Transformers: Z Z Z S S Z S S

Transformers
01. Two transformers with leakage impedance

Z1=0.1+j0.4 pu, and Z2=0.05+j0.2 pu are
connected in parallel. The ratio of loads
shared will be
(EPDCL-10)
(a) equal
(b) 1:2
(c) 2:1
(d) 2:3
01. Ans: (b)
Sol: If two transformers having equal voltage
ratings, the equivalent circuit diagram of two
transformers connected in parallel is shown
in below figure.
ZA
RA
XA
IA
RB
XB
IB
E2A = E2B
ZB
IL
V2
ZL
0.05 j 0.2
0.05 j 0.2 0.1 j.4
0.1 j 0.4
SL
0.05 j 0.2 0.1 j 0.4
SA SL
the ratio of SA & SB is

S A 0.05 j 0.2
SB
0.1 j 0.4
5 20 j
= 10 40 j
1 4 j
= 28 j
SA
SB
17
1
=
68
2
SA : SB = 1 : 2
02. In a transformer, all-day efficiency
(EPDCL-10)
(a) is higher than the full-load efficiency
(b) is maximum efficiency
(c) is lower than the full-load efficiency
(d) None of these
02. Ans: (c)
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03. A transformer is working at its full load and

its efficiency is also maximum. The iron loss
is 1000 watts. Then, is copper loss at half of
full load will be:
(SSC-JE-10)
(a) 250Watt
(b) 300 Watt
(c) 400Watt
(d) 500Watt
03. Ans: (a)
Sol: At max efficiency,
full load Cu. Loss= Iron loss
full load Cu. Loss = 1000W
At half load, Cu. losses =
1
1000
4
= 250 W.
Load sharing equation of two transformers

ZB
SA SL
ZA ZB
ZA
SB SL
ZA ZB
Given data: ZA = 0.1 + j.4, ZB = 0.05 + j 0.2
SB
Sol: All day efficiency is depends on load

cycle.
All day efficiency is less than full
load efficiency.
04. A 2 kVA transformer has iron loss of 150W

and full load copper loss of 250W. The
maximum efficiency of the transformer will
occur when the total loss is:
(SSC-JE-10)
(a) 500W
(b) 400W
(c) 300W
(d) 275W
04. Ans: (c)
Sol: Iron loss = 150 W
Full load Cu. Loss = 250W
Maximum efficiency occurs when Cu. Loss
= iron loss = 150W
Total losses = 150 + 150 = 300W
05. In a transformer, the core loss is found to be
46 W at 50 Hz and is 80 W at 70 Hz, both
losses being measured at the same peak flux
density. The hysteresis loss and eddy current
loss at 60 Hz is
(SSC-JE-11)
(a) 11 W, 20 W
(b) 30 W, 45 W
(b) 16 W, 30 W
(d) 22 W, 40 W
05. Ans: (d)
Sol: Core loss = 46 W at 50 Hz
= 80 W at 70 Hz
Bmax = constant
Wn f
We f2
2
Af1 + B f1 = 46 W
50 A+ 2500 B = 46
2
Af2 + B f 2 = 80 W
70 A + 4900 B = 80
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:2:
Electrical Machines
By solving these equations

A = 0.362
B = 0.0111
At f = 60 Hz, hysteresis loss = A(60) = 22 W
eddy current loss = B(60)2 = 40 W
08. Ans: (b)

Sol:
125A
+
200 V
06. A 100 kVA single phase transformer exhibits

maximum efficiency at 80 % of full load and
the total loss in the transformer under this
condition is 1000 W. The ohmic losses at full
load will be
(SSC-JE-11)
(a) 781.25 watt
(b) 1250 watt
(c) 1562.5 watt
(d) 12500 watt
06. Ans: (a)
Sol: At maximum efficiency,
x2(full load loss) = core loss
x2(full load loss) = 500 W
500
full load ohmic loss =
0.64
= 781.25 W
Full Load kVA rating of Autotransformer

= V2 I2
= 2200 125
= 275 kVA
07. A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 400

W and full load copper loss of 800 W. The
fraction of rated load at maximum efficiency
is
(SSC-JE-11)
(a) 50 %
(b) 62.3 %
(c) 70.7 %
(d) 100 %
07. Ans: (c)
Sol: Fraction of FL corresponding to max
efficiency
(a) 0.52
(b) 0.42
(c) 0.62
(d) 0.36
09. Ans: (a)
Sol: pu VR = pu R cos 2 pu X sin2
+ for lagging p.f
for leading p.f
Pu VR = 0.2 0.8 + 0.6 0.6
= 0.52
Iron loss
Full load Cu loss
400
800
+
2000 V
200 V
09. A single phase transformer has resistance

and reactance of 0.2 pu and 0.6 pu
respectively. Its pu voltage regulation at 0.8
pf lagging would be
(APGenco12)
08. A 25 kVA, 2000/200V, two winding

transformer is connected as shown in figure.
The full load kVA of connection is
(APGenco12)
th
of full load. The ratio of its iron loss
(pi) and full load copper loss (pc), is

(APGenco12)
3
4
9
(c)
16
16
9
3
(d)
4
(a)
(b)
10. Ans: (c)

Sol: x of full load corresponding to maximum
125 A
Load
2000 V
efficiency =
iron losses [ Pi ]
F.L Cupper losses PC
Given data : - x =
(a) 125
(c) 375
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LOAD
12.5A
10. A transformer has maximum efficiency at
1
70.7%
2
2200 V
137. 5A
3
4
(b) 275
(d) 175
:3:
APPSC Previous Questions
Pi
Pi
9
=
Pc
Pc
16
Vc2N =
v
120 180
2
Vector Diagram:
Vc N
1
Va N
2
11. The following connection of three single

phase transformer bank results in
A
a1
a2 b1
b2 c1
c2
(a) 3-phase to 2-phase conversion

(b) 3-phase to 3-phase
(c) 2-phase to 3-phase conversion
(d) 3-phase to 6-phase conversion
11. Ans: (d)
Sol:
B
+
V0
V
2
180
V
2
V.R
ZPF lead p.f
Va2N =
Vb1N =
Vb2N =
Vc1N =
120 2 120 180
v
0
2
v
180
2
v
120
2
v
120 180
2
v
120
2
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0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
ZPF lag p.f
Secondary phase voltages:

Va1N =
12. A transformer can have regulation closer to

zero
(APTranso-12)
(a) On lagging power factor
(b) On leading power factor
(c) On zero power factor
(d) On unity power factor
12. Ans: (b)
V120
a2 b
1
a1
Vc N
2
Sol:
Va N
1
From the vector diagram, we can say that

these transformer connections are used to 3
- to 6 - conversion.
(APGenco-12)
A
+
60
60
Vb N
1
Vb N
2
b2
V
120 180
c1 2
c2
Slope of V. R curve for lag p.f loads is

greater than slope of V. R curve for lead p.f
loads.
V.R is zero is possible only for leading
power factors close to unity.
13. The full load copper loss of a transformer is
1600watts. At half-load, the copper loss will
be
(APTranso-12)
(a) 400watts
(b) 80watts
(c) 1600 watts
(d) 6400watts
13. Ans: (a)
Sol: Copper loss at any fraction x of full load
= x2 full load copper losses.
given data: - X
1
2
Copper losses at half full load
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Electrical Machines
1
=
2
1600 =
1600
= 400 W
4
14. A 440/110V, 1-phase Transformer has a

primary resistance of 0.03 and secondary
resistance of 0.02. Its iron losses at normal
input are 150watts. The secondary current at
which the maximum efficiency will occur is
(APTranso-12)
(a) 63.56A
(b) 70.28A
(c) 82.80A
(d) 46.39A
14. Ans: (c)
Sol: Secondary current corresponding to max
efficiency, I 2 m
Wi
R 02
Where Wi = iron losses.

R02 = Secondary equivalent resistance.
Given data : - R1 = 0.03 , R2 = 0.02 , Wi
= 150 W
R02 = R2 + R1
110
= 0.02 0.03
440
I 2m
17. In a 50 kVA, 1-phase Transformer, the iron

loss is 500W and full load copper loss is
800W. The efficiency of the Transformer at
full load at 0.8p.f lagging is (in %)
(APTranso-12)
(a) 92
(b) 89.56
(c) 96.85
(d) 79.82
17. Ans: (c)
E 2 I 2 cos 2
100
Sol: Efficiency, %
E 2 I 2 cos 2 Pc p i
Where E2 I2 = Name plate VA rating
cos 2 = p. f of load, Pc = cupper losses
Pi = iron losses
Given data: E2 I2 = 50 kVA
cos 2 = 0.8 lag
Pc = 800 W
Pi = 500 W
%
= 0.021875
150
= 82.80 A
0.021875
15. Which of the following Transformers should

never have the secondary open circuited
while the primary is energized?
(APTranso-12)
(a) Power transformer
(b) Potential transformer
(c) Current transformer
(d) Auto transformer
15. Ans: (c)
Sol: If secondary of current transformer is
opened, maximum flux is induced in core so
that secondary induced voltage is increase
and finally damages the insulation on
secondary. So that the secondary of C.T can
never be open circuited when primary is
excited.
16. An Isolation Transformer has primary to
secondary turns ratio of
(APTranso-12)
(a) 1:1
(b) 1:2
(c) 2:1
(d) 1:3
16. Ans: (a)
Sol: Isolation transformers are provide electrical
isolation between primary & secondary
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without change in voltage and currents

levels.
50 k 0.8
100
50 k 0.8 500 800
% = 96.85%.
18. In core type furnace the secondary winding
has
(APTranso-12)
(a) No turns
(b) More number of turns
(c) Less number of turns
(d) Equal to primary turns
18. Ans: (c)
Sol: The arc voltage is of the order of 50 V to 100
V i.e, secondary voltage is of this order in
order to obtain large powers required for
melting metals, the secondary current will be
of the order of several hundreds or thousand
amperes and it should be made of less No. of
turns with thick wire.
19. A 220V/12-0-12V transformer has an
emf/turn of 1V. The number of turns on
secondary would be
(APSPDCL-12)
(a) 12 with centre tap
(b) 220 with centre tap
(c) 24 with no centre tap
(d) 24 with centre tap
19. Ans: (d)
Sol:
12 V
Vs
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12 V
:5:
(a) 33.33A
(c) 66.66A
22. Ans: (a)
Sol: MVA 3VL I L
220V / 12 V 0V 12V
Emf/turn = 1 V
by the voltage notation of 220 V/ 12 V 0
V 12 V, it is concluded that its center taped
transformer.
On secondary each half should have 12 V.
So EMF/ turn = 1 V
for 12 V, we require 12 turns [for each
half]. So total 24 turns with center tap.
20. An ideal transformer has N1 = 100
turns
N2 = 200 turns with a mutual flux of
m(t)=0.05(t22t). The induced emf of
secondary in volts is
(APSPDCL-12)
(a) 5(t1)
(b) 10(t1)
(c) 5(t21)
(d) 20(t1)
20. Ans: (d)
Sol: Induced emf of secondary = N 2
= 200
d
dt
d
0.05[ t 2 2 t ]
dt
= 20 [t 1]
21. The following is the apparent disadvantage
of auto transformer as compared to twowinding transformer
(APSPDCL-12)
(a) power rating is greater
(b) efficiency is low
(c) conductive isolation is not present
(d) voltage regulation is low
21. Ans: (c)
Sol: Disadvantages of auto-transformers:1. Auto transformers are not suitable
where electrical isolation is required
between primary and secondary.
2. Auto transformers are not suitable for
turns ratio is greater than 3:1
3. If any open circuit at common part
occurs it should trip otherwise there will
be high voltage at L.V which results in
damage of load.
22. A 230/2300V, Y/ 3-phase transformer is
rated at 230 kVA. Its rated secondary
current/phase is
(APSPDCL-12)
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IL
I ph
(b) 133.33A
(d) 30.33A
230 103
100
3 2300
3
I L 100
33.3A
3
3
23. If a transformer core has air gaps, then

(HMWS-12)
(a) reluctance of magnetic path is decreased
(b) hysteresis loss is decreaed
(c) magnetizing current is greatly increased
(d) eddy current is increased
23. Ans: (c)
Sol: If air gaps are present in the transformer
core, the reluctance is increases and
magnetizing current is also increases.
24. When the primary of a transformer is
connected to a dc supply
(HMWS-12)
(a) primary draws small current
(b) core losses are increased
(c) primary leakage reactance is increased
(d) primary may burn out
24. Ans: (d)
Sol: When transformer is excited with d.c source,
the magnetizing component increases and the
core getting saturated and induced emf in
both primary and secondary windings is zero
and the primary winding draws a very high
current from source which may burn the
primary winding.
26. A 20-turn iron-cored inductor is connected to
a 100V, 50Hz source. The maximum flux
density in the core is 1Wb/m2. The crosssectional area of the core is
(HMWS-12)
(a) 0.152m2
(b) 0.345m2
(c) 0.0225m2
(d) 0.56m2
26. Ans: (c)
Sol: Induced voltage, E = 4.44 N Bm A f volts
Given data: N = 20, E = 100 V, F = 50 Hz,
Bmax = 1 Wb/m2
100 = 4.44 20 1 A 50
A = 0.0225 m2
27. The no-load pf of a transformer is small
because
(HMWS-12)
:6:
Electrical Machines
(a) iron loss component of I0 is large

(b) magnetizing component of I0 is large
(c) magnetizing component of I0 is small
(d) copper losses are high
27. Ans: (b)
Sol: Transformer has poor no-load power factor
because its magnetic component of current
is very high when compared to iron loss
component of current.
28. A 230/2300V transformer takes no load
current of 5A at 0.25 power factor lagging.
The core loss is
(HMWS-12)
(a) 300.2W
(b) 192.5W
(c) 212.6W
(d) 287.5W
28. Ans: (d)
Sol: W0 = V1 I0 cos 0= Iron loss
= 230 5 0.25
= 287.5 Watt
29. In a 3-phase delta transformer, one of the
phases has burnt up. The transformer will
then supply
(HMWS-12)
(a) zero output
(b) rated output
(c) 66.67% of its rated output
(d) 86.6% of its rated output
29. Ans:( * )
Sol: All answers wrong with one transformer in a
- bank burnt, the remaining two can
supply
57.7%
transformer rating
transformers.
100 of
3
without
the
3-
overloading
30. We can find of the transformer with

open-circuit test
(HMWS-12)
(a) copper losses
(b) total equivalent resistances
(c) turns ratio
(d) total equivalent leakage reactance
30. Ans: (c)
31. A transformer has full-load copper loss of
400W. The copper loss at half full-load will
be
(HMWS-12)
(a) 50W
(c) 400W
31. Ans: (d)
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(b) 200W
(d) 100W
Sol: Cupper losses at half full-load

1
2
400 = 100 W
32. In short circuit test on a transformer, we

generally short circuit
(HMWS-12)
(a) low voltage winding
(b) high voltage winding
(c) either low or high voltage winding
(d) neither low nor high voltage winding
32. Ans: (a)
33. The function of oil in a transformer is
(TRANSCO-AE12)
(a) to provide insulation and cooling
(b) to provide protection against lightning
(c) to provide protection against short circuit
(d) to provide lubrication
33. Ans: (a)
34. The low voltage winding of a 400/230V, 1phase, 50 Hz transformer is to be
connected to a 25 Hz, the supply voltage
should be
(TRANSCO-AE12)
(a) 230 V
(b) 460 V
(c) 115 V
(d) 65 V
34. Ans: (c)
V
Sol: Bmax 1 . As f is reduced Bmax increases.
f
Hence the magnetizing component of current
increases, which may damage the
transformer due to increased current.
V
Hence 1 must be maintained constant.
f
V11
V12
230
V2
25 115 V
f1
f2
50
35. The core flux of a practical transformer with
a resistive load
(TRANSCO-AE12)
(a) is strictly constant with load changes
(b) Increases linearly with load
(c) Increases as the square root of the load
(d) decreases with increased load
35. Ans: (c)
Sol: Consider the approximate equivalent circuit
o
of a transformer shown in figure.1
I I 0
+
Im
V1
jXm
+
req
jxeq
+
I req jx
eq
o
V V 0
Resistive load
core losses neglected

Fig.1
:7:
(a) not possible

(b) possible at unity power factor load
(c) possible at leading power factor load
(d) possible at lagging power factor load
37. Ans: (c)
Sol: The approximate expression for voltage
regulation of a transformer is
Let V the load voltage be the rated value.
Then
V1 V I (req + j xeq)
As load increases, I increases, V1 increases,
and Im the magnetizing current which
determines the core flux increases. Hence
core flux increases.
Its mathematical relation with the load
current I is obtained from the following
phasor diagram.
tan
eq
r
eq
V1
I
Fig.2
2
2
I req x eq
V0o
We have
1/2
2
V1 V 2 I 2 (req2 x eq
) 2VI req
V1 and hence core flux do increase, as I
increases, and the increase is nonlinear.
Options (a), (b) and (d) are wrong. Hence (c)
should be the answer.
36. In transformers, which of the following

statements is valid?
(TRANSCO-AE12)
(a) In an open circuit test, copper losses are
obtained while in short circuit test,
core losses are obtained.
(b) In an open circuit test, current is drawn
at high power factor.
(c) In a short circuit test, current is drawn
at zero power factor
(d) In an open circuit test, current is drawn
at low power factor.
36. Ans: (d)
Sol: The Power factor under no load condition is
0.2.
The Power factor of T/F under S.C Test is
0.5 to 0.6.
37. In a transformer, zero voltage regulation at
full load is
(TRANSCO-AE12)
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V.R
I(req cos x eq sin )

V
, + sign
for lagging power factors and sign for

leading power factors. 0 90 and so
both cos and sin are always positive.
Other terms in the above expression are also
positive. So using the + sign (lagging
loads) voltage regulation can never be zero.
But using the sign (leading loads),
regulation can become zero if req cos = xeq
sin .
38. A single-phase transformer has a turns ratio
of 1:2, and is connected to a purely resistive
load as shown in the figure. The
magnetizing current drawn is 1 A, and the
secondary current is 1A. If core losses and
leakage reactances are neglected, the primary
current is
(TRANSCO-AE12)
1: 2
1A
(a) 1.41 A
(b) 2 A
(c) 2.24 A
(d) 3 A
38. Ans: (c)
Sol: The load current referred to primary is 2A,
and the magnetizing current is 1A. These two
have a phase difference of 90 w.r.t each
other. Hence the primary current is
(2 2 12 ) = 2.24 A.
40. The iron loss in a 100 kVA transformer is 1
kW and full load copper losses are 2 kW. The
maximum efficiency occurs at a load of
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) 70.7 kVA
(b) 141.4 kVA
(c) 50 kVA
(d) 100 kVA
40. Ans: (a)
Sol: Iron loss in a transformer = 1kW
:8:
Electrical Machines
Full load copper losses =2 kW

1
Max. efficiency occurs at =
100 kvA
2
= 70.7 kVA
41. Following
graph
shows
the
loss
characteristics of a sheet of ferromagnetic
material against varying frequency f. Pi is the
iron loss at frequency f, hysteresis and eddy
current losses of the sheet at 100 Hz are
(SSC-JE-12)
Pi/f
Slope = 0.001
0.01
f
(a) 10W, 50W (b) 1W,5 W

(c) 1W,10W
(d) 10 W,100W
41. Ans: (c)
Sol: Pi = Af + Bf2
P
i = A + Bf
f
By using graph, A = 0.01
B = 0.001
Hysteresis Loss at 100 Hz = Af= 1W
Eddy current loss at 100 Hz = Bf2
= (0.001)104
= 10 W
42. Hysteresis losses are present in iron core coil
when
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) the current is unsymmetrical alternating
only
(b) the current in the coil is d.c. only
(c) the current in the coil is sinusoidal only
(d) the current in the coil is alternating
42. Ans: (d)
43. Eddy current loss in ferromagnetic core is
proportional to
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) square root of frequency
(b) frequency
(c) reciprocal of frequency
(d) square of frequency
43. Ans: (d)
2
2 2
Sol: Eddy current loss w e KB m f t
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Where, K =
2
;
6
Bmax = Maximum flux density.

f = frequency of eddy current
t = Thickness of lamination
44. The magnetic materials that are used to
prepare permanent magnets should have
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) small hysteresis loop
(b) high retentivity
(c) low coercive force
(d) steeply rising magnetization curve
44. Ans: (d)
45. In a 1-phase transformer, the copper loss at
full load is 600 Watts. At half of the full load
the copper loss will be
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) 75 Watts
(b) 600 Watts
(c) 300 Watts
(d) 150 Watts
45. Ans: (d)
Sol: Copper loss at full load = 600 W
AT half full load = x2(full load loss)
1
= 600
4
= 150 W
46. An autotransformer used with a sodium
vapour lamp should have high
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) leakage reactance of windings
(b) VA rating
(c) transformation ratio
(d) winding resistance
46. Ans: (a)
47. In an auto-transformer, the number of turns
in primary winding is 210 and in secondary
winding is 140. If the input current is 60 A,
the currents in output & in common winding
are respectively
(SSC-JE-12)
(a) 40 A, 100 A
(b) 90A, 30A
(c) 90 A, 150 A
(d) 40 A,20A
47. Ans: (b)
60A
Sol:
210V
90A
30A
140V
:9:
210 6 = 140 I2
I2 = 90 A
48. A 3-phase transformer has its primary
connected in delta and secondary in star.
Secondary to primary turns ratio per phase is
6. For a primary voltage of 200 V, the
secondary voltage would be (SSC-JE-12)
(a) 693 V
(b) 1200 V
(c) 58 V
(d) 2078 V
48. Ans: (d)
Sol:
50. Two parallel conductors carrying current in

opposite directions will exert on each other
(SSC-JE-13)
(a) an attractive force
(b) a repulsive force
(c) an axial force
(d) no force
50. Ans: (b)
Sol:
1
1
Force b/w them
is repulsive
Vph Y
Vph
Vph(Y) = 6. Vph()
= 6 200 = 1200 V
V(Y) Line = 1200 3 V
= 2078 V
49. The emf induced in a coil is given by
e N
d
dt
Where e is the emf induced, N is the number

of turns and d is the instantaneous flux
linkage with the coil in time dt.
The negative sign in the expression is due to
(SSC-JE-13)
(a) Hans Christian Oersted
(b) Andre-Marie Ampere
(c) Michael Faraday
(d) Emil Lenz
49. Ans: (d)
Sol: The direction of statically induced emf is
such that the current due to this emf will
flow through a closed circuit in such a
direction that it which in turn produce some
flux according to Electro Magnetic Theory
and this flux must opposes the changes in
main field flux which is the cause for
production of emf as well as current. This is
called Lenz law.
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(1+2
weak
Strong
flux
Repulsion
weak
If
the
two
parallel
conductors carrying current in opposite
direction, then there will be a force of
repulsion between them.
52. Silicon content in iron lamination is kept

within 5% as it
(SSC-JE-13)
(a) makes the material brittle
(b) reduces the curie point
(c) increases hysteresis loss
(d) increases cost
52. Ans: (a)
53. The high-voltage and low-voltage winding
resistances of a distribution transformer of
100 kVA, 1100/220 volts, 50 Hz are 0.1
and 0.004 respectively. The equivalent
resistances referred to high-voltage side and
low-voltage side are respectively
(SSC-JE-13)
(a) 2.504 and 0.2
(b) 0.2 and 0.008
(c) 0.10016 and 2.504
(d) 0.008 and 0.10016
53. Ans: (b)
Sol: Equivalent resistance refer to high voltage
0.004
side = 0.1
1 / 5 2
= 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2
: 10 :
Electrical Machines
Refer to Low voltage side = 0.004
0.1
52
= 0.008
54. If the frequency of input voltage of a
transformer is decreased keeping the
magnitude of the voltage unchanged, then
(SSC-JE-13)
(a) both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss
in the core will increase
(b) hysteresis loss will increase but eddy
current loss will decrease
(c) hysteresis loss will increase but eddy
current loss will remain unchanged
(d) hysteresis loss will decrease but eddy
current loss will remain unchanged
54. Ans: (c)
Sol: V1 = Constant, frequency is increased
Bm
V
f
Wh V1.6f0.6 We V2
By keeping applied voltage constant, if the
frequency of operation is increased in a
transformer, then there hysteresis loss
increases. Eddy current loss will remain
unchanged
55. Power factor of a transformer on no load is
poor due to
(EPDCL-14)
(a) Magnetizing reactance of the transformer
(b) Open circuited secondary
(c) Low primary winding resistance
(d) Low no-load current
56. Ans: (a)
Sol: At no load magnetizing current is high
magnetizing reactance is low
So power factor angle is high power factor is
low
57. During short circuit test the core losses are
negligible. This is because
(EPDCL-14)
(a) The voltage applied across the high
voltage side is a fraction of its rated
voltage and so is the mutual flux
(b) The current on the low voltage side is
very small
(c) The power factor is high
(d) Iron becomes fully saturated
57. Ans: (a)
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58. The efficiency of a power transformer at

relatively light loads is quite low. This is due
to
(EPDCL-14)
(a) Small copper losses
(b) Small secondary output
(c) High fixed loss in comparison to the
output
(d) Poor power factor
58. Ans: (c)
Sol: At light load, the cu loss less than iron loss.
So iron are relatively high for given output
59. A 2 kVA transformer has iron loss of
150
W and full-load copper loss of 250 W. The
maximum efficiency of the transformer
would when the total loss is
(EPDCL-14)
(a) 500 W
(b) 400 W
(c) 300 W
(d) 100 W
59. Ans: (c)
Sol: max occurs at variable loss = constant loss
Cu loss = 150 W
Total loss = 150 + 150
= 300 W
60. In a auto transformer, power is transferred,
through
(EPDCL-14)
(a) Conduction process only
(b) Induction process only
(c)Both Conduction and Induction processes
(d) Mutual coupling
60. Ans: (c)
Sol: In two winding transformer power
transferred only by induction.
In Auto Transformer power is transferred by
both Conduction and Induction process
61. The turns ratio of autotransformer is
N ac
1.5
a
N bc
b
V1
V2
c
Considering equal loads and for the same

heating in the windings, the ratio of
equivalent resistance of auto transformer to
that of two wining transformer (rating V1/V2)
is
(APSPDCL-14)
(a)
1
2
(b)
1
3
: 11 :
1
6
(c)
1
9
(d)
61. Ans: (d)
K
Rauto K auto
2W 2
R
R2W
K auto
2
K 2W
Sol:
The waveform of secondary induced emf

would be
(a) Volts
75V
0.1 0.12
90V
1 N se
Where, K2-W = 2 N
pe
3
K auto 1.5
2
(b)
Volts
Volts
75V
0.1 0.12
(c)
1
R2W
= 1
k
225V
(d)
Volts
2
1 R2W
3
62. Ans: (c)
N1
N1=200
N2
c
d
0.009
twb
0.06
0.1 < t < 0.12 sec, =

0 0.009
t 0.12
0.12 0.1
0.009
75 V
0.06
0.06 t 0.1 sec, E 2 500 0 0 Volts
0 t 0.06sec, E 2 500
0.009
0.02
0.1 t 0.12 sec, E2 500
N2=500
=225 V
ACE Engg. 0.009

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0
d
dt
0< t< 0.06sec,
62. The core of a two winding transformer is

subjected to magnetic flux variation shown
below:
(APSPDCL-14)
0.1 0.12
30
Sol: E2 N 2
1
R
1
R2W auto
9
R2W 9
+75V
0.06
0.06
0.1 0.12
30
Method: 2
90V
0.06
Rauto K 2W
1 1
R2W K auto 2 3 2 3 2 9

2
Rauto
0.06
0.06
0.1
0.12
t (sec)
: 12 :
Electrical Machines
So option (c) is the correct choice

(Check Diagram)
63. A 3.3 kV/400 V, single phase transformer
required 330 V to allow full load current at
sc 750 . Its voltage regulation at full load,
0.707 lagging is
(APSPDCL-14)
(a) 4.33%
(b) 8.66%
(c) 16.2%
(d) 14.3%
63. Ans: (b)
Sol: Short circuit voltage, VSC = 330 V
% Z = % rated voltage required to produced
rated short circuit.
V
% Z SC 100
E1
330
= 3.3 k 100
=1%
SC = 75 SC = tan 1
%X
%R
%X
% R = 0.288 %
%Z
%X
sin SC
% X = 0.9659%
%Z
cos SC
% Reg = %R cos % X sin

= 0.288 0.707 + 0.96 + 0.9659 0.707
= 8.66 %
(OR)
VSC
cos SC 2
%Reg =
E2
SC 75o
2 = 45o
VSC = 330 V
E2 = 400
% Re g
330
cos 75o 45o
400
330
3
= 8.66%
400
2
64
In a three phase delta transformer, one phase

burns up. The transformer will supply
(ISRO-14)
(a) 57.7% of its rating
(b) zero output
(c) 63% of its output rating
(d) at full output rating
64. Ans: (a)
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Sol: All answers wrong with one transformer in a

- bank burnt, the remaining two can
supply
57.7%
100 of
3
transformer rating without

transformers.
the
3-
overloading
65. In an auto transformer, power is transferred

through
(ISRO-14)
(a) conduction process alone
(b) induction process alone
(c) both conduction and induction processes
(d) mutual coupling
65. Ans: (c)
Sol: In an auto-transformer power is transferred
through both conduction and induction.
There is no electrical isolation between
primary & secondary.
66. Buchholz relay is a
(ISRO-14)
(a) voltage sensitive device
(b) current sensitive device
(c) frequency sensitive device
(d) gas actuated device
66. Ans: (d)
Sol: Buchholz relay is used to protect the
transformer from all internal faults. It is a gas
actuated relay.
67. In Scott connection, if the ratio of the main
transformer is k, then the teaser transformer
has transformation ratio of
(ISRO-14)
(a) 2k / 3
(b) 3k / 2
(c) K / 3
(d) K/2
67. Ans: (a)
68. With core type transformers, the limbs are
stepped so as to
(ISRO-14)
(a) reduce the iron material and therefore
iron loss
(b) provide better cooling
(c) reduce the conductor material and
therefore I2R loss
(d) provide more mechanical strength to the
core
68. Ans: (c)
69. While conducting short-circuit test on a
transformer the following side is short
circuited
(ISRO-14)
: 13 :
(a) High voltage side

(b) low voltage side
(c) primary side
(d) secondary side
69. Ans: (b)
Sol: As rated current is less in H.V side, it is
convenient to conduct the test in H.v side by
short circuiting the L.V winding terminals.
B lags behind H.
70. A delta-star transformer has a phase to phase
voltage transformation ratio of a : 1 [ delta
phase : star phase]. The line to line voltage
ratio of star-delta is given by:
(SSCJE S1-14)
(a)
3
a
(c)
3
a
(b) a
(d)
3
1
a
1
70. Ans: (c)

Sol: Y
a : 1 (phase turns ratio)
Y:
1 : a (phase turns ratio)
3 : a (line turns ratio)
71. A 10 resistive load is to be impedance
matched by a transformer to a source with
6250 of internal resistance. The ratio of
primary to secondary turns of transformer
should be:
(SSCJE S1-14)
(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 20
(d) 25
71. Ans: (d)
Sol: According to Max. Power transfer theorem
6250 = K2 10
K2 = 625
K = 25
72. Hysteresis is the phenomenon in the
magnetic circuit by which
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) H lags behind B
(b) B lags behind H
(c) B and H are always same
(d) setting up a constant
flux is done
72. Ans: (b)

Sol: The BH curve(b)for magnetic circuit is
Saturation
(H)
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Hysteresis
V1
,
V2
V1 > V2, the fraction of power transferred
inductively is proportional to
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) V1/ (V1 + V2)
(b) V2/ V1
(c) (V1 V2)/ (V1 + V2)
(d) (V1 V2)/ V1
73. Ans: (d)
Sol: Power transferred by inductively is
= (1 k) Ptotal
V
1 2 Ptotal
V1
73. In an autotransformer of voltage ratio
V1 V2
Ptotal
V1
74. Stepped core is used in transformer in order

to reduce
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) volume of iron
(b) volume of copper
(c) iron loss
(d) reluctance of core
74. Ans: (b)
Sol: The cross section of transformer core is made
of steps instead of square shape due to
following advantages.
1. Cruciform core reduces the diameter of
circum circle.
2. Due to less dia of circum circle, the
insulating material required is less.
3. Length per one turn is less so that
amount of copper required for winding
can be reduced.
4. Due to above reasons size, weight and
cost of transformer is less with cruciform
core.
5. Cruciform core has more utilization
factor.
: 14 :
Electrical Machines
75. The north pole of a magnet is moved away

from a metallic ring. The induced current in
the ring flows
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) clockwise
(b) anticlockwise
(c) first anticlockwise and then clockwise
(d) first clockwise and then anticlockwise
75. Ans: (b)
Sol: The direction of induced emf or current can
also be find by applying Flat palm rule i.e., If
four fingers are placed along the conductor
such that the flux enters perpendicular palm
and thumb indicates direction of motion of
conductor, then the four fingers indicates the
direction of induced emf or current.
The induced current in the ring flows
anticlockwise.
76. Low voltage windings are placed nearer to
the core in the case of concentric windings
because
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) it reduces hysteresis loss
(b) it reduces eddy current loss
(c) it reduces insulation requirement
(d) it reduces leakage fluxes
76. Ans: (c)
Sol: In concentric winding procedure LV is
placed nearer to the core to get following
advantages.
1.
If LV winding is placed
nearer to the core, then
amount of
insulation required for the transformer
can be reduced.
2.
The amount of copper
required for windings can also be
reduced.
3.
Due
to
above
two
advantages size, weight and cost of
transformer can be reduced.
4.
By placing L.V winding
nearer to the core, leakage flux in the
transformer core can be reduced, there by
increases power transfer capability of
transformer.
77. If K is the phase-to-phase voltage ratio, then
the line-to-line voltage ratio in a 3-phaes Y transformer is
(SSCJE S2-14)
(a) K
(b) K / 3
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(c) 3 K
(d)
78. Ans: (c)
Sol: K phase to phase voltage ratio.
Line-line Y- transformer
3V / V
3/K
3K
79. A transformer has at full load, iron loss of

900 watts and copper loss of 1600 watts.
Then the transformer will have a maximum
efficiency at a load of
(HMWS-15)
(1) 66.6%
(2) 125%
(3) 75%
(4) 133%
79. Ans: (c)
Sol: given Iron loss Wi = 900W
Copper loss Wcu = 1600W
Under maximum efficiency condition
Wi
100 = 900 100 =75%
Load =
Wcu
1600
80. A transformer possesses a percentage
resistance and a percentage reactance of 1%
and 4% respectively. Its voltage regulation at
power factor 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading
would be
(HMWS-15)
(1) 4.8% and 1.6%
(2) 3.2% and 1.6%
(3) 3.2% and 3.2%
(4) 2.4% and 0.8%
80. Ans: (2)
Sol: given that %R = 1%
%X = 4%
Voltage regulation = %Rcos%Xsin
+ for lag
for lead
Now at 0.8 lagging p.f
= (1) 0.8 + 4 0.6
= 3.2 %
Now at 0.8 leading p.f
= 1 0.8 4 0.6
= 1.6 %
81. A 100V/10V, 50VA transformer is converted
to 100V/110V auto transformer, the rating of
the auto transformer is
(HMWS-15)
(1) 100 VA
(2) 500 VA
(3) 110 VA
(4) 550 VA
81. Ans: (4)
Sol: k
L.V 100
H.V 110
: 15 :
Auto transformer rating =

winding
1
two
1 k
1
50
10
transformer=
=550
1
11
VA
82. A transformer takes a current of 0.6 A and
absorbs 64 W when the primary is connected
to its normal supply of 200v, 50Hz, the
secondary being on open circuit. The iron
loss component of current is
(HMWS-15)
(1) 0.32 A
(2) 0.43A
(3) 1 A
(4) 0.2 A
82. Ans: (1)
Sol: Given that I0 = 0.6 A,
P0 = 64 W,
V = 200V,
P0 = V1I0cos0
P0 V1 I w
(Iw = I0cos0 iron loss component of current)
P
64
Iw 0
0.38
V1 200
83. In case of power transformer, the no load
current in terms of full load primary current
is
(HMWS-15)
(1) 40 to 50%
(2) 15 to 30%
(3) 30 to 40%
(4) 3 to 5%
83. Ans: (4)
Sol: The no load current of a power transformer
is 3% to 5% of full load primary current.
84. The core of a transformer is made of
(TGenco-15)
(a) silicon steel
(b) annealed copper
(c) seasoned wood
(d) aluminum
84. Ans (a)
85. The core of a transformer is assembled with
laminated sheets to reduce
(TGenco-15)
(a) hysteresis loss
(b) eddy-current loss
(c) magnetic noise
(d) magnetizing current
Ans(b)
86. The emf induced in the secondary winding of
a 50 Hz single-phase transformer having
1000 turns on its secondary is 222 V. The
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maximum flux density in the core is 0.1

Wb/m2. The cross-sectional area of the core
is
(TGenco-15)
(a) 0.1 m2
(b) 0.01 m2
(c) 1 m2
(d) 0.001 m2
86. Ans: (b)
Sol: e.m.f induced per turn
222
0.222V
1000
emf / turn 4.44 Bmax A net f
0.222 = 4.440.1Anet
Anet = 0.01m2
volts / turn
50
87. An additional condition for parallel operation

of three-phase transformers over singlephase transformers is that
(TGenco-15)
(a) the transformers should belong to the
same vector group
(b) ratios of the winding resistance to
resistances for the transformers should be
equal
(c) the transformers should have the same
kVA ratings
(d) the transformers should not belong to the
same vector group
87. Ans: (a)
Sol: Conditions for parallel operating of two
transformers are given below.
(1) Two transformers have same phase
sequence
(2) Two transformers are connected to same
polarities.
(3) Two transformers are belong to same
vector group.
88. The inrush current of a transformer at no
load is maximum if the supply voltage is
switched on
(TSTransco-15)
(a) at peak voltage value
(b) at zero voltage value
(c) at half voltage value
(d) at 0.866 time voltage value
88. Ans (b)
89. A transformer has negative voltage
regulation when its load power factor is
(TSTransco-15)
(a) Zero
(b) Unity
(c) Leading
(d) Lagging
89. Ans: (c)
: 16 :
Electrical Machines
Sol: Negative voltage regulation is possible only

with leading power factor load.
90. The below figure shows two coils with
coupling coefficient of 0.6, L1= 0.4H and
L2 = 2.5H. The mutual inductance M is equal
to
(TSTransco-15)
M
+
v1
L1
+
L2
v2
(a) 0.6H
(b) 2.9 H
(c) 2.1 H
(d) 1.45 H
90. Ans: (a)
Sol: mututal inductance, M = k L1L 2
Coupling co-efficient, k = 0.06
Self-inductance, L1 = 0.4H
Self-inductance, L2 = 2.5H
M 0.06 2.5 0.4
M = 0.6H
91. Two transformers, each having iron loss of
Pi watts and full-load copper loss of P c, are
put to back to back test and full-load current
is allowed to flow through the secondaries,
the total input power will be
(TSTransco-15)
(a) 2Pi
(b) Pc
(c) Pi + Pc
(d) 2(Pi + Pc)
91. Ans: (d)
Sol: back-to back test (or) sumpners test is
conducted on transformers for determining
the temperature rise. It required two identical
transformers.
Two transformers,
each having iron losses = Pi
Two transformers, each having full-load
cupper loss = PC
The total input power, P = 2[Pi +Pc]
92. The desirable properties of transformer core
material are
(TSTransco-15)
(a) low permeability and low hysteresis loss
(b) high permeability and high hysteresis
loss
(c) high permeability and low hysteresis loss
(d) low permeability and hysteresis loss
93. Ans: (c)
Sol: Desirable properties of transformers core are
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(i) Permeability of transformer core high

(ii) Iron losses in transformer core is less
(iii)
The resistance of transformer
winding is zero
(iv)Magnetization curve (or) B-H curve is
linear for transformer core
94. The phase difference between any two
successive third harmonic voltages in 3-
transformer is :
(TSSPDCL-15)
(a) zero radians
(b) /2 radians
(c) /3 radians
(d) 2/3 radians
94. Ans: (a)
Sol: Va = Vmsin3t
Vb = Vm sin (3t 360)
= Vm sin3t
VC = Vm sin 3(t + 120)
= Vm sin 3t
Phase difference = 0 0
= 0
95. At full-load of a transformer, the iron loss
and copper loss are 3000 W and 4000 W
respectively. Then total loss at maximum
efficiency is:
(TSSPDCL-15)
(a) 7000 W
(b) 6000 W
(c) 8000 W
(d) 4000 W
95. Ans: (b)
Sol: At maximum efficiency Pcu= Piron
Total losses = 2Piron = 2 3000 = 6000 W
96. Two 3- transformers cannot be operated in
parallel, if their:
(TSSPDCL-15)
(a) kVAs are different
(b) phase sequences are different
(c) % impedances are different
(d) voltage ratios are different
96. Ans: (b)
97. A transformer operates 24 hours day at fullload. Its full-load efficiency is:
(TSSPDCL-15)
(a) equal all-day efficiency
(b) more than all day efficiency
(c) less than all-day efficiency
(d) equal to maximum efficiency
97. Ans: (a)
: 17 :
98. From an open circuit test on a transformer, the

no load power factor was determined. Out of
the following choices which is the most
likely value.
(TSNPDCL-15)
(a) 0.9
(b) unity
(c) 0.8
(d) 0.4
98. Ans: (d)
Sol: No load power factor of transformer varies
from 0.2lag to 0.4lag .
99. Consider the following statements
(1) Magnetising current in a 1- transformer
is sinusoidal
(2) Magnetising currents in the 3- phase
supply lines of a 3- phase transformer are
sinusoidal
(3) Magnetising current in a 1- transformer
is non sinusoidal but the induced
voltages are sinusoidal
(TSNPDCL-15)
The correct statements are
(a) (1) and (3)
(b) (2) only
(c) (2) and (3)
(d) (1) only
99. Ans: (c)
Sol: statement 1) Magnetising current in a 1-
transform is non-sinusoidal i.e., peaky wave.
statement 2. Magnetising currents in the 3phase supply lines of a 3- phase transformer
are sinusoidal, because 3rd harmonic current
can not follow from line to line, which is true
.
Statement 3: Magnetising current in a 1
Transformer is non-sinusoidal (Peaky) but
the induced voltages are sinusoidal, which is
true
So option C is correct
100. In a star-delta connected 3 transformer,
supplied with 11 kV on star side, the line
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current is 20 A. per phase turns ratio is 11.

The secondary line voltage and line current
are :
(TSNPDCL-15)
(a) 577 V, 381 A (b) 550 V, 220 A
(c) 635 V, 381 A (d) 1 kV, 220 A
100. Ans: (a)
V1ph
N1
11
Sol: given turns ratio =
=
N2
V2 ph
11 10 3
V2,ph =
= 577
3 11
I 2 ph
I1ph
= 11 I2ph = 11 20
I2 line =
1120= 381 A
101. In a transformer the core is laminated to

reduce:
(TSNPDCL-15)
(a) copper losses in the core
(b) hysterisis losses only
(c) hysterisis and eddy current losses
(d) eddy current losses only
101. Ans: (d)
Sol: In a transformer the core is laminated to
reduce, eddy current losses only.
102. A short circuit test on a 1 , 4 kVA, 200/400
V, 50 Hz transformer gave following results
HV side : 15 V, 10 A, 80 W.
The percentage regulation on full load unity
power factor is :
(TSNPDCL-15)
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 1
(d) 2
102. Ans: (a)
Sol: The percentage regulation on full load unity
power factor =% R
from short circuit test % R
WSC
80
100 = 2%
= VA rating 100 =
4000

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Transformers

01. Two transformers with leakage impedance

the ratio of SA & SB is

03. A transformer is working at its full load and

Load sharing equation of two transformers

Sol: All day efficiency is depends on load

04. A 2 kVA transformer has iron loss of 150W

By solving these equations

08. Ans: (b)

06. A 100 kVA single phase transformer exhibits

Full Load kVA rating of Autotransformer

07. A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 400

09. A single phase transformer has resistance

08. A 25 kVA, 2000/200V, two winding

of full load. The ratio of its iron loss

(pi) and full load copper loss (pc), is

10. Ans: (c)

10. A transformer has maximum efficiency at

11. The following connection of three single

(a) 3-phase to 2-phase conversion

ZPF lead p.f

120 2 120 180

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

ZPF lag p.f

Secondary phase voltages:

12. A transformer can have regulation closer to

From the vector diagram, we can say that

Slope of V. R curve for lag p.f loads is

Copper losses at half full load

14. A 440/110V, 1-phase Transformer has a

Where Wi = iron losses.

17. In a 50 kVA, 1-phase Transformer, the iron

15. Which of the following Transformers should

without change in voltage and currents

23. If a transformer core has air gaps, then

(a) iron loss component of I0 is large

30. We can find of the transformer with

Sol: Cupper losses at half full-load

32. In short circuit test on a transformer, we

core losses neglected

(a) not possible

36. In transformers, which of the following

I(req cos x eq sin )

for lagging power factors and sign for

Full load copper losses =2 kW

(a) 10W, 50W (b) 1W,5 W

Bmax = Maximum flux density.

50. Two parallel conductors carrying current in

Where e is the emf induced, N is the number

52. Silicon content in iron lamination is kept

Refer to Low voltage side = 0.004

58. The efficiency of a power transformer at

Considering equal loads and for the same

61. Ans: (d)

The waveform of secondary induced emf

62. Ans: (c)

0.1 < t < 0.12 sec, =

0.1 t 0.12 sec, E2 500

ACE Engg. 0.009

0< t< 0.06sec,

62. The core of a two winding transformer is

So option (c) is the correct choice