A Report on

Structural Analysis and Design of

A Residential Building
OF
RATNADEVI MAHARJAN

Location:
BALKUMARI-08KA

Designed By:
SUMAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY

Designer: Shailendra Kumar Yadav

Registration No.: 11702 A
Signature:

Date: MAY, 2016

SAP2000
0 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan 3-D view

GENERAL INFORMATION AND DESIGN SUMMARY REQUIRED FOR FORM FILLING FOR
MINICIPAL APPROVAL
1. Type of the building
2. Total plinth area of the building
3. Total number of storey
4. Total height of the building (considered during
Analysis) Hi
5. Typical storey height
6. Least lateral base dimension of the building
(Considered for time period calculation): d
7. Height to least lateral base dimension: H/d
8. Type of the soil considered
9. Bearing capacity of soil adopted
10. Analysis software used for building design
11. Code used for seismic analysis
12. Total number of load combination
13. Total number of mode considered
14. Total seismic weight of the building used: Wi
15. Fundamental translation period :T=0.06H0.75
16. Basic seismic coefficient for translation period :C
17. Seismic zone factor : Z
18. Importance factor : I
19. Structural performance factor : K
20. Design horizontal seismic coefficient: Cd=CZIK
21. Design horizontal base shear : Vh
22. Eccentricity due to mass and stiffness considered
23. Grade of concrete
24. Rebar used
25. Size of column
26. Size of beam
27. Thickness of the slab
28. Maximum inter-storey drift

Residential
1451.34+129.3
two and half(proposed) but analysis of three
storey and half
31 (9.44m)
9-4
7.21m(Y-direction)
1.3
Type II(medium soft soil)
150KN/m2
SAP2000V14
NBC 105:1994
13
11
1119.95KN
0.323sec
0.08 for T<0.5 & soil type II
1(for valley towns)
1(for residential building)
1(for SMRF structures)
0.08
89.6KN
0.05
M20
Fe415
300X300
230X350
125mm
0.003

1. Background
The owner of the building is Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan. The building project is located at ward no.8KA,
Balkumari, lalitpur . Land area proposed site is 1366.93 sq. ft. Total floor area of the proposed building is
1451.34 sq ft. plus 129.3 sq. ft. staircase cover in which ground and first floor each with 725.67 sq. ft. This
is two and half storey frame structure building but analysis of three and half storey building is done. Isolated
and strap beam footing are provided in foundation. Footings are tied in both axes. This project comprises
planning architectural design, structural design, electrical , mechanical and sanitary design components.
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended purpose
during its estimated life, economical in term
Of initial construction and maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. The
construction of any building consist of three phases: a) design, b) drawing with proper detailing and
,c)construction as per drawing and detailing . The design of structure consist of two parts: i)analysis and ii)
design. At first the preliminary size of various members for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is
carried out. With the result obtained from analysis and necessary design are carried out.
After the completion of the design, drawings are prepared with all necessary details. The presentation of the
design calculation and drawing should be clear. After the completion of the office works which include
design and drawings, the construction of the building is carried out. The effort with the design has been
carried out becomes worthwhile only if the design is translated to a corresponding high quality structure.
Nepal is seismically active zone. It is located in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic plates the Indian
plates and Tibetan plates. Records of the earthquake are available since 1255AD. Those records reveal that
Nepal is hit by 18 major earthquakes; the 1833, 1834 and 2072 earthquakes were the most destructive ones.
However it would be infeasible to design the building so as to ensure that they
Elastic and damage free because the occurrence of maximum earthquakes low say one in 75 years. Thus it is
reliable to ductile structure and not to design damage free structure but non-collapsible structure for
minimum destruction on lives and properties. The design should ensure the structure against stability,
strength and serviceability levels of seismic safety.
Thus the seismic design of building is done and the brief detailing report has been prepared. All the design
data are considered in the detail architectural and structural drawings.

2. Description of the Building

General features:
Project:

Earthquake resistant design of residential building

Location:

Dhapakhel , lalitpur

Plinth area:

725.67sq.ft.

Architectural features:
Type of building:

residential building

Number of storey:

two and half but analysis of three storey and half

Height of storey:

9-4

Total height of the building:

9.44m

Least lateral base dimension:

7.21m

Height to least lateral base dimension: 1.3

External walls:

Internal walls:

Plaster thickness:

12mm

Wall and partition:

Brick Masonry Wall

Structural features:
Structural system:

RCC frame structure

Foundation type:

Isolated sloped footing and Strap foundation

Column:

Square (12x12)

Beam:

rectangular (9x14)

Slab:

125mm (5)

Salient features:
Soil type:

medium soft soil

Seismic zone:

V (as per IS 1893:2002, Part-1)

Allowable bearing capacity:

150KN/m2

3. Material
Reinforced Concrete for column, beam, slab:

M20

Reinforcement:

Fe415

Unit wt. of concrete:

25KN/m3

Unit mass:

2.55tones/m3

Youngs modulus of Elasticity:

5000fck

Poissons ratio for concrete:

0.20

Poissons ratio for rebar:

0.30

4.Modeling
Since this is normal moment resisting frame structure, main components to be modeled are: Beams, Column &
Slabs. For the purpose of following material properties are assumed for concrete:
Grade of concrete:

M20

Grade of Steel:

Fe415

Unit weight:

25KN/m3

Unit mass:

2.5 tones/m3

5. Dead loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, column, walls, parapet walls and staircase. The weight
of building materials are taken as per IS 875-1987(Part-1)
Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875-1987(Part-1)]
Materials

Unit weight ()

Reinforced Concrete

25KN/m3

Brick masonry

19KN/m3

Floor finishing

1KN/m

Cement Sand Plaster

0.5KN/m2

Floor finishing (Marble)

26KN/m3

6. Live loads
Bed room

2.0 KN/m2

Corridors

3.0KN/m2

Stairs

3.0KN/m2

Balcony

3.0KN/m2

Roof (accessible)

1.5KN/m2

Roof (In accessible) 0.7KN/m2

7. Seismic load calculation as per NBC 105:1994

Design Base Shear Vb = Cd*Wi

[7.5.3 IS: 1893:2002 (Part 1)]

Where,
Cd

=Design horizontal seismic coefficient

= C*Z*I*K
Where,
Z=seismic zoning factor =1.00 for valley town
I=importance factor=1.0 for residential building
K=structural performance factor = 1 for SMRF
C= basic seismic coefficient for fundamental translation period (T)

T= 0.06H0.75 for moment resisting frame with brick infill panel

Where,
H= total height of the structures considered in analysis
W= seismic weight of the building that includes total Dead load plus appropriate amount of live
1893:2002 (Part 1)]

load [8 IS:

Percentage of live load to be taken for calculating seismic weight =25% for live load intensity up to and
including 3KN/m2 and 50% for load intensity above 3KN/m2 [table 8, IS: 1893:2002 (Part 1)]
The live load on roof need not be considered for calculating the seismic weight of the building. [7.3.2
IS: 1893:2002 (Part 1)]
The seismic forces are applied to the model of the building in SAP2000 automatically for the purpose of seismic
analysis; hence the manual calculation of seismic load and the seismic forces have not been shown.
The seismic weight of building and the distribution of base shear to the horizontal diaphragm are generated
from the analysis in SAP2000.

8. Load cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 1893-2002
*Dead load (DL)
*Live load (LL)
*Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (EQX+)
*Earthquake load in -ve X-direction (EQX-)
*Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (EQY+)
*Earthquake load in -ve Y-direction (EQY-)

9. Load Combination
Following load combination have been adopted as per NBC105:1994
1. COMBO1 (1.5DL+1.5LL)
2. COMBO2 (DL+1.3LL+1.25EQX+)
3. COMBO3 (DL+1.3LL+1.25EQX-)
4. COMBO4 (DL+1.3LL+1.25EQY+)
5. COMBO5 (DL+1.3LL+1.25EQY-)
6. COMBO6 (0.9DL+1.25EQX+)
7. COMBO7 (0.9DL+1.25EQX-)
8. COMBO8 (0.9DL+1.25EQY+)
9. COMBO9 (0.9DL+1.25EQY-)
10. COMBO10 (DL+1.25EQX+)
11. COMBO11 (DL+1.25EQX-)
12. COMBO12 (DL+1.25EQY+)
13. COMBO13 (DL+1.25EQY-)

11. Analysis and Design

a. Analysis
A three dimensional linear analysis has been carried out using the standard software SAP2000.
The structure is assumed to be fixed at the foundation level. The brick wall is considered as filler wall only. The
beams are modeled as rectangular beams. The flange of the beam has been neglected. Centre to centre
dimension of the structure has been considered in the analysis.

b. Design
Limit state design has been adopted to design RCC frame building structure. IS456:2000 and SP16 code is used
to design.
Footings have been designed for the vertical loads and moment developed at the base due to dead load and love
load only. Square footing have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur.
Longitudinal reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among thirteen
load combination. Longitudinal reinforcement in beam is also calculated by critical load combination. It is
calculated from the envelop of bending moment diagram. Spacing of shear reinforcement has been calculated as
per ductility principle, IS13920-1993 have been used for this purpose.

12. Sample calculation

a. Sample design calculation of slab
1) data
Slab type

two adjacent edges discontinuous

Grade of concrete

M20

Grade of steel

Fe415

Shorter span

Lx

2.95m

Longer span

Ly

3.53m

Slab depth provided

110mm (Lx/d = 32 from IS 456:2000 and by bending moment )

Overall depth of slab

125mm (d + cc where, clear cover, cc=15mm))

Dead load

DL

3.25KN/m2

Floor finishes

FF

1KN/m2

Partition wall

PP

1KN/m2

Live load

LL

2KN/m2

Total load

TL

7.25KN/m2

Factored load

Pu

1.5x7.25= 10.88KN/m2

Considering 1m width of slab

Pu

10.88 KN/m

2) load calculation

3)slab type
Ly/Lx = 1.2<2 so the slab is Two way slab
Two adjacent edge discontinues
4)bending moment
Span
Short

Coeff
x+

Coeff value
0.045

Mu
4.26

Ast req.
109.53

Short

x-

0.060

5.7

147.63

Long

y+

0.035

3.31

84.7

Long

y-

0.047

4.45

114.52

steel Prov.
8@250mm
c\c
8@250mm
c\c
8@250mm
c\c
8@250mm
c\c

P%
0.19%>0.12%
0.19%>0.12%
0.19%>0.12%
0.19%>0.12%

According to the NBC205 minimum reinforcement provided in slab is 8mm bar @ 150 mm C\C. bothway.
5) Check for shear
Maximum shear force:
V=1/2xPu.Lx
= 1/2x10.88x2.95
= 16.048KN
Nominal shear stress:
v= V/bd = (16.048x1000)/(1000x110) = 0.146 Mpa
Percentage of steel is 0.19% and for M20 concrete,
c= 0.312Mpa
Shear strength in slab, c= kc
For D=125mm, k=1.30
Therefore c= 0.405Mpa
We get, v< c , hence safe
So no shear reinforcement is required.

b. Sample design of sloped square footing. (IS456:2000)

1) Data
Position of footing

B2

Load case

Grade of concrete

M20

Steel grade

Fe415

Axial load

316.57 KN

My

0.22KNm

Mz

0 KNm

Column size, b

300mm

Column size, d

300mm

SBC of soil

150 KN/m2

Design factor

1.1

2) pressure
Total wt.

348.23KN

Area of footing

2.32m2

Size of footing (L and B)

1.6x1.6

Footing pressure Pmax

123.98KN/m2

Footing pressure Pmin

123.34KN/m2

3) eccentricity
X

0.80m

0.80m

1.6m

(2/3)L =

1.07m

1.6m

Eff. qu = 136.03kn/m2
4)check for shear
One way shear check:
%P of steel assumed 0.25%
Designed shear is 0.36Mpa
Vu = 86.07 KN then
We get, d= 178.25mm adopt d= 360mm (two time of depth)
Overall depth(D)=435 where cc is 75 mm
Two way shear check:
Perimeter 2640mm at d/2 from face of column
S.F. at this section 288.97 KN
Ks = 1
tc = 1.12Mpa
tv= 0.29Mpa
Resistance 1062.58 KN/m2 which is safe.

Reinforcement i.e. Ast =900mm2 and 738mm2 on both way then,

After flexural design on four corners we get, reinforcement detail on both ways is
12mm dia. @ 120 mm c/c and 12mm dia. @120mm c/c

Provide strap beam of :

Beam size 300*450
Top reinforcement 2-16mm+1-12mm dia.
Side bar 2-12mm dia.
Bottom reinforcement 2-16mm+1-12mm dia.
Stirrups 7mm@150c/c of 2-legged

Detail reinforcement of column, slab, beam, and footing

COLUMN DETAILS
Concrete grade: M20

steel grade: Fe 415

SLAB DETAIL
SN

SIZE(m)

2.95x3.53

THICKNESS(mm) BAR AT
SHORT SPAN
125
8mm@250mm
c\c (i.e. 9)

BAR AT
LONG SPAN
8mm@250
8mm@250mm
c\c (i.e. 9)
)

REMARK
PSOTIVE &
NEGATIVE

Providing reinforcement detail of slab according to the NBC205, so minimum reinforcement detail provided in
slab both way positive and negative is 8mm dia. @ 150mm C\C
C i.e. (6 C\C)

FOOTING DETAIL
Minimum foundation depth from original ground level: 1.5M
SN
1

TYPE
RAFT

DEPTH(mm)
450

SIZE(m)
0.3X0.45

GRID

F1

450

1.7X1.7

A2,B1,B2,B3,C2,C3

F2

450

1.5X1.5

A1,A3,C1,D1,D2,D3

REINFORCEMENT
12mm@150mm
BOTH WAY
12MM@120mm
BOTH WAY
12MM@120mm
BOTH WAY

BEAM REINFORCEMENT
Spacing of stirrup: 8mm@100mm near support and 8mm@150mm at middle and two legged stirrup.

S.N Type

Size

1.

MB

230x350

2.

MB

230x350

3.
4.
5.

MB
TB
FB

230x350
230x300
230x230

Top
Support
2-12mm+216mm
2-12mm+116mm
2-12mm
3-12mm
3-12mm

Mid
2-12mm
2-12mm
2-12mm
3-12mm
3-12mm

Bottom
Support
Mid
2-12mm+12-12mm
12mm
2-12mm+12-12mm
12mm
2-12mm
2-12mm
3-12mm
3-12mm
3-12mm
3-12mm

Remarks
1st floor
2nd floor
Up to top floor
Plinth level
Footing level

SAP OUTPUT

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan -Load Assigning KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan -Load Assigning KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan -Load Assigning KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Assigning combo KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Code followed in SAP design KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Files wall load KN, m , C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan FilesParapet

Files
wall load KN, m , C units

SAP2000 Files-Mrs.
Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan axial force KN, m , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Moment 2-2 KN, m , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Shear Force 2-2 KN, m , C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Beam section result KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Column result KN, m, C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam reinforcement KN, m

mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam reinforcement KN, m

mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam reinforcement KN, mm

m , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam and column reinforcement KN, m
mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam and column reinforcement KN, mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam and column reinforcement KN, mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan beam and column reinforcement KN, mm , C units

SAP2000 Files Mrs. Ratna Devi Maharjan Joint reaction in COMBO1 KN, mm , C units

Genral:
Building Structure Type

Frame Structure

Numer of storey applied for permit

two and half

Number of storey considered in structural design

Three and half

Total height of the structure with extension (h)

NBC101-1994 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

12.29m

Material used in structure

1)Brick Masonry
2) RCC

NBC 102-1994 UNIT WT. OF MATERIALS

Unit wt. of steel

78.50 kg/m3

Unit wt .of RCC

25kg/m3

Unit wt. of Brick

19kg/m3

NBC 104-1994 WIND LOAD

Wind zone

Basic wind speed

47 m/s

NBC 105-1994 SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDING NEPAL

Method adopted for earthquake resistant design

Seismic coefficient Method

Adopted code for seismic design

NBC105

Subsoil category

Type II (Medium)

Seismic Weight (W)

1119.95KN

Fundamental time period of the building along X (TX)

0.323 sec

Fundamental time period of the building along Y (TY)

0.323 sec

Basic seismic coefficient along X (C)

0.08

Basic seismic coefficient along Y (C)

0.08

Seismic zoning factor (Z)

Importance factor (I)

Structural performance factor (K) if NBC used

Design horizontal seismic coefficient along X (Cd)

0.08

Design horizontal seismic coefficient along Y (Cd)

0.08

Base shear (Vb) for seismic coefficient along X

89.591 KN

Base shear (Vb) for seismic coefficient along Y

89.591KN

Maximum Inter-Storey drift

0.003

Corresponding storey height for maximum inter-storey

2.84
Drift (h)
NBC 107-1994 PROVISIONAL RECOMMENDATION ON FIRE SAFETY
Have you considered fire safety requirement

Yes

NBC 114-1994 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

Are you sure that all safety measure will be fulfilled in the
construction site as per this code?
Safety wares used

Yes

*Safety hard hat

*Safety goggles
*Safety boots
*Safety belts
*First aid facility
STRUCTURAL DATA FOR RCC FRAMED RCC STRUCTURE
NBC 110-1994 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
Concrete grade
Reinforcemet steel grade

M20
Fe415
Fe500

SLAB DESIGN
Boundry condition of slab

Two adjacent edge discontinous

Effective depth of slab

110mm

Short span of critical slab panel (LX)

2946mm

Long span of critical slab panel (LY)

3530mm

Calculated short span to effective depth ratio (LX/d)

26.78

Basic (l/d) ratio

32

Required modification factor for tension reinforcement

0.84

Required tension reinforcement (Ast) % for short span bottom

0.142%

Required tensin reinforcement (Ast) % for long span bottom

0.142%

Actual modification factor for tension reinforcement

1.2

BEAM DESIGN
Effective depth of beam (d)

330mm

Critical span (L)

3530mm

Support condition

Simply support

Basic (L/d) ratio

20

Calculated critical span to effective depth ratio (L/d)

10.7

COLUMN DESIGN
Critical column height

2.84m

Minimum size of column (BXD)

300mmX300mm

Short column effect of column considered or not

Yes

Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement provided

1.07%

Design philosophy

Limit state design

LOAD COMBINATION
1: DL
1: LL
2: DL
2: LL
2: EQ
3: DL
3: EQ
4: DL
4: EQ
Whether sample design calculations of foundations, column,
Beams and slabs are submitted
Type of foundation

1.5
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.2
0.9
1.25
1.0
1.25
Yes

Depth of foundation from ground level to the bottom of footing

1.5m

Isolated and strap

Reference
IS456:2000

code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

IS875 (part 1-5)

code for practice for design loads other than earthquake for building and structure

IS1893:2002

criteria for earthquake resistance design of structures

NBC105:1994

seismic design of building in Nepal

IS 13920:1993

ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces code for
practice

SP16

design aids for reinforced concrete to IS456:2000

SP34

handbook on concrete reinforcement detailing

Pillai, U.C. and

reinforced concrete design, second edition, Tata McGraw Hill publishing company Ltd.

Menon

New Delhi, 2003