Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
CONSTRUCTION WORKS
2008
Module 19 Roadworks
Introduction
The Standard Specifications are published as a series of 21 stand-alone modules each addressing
a single distinct area of the construction process. This stand-alone module 19 is an integral part of
the Standard Specifications.
The purpose of the MoW STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION is to provide the
design professional with a guide for accepted construction practices for Ministry of Works projects.
As an aid to the designer, these Standard Specifications are provided for the inclusion in proposed
development projects for ease, efficiency and cost savings.
The Standard Specifications are not intended to limit the design responsibility of the design
professional. However, they establish a minimum acceptable criterion and/or quality for use within
Ministry of Works projects.
The design professional may increase the requirements of an item contained in the Standard
Specifications to meet job requirements, but when this is done, there should be no reference for
that item on the drawings to the Ministry of Works Standard Specifications and a new specification
should be included with the drawings or project contract documents.
The design professional must review all Standard Specifications to be sure that they are adequate
for the proposed project based on the job site conditions; the design professional is solely
responsible for the designs submitted under his seal.
In order to keep design standards current with changing regulations and improved construction
materials and practices this section will be updated and maintained by the concerned authorities of
the Ministry of Works. Prior to starting a new project, the design professional should contact the
concerned Directorate of the Ministry of Works to verify that he/she has the latest document
revisions.
Page 1
Module List
Module
No
Module Title
Concrete
Earthworks
Ironmongery
Metalwork
10
Roofing
11
12
Structural Timber
13
Masonry
14
15
16
Electrical Installation
17
18
19
Roadworks
20
Landscaping
21
Page 2
Table of Contents
CLAUSE
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Introduction
Module List
Table of Contents
Foreword
PART 1 MATERIALS
1.1
1.2
Sub-Base 6
1.3
1.4
Physical Properties for Subgrade Improvement Layer, Sub-base, Road Base and
Capping Layer 8
1.5
Material Suitability Tests for Subgrade Improvement Layer, Sub-base, Road base and
Capping Layer 8
1.6
1.7
Asphalt Mixes... 10
1.8
1.9
Kerbs.. 21
1.10
Road Marking21
1.11
Traffic Signs. 23
1.12
1.13
1.14
Vehicle Parapets. 29
2.1
2.2
31
Page 3
2.3
Sub-base35
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
Kerbs ....................................................................................................................................... 49
2.11
2.12
Traffic Signs............................................................................................................................. 51
2.13
2.14
PART 3 SUMMARY
3.1
Reference Documents............................................................................................................. 55
55
Abbreviations
61
Page 4
Foreword
This specification provides the basis for roadworks. It covers the main requirements for selecting
materials, identifying the methodology and workmanship.
This specification must be read in its entirety, as it is structured in order of work-flow, which means
that items or activities appear in several places in the specification corresponding to the progression
of the construction process.
For larger or more complex or specialist projects, a project-specific Particular Specification for
roadworks may also be provided.
Absence of clauses for materials and methods does not necessarily signify that they can not be
used. Proposals for use of innovative methods and materials are encouraged and are subject to
review and approval by the Client.
Where the word approved is used in this specification, this means that the Client or Engineer has
been consulted and has confirmed that the item or procedure is acceptable in the specific context for
which approval has been requested.
Page 5
PART 1 MATERIALS
1.1
1.1.1
General
Subgrade improvement layer material as described in the following clauses is for use as
a lower sub base or subgrade improvement layer (that is, a prepared subgrade layer).
Subgrade improvement layer material shall be crushed rock or naturally occurring gravel,
which is clean and free from organic matter, clay balls and other deleterious materials.
Where permitted by the design, the use of dredged sand shall be permitted in some
cases. General requirements, sample preparation, classification and testing of subgrade
improvement layer shall be in accordance with BS 1377 and BS 812 or equivalent
standards. Physical properties shall be as described in Table 1.4.
1.1.2
Grading
The material shall be well graded and complying with the following grading envelopes
when tested in accordance with the wet sieve method in BS 812: Part 103.
Table 1.1 Grading of Subgrade Improvement Layer
1.1.3
Percentage by Weight
Passing Square Mesh
75
37.5
20
5
0.600
0.075
100
85 100
55 100
20 65
8 45
0 20
1.2
Sub-Base
1.2.1
General
Sub-base material shall be crushed rock or naturally occurring gravel, which is clean and
free from organic matter, clay balls and other deleterious materials. General
requirements, sample preparation, classification and testing of sub base shall be in
accordance with BS 1377 and BS 812 or equivalent standards. Physical properties shall
be as described in Table 1.4. Where permitted by the design, the use of dredged sand
will be permitted in some cases.
1.2.2
Grading
The material shall be well graded and comply with the following grading envelopes when
tested in accordance with the wet sieve method in BS 812: Part 103.
Page 6
1.2.3
Percentage by Weight
Passing Square Mesh
75
37.5
20
5
0.600
0.075
100
95 100
65 75
25 50
8 30
0 10
1.3
1.3.1
General
Material for wet-mix road base shall be crushed rock or crushed gravel. Aggregate
retained on 5 mm BS sieve may contain up to 35% of pieces with one uncrushed face in
each grading size. Aggregate from quarried rock shall be deemed to satisfy this
requirement. Unless stated otherwise, testing of road base materials and workmanship
shall be carried out in accordance with BS 812 and BS 1377 or equivalent standard.
1.3.2
Grading
The material shall be well graded and comply with the following grading envelopes when
tested in accordance with the wet sieve method in BS 812: Part 103.
Table 1.3 Road Base Grading
BS Sieve Size (mm)
Percentage by Weight
Passing Square Mesh
50
37.5
20
10
5
2.36
0.6
0.075
100
95 100
65 80
40 60
25 40
15 30
8 22
28
The fraction passing the 0.075 mm sieve shall not exceed two-thirds of the fraction
passing the 0.600 mm sieve.
Page 7
1.3.3
1.4
Sub-base,
Road
Base, and
Capping
Layer
Subgrade
Improvement
Layer
25%
35%
3%
No requirement
non plastic
2%
2%
30
No requirement
30
No requirement
12%
20%
30%
50%
0.2%
0.5%
1%
1%
0.5%
0.5%
** Where an aggregate has higher water absorption than 2% its use may be
permitted by the Engineer providing adequate evidence of past performance can
be produced.
1.5
Page 8
not vary at any point more than 10 mm above or below the grade established by the
Engineer.
The following tests shall be conducted: Initial laboratory tests for assessment of suitability
of proposed materials:
Table 1.5 Laboratory Test to Assess Material Suitability
Test
Frequency
Sub base
1.2.2 and 1.2.3, and Table 1.4
Road Base
1.3.2 and 1.3.3, and Table 1.4
Capping Layer
1.3.2 and Table 1.4
Laboratory tests to monitor the consistency of the approved materials during construction
should be as displayed in Table 1.6 below:
Table 1.6 Laboratory Test to Monitor Material Consistency
Test
Moisture
content
density
relationship
to
determine
optimum dry density and
moisture content.
BS 1377: Part 4: Test 3.7
(Vibrating Hammer)
Grading and moisture content:
Wet sieve method in BS 812:
Part 103
Plasticity Index
BS 1377: Part:2: Test 5
Notes
1.6
Page 9
The objective of these trials is to determine the adequacy of the Contractors equipment,
the loose depth measurements necessary to result in the specified compacted layers
depths, the field moisture content, and the relationship between the number of
compaction passes and the resulting density of the material.
The Contractor may proceed with the Wet-mix road base work only after the methods and
procedures established in the compaction trials have been approved by the Engineer.
1.7
Asphalt Mixes
1.7.1
1.7.2
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate is defined as that fraction retained on a 5.0 mm BS sieve. It shall have
physical properties which do not exceed the following test values (Table 1.7 below):
Table 1.7 Coarse Aggregate Test Values
Test
Los Angeles Abrasion
Loss (ASTM C131 &
C535)
Aggregate Crushing Value
(BS 812 Part 110)
Soundness Loss (ASTM
C88) Magnesium
Sulphate
Acid soluble Chlorides
(BS 812 Part 117)
Acid soluble Sulphates
(BS812 Part 118)
Flakiness Index (BS 812
Part 105.1
Elongation Index (BS 812
Part 105.2)
Water Absorption (ASTM
C128/127)**
Clay lumps and friable
content
(ASTM C142)
PSV (Where specified)
BS 812 Part 114
Permitted max
25
25%
6%
1.0%
0.5%
25
25
2%
0.5%
48 MIN
2 results in preceding 6
months
** Where an aggregate has higher water absorption than 2% its use may be
permitted by the Engineer providing adequate evidence of past performance can
be proven.
Page 10
At least 90% by weight of the aggregate in individual size fraction shall have three or
more crushed faces. Each crushed face shall have an area equal to a greater than 75%
of the area of the smallest mid-sectional area of the piece, and the angle between
adjacent faces shall not be less than 30.
1.7.3
Fine aggregate
Fine aggregates shall have properties which comply with the values in Table 1.8 (below).
Fine aggregates shall be that fraction passing 5.0 mm sieve and shall consist of natural
sand, quarry sand or crushed rock produced in a secondary plant. It shall be non-plastic
and free from loosely bonded aggregations, organic and other foreign matter.
Table 1.8 Fine Aggregate Test Values
Test
Permitted Max
10%
Minimum Test
Frequency
Annual per source
0.1%
0.5%
Non-Plastic
Every 200T of
delivered material
per project
Every 200T of
delivered material
per project
Annual per source
1.7.4
Colour of supernatant
liquid shall be lighter
than standard solution
3%
3%
Every 200T of
delivered material
per project
Filler
Mineral filler shall consist of finely ground particles of limestone or cement in accordance
with ASTM D-242 or BS EN 197: Part 1. It shall be thoroughly dry and free from organic
substances and clay and meet the grading requirements in Table 1.9 below:
Table 1.9 Mineral Filler
Mineral Filler
BS Sieve
ASTM Sieve
Percentage by Mass
Passing
600 microns
No. 30
100
300 microns
No. 50
95 100
150 microns
No. 100
90 100
75 microns
No. 200
70 100
Page 11
The bulk density in benzene shall be between 0.5 g/ml and 0.95 g/ml. The part of the
mineral filler which is retained on the 75 micron BS sieve shall be regarded as fine
aggregate.
1.7.5
GW20 (TM5)
L10
100
28 mm
84 100
100
20 mm
70 92
96 100
14 mm
57 82
83 91
100
10 mm
48 - 74
73 81
88 100
5 mm
36 60
57 65
65 84
2.36 mm
26 47
42 48
40 65
1.18 mm
18 38-
29 35
27 50
600 microns
13 30
20 26
17 40
300 microns
9 21
13 19
10 30
150 microns
6 16
7 13
7 20
75 microns
48
4.4 7.4
3 10
50 90
40 65
50 max
37.5 mm
Compacted
thickness (mm)
Page 12
1.7.6
Storage of Aggregate
Aggregate, and chippings for surface dressing, shall be stored so that segregation,
intermixing of different aggregates and contamination by dirt and other foreign materials
is prevented. In general, each size of aggregate shall be stored separately.
Stockpiles shall be on concrete or other approved hard surfaces laid to falls so that water
is not retained in the base of the stockpiles and deleterious matter does not contaminate
the aggregate.
Stockpiles are to be at least 2 m in height built up in layers of not more than 1 m in
thickness. Each layer shall be completely in place before beginning the next, which shall
not be allowed to '
cone'down over the under layer.
Coarse and fine aggregate shall be supplied and stockpiled separately. In all cases,
separate stockpiles shall be provided for aggregates from different sources of supply.
If aggregates of different gradings or from different sources are stockpiled in close
proximity, the stockpiles shall be separated by bulk-heads.
All aggregates are shall handled from the stockpile or other sources to the cold bins in
such a manner as to ensure a uniform grading of the material, care being taken to avoid
crushing or mixing of the aggregates and to ensure that they remain free from extraneous
matter.
Filler shall be stored in dry conditions.
1.7.7
Bitumen
Bitumen shall be of Grade 50/70 penetration in accordance with BS EN 12591.
If directed by the Engineer, a certificate shall be obtained from the supplier stating the
grade of bitumen and the relative density.
At least two weeks before any proposed trial, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer
with a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity and the temperature of the
bitumen.
Bitumen supplied as binder shall meet the following requirements:
Table 1.11 Required Properties of Bitumen
Bitumen Property
Limit of Requirement
60-70
250 min
100 min
52 min
Page 13
Limit of Requirement
50 min
50-58
Solubility
in
Trichloroethane %
Trichloroethylene
or
99 min
175 min
Drop in penetration
20% max
1.7.8
1.7.8.1
Design mixtures for at least 5 bitumen contents 0.5% apart shall be prepared by
Marshall Method and tested to determine the following parameters:
mix density
voids in mix
stability
flow
The bitumen content to be selected for the job standard mix shall be the average
value of bitumen contents as determined from 5 tested specimens for:
maximum stability
The values of the parameters (mix density, voids in mix, voids in mineral
aggregates, stability, and flow) at the bitumen content selected for the Job
Standard Mix shall match the limits specified in Table 1.12.
Bulk Specific Gravity of specimens: ASTM D1188. The values for specific gravities
of the aggregates to be used in calculating the voids shall be taken as the mean of
the Bulk, Apparent and Effective Specific Gravities as defined in the American
Asphalt Institute publication '
Mix Design Methods for Asphaltic Concrete'
.
Surface course mix shall be subjected to further Marshall Tests at 80C after oven
heating for a period of 2 hours; the stability/flow ratio shall not fall below 270 at this
temperature.
Mixes with a bitumen content corresponding to the maximum allowable for the
selected job mix shall be compacted to refusal, or to 600 blows whichever shall be
reached first, and the resulting voids-in-mix values shall not be less than 3%.
B28
GW20
(TM5)
L10
75
4-8
13 min
8
2-4
330
3-7
25% max
75
4-7
14 min
10
2-4
75
4-8
14 min
8
2 4.5
3.5-4.1
25% max
5-8
25% max
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
Bitumen
0.3%
Voids in mix
1%
Page 15
The application of the above deviation percentages shall not result in values of the
parameters falling outside those specified in the clause above covering the design and
testing of asphalt mixes.
1.7.8.3
Laboratory Design: The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his
approved details of the '
Laboratory Design Mix'at least two weeks before the
proposed Trial Mix. The proposed '
Laboratory Design Mix'shall be determined
by the Contractor in accordance with section 1.8.8.1 and 1.8.8.2 of this
Specification.
(b)
(c)
Trial Area: If the results of the trial batch are satisfactory, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer details of the proposed laying and compaction plant
and method of working at least two weeks before it is intended to commence
full scale production. The trial area shall be laid and compacted with the
proposed plant. If the trial area indicates that the Trial Mix is unsatisfactory for
mechanical spreading and compacting, the Contractor shall prepare a new
Design Mix.
The trial area shall comply with the following requirements:
The surface shall comply with the relevant requirements of Section 2.1 of
this Specification.
The area shall include for both the maximum and minimum proposed
thicknesses.
The trial area shall not form part of the permanent works unless
specifically permitted by the Engineer who must be satisfied that the
requirements above can be met without detriment to the works.
Page 16
1.7.9
(d)
(e)
(f)
Approval Certificates: If the trial shows that the supplier can consistently
produce and compact material to comply with this specification a certificate will
be issued endorsed by MoW/MED. This certificate will expire after a period of
12 months. Over the period of approval the plant, separate constituents and
mixed material will be checked regularly. If the materials are found not to
comply with the certified "Job Standard Mix", or the plant found to be not in
good working order, the approval certificate may be withdrawn, and a new trial
procedure will be necessary for re-approval.
1.7.10
Page 17
Tack coat shall be bituminous emulsion complying with BS 434, either anionic class Al-40
or cationic class Kl-40, or rapid curing cut-back bitumen conforming to BS 434 (road oil
shall not be used).
The tack coat shall not be permitted to collect in hollow, and shall be allowed to break or
cure before laying commences.
The tack coat shall be applied uniformly by vehicular mechanical tank sprayer pressure
units complying with BS 1707 as appropriate, at a spread rate of at least 0.5 litres/m2.
Where the shape or size of an area to be sprayed precludes vehicular access, with the
approval of the Engineer pressure spraying equipment for hand spraying shall be
permitted.
With the exception of necessary construction vehicles, traffic shall not be allowed on the
tack coat.
Care shall be taken to protect the surfaces of all structures such as kerbs from being
marred or defaced during the operation.
If instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall submit for approval a certificate of test
from an independent test authority not more than three months old, showing that the
uniformity of distribution from the spray bar of each spraying unit meets the requirements
of the appropriate British Standard. If instructed by the Engineer, the distributor shall be
checked at least once in every month to ensure consistent rate of spread, and the
Certificates submitted to the Engineer.
1.8
1.8.1
Form of Construction
Concrete block surfacing shall consist of precast concrete blocks on a sand laying course
30 mm thick on wet-mix road base on sub base over the sub grade. When the blocks are
laid in footpaths the road base layer shall be omitted.
1.8.2
Laying Course
The laying course shall consist of clean sand in accordance with Tables 1.14 and 1.15
below. The sand shall be obtained from a single source, allowed to drain before use and
covered to minimise moisture changes.
Page 18
Application
IA
IB
Industrial pavements
Loading bays
II
III
IV
Private drives
Areas receiving pedestrian traffic only
Footways likely to be overridden by no more than occasional vehicular traffic
Category IB
Category II
Category III
Category IV
5 mm
90-100
90-100
90-100
89-100
89-100
2.36 mm
75-100
75-100
75-100
65-100
65-100
1.18 mm
55-90
55-90
55-90
45-100
45-100
600 m
35-65
35-65
35-65
25-80
25-80
300 m
10-45
10-45
10-45
5-48
5-48
150 m
0-10
0-10
0-10
0-15
0-15
75 m
0.3 max
0-0.5
0-1.5
0-3
0-5
Acid-soluble sulphate and chloride contents shall not exceed 0.3% (as S03) and 0.5% (as
NaCl) by weight respectively. Tests shall be carried out to confirm achievement of these
requirements at the rate of one set of tests for each 500 m2.
Page 19
1.8.3
Surface Course
Concrete paving blocks shall be manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1338 and laid
in accordance with BS 7533: Part 3. Blocks shall be delivered to site undamaged,
unbroken, and not chipped and they need to be checked visually before use.
1.8.4
1.8.5
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate shall not contain more than 25% by weight of soluble calcium carbonate
in either the fraction retained on or the fraction passing a 600 micron BS sieve.
1.8.6
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate shall be material retained on a 4.75 mm BS sieve; the nominal
maximum size shall be 10 mm. The grading shall comply with BS EN 12620, Table 4 so
that when mixed with sand and cement a high density concrete is produced.
1.8.7
1.8.8
Dimensional Accuracy
Block dimensions shall be measured using steel callipers and a steel rule capable of
measuring up to 300 mm to an accuracy of 1 mm.
The thickness of each sample shall be measured to the nearest 1mm at four different
points using steel callipers. The value of the thickness measured shall have a maximum
deviation of 2 mm from the specified thickness.
The length and width shall be measured to the nearest 1mm across two opposite faces
using steel callipers. The values of length and width measured shall have a maximum
deviation of 2 mm from the specified dimensions, or the manufacturers theoretical
dimensions.
1.8.9
Water Absorption
Blocks are required to be tested for water absorption. The test shall be based on that
specified in BS EN 1338 Appendix E, and the maximum acceptable limits for water
absorption shall be:
The acceptable limits for water absorption may be required to be varied to achieve the
minimum absorption compatible with the aggregate approved for use in the paving
blocks.
Page 20
1.8.10
Colour
The colour of blocks shall be uniform and as detailed on the Drawings or as directed.
Samples of each different colour shall be submitted for approval.
1.9
Kerbs
Kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants shall be precast concrete and shall comply with
BS EN 1339 except as amended herein.
Straight kerbs and edgings shall be hydraulically pressed.
The cement used in the manufacture shall be sulphate-resisting Portland Cement
3
complying with BS 4027. The minimum cement content shall be not less than 370 kg/m .
The coarse aggregate used in the manufacture shall be obtained from an approved
source.
All plant and machinery used in the manufacture shall be operated by qualified and
experienced personnel.
Sizes, shapes, and designation shall be as the UK annex to BS EN 1340 (figures and
designations from BS 7263-3: 2001).
The characteristic strength of kerbs, channels, and quadrants shall be 5.0 MPa.
The characteristic strength of edgings shall be 3.5 MPa.
Precast concrete kerbs and edgings described as '
pressed'shall be made by employing a
pressure of not less than 7 MPa over the entire surfaces receiving the pressure (7 MPa =
2
7 MN/m = 1,015 psi).
Kerbs shall be delivered to site undamaged, broken, or chipped. They shall be checked
visually before being used.
1.10
Road Marking
1.10.1
General
Permanent road markings shall be thermoplastic road marking material or paint in
accordance with BS EN 1871 and shall be suitable for road surface temperatures of up to
80C. Road trials for road markings shall be in accordance with BS EN 1824.
Road markings shall be white or yellow (Classes Y1 and Y2) complying with BS EN 1436
Table 6, as appropriate except where an alternative shade has been specified. The
markings shall consist of continuous or intermittent lines, letters, figures, arrows or
symbols and comply with the following sub-Clauses. The width tolerances and thickness
for screed, spray, preformed and extruded white or yellow lines shall be as specified but
in no case shall any materials be laid more than 6 mm thick. Road marking materials
shall be white or yellow (Classes Y1 and Y2) complying with BS EN 1436 Table 6, unless
otherwise specified.
They shall be also tested in road trials to the Roll-over class P5 in accordance with the
procedure stated in BS EN 1824 to demonstrate compliance with the performance
requirements.. The test report shall give particulars of the quality and quantity of the
material, including drop on glass beads laid at the test site for future reference and
comparison purposes should such a need arise.
Page 21
1.10.2
Performance
Road markings shall have the following road performance as defined in BS EN 1436 for
the period of the functional life starting from the date of application or when the road is
trafficked, whichever is later. The materials to be used shall be to the same mix, material
quality, quantity and rate of application as used on the test site.
Property
BS EN 1436
Requirement
Value
Colour
Table 6
1. White
2. Yellow
x, y, co-ordinates given
Class Y1, Y2
Luminance
Table 5
Factor
1. Class B2
2. Class B1
x y co-ordinates given
0.3
0.2
Skid resistance
Table 7
1. Class S1
2. Class S1
45
45
Retroreflectivity
Table 2 Class of RL
for dry markings
1. Class R2
2. Class R1
100
80
Where specified, all white markings shall be reflectorised and with glass beads in
accordance with BS EN 1423 and BS EN 1424 by incorporation (apart from preformed
markings) into the road marking mixture and to the wet surface of the marking. The glass
beads shall not have more than 1,000 ppm of Arsenic Trioxide, 200 ppm of Lead and
1,000 ppm of Antimony. The Contractor shall supply test certificates showing compliance
with these requirements. Solid glass beads complying with BS EN 1423 shall be
incorporated at 10% to 12% by weight of total mix. They shall also be applied to the
surface of the markings at the rate of 400 g/m2 to 500 g/m2.
Where there is requirement for improved visibility in wet conditions at night, products
showing the following performance shall be used.
Property
BS EN 1436
Requirement
Value
Class RW3
50
Reference
Retroreflectivity
Table 3
Page 22
Where there is a requirement for improved skid resistance products showing the
following performance in addition to other sub-clauses shall be used.
Property
BS EN 1436
Reference
Requirement
Value
Skid Resistance
Table 7
Class S3
55
Reflective Studs
Reflective road marking studs shall be approved and shall comply with BS EN 1463:
Part 2. The colour of the glass lenses and the spacing of studs shall be as indicated on
the Drawings.
1.11
Traffic Signs
1.11.1
1.11.2
Corrosion Protection
Steelwork shall be hot-dip galvanised to BS EN ISO 1461 to achieve a coating of
2
610 g/m (85 microns minimum DFT), and then shop painted in a salt and dust-free
covered area.
Aluminium and steel components shall be insulated from each other at fixing points by
the use of approved non-degradable inert grommets, washers and packing.
Base plates, bolts and posts below ground level shall, in addition, be coated externally
with bitumen in accordance with BS 3416 to a minimum dry film thickness of 300 microns.
Above ground level, posts for warning and regulatory signs shall, in addition, be painted
in black and white horizontal bands with high gloss finish to a minimum DFT of
30 microns.
Galvanised components on which the galvanising has been damaged in transporting,
handling or erection will be rejected, or may be repaired on site, if approved, by the zinc
alloy steel method.
1.11.3
Page 23
All sign face sheeting shall be reflective high intensity grade or Diamond Grade.
Lettering and numerals shall be in both English and Arabic; English characters
shall be of the '
Transport Medium'alphabet for signs with red, blue or green
backgrounds and of the '
Transport Heavy' alphabet for signs with white
background. The Arabic script shall be '
naskh'style with characters so sized that
their general appearance is comparable with the English script.
The Engineer will provide typed Arabic translations of place names and other lettering but
shall at no time be required to give the manufacturer full-size translations or templates.
If dimensions of signs are shown on the drawings they relate to the Standard English title
dimensions. If the size of the Arabic translation dictates that the dimensions of the sign be
increased, the manufacturer shall alter the size so that the Arabic does not appear
cramped.
The Contractor shall submit for approval working drawings and design calculations for
signs, posts and base plates. Fabrication shall not be commenced until approval has
been given.
1.12
1.12.1
General
Road Vehicle Restraint Systems as defined in BS EN 1317: Part 1 shall conform to the
relevant clauses of BS EN 1317 unless otherwise described in the following clauses or on
the Contract Drawings.
1.12.2
Performance Requirements
Performance Class requirements (Containment Level, Impact Severity Level [ISL],
working Width Class, Performance Level, Redirection Zone Class [Z], Permanent Lateral
Displacement Zone Class [D], Performance Class [P], Permanent Lateral.
Displacement Zone [PLDZ] characteristic, Exit Box Class) and other requirements such
as the Length of Need and the maximum height that allows the required visibility shall be
as described on the Contract Drawings.
1.12.3
Acceptance of Proposals
The Contractor shall submit to the SO for acceptance Road Vehicle Restraint Systems to
conform with the Performance Class Requirements and any other requirements specified
on the Contract Drawings
Vehicle Restraint Systems proposed by the Contractor shall be submitted to the SO for
acceptance with supporting information demonstrating compliance with the applicable
part of BS EN 1317 and DD ENV 1317: Part 4. In addition, the Contractor shall submit
any further information requested on the Contract Drawings and documentation showing
compliance with and operation of Quality Assurance/ management systems.
1.12.4
Durability
Safety barriers, vehicle parapets, terminals, transitions and crash cushions shall conform
to the following:
Page 24
All components shall be designed to achieve a serviceable life of not less than:
(a) 20 years for metal safety barriers, terminals, transitions and crash cushions;
(b) 50 years for concrete safety barrier systems, except for temporary safety
barriers where the serviceable life shall be not less than 10 years;
(c) 30 years for metal vehicle parapets and concrete components of combined
metal and concrete vehicle parapets; and
(d) 120 years for concrete vehicle parapets and concrete components of
combined metal and concrete vehicle parapets; and
1.12.5
For metal vehicle parapets and metal components of combined metal and concrete
parapets, the serviceable life shall be obtained without the requirement for any
maintenance other than that resulting from accidental damage.
1.12.6
1.12.6.1 Materials
Materials, fabrication of components, fittings and tolerances shall be as described and
detailed on the Drawings submitted by the Contractor.
Structural concrete, reinforcement, workmanship and other requirements shall conform to
the relevant requirements of this specification.
1.12.7
1.12.8
(i)
All steel components except stainless steel items, reinforcing rings and
reinforcing bars shall be galvanized after shop fabrication to BS EN ISO 1461.
(ii)
The surface preparation and protection against corrosion for steel vehicle
parpet components is as shown on the Contract Drawings.
Welding
1.12.8.1 General
Arc welding of ferritic steels shall conform to BS EN 1011: Part 1 and BS EN 1011:
Part 2. Weld symbols shown on the Drawings, submitted by the Contractor in accordance
with sub-Clause 401.5, shall be as described in BS EN 22553. Welding shall not be used
except as where detailed on the Drawings submitted by the Contractor in accordance
with sub-Clause 401.5. Arc welding of stainless steels shall conform to BS EN 1011:
Part 3. Arc welding of aluminium alloys shall conform to BS EN 1011: Part 1 and BS EN
1011: Part 4.
1.12.8.2 Procedures
Written welding procedures shall be used with testing to BS EN ISO 15607, BS EN ISO
15609: Part 1 and BS EN ISO 15614: Part 1 for steel and BS EN ISO 15607, BS EN ISO
15609: Part 1 and BS EN ISO 15609: Part 2 for aluminium alloys and shall apply to all
Page 25
production and repair procedures. These shall be subject to re-approval after a period of
seven years. When applying BS EN ISO 15607, BS EN ISO 15609: Part 1 and BS EN
ISO 15614: Part 1, the welding consumables and procedures used shall be such that the
mechanical properties of deposited weld metal shall not be less than the respective
minimum specified values of the parent metal being welded. Weld testing shall be
undertaken by an appropriate organisation accredited in accordance with sub-Clauses
105.3 and 105.4. Approval shall be by an Independent Inspecting Authority using
Registered Welding Engineers or Registered Welding Quality Engineers or equivalent.
Welding procedures shall be approved in accordance with BS EN ISO 15613. Preproduction test pieces shall represent the main assembly types.
1.12.8.3 Welder Qualification
All welders shall hold certificates of approval to BS EN 287: Part 1 and BS EN 1418 for
steel and BS EN ISO 9606: Part 2 for aluminium alloys. The tests shall include in addition
an application test on transverse butt welds in beams. Welders carrying out fillet welds
only may be approved to BS 4872: Part 1. Certificates of approval shall be by an
Independent Inspecting Authority using Registered Welding Engineers, Registered
Welding Quality Engineers or Welding Inspectors certified by the Certification Scheme for
Weldment Inspection Personnel (CSWIP) or equivalent. Weld testing shall be undertaken
by an appropriate organisation accredited in accordance with sub-Clauses 105.3 and
105.4.
1.12.8.4 Production Inspection and Testing
The manufacturer shall provide suitable personnel to carry out inspection of production
welds in (a) to (c) below. Personnel conducting visual inspection shall be certified by the
Certification Scheme for Weldment Inspection Personnel (CSWIP) or equivalent at a
competency level appropriate to the type of weld inspected. Personnel conducting nondestructive testing (NDT) shall be certified by the Certification Scheme for Weldment
Inspection Personnel (CSWIP) or equivalent appropriate to the equipment used and the
weld groups inspected all in accordance with BS EN 473. Evidence of training and
qualification shall be retained and made available for examination when required. The
results of all weld inspections shall be recorded.
(a) Visual Inspection
All welded joints shall be subject to visual inspection in accordance with BS EN 970
prior to any NDT and galvanizing. Weld surfaces shall be free of slag residues and
sharp edges. All surfaces shall be free of traces of weld splatter, arc strikes and
contaminants. The apparent throat dimensions of butt welds and the apparent leg
length and apparent throat dimensions of fillet welds, as measured by a welding
gauge, taking into account any known lack of fit, shall not be less than those specified,
except that local shortfalls up to 1 mm may be accepted, provided the average over
any 50 mm length is not less than the specified dimension. The toe angle shall not be
less than 900. The surface of all welds shall be free from cracks, lack of fusion
including overlap, and slag. Isolated discontinuous porosity may be accepted provided
it is not detrimental to the galvanising process. Undercut shall not result in a section
loss of more than 5% over any 50 mm length of joint, nor shall its depth exceed
0.5 mm or 10% of the thickness, whichever is the less.
(b) Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) and Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI)
MPI shall be applied in accordance with BS EN ISO 9934: Part 1 to joints selected in
accordance with (d) below, where any of the material thickness exceeds 20 mm.
Notwithstanding the requirements of (d) below, MPI or LPI in accordance with
BS EN 571: Part 1, shall be applied as appropriate where on visual inspection the
presence of cracking or lack of fusion may be suspected. To aid inspection, the profile
of the weld may be dressed by burr grinding provided that the specified throat size and
Page 26
leg length is still maintained. The surface of the weld shall be free of cracks, lack of
fusion and slag.
(c) Ultrasonic Testing
All butt joints in material 8 mm thick or greater selected in accordance with (d) below
shall be ultrasonically tested in accordance with BS EN 1714. The weld shall be free
of cracks. The height of buried slag, lack of fusion or lack of penetration shall not
exceed 3 mm and within 6 mm of the outer surface their individual lengths shall not
exceed 10 mm. The resulting net throat area loss over any 50 mm length of weld shall
not exceed 5% of the specified throat area.
(d) Frequency of NDT: Joints shall be selected as follows:
All joints of each type up to a batch size of 10 components and 10% of additional
components thereafter. If non-conformances are found the scope of NDT shall be
doubled. If further non-conformances are found, the whole batch shall be tested.
(e) Reporting:
Inspection records for production welds shall be retained by the manufacturer for three
years and those covering the production periods relating to the components supplied
shall be made available for examination.
1.12.8.5 Destructive Testing
Copies of certified reports of destructive tests on components supplied under earlier
contracts with the Overseeing Organisation shall be provided.
1.12.8.6 Frequency of Destructive Testing
The Contractor shall supply components, or sample joints cut from components, for
destructive testing as selected on behalf of the Overseeing Organisation. The basis of
selection shall be as follows:
(a) For batches of less that 100 beam assemblies with transverse butt welds, one
sample joint shall be supplied unless an identical sample joint from the same
works has been destructively tested within the previous four weeks. For batches
exceeding 100 or more, one sample joint shall be supplied for each subsequent
sampling lot not exceeding 100.
(b) Welded adjuster brackets shall be supplied at a rate of one for each sampling lot
not exceeding 300.
(c) Each type of post shall be supplied at a rate of 1 post for each sampling lot not
exceeding 1,000.
(d) Each type of surface mounted post shall be supplied at the rate of 1 post for each
sampling lot not exceeding 100.
(e) For batches of up to 150 vehicle parapet posts: No test required, provided that
records certified by a representative of the Overseeing Organisation are produced
of successful testing carried out on posts of the same weld group within the
previous 3 months. If no satisfactory record is available, one post to be tested. For
batches of 150 to 300 vehicle parapet posts: One post to be tested. For batches
exceeding 300 vehicle parapet posts: Two posts to be tested.
(f) Each type of anchor frame, vehicle parapet connection and connection piece shall
be supplied at an interval not exceeding 6 months for each manufacturers works.
Page 27
(g) For batches of up to 150 shop welded vehicle parapet splices and/or less than
50 site-welded vehicle parapet splices, one splice shall be supplied for testing
unless successful testing has been carried out within the previous 3 months on a
similar splice(s), where the splice to be tested was selected by the Overseeing
Organisations representative and the welding is to be carried out by the same
personnel. For batches greater than 150 shop-welded and/or site-welded vehicle
parapet splices, two splices shall be tested.
(h) Other welded components shall be supplied at an interval not exceeding
12 months for each manufacturers works.
1.12.8.7 Acceptance Criteria
The acceptance criteria shall be as specified in sub-Clause 402.6 (iv), except that in subClause 402.6 (iv) (a), the throat and leg dimension of the weld shall apply to the true
rather than apparent dimension.
1.12.8.8 Non-conformance
In the event that there is a non-conformance arising from a deviation in materials,
preparation, assembly or welding procedure, the batch concerned shall be rejected and
further production of the components affected stopped until such time as the fault has
been corrected. A minor non-compliance shall only be accepted on the basis that further
sampling and testing shows that the fault is not repetitive and will not in that instance
impair structural integrity. If the problem can be traced to a particular manufacturing
period, operator, piece of equipment or batch of material and if proper traceability to
individual batches of components can be assured, only those batches affected may be
subjected to rejection.
1.12.8.9 Test Report
The destruction test reports shall be retained by the Contractor and recorded in a register
for a period of three years. The destructive test samples shall be retained for a period of
18 months. These shall be made available for examination on future contracts with the
SO.
1.12.8.10 Remedial Work
Welds which do not conform to the Specification may be repaired to an approved
procedure as described in sub-Clause 402.6 (ii). Welds in aluminium alloys shall not be
repaired more than once.
1.12.9
Marking
All components, excluding fasteners, reinforcing rings and bars, shall be clearly and
durably marked with the manufacturers identification mark and digits indicating month
and year of manufacture. In addition to the marking requirements of BS EN ISO 898:
Part 1, fasteners shall be clearly marked with the following:
(a) Safety barrier, terminal, transition, crash cushion manufacturers identification
mark; and
(b) Fastener number as referenced on the manufacturers construction drawings.
Unless otherwise indicated on the accepted Drawings submitted by the Contractor to the
Overseeing Organisation, all fabrication of components shall be completed before
galvanizing or metal coating.
The Contractor shall provide the Overseeing Organisation with evidence that the
manufacturer has arranged for tensile tests to destruction to be carried out by a testing
laboratory, accredited in accordance with sub-Classes 105.3 and 105.4, annually and
whenever the production technique is changed.
1.12.11 Handling and Storage
All components shall be protected from damage and handled and stacked in such a way
that permanent damage is not caused, particularly to threaded components. Means shall
be provided to avoid damage to galvanized coatings and any damage that does occur
shall be made good in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461.
1.13
1.13.1
General
Pedestrian restraint and guardrail system shall be provided as shown on the Contract
Drawings.
Pedestrian restraint and guardrail systems are provided to delineate the pedestrian from
the traffic and they are not intended to protect pedestrians by containing vehicle impact.
The requirements for the materials and components to be used in the construction of the
pedestrian restraints and guardrail systems shall be in accordance with BS 7818.
1.13.2
Characteristics
The characteristics types and dimensional constraints for the pedestrian restraints and
guardrail systems shall be specified in accordance with Figure 4 in BS 7818. Minimum
section thickness shall be as noted in Table 5 of BS 7818. Steel and aluminium used
conform to the appropriate British Standard listed in Table 6 or 7 of BS 7818.
1.13.3
1.13.4
1.14
Vehicle Parapets
1.14.1
General
The design of vehicle parapets shall comply with the aesthetic requirements given on the
Contract Drawings.
Page 29
1.14.2
1.14.3
1.14.4
2.1
General Requirements
2.1.1
Page 31
2.1.2
Surface regularity
The longitudinal regularity of the surfaces of wearing courses and base courses shall be
within the relevant tolerances stated in Table 2.2.
An irregularity is a variation not less than 3 mm or 5 mm of the profile of the road surface
as measured by the rolling straight edge, set at 3 mm or 5 mm as appropriate. No
irregularity exceeding 6 mm shall be permitted.
Compliance with Table 2.2 shall be tested by a 3 m rolling straight-edge of the type
designed by the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (UK), along any continuous
line or lines parallel to the centre line of the carriageway as selected by the Engineer
Pavements shall be measured transversely for irregularities at points decided by the
Engineer, by a 3 m-long straight-edge placed at right angles to the centre line of the road.
The maximum deviation of the pavement surface below the straight-edge shall not
exceed 3 mm.
For lengths less than 100 m of wearing courses and base courses or where the use of
the rolling straight-edge is impracticable, the surface regularity shall be tested where
necessary, at points decided by the Engineer, with a straight-edge 3 m long placed
parallel with or at right angles to the centre line of the road. The maximum allowable
deviation of the surface below the straight-edge shall be:
2.1.3
3 mm
6 mm
10 mm
2.1.4
Page 32
Surface Course
- 6 mm
+ 6 mm
Base Course
- 6 mm
+6 mm
- 13 mm
+ 0 mm
- 20 mm
+ 0 mm
Sub-Base Type A
-20mm
+ 0 mm
Sub-Base Type B
- 30 mm
+ 0 mm
Formation
- 40 mm
Table 2.2 Maximum Permitted Number Of Surface Irregularities Over Any 100 m Length
Flexible Surface Course
Irregularity
3 mm
5 mm
3 mm
5 mm
Category A*
Road
Category B*
Road
10
Horizontal Alignment
The horizontal alignment of the road as constructed shall not deviate by more than
15 mm from the true alignment as given by the dimensions on the Drawings. The rate of
deviation shall not exceed 1 in 1,000.
2.1.6
Vertical Alignment
The required levels of base course and surface course shall be determined from the
finished road surface calculated from the vertical profiles and cross falls shown on the
Drawings. The permitted vertical deviation from the true level of any point shall be 6 mm
for base course and 6 mm for surface course.
The thickness of the individual layers of base course and surface course shall not vary by
more than 5 mm from the theoretical thickness of the respective layers.
Page 33
2.1.7
Rectification
Where any tolerances in Clauses 2.1 are exceeded the Contractor shall determine the full
extent of the area which is out of tolerance and shall make good the surface of the
pavement course or formation in the manner described below.
2.1.7.1
Formation Level
If the surface is too high, it shall be re-trimmed and recompacted. If the surface is too low,
the deficiency shall be corrected by the addition of suitable material of the same
classification and moisture content or other approved material laid and compacted to
Specification. In cohesive soils where the surface is less than 150 mm below formation
level, further soil shall be removed to a total depth of at least 150 mm below formation
level before replacement material is spread and compacted.
2.1.7.2
2.1.7.3
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2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
Each layer shall be divided into 2,000 m control sections, or such other size as directed
by the Engineer for which the following testing shall be performed:
Five in situ dry density tests in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9: Test 2.2 in
representative locations.
Average degree of compaction in any control section shall be at least 98% and no single
value must be less than 95%.
If the compaction tests fail, the Contractor shall recompact the control section and have
the same number of tests carried out. This procedure shall be repeated until the specified
degree of compaction has been reached.
2.3
Sub-base
2.3.1
Placing of Sub-base
Sub base material shall be spread evenly and compacted by approved means, in layers
not exceeding 200 mm finished thickness to the depths indicated on the Drawings, with a
well-bound surface finish. Loose and segregated areas shall be made good by the
addition of fines or by removal and replacement as directed by the Engineer.
2.3.2
Each layer shall be divided into 2,000 m control sections, or such other size as directed
by the Engineer for which the following testing shall be performed:
Five in situ dry density tests in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9: Test 2.2 in
representative locations.
Page 35
Average degree of compaction in any control section shall be at least 98% and no single
value must be less than 96%.
If the compaction tests fail, the Contractor shall recompact the control section and have
the same number of tests carried out. This procedure shall be repeated until the specified
degree of compaction has been reached.
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
Five in situ dry density tests in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9: Test 2.2 in
representative locations.
Average degree of compaction in any control section shall be at least 98% and no single
value must be less than 96%.
If the compaction tests fail, the Contractor shall recompact the control section and have
the same number of tests carried out. This procedure shall be repeated until the specified
degree of compaction has been reached.
Page 36
2.5
2.5.1
General Requirements
Special care shall be taken to obtain full compaction in the vicinity of both longitudinal and
transverse joints.
The completed surfaces of all layers shall be well closed and free from movement under
compaction plant, and shall have no compaction planes, ridges, cracks or loose material.
All loose, segregated or otherwise defective areas shall be made good to the full
thickness of the layer and recompacted.
Before placing the next construction layer or applying prime coat, each compacted layer
shall be mechanically swept then cleaned with compressed air to remove loose material.
As soon as possible after cleaning the surface of the road base it shall be sealed by the
application of a prime coat as specified. Should the surface of the material be allowed to
dry out before the seal is applied, it shall be lightly watered and recompacted immediately
prior to spraying with prime coat. Should the full depth of layer be allowed to dry out, it
shall be removed and replaced, at the Contractor'
s expense, with fresh material. Watering
and re-mixing in place will not be permitted.
2.6
Asphalt Mixes
2.6.1
General
The mixing, transport, and placing of asphalt mixes shall be carried out in accordance
with the requirements of BS 594987.
2.6.2
Trial Areas
Before pavement construction is commenced, a trial area of each asphalt mix material
shall be laid. The extent and location of these areas shall be as approved by the
Engineer. The materials, mix proportions, plant and methods shall be those which are
proposed for the main work.
2.6.3
Placing at Night
If approval has been given for asphalt mixes to be placed at night, approved lighting shall
be provided at locations where mixing, laying and testing operations are in progress.
2.6.4
Mixing Asphalts
The aggregate and bitumen shall be mixed in an approved plant of the batch type.
Constituents shall be proportioned by weight; the bitumen may be proportioned by a
metering pump. Facilities shall be provided in the mixer to enable the sampling of hot
aggregates.
Bitumen and aggregates shall not be heated to above 150C and 170C, respectively,
and the temperature difference between them at the time of mixing shall not exceed
15C. The mixing temperature shall be established from the bitumen
viscosity/temperature graph in accordance with ASTM D2170. Approved facilities for
continuous measurement of temperatures shall be provided.
The batching plant and equipment shall be properly maintained and cleaned and shall be
provided with means of checking the accuracy of weighing mechanisms and metering
devices. These shall be checked at monthly intervals or as directed.
Page 37
2.6.5
2.6.6
2.6.7
Joints
The width of spread shall be such as to provide for the off-setting of longitudinal joints
in multilayer construction by a minimum of 300 mm.
Page 38
Longitudinal joints of base and surface course shall be trimmed as vertical as possible
by mechanical or manual means to be approved by the Engineer.
Transverse joints of both base and surface course shall be cut back sufficiently to
ensure correct profile, thickness and compaction of the joint. This shall also apply to
joints to existing pavements. Base courses and surface courses are to be laid to break
transverse joints by at least 600 mm.
If required by the Engineer, immediately before laying new lanes of bituminous
surfacing the ex-posed vertical edges of adjacent lanes shall be painted with hot
bitumen or tack coat. All joints on completion shall present the same texture, density
and smoothness as other sections of the surface.
The exposed edges of the frames of manhole covers, gully- gratings, kerbs and similar
projections against which the new pavings will abut, are to be thoroughly cleaned and
coated with bitumen. The new paving is then to be tamped around and against the
projection to such a depth that, on completion of compaction the finished surface of the
surface course is level with the top of the projection. Pavings shall be dished to the
frames of gully gratings, and so on. the dishing being formed in both courses of two
course construction.
2.6.8
Rolling
Each course of bituminous material shall be adequately and uniformly compacted at
temperatures not less than those specified.
Unless otherwise specified, at least two self-propelled smooth wheel rollers following
closely one behind the other shall be used in conjunction with each spreader and each
roller is to weigh no less than 8 t, and no more than 12 t.
Alternatively, one or more vibrating smooth-wheel rollers may be used, each roller
weighing 6 t to 12 t. If so, the requirements of 4 and 5 of this Clause shall not be
applicable. The mode of vibration (amplitude frequency and the travel speed) shall be
established during the laying in the trial area and shall be adhered to in all subsequent
laying.
At least one of these rollers shall be three wheeled with a weight per 25 mm width of
rear wheel between 136 kg and 181 kg. This roller shall be used immediately behind
the spreader with its driving wheels adjacent to the spreader, unless otherwise directed.
The second roller may be either tandem or three-wheeled with a weight per 25 mm
width of roll between 91 kg and 181 kg.
To achieve the specified field densities a self-propelled pneumatic-tyred smooth-tread
roller with type pressures of 5 bar to 10 bar may be used between the two smooth roll
rollers specified above.
All rollers shall be fitted with smooth quick acting reverse controls, and shall be
equipped with roll scrapers, absorbent mats and tanks connected to spray pipes on
both front and rear rolls to ensure a uniform application of water or parting fluid. A
mobile water bowser is to be provided alongside each spreading unit to ensure that
rolling continues with the minimum interruption.
Rolling is to proceed in the following order:
i. transverse joints
ii. longitudinal joints
iii. breakdown rolling beginning at the low side and
Page 39
2.6.10
Traffic on Layers
Traffic shall not be allowed to run on the final surfacing course without approval. Traffic
on layers other than the final surfacing course shall be restricted to the plant required to
place the succeeding layer.
2.6.11
Existing Pavement
Where new pavement is required to join into existing road construction, the joint shall be
formed and treated in accordance with the Drawings.
Each layer of existing bituminous course shall be cut back to a clean vertical face and
coated with hot bitumen of a grade suitable for the purpose immediately before laying
adjacent new bituminous material.
Cutting back of the existing pavement layers shall be undertaken in a stepped manner, in
accordance with the drawings. The lower layers of bituminous courses shall be prepared
to receive the new covering courses by removal of dust and deleterious materials using
air jetting or other approved means, and shall then be coated with bituminous tack coat.
Exposed existing road base surfaces shall be scarified, then recompacted and sealed
with bituminous prime coat in accordance with the road base specification.
2.6.12
Page 40
Where the existing pavement layer is smooth or where bitumen, oil, rubber, dust etc, has
accumulated, the area shall be cold-planed to a nominal depth of 10 mm, to provide a key
for the overlay.
Where the existing asphalt surfacing requires cold planning prior to placing the overlay,
the method for cold planning shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval. The
planning machine shall have cutters specifically designed to accurately reduce the
thickness of the existing surfacing to the depth required.
A bituminous tack coat shall be applied to the prepared surface before the overlay is laid.
Overlays shall be laid to achieve the minimum specified thickness. Protrusions of the
existing pavement shall be removed to give the minimum depth required. Holes and local
depressions shall be cut out to at least 25 mm depth and filled with base course or
surface course material, as appropriate, prior to commencement of the overlaying course.
2.6.13
Testing of Asphalt
The Contractor shall supply the apparatus for all testing necessary to ensure strict control
of the materials and mixtures and execute all testing required by this specification. The
Contractor shall employ the services of an experienced Materials Engineer. Together with
experienced laboratory technicians capable of carrying out all the specified testing
requirements. All testing shall be subject to the scrutiny and approval of the Engineer.
Full records shall be kept by the Contractor and the results of all testing shall be available
for inspection by the Engineer. The facilities of the Laboratory shall be made available to
the Engineer at any reasonable time. The sampling and testing of asphalt shall be carried
out in accordance with the requirements of BS 598 (ASTM D 2172 for bitumen content).
In addition to the tests required for the initial approval of the materials, all aggregates and
fillers shall be sampled and tested for grading both at source and on delivery to the
mixing plants and the results of each test are to be submitted to the Engineer. within
24 hours. The number of such tests is to be adequate for proper control of the materials
and is not to be limited to those made on specific instruction of the Engineer.
When requested by the Engineer, approximately every 2 hours during mixing periods, an
aggregate sample is to be taken from each hot bin and its grading determined, together
with that of the combined grading. This combined grading is to be checked for
compliance with the grading of the approved Job Standard Mix".
Samples of the mixed materials are to be taken at the point of mixing at least once every
4 hours and not less than twice daily for each mix produced for making Marshall
specimens and their stability, flow, unit weight and voids are to be determined. Samples
of the mixed materials are to be taken at the point of mixing at least once for every 100 t
produced and not less than twice daily for each mix produced for aggregate grading
analyses and binder content determinations. If these tests show results which are not in
accordance with the approved" Job Standard Mixture" values, suitable adjustments are
immediately to be made to ensure compliance therewith. Experienced personnel capable
of making these corrections must be in attendance at the plant at all times during mixing.
If for any reason the quality, grading or supply source of aggregates is changed or if at
any time the cause of variations outside the permissible limits cannot be corrected for
reasons beyond the control of the Contractor the Engineer may request a new
"Laboratory Design Mix" or "Job Standard Mix" depending on the extent of the change or
variation.
A summary sheet showing the results of analyses is to be submitted to the Engineer for
each 5 days production.
When requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall supply copies of test results
within 24 hours of completion of testing.
Page 41
Whenever the Contractor takes samples for testing, he is to take duplicate samples if
so directed and deliver them to the Engineer. Such samples are to be properly packed
and clearly labelled so as to be identifiable with the samples retained by the Contractor.
The sampling and testing of each material is, if not otherwise specified, in accordance
with the following standards:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
A certificate shall be obtained from the supplier with each consignment of bitumen
delivered stating the grade of the material being supplied, and such test results as are
necessary to ensure compliance with this Specification. These certificates shall be
supplied to the Engineer.
Samples for analysis shall be taken from the final mix as it leaves the mixer and from
around the augers of and/or behind the paver. Marshall cylindrical test specimens shall
be made from the mix and tested. Cored samples shall be taken after placing and shall
be tested in accordance with ASTM D1188.
2.6.14
2.6.15
Page 42
BS Sieve
20 mm
100
10 mm
80 95
5.0 mm
65 80
2.36 mm
50 67
300 micron
18 30
75 micron
5 15
Bitumen Content
6.0 9.0
When a proposed mix has been approved no variations shall be made in the mix
proportions or in the type, size, grading zone or source of any of the constituents
without the agreement of the SO who may require further trials.
2.6.15.2 Fine Asphalt Mixes
Fine asphalt courses are to be laid where directed by the SO and shall be composed of
bitumen mixed with sand, crusher dust or a mixture of sand and crusher dust complying
with the following specifications.
Fine asphalt for pedestrian trafficked areas shall meet the following grading
requirements:
BS Sieve
5.0 mm
100
2.36 mm
75 100
600 micron
25 50
150 micron
10 30
75 micron
5 15
The bitumen content shall be in the range of 5.0% to 9.0%. The actual mix proportions
shall be determined by trial.
2.6.15.3 Sand and Bitumen Plant Mixes
Sand bitumen plant mix shall be a mixture of clean well graded sand and bitumen. The
sand shall be heated to such a temperature as to ensure complete coating with
bitumen. The bitumen content shall be determined by mass and shall be such as to
ensure durability of the mix and satisfactory wearing characteristics.
2.6.15.4 Bituminous Macadam 10 mm size close-graded wearing course
Close-graded wearing course (preferred mixture, previously known as 10 mm dense
wearing course macadam) shall be supplied in accordance with Tables 2.3, 2.4
and 2.5. Binder content and grade shall be agreed with the Engineer as being fully
suited to local climatic and usage conditions. Materials shall be transported and laid in
accordance with BS 594987.
The aggregate grading, binder content and grade of binder shall be in accordance with
Tables 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 below:
Page 43
% by ass passing
14 mm
100
10 mm
95 to 100
6.3 mm
55 to 75
3.35 mm
30 to 45
1.18 mm
15 to 30
75 micron
3 to 8
Table 2.4 Binder content for 14 mm size close graded wearing course
High temperature
Bitumen
Aggregate *
Low temperature
tar
tar
5.3
6.3
5.7
Limestone
5.2
6.3
5.7
1440
6.1
6.8
6.8
1360
6.5
7.2
7.2
1280
7.1
7.6
7.6
1120
8.1
8.5
8.5
Steel slag
5.0
6.3
5.7
Gravel **
* B.5.2
** The information on the binder contents required for these mixtures made with gravel is
insufficient for a single target value to be specified. The binder content to be used should be
chosen within a range 5.5% to 6.5% and should be approved by the purchaser. As a guide,
lower values should be selected for pavements designed to carry Category B traffic and
higher values for footway work. The tolerance of 0.5% should apply to the selected and
approved binder content.
NOTE : Tar bound mixtures are for category B use only.
Page 44
Table 2.5 Grade of binder for 10 mm size close graded wearing course
Grade of Binder
Type of Binder
Aggregate
Category A Traffic
Category B Traffic
Crushed Rock
Slag
Gravel
Crushed Rock
C. 34 to C. 42
Slag
C. 34 to C. 42
Bitumen
Tar
2.6.16
Temporary Repairs
Where instructed by the SO, a temporary patch shall be applied by the following
method:
A shallow trench with vertical edges shall be cut around the patch. The area shall
be cleaned thoroughly using brooms or, to ensure complete cleaning, with
compressed air.
Fine Asphalt shall be swept into cracks in the area and compacted with a vibratory
plate compactor or vibratory roller. A tack coat shall be applied.
The area shall then be patched with Fine Asphalt to give a compacted surface
level with the surrounding material. Compaction shall be carried out with a
vibratory plate compactor or vibratory roller. Care shall be taken to ensure that
there is no "difference in level" between the patch and the adjacent road surface.
If directed by the SO, cracks shall be cleaned and sealed with an approved hot applied
joint sealant.
2.6.17
2.7
Surface Dressing
2.7.1
Binder
The binder for surface dressing shall be grade RC 800 cut-back bitumen to ASTM D2027,
applied at the rate of 1.1 litres/m2 to 1.3 litres/m2.
Page 45
2.7.2
Chippings
Chippings for surface dressing shall be 6mm nominal size complying with the
requirements of BS 63: Part 2 and shall have physical properties which do not exceed the
following test values:
Aggregate crushing value
(BS 812: Part 110)
25%
Water absorption
(BS 812: Part 2)
2% **
** Where an aggregate has higher water absorption than 2%, its use may be permitted by
the Engineer providing adequate evidence of past performance can be produced.
The chippings shall be spread uniformly at the rate of approximately one tonne per
2
140 m and rolled in by a slow-moving pneumatic-tyred roller.
Coated grit for blinding shall be in accordance with Tables 34 to 36, BS 4987: Part 1
except that the soluble binder content for all aggregates shall be 3 0.5%. It should be
suitable for spreading by mechanical gritter and should remain suitable for a period of not
less than 7 days.
2.7.3
Construction Procedure
Any necessary remedial works to the road surface and structure shall be completed
either prior to commencement of the works, or as part of the Contract and agreed as
acceptable by the Engineer before Surface Dressing commences.
Before binder is applied, street furniture shall be masked using self-adhesive masking
material. Oil, sand or similar materials shall not be used. Any packed mud or other
deposits on the road surface shall be removed, and the road surface shall be swept free
of all loose material.
Binder shall be applied to the road surface at the rates specified in the design. The
Contractor shall mark out areas where an adjusted binder rate is needed, because of
localised conditions and record such changes. Application restrictions to be observed in
the event of adverse weather shall be as specified below:
1. When there is precipitation
2. When there is free water on the surface
3. When the air temperature is at or below 15C
4. For emulsion binders when the relative humidity exceeds 80%
5. When the road surface temperature exceeds 35C for roads carrying over
200 cv/lane/day or 40C below that traffic level.
Transverse joints shall be formed with spraying and finishing on a protective strip not less
than 1 m wide at each end of the lane length being treated. Transverse joints shall be of
binder overlap only and not wider than 100 mm. There shall be no ridges or bare strips.
Longitudinal joints shall coincide with lane markings. Longitudinal joints shall be of binder
overlap only while ensuring that the proposed rate of spread is achieved across the joint.
Page 46
For quartering (using a part of the spraybar) the overlap may be extended to a maximum
of 300 mm. There shall be no ridges or bare strips.
The Contractor shall carry out the tests for rates of spread and accuracy of application of
binder and chippings in accordance with the test methods in BS EN 12272 and report the
results to the Engineer.
Rolling shall be performed by rubber coated vibratory steel rollers and/or pneumatic-tyred
rollers. The rollers shall have fully operating sprinkler systems, spraying water or other
release agent onto the drum or tyres, so that if the chippings start to move under the
roller exposed binder the sprinklers are available immediately.
Masking shall be removed after the Surface Dressing has been applied and before
opening the road to unrestricted traffic. The Contractor shall remove surplus chippings
from the road by suction sweeping before it is opened to unrestricted traffic.
The Contractor shall monitor the Surface Dressing closely for a minimum period of
2 hours, after the road is opened to traffic. The Contractor shall reinstate traffic safety and
management procedures or institute other remedial action where necessary, such as
dusting, if there are signs of distress, such as turning of the chippings, in order to prevent
further damage to Surface Dressing.
Further operations to remove subsequently loosened chippings shall be carried out over
the next 48 hours. The road, and adjacent side roads, footways and paved areas, shall
be kept substantially free of loose chippings for a period of 30 days after completion of
the work.
2.7.4
Coated Grit
Coated grit for blinding shall be in accordance with Table 2.6 below, except that the
soluble binder content for all aggregates shall be 3 0.5%. Binder penetration shall be
160/220 pen. It should be suitable for spreading by mechanical gritter and shall remain
suitable for a period of not less than 7 days.
Table 2.6 Aggregate grading for 0/4 mm size fine graded surface course
Test sieve aperture size
mm
6.3
100
90 100
63 93
Report value*
0.25
14 40
0.063
5 16
2.8
Hard Shoulder
Hard shoulders shall comprise road base overlaid by surface course and/or surface
dressing, in accordance with the relevant clauses. The priming coat to the road base shall
extend 1.0 m down the batters on embankments, if required.
Page 47
The placing of a trial length of hard shoulder may be required, to demonstrate the
suitability of the proposed method of construction.
2.9
2.9.1
Laying Course
The edge restraints to the paved area shall be installed before the laying course.
The sand shall be laid at uniform moisture content and carefully screeded to form a
smooth compacted surface.
The profile of the laying course before compaction shall be similar to that of the finished
surface. The maximum deviation from the design levels shall be 5 mm. The laying
course shall be placed to a level which takes into account the compaction which occurs
during vibration of the blocks; the amount of this compaction shall be determined by trials
prior to commencement of surfacing.
2.9.2
Block Laying
Concrete paving blocks shall be laid in accordance with BS 7533: Part 3.
Block laying shall commence at right angles to the main pavement axis starting at one
end of the area. Interlocking blocks shall be laid in a herringbone pattern at 45 degrees to
the main pavement axis, or other pattern as approved or directed. Rectangular blocks
shall be laid in patterns, as directed, using different colours, if directed.
Blocks shall be laid on the sand laying course so that blocks already laid are not
disturbed. Blocks shall be placed to fit closely together; the width of joints shall not
exceed 3 mm.
Dimensional accuracy, uniformity of joint gaps, alignment and squareness shall be
checked after laying the first three rows of blocks and thereafter at regular intervals. If
joints begin to open, the blocks shall be knocked together using a hide mallet.
2.9.3
Edge Details
Special edge blocks shall be used on all edges of interlocking block paving which are
parallel to or perpendicular to the main pavement axis. Where the shape of or dimensions
of paved areas precludes the use of special or standard blocks on all edges, cut blocks
shall be used. Blocks shall be cut to suit, using a mechanical block splitter or bolster
chisel. In-situ concrete shall not be used to make up to edge restraints.
2.9.4
Compaction by Vibration
The blocks shall be compacted to the required levels using a plate vibrator as each area
of 20 m2 is laid.
The plate vibrator shall have a plate area of 0.2 m2 to 0.3 m2 and a compaction force of
9 kN to 16 kN. Two passes of the plate vibrator shall be made in two directions at
90 degrees.
2.9.5
Filling Joints
Joints shall be filled by brushing in fine dry sand with a particle size of 0 mm to 2 mm and
a maximum sulphate content (as SO3) of 0.4% by weight. A further pass of the plate
vibrator shall be made in each direction.
Page 48
The vibrator shall not be used within 1 m of an unrestrained edge. Paving shall not
otherwise be left uncompleted overnight.
2.9.6
Laying Tolerance
The finished surface level shall be within 5 mm of the design level and the maximum
deviation within the compacted surface, measured by a 3 m straight edge, shall not
exceed 5 mm. The level of any two adjacent blocks shall not differ by more than 2 mm.
2.10
Kerbs
2.10.1
Class
Grade
Characteristic
compressive
2
strength (N/mm )
C 45/20
20
45
C 30/20
20
30
C 20/20
20
20
C 15/20
20
15
Special Mixes
E
40 (10/1 all-in)
40
20 (10/1 all-in)
20
Hydraulically pressed kerbs with ends consistently square and true shall be laid pointed,
with flush joints. 10 mm compressible, waterproof joint filler shall be provided at every
tenth joint to accommodate expansion.
Kerbs which are not hydraulically pressed shall be laid with a 5 mm gap which shall be
pointed down to road level with a 1 to 3 cement/sand mortar. One joint in ten shall be left
unpointed and 10 mm compressible, waterproof joint filler provided to accommodate
expansion.
Where non-standard lengths of kerb, or kerbs with skewed ends, are required, kerbs shall
be saw cut and care shall be taken to avoid damage to arise. The bed and haunch of all
Page 49
kerbs shall have expansion joints with 10 mm compressible, waterproof joint filler
coincident with expansion joints in the kerb line.
For radii of 12 m or less, precast radius kerbs as per BS EN 1340 shall be used, that is,
1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4.5 m, 6 m, 7.5 m, 9 m, 10.5 m and 12 m. Use of half kerbs shall be at the
discretion of the Engineer if existing radius is non-standard or the pre-cast radius kerbs
are unavailable.
All exposed rear surfaces of kerbs shall be treated with two coats of approved bituminous
paint.
Kerbs against which concrete block surfacing is to abut, shall be pointed at joints on the
ear face from top of haunch to top of kerb. Pointing material shall be cement slurry or
mortar, dependent on joint width. Kerbs shall be protected from defacement by bitumen,
concrete or mortar.
2.10.2
Alignment
The longitudinal and vertical alignments of the kerbs shall not deviate by more than 5 mm
from the true line. Any unit of kerb or edging deviating more than 1 mm per metre run of
kerbs shall be made good by lifting and relaying.
2.10.3
Painting of Kerbs
If kerbs are required to be painted they shall be painted alternately black and white or
black and yellow. Before application of paint, the kerbs shall be thoroughly cleaned of
dust, loose particles, oil and similar blemishes. The paint shall be a chlorinated rubber
suitable for application to concrete. Two coats shall be applied; the paint shall be thinned
in accordance with the manufacturer'
s recommendations for brush application.
2.11
Road Marking
2.11.1
Application of Markings
Road marking materials should be applied in accordance with BS 3262: Part 3 and the
manufacturers recommendations. The minimum laid thickness of the markings shall be in
accordance with BS 3262.
The pavement shall be prepared in accordance with the following:
(i)
(ii)
Carriageway markings shall only be applied to surfaces which are clean and dry. If the
pavement has become polished, a tack coat compatible with the marking material may be
required. Tack coat shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer'
s instructions,
before marking. Markings shall be free from raggedness at their edges, uniform, and free
from streaks. Carriageway lane and edge lines shall be laid by an approved mechanical
means, to a regular alignment.
Page 50
The Contractor shall provide a full method statement for markings, including the
maximum safe heating temperature, the temperature range of the apparatus and the
method of laying to be used.
The Contractor shall control traffic to protect fresh markings from damage. The traffic
control shall give minimum interference to the travelling public. Signs, barricades,
flagmen and control devices shall be supplied by the Contractor and a system of spaced
warning flags or blocks shall be used to protect the fresh markings until dry, if so
required. Markings defaced by traffic shall be repaired by the Contractor.
2.12
Traffic Signs
2.12.1
Erection of Signs
The Contractor shall take delivery of signs, posts and fittings from the manufacturer and
shall be responsible for the transport to and erection on site.
Signs shall comply with the requirements of BS EN 12899: Part 2.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the inspection and acceptance of the signs on
delivery and shall protect the paint coatings during transport and erection. Minor damage
shall be repaired by touching up on site with miraculous iron ore paint provided by the
sign manufacturer.
Major damage shall be repaired by full preparation and paint treatment in accordance
with BS EN 12899: Part 2.
Signs shall be erected in accordance with the details provided on the Drawings.
Erected sign posts shall be truly vertical.
If sign posts have base plates for fixing to concrete they shall be bolted onto to the
foundations by drilling and fixing galvanised high yield threaded steel studs using an
approved polyester resin anchor grout. The installation of resin anchors shall be in strict
accordance with the manufacturer'
s instructions.
Immediately after erection of the posts on foundations, base plates, nuts, and protruding
portions of bolts shall be coated in bitumen in accordance with BS 3416.
Sign plate assemblies shall be fixed to the posts in accordance with the manufacturer'
s
instructions and the details on the Drawings.
2.13
2.13.1
Layout
The overall layout and location of safety barriers, terminals, transitions and crash
cushions shall be as indicated on the Contract Drawings.
All safety barriers, terminals and transitions shall be erected to present a flowing
alignment in accordance with the following:
The overall alignment on plan shall not depart from the prescribed alignment by more
than 30 mm, nor deviate in any 10 m length from the straight or required radius by more
than 15 mm.
2.13.2
Page 51
Where the sides of excavations cannot be maintained vertical until concrete is placed,
suitable permanent or temporary casings shall be used. The casings shall be installed
immediately after excavation and any lateral overbreak of the excavation shall be filled
with concrete conforming to BS 8500: Part 2 as appropriate.
Impermeable plastic sheeting 125 microns thick shall be laid at the base of an in-situ
concrete foundation located in filter drains.
2.13.3
2.13.4
Beams
Notwithstanding the manufacturing tolerances permitted for individual beams, the
cumulative length tolerance shall be such that beams and posts can be positioned in their
prescribed location. With the exception of any special closure pieces necessary to
complete lengths of safety barriers, terminals or transitions, beam lengths shall not differ
from those described on the accepted Drawings submitted by the Contractor.
2.13.5
Posts
Where applicable, posts, foundations and post sockets shall be as shown on the
accepted Drawings submitted by the Contractor.
Where posts are mounted in cast in post sockets these shall be protected to prevent the
collection of detritus in the socket voids.
When steel posts are driven into the ground this shall be carried out without damage to
the post and the protective coating. Any minor damage to the galvanising shall be treated
in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461.
2.13.6
Cutting of Components
No drilling, cutting (including flame cutting) or welding of beams and posts shall be
permitted after galvanizing.
Special closure pieces shall be fabricated before galvanizing.
2.13.7
2.13.9
Post Foundations
The Contractor shall provide the test equipment and carry out loading tests on post
foundations to ascertain compliance with the manufacturers specification for the
proposed safety barrier, terminal, transition and crash cushion system. The tests shall be
carried out and the results submitted to the SO at least one week prior to installation of
the relevant lengths of safety barrier, terminal, transition and crash cushion system. The
testing frequency shall be in accordance with the testing schedule in this specification.
Where stated in the testing schedule, the SO shall provide the test equipment and carry
out loading tests on post foundations installed by the Contractor for that purpose. The
Contractor shall make available a vehicle of not less than 5 t for the SOS use while
carrying out the tests.
The Contractor shall install test posts and foundations after completion of the finished
ground. On completion of loading tests the Contractor shall remove the test posts and
foundations and reinstate the finished ground to meet the requirements of the Contract.
2.14
Provision over any movement joints shall be made with the maximum gap between
panels not exceeding 100 mm in the fully open/close position.
PART 3 SUMMARY
3.1
Reference Documents
The following Abbreviations for standards Specifications are used:
ASTM
BS
BS EN
3.1.1
BS 1377
BS 1377: Part 4
BS 1377: Part 9
Compaction-related tests
Methods for test for soils for civil engineering purposes. In-situ
tests
3.1.2
Road base
ASTM C88
ASTM C127
ASTM C128
ASTM C131
ASTM C535
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of LargeSize Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
ASTM D 2419
Angeles Machine
Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine
BS 812
Aggregate
Testing aggregates
Page 55
3.1.3
chloride salts
Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of sulphate
BS 1377
content
Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes
BS 1377: Part 2
BS 1377: Part 3
BS 1377: Part 4
BS 1377: Part 9
Methods for test for soils for civil engineering purposes. In-situ
tests
Asphalt mixes
Asphalt Institute
ASTM C40
ASTM C88
for Concrete
Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
ASTM C127
ASTM C128
ASTM C131
ASTM C142
ASTM C535
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of LargeSize Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
ASTM D1188
Angeles Machine
Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of
ASTM D1754
ASTM D2027
ASTM D2170
Type)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
ASTM D2172
(Bitumens)
Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen
from Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Page 56
BS 63: Part 2
BS 434
surface dressing
Bitumen road emulsions (anionic and cationic)
BS 598
BS 812
BS 812: Part 2
Testing aggregates
Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of density
BS 1707
BS 1377: Part 2
BS 2000
Classification tests
Methods of test for petroleum and its products
BS 4987: Part 1
BS 594987: 2007
BS EN 197: Part 1
BS EN 12272
BS EN 12591
BS EN 13043
bitumens
Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for
roads, airfields and other trafficked areas
3.1.4
BS EN 7533: Part 3
BS EN 12620
3.1.5
Kerbs
BS 4027
Page 57
BS 7263: Part 3
BS EN 1339
BS EN 1340
3.1.6
3.1.7
Road Marking
BS 3262: Part 3
BS EN 1423
BS EN 1436
BS EN 1463: Part 1
BS EN 1463: Part 2
BS EN 1824
BS EN 1871
Traffic Signs
BS 3416
BS EN 485
BS EN 970
BS EN ISO 1461
Page 58
3.1.8
BS EN ISO 3506
TSO
BS 5080: Part1
BS 6779: Part 1
BS 7669
BS 8500: Part 2
BS EN 473
BS EN 571: Part 1
BS EN 970
BS EN 1011: Part 1
BS EN 1011: Part 2
BS EN 1011: Part 3
BS EN 1011: Part 4
BS EN 1317: Part 1
BS EN 1317: Part 2
BS EN 1317: Part 4
BS EN 1418
washers
for
general
engineering
of safety barriers
Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and
resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic
welding of metallic materials
BS EN 1714
BS EN 10029
BS EN 10048
Page 59
BS EN 10051
BS EN 10088: Part 1
BS EN 22553
BS EN ISO 898: Part 1 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and
alloy steel. Bolts, screws and studs
BS EN ISO 3506: Pt 1 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant
fasteners. Bolts, screws and studs
stainless-steel
stainless-steel
BS EN ISO 4016
BS EN ISO 4018
of
corrosion-resistant
BS EN ISO 4034
Hexagon nuts. Product Grade C
BS EN ISO 9606: Pt 2 Qualification test of welders. Fusion welding. Aluminium and
aluminium alloys
BS EN ISO 9934: Pt 1 Non-destructive testing. Magnetic particle testing. General
BS EN ISO 15607
principles.
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic
BS EN ISO 1461
Page 60
Abbreviations
ACB
ACOP
ACRIB
EMC
EPDM
FA
FBA
FRP
FSC
GANA
GGBS
GMS
GRC
GRP
HCFC
HDPE
HEPA
HFC
HPL
HPPE
HRC
HSE
HSFG
HV
HVCA
ICBO
IGCC
IGE/UP
IP
ISAT
ISO
ITP
KD
kVA
LCD
LED
LPG
LS0H
LSF
LV
MCB
MCC
MCCB
MDF
MDD
MDPE
MEP
MICC
MIO
MMI
MOD
MS
MSDS
MSRPC
N
NDFT
NEMA
NFPA
NRC
NS
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer
copolymer
Fresh Air
Factory Built Assembly
Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Forest Stewardship Council
Glass Association of North America
Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag
Galvanized Mild Steel
Glass Reinforced Cement/Glass Reinforced
Concrete
Glass Reinforced Plastics
Hydrofluorocarbons
High Density Polyethylene
High Efficiency Particulate Air
HydroFluoroCarbon
High Pressure Laminate
Higher Performance Polyethylene
High Rupturing Capacity
Health and Safety Executive
High Strength Friction Grip
High Voltage
Heating and Ventilating Contractors
Association
International Conference of Building Officials
Insulating Glass Certification Council
Institution of Gas Engineers Utilization
Procedures
Ingress Protection
Initial Surface Absorption Test
International Standard Organization
Inspection Testing Plan
Kiln Dried
Kilovolt Ampere
Liquid Crystal Display
Light Emitting Diode
Liquid Petroleum Gas
Low Smoke Zero Halogen
Low Smoke and Fume
Low Voltage
Miniature Circuit Breaker
Motor Control Centre
Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
Medium Density Fireboard
Maximum Dry Density
Medium Density Polyethylene
Mechanical Electrical Plumbing
Mineral Insulated Copper Covered Cable
Micaceous Iron Oxide
Man Machine Interface
Ministry of Defence
Micro-silica
Material Safety Data Sheet
Moderate Sulphate Resistance Portland
Cement
Nitrogen
Nominal Dry Film Thickness
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
National Fire Protection Association
Noise Reduction Coefficient
Norwegian Standard
Page 61
O/D
ODP
OFS
OFTEC
O&M
OPC
PD
PE
PFA
PFC
PM
PTFE
PVC
PVC-u
PWTAG
QA/QC
RA
RCCD
RCD
R&D
REFCOM
RPM
RPZ
RTD
RTR
SA
SBCCI
SDR
SIS
SP
SPDT
SRPC
SS
SSPC
TIA
TRA
UL
ULPA
UP
UPS
UTP
UV
VC
VR
WBP
W/C
WIS
WP
WRAS
XLPE
Outside Diameter
Ozone Depletion Potential
Oil Fired (Appliance/Equipment) Standard
Oil Firing Technical Association
Operation and Maintenance
Ordinary Portland Cement
Published Documents
Polyethylene
Pulverised Fuel Ash
Power Factor Correction
Project Manager
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polyvinylchloride
Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride
Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Return/Recycled Air
Residual Current Circuit Breaker
Residual Current Device
Research and Development
Register of Companies Competent to handle
refrigerants
Reinforced Plastic Mortar
Reduced Pressure Zone
Resistant Temperature Detector
Reinforced Thermosetting Resin
Supply Air
Southern Building Code Congress
International
(Incorporated)
Standard
Dimension
Ratio
Swedish Institute of Standards
Super-plasticizing
Single Pole Double Throw
Sulphate Resistance Portland Cement
Structural Strength
Steel Structures Painting Council
Telecommunication Industry Association
Trussed Rafter Association
Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated
Ultra Low Penetration Air
Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Ultra Violet
Vitrified Clay
Video Recorder
Weather and Boil Proof
Water Cement Ratio
Water Industry Specification
Water Proofing
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme
Cross Linked Polyethylene
Page 62