. Thus, at 1.5 g/g of animal
weight JBU, no alteration in the grooming activity was observed (n = 30). When 3 g/g JBU was assayed,
there was an increase in the grooming activity to 253 30s for the legs (p<0.05), without any significative
change in the antennae behavior (57 7s/30min), n=30 respectively. At 6 g/g JBU, there was a further increase
in the leg grooming activity to 364 23s/30min (p<0.05), without any modulation of the antennae counterpart
(80 9s/30min), n=30 respectively. The previous treatment of the animals with phentolamine (5uM), a
selective octopamine receptor blocker, prevented significantly the increase of the leg grooming activity (6 g/g
JBU, 55 9s/30min, n=28, p<0.05). Conclusion: The entomotoxic activity of Jack Bean Urease involves a
modulation of the insect grooming behavior. The increase of leg grooming activity, together with the inhibition
of this activity by phentolanine, suggests an octopamine-related mechanism by the urease entomotoxic activity.
Financial Support: Edital Toxinologia 063/2010 CAPES.
Key words: Natural Insecticides; Jack Bean Urease; Insect Behavior.
Introduction: Tiger nut and walnut have been used in folklore medicine in the management/prevention of
erectile dysfunction (ED) without scientific basis. Also, some pathological states have been linked to ED which
includes hypertension, diabetes and other degenerative diseases. These nuts can be eaten either as raw or in
processed form (roasted or cooked). Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of dietary
supplementation of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum Mll. Arg.) on
sexual behavior, hormonal level and antioxidant status in normal adult male rats. Methods: The animals (male
and female) were divided into five groups of eight animals (n = 8). The male rats were grouped as follows:
Group 1 normal control rats, fed with basal diet; Group 2 rats fed basal diet plus 10% processed tiger nut;
Group 3 rats fed diet supplemented with 10% raw tiger nut; Group 4 rats fed diet supplemented with 10%
processed walnut; Group 5 - rats fed diet supplemented with 10% raw walnut. Daily feed intake was monitored.
The experiment lasted 14 days after which the male and female animals were subjected to sexual (male paired
with female) and anxiety (male) behavioral studies. Sexual behaviors were monitored in a separate room for
1h in a clear plastic box (60 60 80 cm) and elevated plus maze (anxiety) which was recorded by digital
video recording and analysed. The male rats were euthanized with isoflurane, their blood collected for serum
preparation followed by determination of sex hormone levels, enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. The
protocols were previously approved by the Ethical Committee on Animal Use of the Federal University of
Technology, Akure. Results: The groups with supplemented diet containing tiger nut and walnut showed
significantly increased sexual behavior, hormone levels and antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results
suggest the potential ability of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum
Mll. Arg.) to promote erectile function and be useful functional foods for both animal and human nutrition.
Financial Support: None.
Key words: functional food; sexual behavior; erectile function.
Introduction: One of the most common phenomena in brain diseases is the lack of brain oxygenation.
Thus, our group began the study on new therapeutic approach in hypoxia-related diseases. The preconditioning
(PC) under low O2 levels has been studied as therapy for the treatment of hypoxia. Objectives: Thus, we
measured the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in different tissues (brain and blood) post-PC in order
to study the effect of this treatment to understand the mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance. Methods: To induce
the PC, adult zebrafish were placed in a glass chamber to reduce the O2 levels by addition of nitrogen gas. The
O2 was kept at a low level (1.8 mg/L for 10 minutes) in the severe PC group and between 3.5-4.0 mg/L for 2
h in the moderate PC group. After PC the animals were separated into different groups for recovery under
normoxia (~8.0 mg/L) at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72h. Next, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized for brain
dissection and blood collection, to evaluate the LDH activity. Results: LDH activity in the brain was increase
in animals exposed to severe PC at 6, 12 and 24h. There was no difference in LDH activity in the blood between
groups. The animals exposed to moderate PC showed an increase in the brain LDH activity after 12 and 24h
and in the blood after 12, 24, 48 and 72h. Conclusions: The increased brain LDH activity may be related to
the high brain energetic demand. The increased LDH activity in the blood in animals exposed to moderate PC
could be attributed to the longer period of PC (2h rather than 10min). Therefore different mechanisms of
tolerance to hypoxia could be involved in the two distinct PC conditions that should be further explored.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: lactate dehydrogenase; preconditioning.
Introduction: Aflatoxins (AF) represent an important group of harmful mycotoxins commonly found as
contaminants in grains and peanuts. Food contamination by AF continues to be a significant public health
problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is not only the most toxic but
also the most abundant of aflatoxins. Many researches clarified the peripheral effects of the exposition to
AFB1, however, there are few studies explaining their effects on central nervous system. Objective: evaluate
the acute effects on behavior caused by the oral administration of AFB1. Methods: Young male Wistar rats
received a single administration of AFB1 (250 g/kg/i.g.) and 48h after they were submitted to behavioral
analysis: open-field test, novel object recognition, forced swim test, taste preference test, elevated plus maze.
The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University
of Santa Maria under process number 093/2014. Results: Mycotoxin in this protocol was not able to modify
the behavior of the animals when compared to the control group, and the primary damage is probably signaled
by biochemical and non-behavioral mechanisms. Conclusion: In this acute protocol AFB1 did not induce any
behavioral change.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: mycotoxin; behavioral analysis; Food contamination; rat.
Introduction: For decades, a beneficial relationship between physical exercise and central nervous system
metabolism has been demonstrated, after a single session of aerobic exercise performed at moderate intensity,
improvements in the performance of different cognitive tasks such as processing speed, selective attention and
short-term memory are observated. It has recently been demonstrated that the brain is responsive to physical
activity, that is, it has potential in the prevention and treatment of traumatic brain damage, as well as in
neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease, in addition, studies
support that many of these changes occur in specific areas of important brain functions such as long-term
memory and prevention of cognitive decline during aging. The regularity of the practice of physical activities,
for example, benefits individuals with Parkinson's disease, having an important role to soften or delay the onset
of symptoms, guaranteeing some independence for those affected; Mainly aerobic physical exercise is
beneficial for PD patients, because it reduces symptoms such as bradykinesia, hypokinesia and gait disorders,
being an important tool in the aid of drug therapy. Physical exercise may interfere with cognitive performance
for a number of reasons, such as increased levels of neurotransmitters and changes in brain structures, cognitive
improvement observed in individuals with mental impairment, and limited improvement in elderly individuals,
due to lower mental and attentional flexibility. In addition, chronic stress can lead to constant high levels of
cortisol in the blood, which in addition to interfering with increased appetite and depression of the immune
system, can cause sleep disturbances, loss of libido, elevate heart rate, blood pressure and levels of fat in the
blood. Objective: To describe the cerebral repercussion and the benefits of physical exercise in the cognition
of people with and without neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: A bibliographic review was done from the
year 2006 to 2014 in order to approach characteristics described by several authors on a subject of great
importance. Conclusion: Individuals with and without neurodegenerative diseases should perform a daily
routine of physical exercise to avoid a series of negative repercussions in the brain, as well as help in the
prevention of numerous diseases.
Financial Support: None.
Introduction: Brazil is one of the largest consumers of herbicides in the world, including paraquat (dichloride
1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridine, PQ). PQ can enter the central nervous system causing a selective destruction of
dopaminergic neurons, changing the operation of enzymes involved in dopamine metabolism, which may be
directly associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Therefore,
a selenium (SE) supplementation can be used as a strategy to prevent the oxidative damage caused by PQ. SE
has antioxidant and neuroprotective activities playing an important role in the proper functioning of cells
because it is an essential micronutrient for maintaining normal brain function in vertebrates. SE
supplementation can prevent motor and non-motor disorders as cognitive decline, mood disorders, and
functional deficits in several neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To investigate whether Na2SeO3 dietary
prevents behavioral changes triggered by PQ in zebrafish. Methods: In this experiment, the fish were
pretreated with a diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg Na2SeO3 for 21 days. Fish were further subdivided in four
experimental groups: control group (CT), paraquat group (PQ), Na2SeO3 group (SE) and selenium + paraquat
group (SE+PQ). PQ (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, totalizing 6 injections for 16 days. The
behavioral tests were performed 24 hour after the last injection. Results: In the novel tank test, Na2SeO3 diet
prevented the locomotor impairments, as well as the increased the time spent in top area of tank, and the
exacerbation of freezing episodes. In the preference for conspecifics and in the mirror-induced-aggression
(MIA) tasks, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in the latency to enter the area closer to conspecifics and the
agonistic behavior of PQ-treated animals, respectively. Conclusion: The Na2SeO3 dietary prevented
behavioral changes triggered by PQ in zebrafish because it modulates anxiety- and aggressive-like phenotypes
in zebrafish.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: Selenium; Zebrafish; Behavioral; Parkinsons disease.
Introduction: Essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba and Aloysia triphylla are known for their anesthetic
properties. Most conventional anesthetics used in fish are considered to be aversive to these animals when used
at 50% of the anesthetic concentration. Objective: Determine whether these EOs are aversive to fish and
whether they possess anxiolytic or anxiogenic properties. Methods: Zebrafish (Danio rerio; n = 60) seven
months old (3.6 0.4 cm, 0.58 0.1 g) and five months old silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; n = 60) juveniles
(8 2 cm, 7 2 g) were used. Fish were subjected to a preference test in an apparatus with two water pumps
generating two laminar flows without the liquids mixing. The fish could choose to remain on the side
containing the substance (EO from L. alba or A. triphylla) or the side containing pure water. In this apparatus,
fish were individually filmed for 2 min and 30 s in the pre-flow period (pumps off) and for 2 min and 30 s in
the flow period (pumps on). There was a control with water on both sides of the apparatus and a positive
(aversive) control with pH 3, obtained with the addition of trichloroacetic acid in the water, on one side of the
apparatus. The fish pre-exposed to the substances were immediately transported to the aquarium of experiment
2 (new tank test), where they remained in pure water and were filmed for 6 min. The videos were analyzed
using ANY-maze software. Results: During the flow period, silver catfish and zebrafish remained longer on
the side containing water relative to the side containing pH 3 solution (positive control), demonstrating an
aversion behavior. The other groups showed no significant difference in length of stay on either side. Silver
catfish and zebrafish pre-exposed to the two EOs remained longer in the upper zone of the aquarium,
demonstrating an anxiolytic effect. Silver catfish pre-exposed to the L. alba EO demonstrated higher values of
distance traveled, mean speed, crossings and entries in the upper zone compared to the control group. Zebrafish
pre-exposed to the two EOs showed higher values of distance traveled, mean speed, crossings and entries in
the upper zone compared to the control group. Conclusion: EOs of L. alba and A. triphylla, when used at 50%
of the anesthetic concentration, have anxiolytic effect in zebrafish and silver catfish, without altering the
locomotor patterns nor inducing aversive behavior.
Financial Support: CNPq.
Key words: anesthetics; phytotherapics; anxiolytic.
Introduction: By definition, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is classified as a change in brain function caused by
the application of an external force and represents a global public health problem. In this context, recurrent
and low to medium gravity TBIs are called concussions. As a consequence of these concussions, some
behavioral changes may occur due to the unrestricted movement of the head that causes the brain to move
within the skull. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the exploratory activity of young rats
submitted to recurrent concussions. Methods: Wistar rats were used at thirty-five days. The animals were
submitted to seven concussions with intervals of twenty four hours each. Weight Drop was used as the TCE
model. Seventy-two hours after the last concussion, the animals were submitted to the open field test, the
parameters of crosses and elevations made by the animal were evaluated. Thirty-two days after the last
concussion, the animals were reevaluated with the same test. The animals were kept in a light / dark cycle of
12 hours with water and food ad libitum. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal
University of Santa Maria through the process number 3740020616. Results: The results obtained show that
the concussions did not cause statistical differences in the cross-over parameter, nor in elevations between the
control and concussion groups. Conclusion: These data suggest than our recurrent concussion model did not
induce an increase in exploratory activity in young rats.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: concussion; behavior; mild traumatic brain injury.
Introduction: Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is a classic convulsant widely used in the search for novel
anticonvulsants. Studies demonstrated that PTZ induces seizures in experimental models like zebrafish and
rats, but, to our knowledge there is no studies about the interaction of PTZ with cockroaches. Therefore, it is
important to evaluate the cockroaches behavior after exposure to PTZ. Objective: The aim of this study was
to evaluate cockroaches behavior after PTZ exposure to search for alternative models to study seizure-like
behavior. Methods: The cockroaches were separated into six groups: Saline 1 (1 l/cockroach), Saline 2 (2
l/cockroach), DMSO 1 (1 l/cockroach), DMSO 2 (2 l/cockroach), PTZ 1 (1 mol/lL/cockroach) and PTZ
2 (2 mol/2l/cockroach). The drug was injected into the cockroaches head after cryoanaesthesia (10 minutes
in the ice). Thirty cockroaches were used in each group and they were observed during 60 minutes. Parameters
such as normal behavior, erratic movements, seizure-like behavior and loss of posture were evaluated.
Mortality of cockroaches was followed for ten days. Results: No significant difference was observed in
mortality of cockroaches. None of the cockroaches exposed to Saline (1 and 2) and DMSO (1 and 2) exhibited
seizures-like behavior. However, the cockroaches from DMSO 2 exhibited erratic movements. Regarding to
PTZ exposure, 80% and 100% of the cocroaches exposed to PTZ 1 and PTZ 2, respectively, exhibited seizures,
the main sign was loss of posture and erratic movements. Conclusion: These results suggest that the two PTZ
concentrations tested caused a seizure-like behavior and further studies are needed to determine the
participation of GABA receptors in the process by administration of GABA agonists.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: cockroaches; behavior; seizures.
Introduction: The use of vegetable oils has increased in the pharmaceutical field due to their biological
potential, which can improve the therapeutic effect of drugs. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has been attracted
interest due to its anti-inflammatory property. Nanoemulsions (NEs) present advantages including tailoring of
drug release, increase gastrointestinal distribution and protection of fragile drugs. Objective: This study aimed
to develop PSO based NEs loaded with ketoprofen (KP) to propose a new alternative for pain and inflammation
management. Methods: PSO NEs were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method employing PSO
at 3.0 % and KP at 1 mg/mL. NEs were characterized by pH, droplet sizes, polydispersity, zeta potential, drug
content and encapsulation efficiency. To performed the in vivo experiments (Ethical Research Committee
#041/2014) male adult Swiss mice (2535 g) were randomly assigned into different groups. The
antinociceptive effect was evaluated by the acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions after intraperitoneal
injection (1.6%, 10 mL/Kg). The animals were placed individually in separate cages and the abdominal
constrictions were counted cumulatively over a period of 20 min. A model of inflammatory persistent pain
induced by the intraplantar injection of Complete Freuds Adjuvant (CFA) was also performed. The evaluation
of mechanical allodynia testing at the Von Frey Hair filaments was conducted. The free KP (FKP), dissolved
in a saline dispersion of Tween 80 1%, and NEs were administered by the intragastric route in a single
administration and in a constant volume of 10 mL/Kg. The dose- and time response curves were conducted to
each test. By statistical analyses, p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: NEs
presented characteristics compatible with nanostructured systems for drug delivery. By acid acetic test FKP
(10 mg/Kg) triggered antinociceptive action at 0.5 h and remained significant up to 2 h. NEs started the effect
at 0.5 h and kept up to 12 h. The dose-response curve showed that 5, 1 and 0.5 mg/Kg FKP significantly
reduced the number of writhes whereas NEs showed effect at 5 and 1 mg/Kg. CFA test showed that the FKP
(10 mg/Kg, i.g.) reduced the mechanical allodynia at 0.5 h and remaining significant up to 6 h. NEs (10 mg/Kg,
i.g) reduced the mechanical response stimulus from 0.5 h up to 10 h. Dose-response curves showed that FKP
and NEs also presented antiallodynic effect at 5 mg/Kg. Conclusion: Nanoemulsions prolonged the KP
antinociceptive effect, demonstrating an improvement of its pharmacological activity.
Financial Support: CAPES.
Key words: pomegranate seed oil; nanoemulsions; antinociceptive activity.
Introduction: Typical antipsychotics are the most prescribed worldwide drugs to treat mental disorders, whose
use is related to motor disturbances and worsening cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. Magnesium
(Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation in the body and plays important physiological functions
such as enzymes cofactor, synaptic plasticity and modulation of antioxidant defenses. Several studies have
shown that the increasing Mg level in the brain is important to regulation of synaptic plasticity and enhance
cognitive functions. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Mg supplementation
on cognitive deficits induced by haloperidol using the y-maze task. Methods: Twenty-four rats that were
designated to four experimental groups (n = 6) received haloperidol injection (H and MgH group 12
mg/Kg/mL) or vehicle (C and Mg groups), once a week for four weeks. Concomitantly, animals were orally
supplemented with magnesium aspartate (Mg and MgH groups 40 mg/Kg/mL) or deionized water (C and H
groups). Seven days after the last H administration, animals were submitted to y-maze behavioral paradigm
(for 5 min) for evaluations of sequence and total number of arms entered and percentage alternation score. All
behavioral measures were assessed using the ANY-MazeTM software. Results: Haloperidol administration
reduced both total arms entries and % of alternation. Although Mg supplementation did not alter the reduced
total arms entries it significantly exerted protection on the % of reduction of alternation induced by haloperidol.
Conclusion: These data confirm the deleterious effects of haloperidol treatment on memory functions,
suggesting that Mg supplementation could be used as supporting therapy in the antipsychotic treatment, thus
reducing these side effects.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: magnesium supplementation; cognitive deficits; haloperidol.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint pain which
reduces the life quality of affected individuals. Therapeutic tools used for the treatment of inflammatory pain
usually are associated with several undesirable effects. Thus, the search for most effective and safer drugs is
necessary. Buddleja thyrsoides Lam (EBBt), known as barbasco or cambara, is popularly used in several
disorders including antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Objective: We investigated the
antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of the oral treatment from the EBBt in a model of arthritic pain.
Methods: Were used male adult mice (25-35 g) (CEUA n1259221015/2016). For induction of arthritic pain
model, the animals received an intraplantar CFA injection (20 L, i.pl.) and after 48 hours they were orally
treated with EBBt (30-300 mg/kg) or vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.). The mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia
and edema were evaluated by filaments von Frey, Hargreaves test and digital micrometer, respectively. To
assess if EBBt reduces the leukocyte infiltration CFA-induced, was measured MPO activity (marker for
neutrophils), NAGase activity (marker for macrophages), and it was verified histological changes in the plantar
tissue. Moreover, it was also evaluated if EBBt cause adverse effects. Results: The EBBt oral treatment
reversed the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CFA with maximum inhibition (Imax)
of 696% and 7815%, respectively. On the other hand, EBBt was unable to alter the paw edema. The EBBt
neither alter the MPO and NAGase activity nor inhibit the CFA-induced cellular infiltration. Finally, the oral
treatment was unable to cause adverse effects such as alter the body temperature, motor performance and
biochemical parameters or induced gastric lesions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the treatment oral
of EBBt has antinociceptive but not anti-inflammatory effect in an arthritic pain model and could be used to
treat arthritic pain.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES and FIT BIT.
Key words: Barbasco; Cambara; nociception; pain; arthritis.
Introduction: Fumonisins are mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium spp. mold, which constitutes a major
public health issue because of its worldwide distribution and diversity of toxic effects. While the liver and
kidney are considered the major target organs of fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxicity in several species, evidence
indicates that FB1 may be toxic to the brain. In addition, this mycotoxin is related to several damages to human
and animal health, among them neurodegenerative processes and development of depressive and anxiety
behavior. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral effects caused by FB1
exposure in mice. Methods: Male mice C57BL/6J (20-30g) received four administrations of FB1 (8 mg/kg,
i.p., 10 ml/kg, 1x/day) or its vehicle (0.9% NaCl e DMSO 1.6%, i.p., 10 ml/kg) and after the last administration
behavioral analyses were performed. We tested the animals on open field test, object recognition and nest
construction. The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics Commission on Animal Use of the Federal
University of Santa Maria under process number n 6775010416. Results: FB1 does not alter the number of
crossings, rearings and time spent in periphery, neither the recognition index observed in the object recognition
test. However, an increase in anxiety of the animals that received FB1 was observed in nest construction score.
Conclusion: These data suggest that repeated exposure to FB1 increases anxiety in animals without any
alterations on locomotor and exploratory activites.
Financial Support: CNPq, FAPERGS.
Key words: mycotoxin; behavior; exploratory activity; anxiety.
Introduction: Taurine (TAU) is an amino sulfonic acid with several functions in central nervous system.
Mounting evidence suggests that it acts in osmoregulation, neuromodulation and as an inhibitory
neurotransmitter. However, the effects of TAU on behavioral functions, especially on anxiety-related
parameters, are limited. The adult zebrafish is a suitable model organism to examine anxiety-like behaviors
since it presents neurotransmitter systems and behavioral functions evolutionary conserved. Anxiety in
zebrafish can be measured by different tasks, analyzing the habituation to novelty, as well as the response to
brightly lit environments. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute TAU treatment
alters anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish using the novel tank and the light-dark tests. Methods: Fish were
individually treated with TAU (42, 150, and 400 mg/L) directly added the tank water for 1h and the behaviors
were further analyzed for 6 min in the novel tank or in the light-dark test. Control fish were handled in a similar
manner, but kept only in home tank water. All behavioral measures were assessed using the ANY-MazeTM
software and the following endpoints were analyzed: distance traveled, absolute turn angle, number of entries
and transitions to the upper half of the test tank (novel tank test), shuttling, time spent in the lit area and number
of risk assessment episodes (light-dark test). The protocols were previously approved by the Ethics
Commission on Animal Use of the Federal University of Santa Maria under process number 026/2014.
Results: Although TAU did not alter locomotor and vertical activities, all concentrations significantly
increased shuttling and time spent in lit compartment. Moreover, TAU 150 group showed a significant decrease
in the number of risk assessment episodes. Conclusion: These data suggest that TAU exerts an anxiolytic-like
effect in zebrafish and the comparative analysis of behavior using different tasks is an interesting strategy for
neuropsychiatric studies related to anxiety in this species.
Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES, FAPERGS.
Key words: anxiety; behavior; exploratory activity.
Curso de Farmcia, Centro de Cincias da Sade/CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Santa
Maria, RS, Brazil.
2
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Farmacologia, CCS, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS.
Introduction: Essential oils (EO) and their isolated constituents are an alternative source of antioxidant,
sedative and anesthetic compounds (FIGUEIREDO et al., 2008). In vitro antioxidant assays, as the reducingantioxidant power of iron (FRAP), have been reported as good predictors of in vivo antioxidant potential
(AMORATI and VALGIMIGLI, 2015). Natural products can be used in aquaculture to reduce fish stress
during handling processes and to minimize damage resulting from oxidative stress, which impairs the animal
growing (CHAKRABORTY; HANCZ, 2011). Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the sedative/anesthetic
and antioxidant potential of a sesquiterpene (SF) isolated from Nectandra grandiflora EO. Methods: Silver
catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen) (7.99 0.41g; 8.62 0.31cm) were maintained in continuously aerated
250L tank and controlled temperature (21 -23C), fed once a day with commercial diet (28.0% crude protein)
and kept fasting for 24h before experiments. Compound SF was diluted in ethanol 1:10 and added to aquarium
containing 1L water at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200mg/L (GOMES et al. 2003). In vitro antioxidant
activity was assessed by FRAP test, according to Benzie and Strain (1996) with modifications. SF was
dissolved in ethanol at concentrations of 45, 10, 4,5; 1,0 and 0,45g/L. Compound SF (20L) or quercetin
(positive control) were pipetted into a 96 well plate and followed by the addition of FRAP reagent (180L).
The plate was incubated at 37C for 4 min and the antioxidant activity was measured at 593nm (Espectro
Thermo Plate TP-READER) in triplicate. Results: All SF concentrations induced light sedation (partial loss
of posture). Compound SF at 100mg/L induced total loss of posture (fish lie in the aquarium bottom) and at
200mg/L induced anesthesia stage (total loss of posture without reaction to contact stimuli. Antioxidant activity
was detected at 10 and 45M SF. Conclusion: The isolated compound SF induced sedation and long-term
anesthesia without adverse behavioral effects or mortality and showed moderate antioxidant activity in vitro.
Further studies should be conducted to determine the mechanism of action and to evaluate other biological
activities of this compound.
Financial Support: FAPERGS and CNPq