9000011975 HONOOOE OY UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE Session: 2002/2003 Semester: A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences Department of Electronic, Communications and Electrical Engineering ‘Module Code: 2ELE0037 gital Capture and Manipulation DURATION OF EXAM: 2 hours THE FOLLOWING IS PROVIDED FOR THIS EXAMINATION: ‘One answer book INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Candidates are required to answer three questions. All questions carry equal marks. Use of University approved calculators is ALLOWED ‘The mark allocations indicated are approximate only, and are intended to guide candidates on how much time to spend on each part. This paper consists of FIVE questions on THREE pages, Page 1 of 3@ (o) © @ © @ () © @ © @ (>) © Explain the difference between a continuous and a discrete signal. (20%) What are the advantages of digital signals compared with analogue ones? (20%) What is the sampling theorem? (15%) What is a band-limited signal? (15%) ‘When one sine wave is modulated with another, two frequencies are produced. How are they related to the two original frequencies? Using this answer, explain the sampling theorem in terms of additional frequencies created as a result of the sampling process. (30%) Explain what is meant by luminance. State the equation for luminance in terms of its RGB colour components. (20%) Explain how the remaining colour information is transmitted (15%) With the aid of a diagram give an analysis of a composite video signal (25%) Explain the differences between PAL and NTSC. (10%) Explain the principles of magnetic recording, (30%) Discuss the stages of JPEG encoding (40%) Draw the following discrete cosine transforms: (i) DC component (ii) Horizontal DC, maximum frequency vertical (iii) Vertical DC, Maximum horizontal frequency (iv) Maximum frequency both vertical and horizontal (20%) Which of the above is most likely to have the highest energy level? (6%) Page 2 of 3@ © @ () @ 0) Outline the different types of MPEG pictures, their features and how they are used for motion compression. (25%) Why is picture reordering needed? (10%) Four sinusoidal signals (Si, S2, Ss and $4) with equal amplitude but different frequencies. Signal S; has 10 Hz frequency, signal S; has 20 Hz frequency, signal S has 50 Hz frequency and signal S, has 100 Hz frequency. The four signals have been added to each other to produce a fifth signal D as expressed by the equation: D=S,+S2+83+S The signal D is filtered in order to pass one or more of the signals $1, S2, Ss and S, and attenuate the rest of the signals. The signal D has been applied to a filter, which has ideal characteristics, to get the signal F where F is the output of the Filter. ‘Suppose that the filters’ costs can be ranked as follows starting with the cheapest filter: low pass filter, high pass filter, band pass filter and band stop filter, You are required to use the cheapest possible filter if possible. In the following cases determine the filter type to be used and draw its frequency response. Also annotate the x-axis of the frequency response of each filter you use. @ FRS (i) F=S, Gi) F=S:+S5 (iv) F=Si+S, (60%) Draw a block diagram of a second order finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter. (40%) Explain in detail the anatomy of an mp3 file. (0%) Explain the ripping principles of a compact disk (CD) and state one too! (program) to achieve this. (50%) Page 3 of 3