ABSTRACT

We often hear the word "power plant" but little of what are
known as the power plant.
The world in the consumption of electrical energy based on
more than 63% by thermal power stations with a different type of
fuel from the station to the other.
But the foundation is to convert the chemical energy in fuel
into heat energy through burning and the use of these thermal
energy in electrical power generation and through:
Steam Cycle
Gas Cycle
And we will discuss this topic in the study of power plant
Shoubra

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................2
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................3
General Steam Plant Pic...............................................................................4
An unit steam-electric power station............................................................4
Simple unit STEAM POWER STATION.....................................................5
An unit steam-electric power station............................................................6
1. -Boiler......................................................................................................6
1.1....................................................................Boiler safety
6
2.Thermal Turbines......................................................................................7
2.1..................................................What is a steam turbine
7
3.Condenser ( Cooling Tower )....................................................................8
4.Generator...................................................................................................9
5.Steam drum...............................................................................................9
6.Superheater..............................................................................................10
7.Reheater..................................................................................................10
8.Bottom ash collection and disposal.........................................................11
9.Stack gas path and cleanup......................................................................11
Conclusion.................................................................................................12
REFERNCES.............................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION

Training at upper Egypt to produce electricity

Training time: about 30 Day
Location: Shubra el-kheima district on the bank of the Nile
River directly
Number of units of the station: 4
As much per unit: 450 MW
The total capacity in cases of extreme emergency: 1500 MW
Companies responsible for the station:
Consulting Business: US company Bechtel
Through this report will display the most important short
Shubra station components and theory of multiple species and
their components may be added later in the renewal of the station
Exposure will not be part of the electricity and how to deal
with it. Because the first goal of the Mechanical Engineer forces is
to identify the components of the plant and study
That's because engineers have our hand on the high level of
specialization and understanding and depth of the problems of the
station and resolved in the most difficult conditions

1.1 An Unit Steam-Electric Power Station

It is a power station in which the electric generator is steam
driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam
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turbine. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is

condensed in a condenser. The greatest variation in the design of
steam-electric power plants is due to the different fuel sources.
Almost all coal, nuclear, geothermal, solar thermal electric
power plants, waste incineration plants as well as many natural
gas power plants are steam-electric. Natural gas is frequently
combusted in gas turbines as well as boilers. The waste heat from
a gas turbine can be used to raise steam, in a combined cycle
plant that improves overall efficiency.
Shoubra El-Kheima has 4 Units every unit can Generate 300
Mega Watt .. That mean at full load the station can generate 1200
Mega watt
It has One stand by Unit ( Diesel Generation ) only use it in
Emergency cases and Critical Cases of loads
1.2 Simple unit steam power station
The idea of steam power plants based on Rankine Cycle
where this circuit depends on the conversion of thermal energy to
the job.

Fig(1)::Simple unit Steam power station

Fig(2) :: H-s Diagram for Simple unit Steam power station

1 to 2: Water pressure is raised from low pressure to high
pressure and remain in this phased in liquid image.
From 2 to 3: enters the high pressure water to the boiler and
the temperature is raised under constant pressure until it reaches
the superheated steam
super-heated steam.
From 3 to 4: steam enters the turbine and expands inside
and rotational movement of the turbine and the pressure drops
and temperature steam.
4 to 1: steam enters the condenser and turn into a liquid at a
constant temperature until it becomes saturated with liquid
saturated liquid.

1.3 Construction of unit steam-electric power

station
1-Boiler :To produce steam is to feed the water under
pressure into a tube or tubes surrounded by the combustion gases.
The earliest example of this was developed by Goldsworthy
It is has 6 Burner in Each level ..it have at Least 3 Levels so
the main number of Burners is 18 Burner All Burners are Douel
Type ( Gas line + Mazot )

1.3.1

Boiler safety

stringent legal, testing, training and certification is applied to

try to minimize or prevent such occurrences. Failure modes
include:
Over pressurization of the boiler
insufficient water in the boiler causing overheating and
vessel failure
pressure vessel failure of the boiler due to inadequate
construction or maintenance

1.4 Thermal Turbines

Steam turbines use high-pressure steam to turn electricity
generators at incredibly high speeds
Steam the inside of a steam turbine which has a roasted
steam temperature is very high up to 540 degrees Celsius, or
1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and very high pressure up to 135 bar
But this was soon less than steam temperature and pressure
when it enters the first stage of the turbine blades, but can be
exploited by recycled to the second stage of the turbine blades,
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but this is not enough steam considerably strengthens this amount

of steam and other steam roasted.
The size of the blades of the second phase of the largest
turbine blades of the first stage blades and the third phase is
greater than the blades of the second stage in terms of size and
the main reason for this is to allow the steam expansion over the
biggest energy and transmission.
In some stations steam coming out of the first stage of the
turbine and then back again to the boiler is heated again, but of
course consumes less energy then enters the second phase of the
turbine blades instead of entering directly after the first time with
other boosters amount of steam. This figure shows the full closed
session of the gas turbine consists of two phases

1.5 Condenser ( Cooling Tower )

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste

heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a
lower temperature.
The idea of condenser work is that it takes cold water from
the ocean or sea or river (no not purification unlike the water
entering the boiler) and passes the steam to be condensed in the
pipes during this quantity of water and cold water in the other
pipes and through the heat exchange gain cold temperatures in
the water even with the steam condenses to note that the cooling
cycle is open to any water cycle is changing continuously until
expels the heat gained in the river or the sea. See the following
picture shows the idea of condenser work.

1.6 Generator
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an
external circuit.

1.7 Steam drum

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The separated steam is drawn out from the top section of the
drum and distributed for process. Further heating of the saturated
steam will make superheated steam normally used to drive a
steam turbine. Saturated steam is drawn off the top of the drum
and re-enters the furnace in through a super heater. The steam
and water mixture enters the steam drum through riser tubes,
drum internals consisting of demister separate the water droplets
from the steam producing dry steam. The saturated water at the
bottom of the steam drum flows down through the down comer
pipe, normally unheated, to headers and water drum. Its
accessories include a safety valve, water-level indicator and level
controller. Feed-water of boiler is also fed to the steam drum
through a feed pipe extending inside the drum, along the length of
the steam drum.

1.7.1

Superheater

Fossil fuel power plants often have a super heater section in

the steam generating furnace. The steam passes through drying
equipment inside the steam drum on to the super heater, a set of
tubes in the furnace. Here the steam picks up more energy from
hot flue gases outside the tubing and its temperature is now
superheated above the saturation temperature. The superheated
steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves
before the high pressure turbine

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1.8 Reheater
The Main purpose of Reheat system is providing the
consummation of fuel and Cost of it so it lead to make
Efficiencymore .
Also Reheat system make the expansion of steam is longer
which act direct to the power generation at the same mass flow
rate of water in boiler.

1.9 Bottom ash collection and disposal

At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection
of bottom ash. This hopper is always filled with water to quench
the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Some
arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for conveying
the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site. Ash
extractor is used to discharge ash from Municipal solid wastefired
boilers.

1.10

Stack gas path and cleanup

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The gas exiting the boiler is laden with fly ash, which are tiny
spherical ash particles. The flue gas contains nitrogen along with
combustion products carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen
oxides. The fly ash is removed by fabric bag filters or electrostatic
precipitators.
the sulfur and nitrogen oxide pollutants are removed by stack
gas scrubbers which use a pulverized limestone or other alkaline
wet slurry to remove those pollutants from the exit stack gas.
In the United States and a number of other countries,
atmospheric dispersion modeling studies are required to
determine the flue gas stack height needed to comply with the
local air pollution regulations.

Exhaust pipe, which reaches a length of more than 200 meters

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CONCLUSION

During the training period was the acquisition of several new

and distinctive skills for us, such as:
1. see the most important parts on the ground, preview
2-station has been under maintenance unit which gave us
the opportunity to see the maintenance process clearly
3-understand Boiler- turbo content - heat exchanger - and
most important parts plant
4-helping to understand the theoretical faculty better
5-Understand the problem of electricity outages in Egypt
better
6-Stimulus to think to find unconventional solutions to
develop stations
7-Focus on the critical and very important points the station
were not important for us
8-Thinking companies see profit in the year and the economy
of the state
In the end, I hope that I have made a good future as an
engineer's report to illustrate the generation of electric power
station to station Shoubra El-Kheima in Egypt
And I hope that the report may be fulfilled the requirements
and specifications might find innovations and solutions to the
problem of power in Egypt
And the current and next time thinking in the development of
power plants will be considered and the trend to ::
1. Wind Energy2-Solar power
3- wave energy4. Nuclear power
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And other renewable energies that will help a lot in solving

the energy problem in Egypt and the world

REFERNCES

*Maury Klein, The Power Makers: Steam, Electricity, and the

Men Who Invented Modern America Bloomsbury Publishing USA.

*Thomas C. Elliott, Kao Chen, Robert Swanekamp (coauthors)

(1997). Standard Handbook of Powerplant Engineering (2nd edition
ed.). McGraw-Hill Professiona

*Canada, Scott; G. Cohen; R. Cable; D. Brosseau; H. Price

(2004-10-25). "Parabolic Trough Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Power
Plant" (PDF). 2004 DOE Solar Energy Technologies (Denver,
Colorado: US Department of Energy NREL). Retrieved 2009-03-1

* Training Data Book from Staff Manger in Department

Training In Station
*http://www.cairoepc.com/shoubra.html

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