FRP Shear Strengthening of RC Beams (2011) - Presentation PDF

10/14/2011
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FRP Shear Strengthening

of RC Beams
ACI Spring 2011 Convention
April 3 - 7, Tampa, FL
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Amir Mofidi is a PhD candidate in the Department of
FRP Shear Strengthening

of RC Beams
Construction Engineering, University of Quebec, Ecole de

technologie suprieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His
research interests include the use of fiber-reinforced polymer
composites for strengthening and retrofitting concrete
structures.
ACI Spring 2011 Convention

April 3 - 7, Tampa, FL
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with

EB FRP: Evolutive Model versus Code
10th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced

Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures
(in conjunction with the Spring 2011 ACI Convention)
April 2-4, 2011, Marriott Tampa Waterside & Westin
Harbor Island
Table of Contents
Introduction & objectives
Influencing Parameters
Proposed Model
Validation of the Proposed Model
Conclusions
Amir Mofidi and Omar Chaallal

Presented by: Ahmed Godat
Universit du Qubec
cole de technologie suprieure
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
DRSR
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
10/14/2011
Influencing Parameters
International Design Codes and Guidelines
The following parameters that influence deboning of

FRP are studied:
Bond Model
Effective Strain
FRP Effective Anchorage Length

FRP Effective Width
Strip-Width to Strip-Spacing Ratio
Transverse Steel
Crack Pattern
Status of influencing factors on shear strengthening

of RC beams in the current design guidelines.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Research Significance
Influencing Parameters (cont'd)
The main impetus to carry out current study are;
Bond Model:
to study the effect of parameters which have
To study the mechanism of FRP debonding from concrete, a reliable

bonding model is required.
Pfrp =w frpLe eff
been proven to influence the shear resistance

of EB FRP, but which have not been sufficiently
documented in the guidelines,
Maeda et al. (1997)
to develop a transparent and evolutive design

model
for
the
strengthened
shear
beams
resistance
which
Holzenkmpfer (1994)
fail
of
FRP-
by
FRP
Khalifa et al. (1998)

Neubauer and Rostsy
(1997)
Chen and Teng (2001)
debonding.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Advantage
of
origin of
of
most
current
HB
305
origin
current
The modified
Modified
version
Holzenkmpfer
(1994)
current
NLFM
models
code 440.2R
(previously
known
ACI
to
Maeda
et
al.model
(1997)
forVfrpFRP
bonded
that
calculate
bond
as CIDAR)
model
to
calculate
,the
model
and
current
calculate
Vbetween
,
to
concrete,
strength
FRP
ACI
440.2R
model
to
frp
calculated
Vfrp,
and
concrete,
Introduced
the
The
bond
model
uses
Considers
allconcept
the
effective
length
correct
concept
The
uses
variables
in and
the
for model
FRP
bonded
to
Considers
all correct
concrete,
Le ,variables.
variables.
concept
and
bond
model,
correct
variables
in the
bond model,
Calculates Pfrp P
Lfrp
and
Le are
is
Calculated
e
Calculated
Pfrp
is
relatively
rather accurate.
accurate.
accurate
for
relatively accurate.
limited
concrete
strengths.
Effective Strain:
FRP Effective Anchorage Length:
Assuming that FRP carries only normal stresses in

the principal direction, FRP may be treated by
analogy to internal steel.
All the FRP strips intersected by the selected

shear crack are assumed to contribute the same
FRP effective strain.
Beyond a certain FRP bond-length threshold,

increasing bond length does not result in an increase
in the ultimate bond strength.
200
Le (mm)
150
Most of design models or equations basically use

similar design analogy with different definitions of
the effective strain.
Vf
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
100
Maedaet
al.(1997)
Modified
NLFM
50
2t f w f fe E f (cot cot ) sin d f

sf
disadvantage
Produces
conservative
is not
effect
of
f'designed
The
model
is have
model
Fails
to
c predict
results
in Lepredicting
to
calculate
bond
considered,
been
originally
accurately
and
eff
the bondbetween
strength,
PRC
strength
steel
developed
for these
when
frp.
plates
and
concrete,
beams
strengthened
in
Fails
to
predict
parameters
are
accurately
Le and eff
shear
with FRP.
considered
separately.
The
when model produces
these
conservative
in
parameters resultsare
predicting
effective
consideredthe
separately.
bond length, Le.
Note: In NLFM equation fct

assumed to be equal to 5 MPa.
is
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
100 E .t
200
f f (GPa.mm)
10/14/2011
FRP Effective Width:
Strip-Width to Strip-Spacing Ratio:
Only the FRP fibers that have an anchorage length

greater than the FRP effective length remain
adequately anchored.
The width of the FRP sheet, wf, is replaced by an

effective width, wfe.
Previous FRP-to-concrete direct pull-out tests have

shown that the width of the FRP sheets bonded to a
concrete block has a significant effect on the maximum
bond strength of the FRP.
According to experimental research studies as the FRP
sheets become narrower, the bond strain increases.
wfe= df - Le
df
k p 1.125
Le
Le
Effective width of FRP in RC

beam
strengthened
with
side-bonded FRP
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
2
1
wf
wf
bp
Holzenkmpfer
(1994)
and
Neubauer
and
Rostsy (1997)
bc
bp
400
sf
s
Chen and Teng (2001).
Transverse Steel:
Cracking Pattern:
It has been clearly established that the

effectiveness
of
the
strengthening
contribution of FRP to shear resistance
depends on the amount of internal shearsteel reinforcement.
Experimental observations clearly showed

that in RC beams with transverse
reinforcement the shear-crack pattern
tends to be distributed over a large width
compared with the pattern in RC beams
with no or low shear reinforcement.
No transverse reinforcement
None of the guidelines has yet considered in

their formulae the effect of transverse steel
on Vf.
Transverse steel reinforcement
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Proposed Model (cont'd)

Trapezoidal
bonding area
Transverse
Reinforcement
Ratio
(Steel + FRP)
Transverse steel reinforcement

+ EB U-Jacket FRP sheet
EB U-Jacket FRP sheet
Crack Pattern
Distribution
Area with inadequate

FRP anchorage length
FRP Anchorage
Length

Trapezoidal
bonding area

Le
Le
Le
(a)
FRP U-jacket actual width
(c)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Bond Strength
between FRP
and Concrete
Amount of FRP
fibers longer
than (or equal
to) effective
anchorage length
wfe
wfe
Le
EB FRP
contribution to
the shear
resistance
Side bonded FRP actual width
Equivalent rectangular
bond area
Equivalent rectangular
bond area
ACI
(b)
WEB SESSIONS
FRP U-jacket effective width
Le
Le
(d)
Side bonded FRP effective width
10/14/2011
kc= we / df
2.00
1.80
U-Jacket FRP-debonded
1.60
Side-bonded FRP-debonded
The effective width is then calibrated as a function of
(j f E f s E s ) for beams strengthened with a continuous

U-jacket and side-bonding configurations.
1.40
U-Jacket-concrete crushing
1.20
0.6
w fe
1.00
f E f s E s
d f
for U-Jacket
df
for side bonded
0.80
0.40
y=
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.43x-0.5
1.00
1.50
y=
2.00
0.6x-0.5
2.50
3.00
kc
3.50
In the calculation of wfe, it is assumed that the cracking

pattern changes with the amount of internal steel and external
FRP shear reinforcement as measured by their respective
rigidities.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
f E f s E s
The cracking modification factor can then be calculated as:
f E f + s E s
0.43
w fe
0.60
kc
w fe
df
w fe
df
0.6
f E f s E s
0.43
f E f s E s
for U-Jackets
for side bonded
ACI
WEB SESSIONS

Vf cal (kN)
The effects of kc to consider the effect of cracking pattern

and that of kw to incorporate the wf / sf ratio of the FRP
140.0
R2 = 0.61
120.0
strips are considered in the equation for effective strain:

100.0
fe
kc k L kw eff Le
t f .E f
0.31kc k L kw
f c
tf Ef
fu
80.0
60.0
The shear contribution of FRP, Vf, can be calculated as a

function of fe using the following equation:
Vf
40.0
2t f w f fe E f (cot cot ) sin d f
20.0
Side bonded-Proposed model
sf
U-Jacket-Proposed model
0.0
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
0.0
WEB SESSIONS
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
28
140.0
Vf exp (kN)
Validation of the Proposed Model (cont'd)

Applying kc to Vf calculated using the ACI 440.2R 2008, fib TG 9.3 2001, CAN/CSA-S806 2002, HB 305 2008 (CIDAR
2006), and CNR-DT200 2004 guidelines resulted in a
significant improvement on the accuracy of the calculated
results for all the mentioned guidelines .
Vf cal (kN)
140.0
R2 = 0.37
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
Side bonded-Proposed model

U-Jacket-Proposed model
0.0
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
Vf exp (kN)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
10/14/2011
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
A new design approach has been proposed for
The financial support of
calculating the shear contribution of FRP, taking into
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC),
the National Science and
consideration the effect of transverse steel on the EB

FRP contribution in shear.
The
Fonds qubcois de la recherche sur la
nature et les technologies (FQRNT),
The proposed model showed an acceptable correlation

with experimental results in comparison with the current
The Ministre
des Transports du Qubec (MTQ).
guidelines.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Vincenzo Bianco is a Post Doc at the Department of Structural

Engineering and Geotechnics of the Sapienza University of
Rome, Italy. He received his PhD from the Sapienza University
of Rome. His research interests include seismic assessment and
retrofit of existing structures, mechanical modeling and use of
composite materials for structural rehabilitation.
Thanks for your attention
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES

FRP-RCS10 April 2-4, 2011 - Tampa, Florida, USA
MECHANICAL MODEL : 1 Physical Aspects

POSSIBLE FAILURE MODES OF A SINGLE NSM FRP STRIP
PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF THE NSM FRP STRIPS

SHEAR STRENGTH
CONTRIBUTION TO A RC BEAM
Vincenzo Bianco
1
2
1a, J.A.O.
Barros
2b
and Giorgio Monti 1c
Dept. of Structural Engrg. and Geotechnics, Sapienza University, Rome

Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Guimares, Portugal
In analogy with the fastening

technology, 4 possible failure
modes can be foressen.
a)
Loss of bond
(debonding)
b)
Strip
Rupture
SCHEMATIZATION OF R.C.
BEAM WEB AND NSM FRP
STRIPS
assumed CDC plane
Post Doc:
vincenzo.bianco@uniroma1.it
b Associate Prof.: barros@civil.uminho.pt
c Full Prof.:
giorgio.monti@uniroma1.it
web top surface
x f 1,k ; N f ,k ;tn
beam flange
X
hw
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
bw
The two resulting web parts are

sawn together by the FRP strips. Y y
a
d)
strips
The strengthened web can be seen

as a prism divided in two parts by
the Critical Diagonal Crack (CDC)
which can be schematized as an
inclined plane intersecting the
strips.
University of Minho
at Guimares, Portugal
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
c)
Concrete semi- Mixed shallow

conical fracture semi-cone-plus
debonding
X fi
sf
web bottom surface
Oil
tn
Li
Lf
O o
Parametric studies of the NSM FRP strips shear strength

contribution to a RC beam
st
hw
Lfi
Xi l
xf1,k
sf
x f 1,k
a)
beam web
b)
FRP-RCS10 - Tampa - Florida
2-4 Aprile 2011
10/14/2011
MECHANICAL MODEL: 3 Some Computational Aspects

x f 1,k ; N f ,k ;tn
DEVELOPED MECHANICAL MODEL: 2 Physical Aspects

i; 45 ; 45; s f
SCHEME OF A SINGLE FRP STRIP
V ficf ; f ctm ; X il
V fip ,cf
90
f ctm
Semi-conical tensile fracture capacity is evaluated by

spreading the average concrete tensile strength fctm
throughout the semi-conical surface Cfi and integrating.
X il
X fi
INTERACTION AMONG ADJACENT STRIPS
C fi ; X il
45 s f 0.0
bw 2 By reducing the strips spacing,

the adjacent strips semi-conical
fracture surfaces overlap and
hw the overall fracture surface
progressively becomes smaller
than the mere summation of
each of them.
CDC plane OXY
section
Lf

2-4 Aprile 2011
u k N f , k 1 with ui ,k 0 i 1,.., N f ,k
xf1,k
sf
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
web top
bw surface
Oo
X il
C fi ; X il
b)
a)
i; tn ; q2 qe
V fibd Li tn ; LRfi tn ;q1
The first strip is placed at a distance equal to the spacing sf from the
assumed crack origin O;
of the crack;
maximum available bond length.
V fibd
Vc
tr
Li t n ; LRfi t n ; q1 ; xi
X il
Lcfi tn ;qe
l
Oi
Li tn
Li tn
Ltr ,i Li tn ; LRfi tn ;q1

2-4 Aprile 2011

Ltr ,i Li tn ; LRfi tn ;qe
C fi ;
Ld
bw
e2 j 1
3
o j bj
X fj
X oj
v1 j
aj
v2 j
e1 j
tn ; i; qm ; nn
Ld
lin
A lin
fi A f 2
strip
b)
intersection with the

CDC plane limit
semi-cones
already formed
a)
C fi L fi ; fi
E fi L fi ; fi
dE fi A nlin
A lin
fi
fi
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
dE fi
The initial strength is due to the micro-mechanical

and chemical properties of the materials involved. It
is the average of the physical entities encountered in
sequence by stresses flowing from the strip to the
surrounding concrete: 1) adhesion at the stripadhesive interface, 2) cohesion within the adhesive
and 3) adhesion at the adhesive-concrete interface.
Softening Friction
Softening
Free Slipping
2
0
Initial bond strength

adhesive-concrete adhesion
Elastic
strip-adhesive adhesion
q
X 22
Ld
A finlin A nlin
f2
c)
bw
2
2

2-4 Aprile 2011

Cohesion within the adhesive
b)
fctm . sin fi . dC fi
V fip ,cf sin . fctm
E fi X il ;
1
q
X 21
intersection with the

semi-cone of the strip
on the opposite side of
the web
C fi ; X il
V fip ,cf
bw
2
intersection with
the CDC plane
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
1) Local bond stress-slip relationship: physical phenomena occurring in sequence,

within the adhesive layer, by increasing the imposed end slip
a)
e1Pj
d)
EMPLOYMENT OF BOND AND LOSS OF BOND

(BOND; DEBONDING)
MECHANICAL MODEL: 6 Concrete Fracture Capacity

Y
It can also happen, mainly for small resisting bond

lengths, and for low concrete strength, that the fracture
mechanism reach the strips free end, so that the
ultimate configuration is composed of a semi-cone
whose height is equal to the initial available bond
length.
c)
hw

2-4 Aprile 2011
xitr
oitr
Vc
tr
i
Lcfi tn ;q1
An odd number of strips are placed so that the central one gets the
LRfi tn ;qe
xitr
o
An even number of strips are placed symmetrically with respect to the axis
e2Pj
k 3
V f , k with k 1, 2, 3 and
V fibd Li tn ; LRfi tn ;qe
V ficf X il
three possible geometrical configurations were considered:
bw
2
tn t s
y
k k 1
It can happen that, for a certain value of the imposed

end slip, after the formation of some successive and
co-axial semi-conical fractures, the portion of the strip
still adhered to concrete, fails by debonding since the
diagram of the progressive bond-transferred force
remains confined beneath the diagram of the
progressive concrete fracture capacity.
Oil
sf
web bottom
surface
In order to single out the range [VminPM-VmaxPM] of analytical values, the following
i N f ,k
y
t n tn1
fctm
i; tn ; q1
intersection with
the semi-cone of
the adjacent strip
fctm sin
LRfi tn ;q1
X il
i i 1
90
hw
x f 1,k
bw 2
Increment shear strength contribution

V f ,k t n V f ,k tn 2 V fi ,k tn sin
update matrices: H k , L R ,k , u k , D k
V ficf X il
45; 90; s f 0; bw hw 0
i 1
V fi ,k t n ; LRfi ,k t n1 ; Lcfi ,k tn 1 ; ui ,k tn1 Strip Function
45; 45; s f ; bw hw
Yy
General case: strips are not orthogonal to the Critical

Diagonal Crack
beam web

ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Evaluate and store imposed end

slips
Iteration and search for the equilibrium condition
2nd
3.
tn t1
L ,k tn N f ,k 1 with Li ,k tn i 1,., N f , k
The strips oppose this movement by anchoring

to the surrounding concrete to which they
transfer, through bond stresses, the force
originating at the intersection with the CDC and
due to the imposed end slip.
assumed
CDC plane
strips
2.
L R ,k N f ,k 1 LRfi ,k L fi ,k i 1,., N f ,k
D k N f ,k t s with Dk i; t n 0.0 i 1,., N f ,k t n t1 ,., t s
MECHANICAL MODEL: 5 Single Strip Contribution
Possible geometrical configurations taken into consideration
1.
k 1 Build and initialize the following

matrices:
H k N f ,k 2 with H i1,k x fi ,k ; H i 2, k Lcfi ,k 0.0 i 1,., N f ,k
hw
Lfi
Xil
components of f ctm parallel and

orthogonal to the web faces
MECHANICAL MODEL: 4 Computational Aspects
3rd
Det. and store general informations

define geometry in oxyz : x 3 2 ; F k N f ,k 2 k 1, 2,3
determine number of load steps: t s ; max
initialize vector: V f , k t s 1 with V f ,k tn 0.0 t n t1 ,., t s k 1, 2,3
build vector: t s 1
t n
Li
f ctm
f ctm sin

1st
Oil
Main flow chart
Input Parameters
hw ; bw ; ; s f ; ; ; f cm ; f fu ; E f ; a f ; b f ; 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 1; 2 ; 3 ; ; max ; nd
st
During the loading process of a beam subject to

shear, after the occurrence of the Critical
Diagonal Crack, the two parts of the beam start
moving apart by pivoting around the CDC end
(point E).
The components of fctm

orthogonal to the web faces are
balanced only from an overall
point of view but not locally.
This justifies the spalling of the
concrete cover which was
observed experimentally.
section plane
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
beam flange
C fi L fi ; fi
f ctm sin
fctm . sin fi . dC fi
3
q
X 22
p
X 23
The evaluation of the concrete semi-conical fracture capacity can be

reduced the evaluation of the area of the semi-ellipse intersection of
the semi-cone with the critical diagonal crack.

d f x
Equilibrium:
O
q
X 21
2) The governing differential equation, considering a

pull-out scheme, has been written fulfilling equilibrium,
kinematic compatibility and constitutive laws.

2-4 Aprile 2011
Constitutive laws:
dx
Af
Kinematic compatibility:
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Lp
3) Governing differential equation for an

infinite resisting bond length:
f x A f c x Ac 0
Ef
du f
dx
d 2
dx 2
du
c Ec c
dx
x u f x u c x
with:

x J1 0
J1
Lp 1
Af
A f E f Ac Ec

2-4 Aprile 2011
10/14/2011
PROCESS OF LOSS OF BOND FOR A FINITE

RESISTING BOND LENGTH
PROCESS OF LOSS OF BOND FOR AN

INFINITE RESISTING BOND LENGTH
oe x e
By imposing the boundary conditions and solving the differential equation for the several phases of the bond
constitutive law, we obtain: slip distribution; distribution of tangential stresses; distribution of the strip axial
stress and of the progressive force transferred to the surrounding concrete.
1) Elastic
Phase
2)
Softening
Phase
e
o x o
o x
sf
oe x e
o sf x sf
e xe s x s
e xe
e xe
s xs
e xe
fs x fs
sf x sf
s xs
sf x sf
fs x fs
e xe s x s
sf x sf
e xe
sf
fs
Once the Debonding Process has

been solved for an infinite
resisting bond length, debonding
propagation is schematized as an
invariant wave that, increasing the
imposed end slip, progresses
from the loaded end to the free
end.
x fs
fs x fs
x s xs
e
sf x sf
xitr oitr
LRfi
sf
0
sf x sf
s xs
e xe s x s
e xe s x s sf x sf
e xe
x x
e
3
1
Ltr 3
o fs x fs
os x s
sf
o fs x fs
Ltr 2
4) Free Slipping Phase
3) Softening Friction
Phase
o sf x sf
os x s
Ltr1
Thus, with geometrical relations,

the trend of slip, tangential stress,
axial stress in both the strip and
surrounding concrete can be
determined for whatever value of
both resisting bond length and
imposed end slip.
2
Li ti2 1Li t2m Li3t j 3 2 Li tn 3 2 Li tm 3 Li t p 3
e xe
e xe s x s
e x e s x s sf x sf
fs x fs
i>j>n>m>p
2
a)
V bd ,e xe
V bd ,e xe V bd ,s x s
V bd ,e xe V bd ,s x s V bd ,sf x sf
Ltr1
a)
Ltr1
V bd ,e x e
Ltr 2
b)
c)
V bd ,s x s
V bd ,sf x sf
Ltr 2
Ltr1
Ltr 3
b)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS

2-4 Aprile 2011

c)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS

2-4 Aprile 2011

MECHANICAL MODEL: APPRAISAL (2)

Beam 2S-7LI45-II
k1
30
10
0
0
k 3
10
70
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

CDC opening angle []
The typical trend of the contribution to

the shear strength provided by a
system of NSM FRP strips, as function
of the CDC opening angle, is
characterized by abrupt decays which
correspond to the strips failure.
Exp.
20
60
50
k2
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
k3
k1
Exp.
20
10
0
0
k2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Exp.
40
30
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
20
10
70
40
30
50
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Beam 2S-3LI60-I
k3
60
k2
20
10
0
0
40
Exp.
30 k 1
20
k2
10
Exp.
k1
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
60
Exp.
50
k3
40
k2
30
20
k1
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Beam 4S-7LI45-II
Beam 4S-4LI45-II
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
60
50
40
k3
30
20
k2
k1
Exp.
10
0
0
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
10
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

70
k3
40
50
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Beam 2S-7LI60-I
50
30
k2
70
Exp.
k1
k2
k3 k3
60
NSM shear contrib. Vf,k [kN]
20
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
k2
k1
40
Beam 2S-7LI45-II
Beam 2S-4LI45-II
70
k1
60
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

70
40
50
k3
k3
70
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
Exp.
50
60
70
60
30
Beam 2S-8LV-I
Beam 2S-5LV-I
k 2
k 1
70
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
60
50
40 k 2
k1
Exp.
30
20
k3
10
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

The developed mechanical model allows the maximum contribution to the shear strength provided by a
system of NSM FRP strips to be predicted with a satisfactory level of accuracy and ragardless of: amount of
existing steel stirrups, concrete mechanical properties, number and inclination of the strips.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS

2-4 Aprile 2011

ACI
WEB SESSIONS


2-4 Aprile 2011

Reducing the strips spacing, the NSM
FRP strips shear strength contribution
increases, the more as higher the
concrete mechanical properties are.
= 60; fcm = 31.1 MPa
= 60; fcm = 18.6 MPa

125
125
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
100
75
k3
50
k1
k2
25
0
5
10
15 20 25 30
Spacing sf [cm]
75
k2
= 60; fcm = 31.1 MPa; k = 3
75
50
Real
Max. Ideal
10
L2
15 20 25 30
Spacing sf [cm]
15 20 25 30
Spacing sf [cm]
c)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
35
L5
L4
k1
35
Lf 1
L1 L f 2
L3
a)
Lf 3
0.5 s f ,real
s f ,real
b)
= 60; fcm = 31.1 MPa; sf = 75.0 mm

125
NSM shear contrib. Vf [kN]
100
0
5
10
Lf 5
L 5 t n
Lf 4
100
L 3 tn
75
Ideal
50
PARAMETRIC STUDIES: RANGE OF VALUES ASSUMED FOR

EACH PARAMETER
Lf 5
Lf 4
k3
25
b)
125
25
tn 2
50
0
5
35
Exp.
k1
k2
k3
100
a)
NSM shear contrib. Vf,3 [kN]
Group effect: the reduction of the shear

strength contribution provided by a real
system of NSM strips with respect to an ideal
system in which the same system of strips,
subjected to the same system of imposed end
slips, are spaced out at such an extent that
they do not interact with each other any
longer. The group effect increases by
decreasing the strips spacing.
L 2 t n
L1 tn
25
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Spacing in the ideal configuration sf [cm]
L 4 t n
Lf 3
Lf 2
Lf 1
s f ,ideal
c)
d)

2-4 Aprile 2011
ACI
WEB SESSIONS


2-4 Aprile 2011
10/14/2011
MECHANICAL MODEL: PARAMETRIC STUDIES (1)

300
300
100
k1
k2
k3
0
0
25
50
75
100
Concrete compressive strength fcm [MPa]
k1
k2
k3
0
0
15
30
45
Concrete angle []
100
b)
max
Vfk [kN]
max
k1
k2
k3
0
0
2
4
6
Strip cross section thickness af [mm]
60
30
60
Strip spacing sf [cm]
200
100
k1
k2
k3
55
70
85
100
Strip inclination angle []
b)
300
k1
k2
k3
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
Strip Youngs Modulus Ef [GPa]
0
0
10
20
30
40
Strip cross section width bf [mm]
a)
0
40
90
300
300
200
100
a)
b)
max
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Cross section width bw [cm]
max
200
a)
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
0
0
20
40
60
80
Cross section depth hw [cm]
300
max
max
Vfk [kN]
200
100
100
a)
Vfk [kN]
300
Vfk [kN]
0
0
60
b)
k1
k2
k3
200
k1
k2
k3
200
max
15
30
45
CDC Angle []
100
200
Vfk [kN]
0
0
0.1
a)
max
max
k1
k2
k3
k1
k2
k3
max
0.05
Load step
100
200
Vfk [kN]
0
0
200
k1
k2
k3
Vfk [kN]
100
300
300
k1
k2
k3
Vfk [kN]
Vfk [kN]
200
max
Vfk [kN]
200
300
Vfk [kN]
300
k1
k2
k3
max
Vfk [kN]
300
c)
100
0
0
2
4
Strip Strength ffu [GPa]
d)
b)

2-4 Aprile 2011

ACI
WEB SESSIONS


2-4 Aprile 2011

300
300
100
k1
k2
k3
200
max
200
Vfk [kN]
k1
k2
k3
max
200
Vfk [kN]
k1
k2
k3
max
Vfk [kN]
300
100
100
Thank you for your attention

0
0
2
4
Bond parameter 0 [MPa]
0
5
a)
c)
300
300
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1
Local bond parameter 1 [mm]
d)
k1
k2
k3
200
max
200
Vfk [kN]
k1
k2
k3
max
max
Vfk [kN]
k1
k2
k3
200
0
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
Local bond parameter 2 [MPa]
35
b)
300
Vfk [kN]
15
25
Bond parameter 1 [MPa]
100
0
0
3
6
9
Bond parameter 2 [mm]
12
100
0
0
e)
5
15
20
Bond parameter 3 [mm]
25
f)
Due to both the high-performance of the currently available structural adhesives and the premature
occurrence of other failure modes such as either concrete tensile fracture or strip rupture, a variation of
each of the bond parameters does affect the peak NSM shear strength contribution.
ACI
WEB SESSIONS


2-4 Aprile 2011
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
Let me invite you to attend the 6th International Conference

on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering CICE2012
which will be held in the Eternal City of Rome, in ITALY
Further information at www.cice2012.it
Thank you for your attention
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
ACI
WEB SESSIONS
10/14/2011
Click on the image below to go to the web page.
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WEB SESSIONS
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FRP Shear Strengthening of RC Beams (2011) - Presentation PDF

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