SolutionsManual

to accomparry

Heat Transfer
tenth edition

J. P. Holman
southernMethodisttJniversity

Chapter I
1-1

LT-

(39oox9-022
=
(0.2x0.6) 625oc

l-2
q _(0.035X85)
-_ , 22f85 llt'm2
A
0.13

= g2,3g6
iln.^Z
1-3
, ^ cdT
ll
q- - _l...?1._

f u c-

drc
r-ax+b; x=0;

dT

-kw'

nrT
r-0.0375

x-0.3, r-A.0625
r = 0.083
3x + 0.0375

tuc|J
@+lq3-s4o)
rc(0.0g33x*AOW=-l_f
\ " = o r=_- ( z o 4 ) ( _ 4 4 7 )
rce.og33)
o.og,n*+
[
o.o3
lj )*=o
?
q-2238 W
1{
q _ ( 0 . 2 8 X 3 7 5 - 9 5 )4 F ^ ^

ffi-1s08

wl^z

1-5
A- w2

q - -k4nrzar
d;

(r
=4n(2xl0u)(zl
1_

-4nk(ra-r)
q-Y
ri

+ 196)_ l . 6 l 7 w

m -0rt85

mass
evaporated
= . 1'.u11=
= e.gl3x l0-s kg/s
199'ooo
- s.7az kglday

rg

ChapterI
l:7
q

30+20

4-T*

T-m=
Zrlk

'

httdo

!(39) ,

- 11.89W /m

*arffi+er6rI

l-8

Like manykindsof homespunadvice,this is badadvice.Alltypes of heattransfer;

conductio4 convection,and radiationvary directly with area.The surfaceareaof the
headis much lessthan that of the otherportion of the body andthuswill loselessheat.
This may be shownexperimentallyby comparingexpozurein cold weatherwearing
heavyclothing andno hat,to that wearinga heavyhat andonly undergarments!

t-g
q _ ( 0 . 1 6 1 X 2 0 0 - 1=
00
3 )Z Zw l ^ ,
A
0.05
1-10
Ar-:

KAAT
q

_ (roxlo-3#)tsoo)
= 0.0125m - 1.25cm
l-l I

4gzLr
z.Ls8- (2.7)(o"l(*)1o.to
'\12
)'

LT = 0.632"C
l-12
q-(5.669x lo-*)t(r o:n)4-6214l = 7 0 . 9g [
A
^2
l-13

=188
ry
m-

g =(5.669x
lo-t)t(t 3n)4 - (698)41
A
l-14

- (70)oJ
= 704.8
W
x 10-r)(+ox0.3
q = (s.669
,2t(300)4
1-15
il. q - (5.669x tO-t)t7n)4 -Q7r4J - t.9t 4x104 wl*'

b. q -(5.669x lo-r)ten)4 - (Til4I

= (5.669xlo-tlrtro )4- Q:R\41
T P = 6 4 1K

q - 8 4 7 4 - 3w l ^ t
Reducedby 44.37o

3'

ChaPter1

l-16
q - h A ( T w-T p u i a )
FromTablet-z

w
h-3soo
;zJc

q=(3500)rTd.L(40)=(3500)zr(0.025X3X40)=32987w
q = mcoLTpaid
\[ - (0-5kg/sX4180J/kg'oC)Af
32,987
LT=15.78oC
l-17
hfs = 2257 kJ/kg

kJ
= 2'37 =2-37kw
=
1
853
kJ/kg)
S
q = tuhfr= (3-78kg/hr)(2257
*

r_z
FromTable

h_Tsoo
$-

q=hA(T*-Tpuia)
- 100)
2370\{ - (7500x0.3)2(T*
T* =965oC
1-18
q= LALT

3 x to4

Btu - hQ3z-zrz)"F

ffi-

h-1s00
+=85
hr'ft'

17

oC
^2 '

1-19
q =oa{t( T)a - (Tz)41
- (298)41
2000W - (5.669x l0-sX0.85X0.006X3)t(n)4
\=t233K
1-20
- 1'489x lOs g
q+273)a
t0-*Xt000
(5
.66gx
m'
dr4=
A

l-2r
q - dt4
A
' ro^
06 = (5 -66gx1o-8)74
T - 55 5 6K

Chapter 1

r-22
-Tro\=(5.669
gtl4 -2934)=29.t9w
q = oeAl(T1o
x to-8;1o.oXazrX0.0af
r-23
AT

q=lAi=

M(Ta-T-)

- 4L)
(1.4X315
- h(41- 38)
4.025

h-s|14 y

m'.oc

l-.25
1 0 0- T

q_(t.6)'#_

ro(r*z_ro)

T*, - 35.7oC

q -10(35
.7 -10) -2s7 g

m2

r-26
lt - 4.5

From Table l-2

y
for LT: 30oC
mt.oc

- 12.15
q - uALT= (4.5X0,3)2(rO)
V,'
Conduqlion

q-kA+
Ar

W
frfor air = 0.03 -

m-oC

_ 3.24W
q,,,_(o.o3xo.3)2(30)
0^025
1-21

^r_

(lsoo)(H)

- l,2soF

25
7".100-1.25-98.75oF

1t8
700- (l r)(T* - 30)
Tw = 93'6oC

Chapter 1

r-29
Q=Qconv*Qrad
qconv = hA(Tr-T*)

FromTablel-2

ft = 180+-

m'.oc
-30) = 4807 y length
=(1S0)z(0.05)0X200
econv
m
-Tza)
= oeAl(Tta
Qrad
= (5.669x to-8xo.z)z(0.05X1)
(4:a4 -2834)

=2 7 2 I t" n g th
m
= 48O7
+ 272=5079 Y
Qtotat
m
Most heattransferis by convection.
1-30
Q=flconv*Qrad
-T*)
4conv = hA(T*

FromTablelJ

h= 4-5+-

m' .oC

- 20) (2sides)
=
{conv
f;ll]il;r"so

-zgla)
= o4,(Tta -Tza)= (5.669x to-8X0.gX0.32X323a
erad
=2 8 .7W
4total= 24'3W +28'7 W = 53 W
Convectionandradiationareaboutthe samemagnitude.

r_3I
e = econv* erad= 0 (insulated)
4conv= hA(T*-T*)
From Table l-2

h:12

Jm' 'oC
- Tzo'), = l'0, Tz = 35oC= 308 K
Qrad= oeAl(Tl

o = h\(Tr - T*) + oArgt4- rz4)

- 3084)
o = (12)(4-273)+(s.669x tO-8;1t.0X44
Solutionby iteration:
Tt--7.=285K=12"C

(2 sides)

Chapter1

r-32
- T,r)= (5.669x l0-8X& - T*rn)= l5(T*, - 293)
(100X353
,o
ts(Twz- 293)- (5.669x t O-8)[(rg7 - O.LsTw)a- (T.r)a] = 0 = f (T*r)
T*, f (Tnr)
320 158.41
350 907.22
3r0 -77.O3
313.3 0.058
= 350K
T*r =397- (0.15X313.3)
1-36

h=4'5

w
fr

(Plate)

(cylinder)
h=6.5 +
m-."u
T* = 2O"C= 293K
hA(T -T*) - otA(74 -T*4)
Plate

x to-8xr4-zgza)
9.5)Q -zg3)=(5.668
T= no realisticvalue(T =247 K, heatgained)
Cylinder

(6.t(r - 293)=(5.668
x to-8xr4 - 2%\
T =320K= 47"C
t-37
The woman is probably correct. Her perceivedcomfort is basedon both radiation
and convection exchangewith the surroundings.Even though a fan does not blow
cool air on her from the refrigerator, her body will radiate to the cold interior and
thereby contribute to her feeling of "coolness."

r-38
This rs an old story. All things being equal, hot water does not freezefaster than
cold water. The only explanation for the observedfaster cooling is that the
refrigerator might be a non-self defrost model which accumulatedan ice layer on
the freezing coils. Then, when the hot water tray was placed on the ice layer, it
melted and reducedthe thermal insulation betweenthe cooling coil and the ice
tray.

ChaPterI
1-39

As in probleml-36, it mustbe observedthat a person'scomfortdependson total

by both radiationandconvection.In the
heateichangewith the surroundings
winter the w-allsof the roomwill presumablybe coolerthanthe room air and
increasethe heatlossfrom the bodies.In the sumrnrthe walls areprobablyhotter
than the room air temperatureandtherebyincreasethe heatgain or reducethe
heatlossfrom the peoplein the room.
l-40
Q=Qconv*Qnd

qconv= hA(T* - 7*) = Q)n(l')(6X78- 68)-377 Btu/hr

Fot T2= 45oF= 505oR
-Tzo)
erad=ocA1(T1a
- so54)
= (0.r714xto-8xo.g)zr(lX6X53g4
= 544 Btu/hr
+5M = 921 Btu/hr
Qwtat=377
Fot T2= 80oF= 540oR
= -36.4 Btu/hr
erad=(0.1714x to-8)(o.g)a(1)(6X53845+04)
= 377- 36'4= 340'6 Btu/hr
Qtotat
Conitusion:Radiationplaysa very importantrole in "thermalcomfort."
t-41
q ss= 0 .9 5
T i= O "C =2 7 3 K
Ta= 22"C
Ts= 25"C= 298 K
A - (12>(40)= 480 m2
a - 2t 3a')= 60262w
- \4 )= (5.668; I 0-8X0.95X480X298
= oeAl(Tsa
erad
=
W
{conv= M(To-4)=(10X480X22-0) 105,600
=
= 60,262+105,600 165,862W
Q,rlvrr
For ice 1&= 80 calf9=3.348x tOs ft<g
165'86?- =
0.495kg/sec
Massratemelted3.348x l0'
densityof ice - 1000 kel^3
0.495=
=
volume rate melted

r000

4.95xloa *34

= L.44*3
Volume= A x thk- (480X0'003)
Time to melt=

4.95x10-+ m'/s

- 29A9sec= $.808hr

t-42
The price of fuel and electricenergyvarieswidely with time of year and location
throughoutthe world, so individual answerscandiffer substantiallyfor this problem.
t-43
= 0.038 thickness:0.15m
lelasswool
A : 1 4 4 + (4 X 5 X l 2 ):3 8 4m2
T (insidebuildingsurface): -10 + 30:20oC
q lost (withoutinsulation): hAAT: (13X384X30): 149,760W
q lost (with inzulation): AAT/[Ax/k + l/h]
= (38a)(30/[0.l5l0.038+ r/r3] : 2862W
Energysavingby installinginsulation: 146,897W
This numbermust be combinedwith the energycostsobtainedin Problem 142 to obtain
the cost savingper hour (or per day, etc.
t-44
This problemis quite open-endedandthe arurwerswill stronglydependon the
assumptionscot/bunkmaterialsetc.