PLATED STRUCTURAL

ELEMENTS : EN 1993-1-5
Ultimate limit states of plated
structural elements
Prof. J.P. Jaspart
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Outline
Contents of European standard EN1993-1-5
General principle of section design check
Effects of plate buckling
Direct stresses
Shear stresses
Interaction M-N-V

Patch loading
Interaction M-N-F

Flange induced buckling

Additional information
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

EUROCODE EN 1993-1-5
Contents

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

General
Scope : Plate buckling of in-plane loaded plates
Main text
Chapters 1 to 10 (normative)
Annexes
Annexes A to E (informative)

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Main text (normative)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Introduction
Basis of design and modeling
Shear lag effects in member design
Plate buckling effects due to direct stresses
Resistance to shear
Resistance to transverse loads
Interaction
Flange induced buckling
Stiffeners
Reduced stress method

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Annexes (informative)
A
B
C
D
E

Calculation of reduction factors for stiffened

plates
Non uniform members
FEM calculations
Members with corrugated webs
Flow-charts

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Terminology (1)

Subpanel 1
Unstiffened
panel

Longitudinally stiffened panel

Subpanel 2

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Terminology (2)
Critical stress/load :
Related to the behavior of a perfect plate, i.e.
without initial out-of-plane and residual
stresses
Elastic concept : material indefinitely elastic
Associated to so-called buckling by bifurcation
of equilibrium

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

Terminology (3)
Ultimate load:
Related to the behavior of an industrial, i.e.
imperfect plate
Due account taken of imperfections and
material yielding
Associated to presumably actual carrying
capacity

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

SECTION DESIGN CHECKS

General principle

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

10

Flow-chart
Direct stresses

Shear stresses

Effects of shear lag in the flanges

(Effects of shear lag in the flanges)

Participating width
Gross section
Distribution of direct stresses

Gross section
Distribution of shear stresses

Effects of local buckling

due to

Effects of local buckling due to

Reduction factor

Reduction factor vl

c obtained by interpolation

Effects of global buckling

due to

between two types of behavior

Plate behavior :

Reduction factor c
Superposition of pan et c
Effective section

Resistance to direct stresses

of effective section
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Reduction factor p
Column behavior
Reduction factor

Interaction M-N-V

Effects of global buckling

due to
Reduction factor vg

min (vl , vg)

Resistance to shear

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

11

Unified procedure for instability problems

Yield load

Elastic critical load

Reduced slenderness

Instability curves

Reduction factor
Ultimate load
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

12

EFFECTS
OF PLATE BUCKLING
Direct stresses

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

13

Methodology for direct stress loading

Physical (actual) section
Effects of shear lag in the flanges (in tension
and/or in compression) (p)
Participating width and gross section
Effects of plate buckling due to direct stresses
(s)
Local buckling
Global buckling

Effective width in compression

Effective section
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

14

Two methods
Method 1 : Effective section
Class 4 section = Effective section of compression
elements (p+s) and gross section of tension
elements (s)
Properties of effective section: Aeff , Ieff , Weff
Compression limited to yield stress: fyd fy /M

Method 2 : Effective stress

Properties of gross section: A, I, W
Compression limited to effective stress: d cr /M
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

15

Restricted scope for plate buckling design

In the context of girders in buildings
I sections are mostly used
Effects of shear lag negligible, therefore fully
disregarded
Very often web depth such that longitudinal web
stiffeners are useless
Buckling
restricted
to
unstiffened
or
transversely stiffened panels
In the context of girders in bridges
Longitudinal stiffeners classically used
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

16

Local plate buckling

Reduction factor
Applies to any unstiffened panel/subpanel
Relative plate slenderness (width b and thickness t)
p = (fy /cr,p) (b/t )/(28,4 k) ?with : = (235/fy)

Reduction factor for local plate buckling

= 1/ p - 0,055(3+) /p 1
= 1/ p - 0,188 / p 1
Effective width bc,eff of compression zone the width
of which is bc
bc,eff = bc
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

17

Local plate buckling

Effective width Inner compression elements
Distribution of direct stresses
(compression positive)
1

Effective width beff

2
be1

=1

be2

be1 = 0,5 beff

1>>0

1
be2
b

be1 =

bc

be2 = beff - be1

beff = bc = b / (1-)

<0
be2

be1 = 0,4 beff

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

beff

bt

1
be1

be2 = 0,5 beff

beff = b

2 5

2
be1

Buckling factor k
and allocation of beff

beff = b

= 2/1

1>>0

4,0

8,2 / (1,05 + )

7,81

0 > > -1

be2 = 0,6 beff

-1

7,81 - 6,29 + 9,78 2 23,9

-1 > > -3
5,98 (1 - )2

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

18

Local plate buckling

Effective width Compression outstands
Distribution of direct stresses
(compression positive)

Effective width beff

1>0

b eff
1

beff = c

bt

<0

bc
1

beff = bc = c / (1-)

b eff

= 2/1

-1

1 -3

0,43

0,57

0,85

0,57 - 0,21 + 0,07 2

b eff

1>0

Buckling factor k
and allocation of beff

beff = c

b eff

<0

beff = bc = c / (1-)

2
bc

= 2/1
k
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

bt

1
0,43

1>>0
0,578 / ( + 0,34)

0
1,70

0 > > -1

-1
2

1,7 - 5 + 17,1

23,8

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

19

Global plate buckling

Applied to:

Unstiffened panel
Stiffened panel composed of the sole effective
parts with regard to local plate buckling

Reduction factor c for global plate buckling

Due account taken of the type of structural
response

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

20

Global plate buckling

Two types of behavior : Critical response
Plate-type
behavior

Pronounced double curvature

deflection
Biaxial response
Substantial stabilizing
transverse membrane effects
Mostly cylindrical deflection

Column-type
behavior

Mostly uniaxial response

Low stabilizing transverse
membrane effects

Critical response : difference in behavior taken into

account through buckling factor k
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

21

Global plate buckling

Two types of behavior : Ultimate response
Comparaison of carying capacities
Rduction factor

1,2
Column buckling

Plate buckling

0,8

1/

0,6

Euler

0,4

von Karman

0,2

Yield plateau

1/

1/

0
0

Postcritical reserve

Reduced slenderness

Ultimate response: difference in behavior not taken

into account through plate buckling factor
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

22

Global plate buckling

Interactive behavior at ULS
Assumed plate-type behavior
Reduction factor for plate buckling
( relative to appropriate loading)
Assumed column-type behavior
Reduction factor c for column buckling
Presumably actual behavior
Reduction factor c obtained by interpolation
between and c
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

23

Global plate buckling

Reduction factor c

Transition range
=

cr ,p
cr ,c

cr , p
cr ,c

Plate

c =

=0
<1

Plattenbeulen

(2)(c)

Column
Stabknicken

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

1<

cr , p
cr ,c

=1,0
<2

cr , p
cr ,c

>2

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

24

Global plate buckling

Column-type behavior
Column = Most compressed stiffener + Participating
plate width
Gross
properties

cr,c = cr,st (bc /bst)

bst

Ast , Ist

bc

Plate buckling
Effective width

cr,st = EIx,st /Ast a

A,c =

Ast ,eff
Ast

Effective
area

+
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ast,eff

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

25

Global plate buckling

Column-type behavior c
A.c = Ast.eff / Ast

Efficiency factor

Critical column buckling stress cr,c = cr,st (bc / bst)

Relative column slenderness

c = (A.c fy /cr.c )0.5

Column buckling curve factor

* = f(, dissymmetry)

Reduction factor for column buckling (see

analytical expression of column buckling curves)
c = f(c, *)
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

26

Global plate buckling

Plate-type behavior p
A.c = Ast.eff / Ast

Efficiency factor

cr,p

Critical plate buckling stress

Relative plate slenderness

p = (A.c fy /cr.p )0.5

Reduction factor for plate buckling

p = 1/ p - 0,055(3+) /p 1
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

27

Global plate buckling

Plate-type behavior : No stiffener
Case of unstiffened plate (no longit. stiffener)
Elastic critical plate buckling stress (reference =
mostly compressed edge)
cr,p= kp E = k.p .189000 (t/b) (N/mm)
Determination of plate buckling factor k.p

Charts (ex.: Klppel et al)

Software (ex.: EBPlate)
Approximate expressions (ex.: previous table)

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

28

Global plate buckling

Plate-type behavior: 1 stiffener
One stiffener
Model of column on elastic foundation
Column = Stiffener + participating plate width
Foundation reflects transverse membrane action in
the plate (plate effect)
X

Column

Elastic foundation

cr,p = cr,st,elast found

European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Section XX

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

29

Design criterion for bending resistance

Elastic section moduli of the effective section
Weff,lower, Weff,upper

Design moment resistance

MRd = min (Weff,lower fy /M0 , Weff,upper fy /M0 )

Design bending moment MEd

Bending resistance criterion (under reservation of
further verification of M-V interaction)
1 =

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

MEd
MRd

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

30

General design criterion for direct stresses

Member section properties
Aeff for pure axial compression and Weff for pure
bending
Design internal forces NEd and Med at min [0.4 a or
0.5b] from panel edge where largest stress with,
possibly, due account for 2nd order effects in the
member

x.Ed
.

N
Ed
fy A
eff

M
+

+N e
Ed N 1
fy W
eff

Ed

My

M0
M0
0
+ Section resistance at the end gross sections
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

31

EFFECTS
OF PLATE BUCKLING
Shear stresses

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

32

What needs to be checked ?

Rigid intermediate transverse stiffeners when
present (assumption)
Shear buckling is only likely to affect panels
between adjacent transverse stiffeners
To be considered:
Local shear plate buckling (subpanels)
Global shear plate buckling (unstiffened or
longitudinally stiffened panel)

For end panels, distinction made between flexible

and rigid transverse end stiffeners
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

33

Two types of end transverse stiffeners

e
tf

bf

hw

Ae

Cross-section

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

No end stiffener

Rigid stiffener
(see EN1993-1-5 for
criteria to be fulfilled)

Flexible stiffener

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

34

Plastic shear resistance

or shear buckling resistance?
Shear resistance = plastic shear resistance
except if shear buckling governs
Shear buckling governing when:
hw/tw > 72 /
for unstiffened web
hw/tw > 31(/) k
for stiffened web
where:
= (235/fyw)0,5 (where fy is in N/mm)
=1,20 up to steel grade S460, otherwise = 1,00
k : shear buckling factor
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

35

Shear buckling factor k

Elastic critical shear buckling stress
2
cr = k E = k ( E 12(1 )) ( tw hw )
Shear buckling factor
k = 5.34 + 4(hw / a)2 + kst

when a / hw 1

k = 4 + 5.34(hw / a)2 + k st

when a / hw 1

Subpanel
Unstiffened panel
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Effects of
longitudinal
stiffeners

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

36

Design shear resistance

Design plastic shear resistance of web
Vpl.Rd = (fyw/3)Av /M0
where Av is the shear area taken as hwtw for a
built-up welded I section loaded parallel to the web
Design shear buckling resistance = Sum of two
contributions
Vb.Rd [=vVpl.Rd(M0/M1)] =wVpl.Rd(M0/M1) + fVpl.Rd (M0/M1)
Vbw.Rd
Web contribution
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Vbf.Rd
Flange contribution

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

37

Design shear resistance

a
E

bf t
f

MSd

Vw
(a)

Vw

Vf
(b)

Vf

Web contribution

Flange contribution

The web acts as a

plate subjected to
shear till it buckles

Once the web has buckled

the web is still able to act
as the diagonal of a truss
member till this diagonal
has fully yielded

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

tw

(c)

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

38

Reduction factor w for web contribution

Relative slenderness for shear buckling
w = [( fyw / 3) / cr ]0.5

Reduction factor for web contribution

w = f (w , type of stiffener)
w

Rigid end
stiffener

Flexible
end stiffener

w<0.83/

0.83/ <w<1.08

0.83/w

0.83/w

1,08<w

1,37/(0.7+ w)

0.83/w

Web contribution Vbw.Rd = w Vpl.Rd (M0/M1)

European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

39

Shear buckling resistance

Reduction factor w for web contribution

1,40

1,20

Grades S460 : =1,20

1,00

Grades > S460 : =1,00

Rigid transverse end stiffener

0,80

0,60

0,40

Flexible transverse end stiffener

0,20

0,00
0,0

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

1,0

2,0

3,0

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

40

Reduction factor f for flange contribution

a
2

1,6bf tf fyf
c = 0.25 +
2

t
h
fyw
w
w

(a)

bf t
f

MSd

Vw
Vw

tw

Vf
(b)

Vf

(c)

Reduction factor for flange contribution

2
= ( bf tf2fyf 3 c tw hw fyw ) 1 ( MEd Mf .Rd )

Effects of relative flange Effects of reduced flange bending

stiffness on the anchor length capacity due to direct stresses

Contribution of the flanges Vbf.Rd = f Vpl.Rd (M0/M1)

European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

41

Design criterion for shear resistance

Design shear force
VEd

Design shear resistance Vpl.Rd (M0/M1)

Vb.Rd = Vbw.Rd +Vbf.Rd

fyw hw tw / ( 3 M 1 )

Criterion for shear resistance (under reservation of

further verification of M-V interaction)
VEd
3 =
1
Vb.Rd

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

42

EFFECTS
OF PLATE BUCKLING
M-V Interaction

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

43

M - V interaction
Design values of coincident loading
(MEd , VEd )
Relative loading
1 =

MEd
M pl .Rd

et

3 =

VEd
Vbw .Rd

Do not confuse with 1 and 3 ! ! !

Mpl.Rd : design plastic moment resistance

Vbw.Rd : web contribution to design shear resistance
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

44

Design criterion for M - V interaction

VEd

Mf .Rd
1 + 1
M
pl .Rd

Vb.Rd
Vbw.Rd

2
23 1 1

Reminders
0,5 Vbw.Rd

Mf.Rd
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Mf.Rd is the design plastic

moment resistance of the
1 < 1 section consisting in its
flanges only
MEd
Mf.Rd and Mpl.Rd to be
Mpl.Rd possibly reduced for due
effects of axial force
MRd

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

45

EFFECTS
OF PLATE BUCKLING
Patch load

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

46

Limitations of the standard

Loading situations
a) In-span patch load
b) Opposite patch loads
c) End patch load

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

47

Distribution length ss of patch load

Patch load is usually not a concentrated point
load but a load of significant magnitude distributed
over a rather short length, designated as
distribution length ss
Distribution length ss determined as indicated
below depending on the mode of load transmission
45

FS

ss

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

FS

ss

FS

ss

FS

ss

FS

tf

Ss = 0

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

48

Design resistance to patch load

Yield resistance to patch loading
Fy = ly fyw tw
Critical patch load

Fcr = 0,9kF E tw 3 hw

Relative slenderness for patch load

w = Fy Fcr
F

F =

0
5
,
0

Reduction factor for patch loading resistance

1

Design resistance to patch loading

FRd = Fy F / M1

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

49

Effective loaded length ly

Fy = ly fyw tw
Mo

ly
ss

bf

bf

Fy

Mo

tf
0,14h

Mi Mi
fywtw

tw
Mo

Mi

Effective loaded length ly (in-plane/end patch load)

derived from a plastic hinge mechanism in the
patch loaded flange and some calibration

l y = ss + 2tf 1 + m1 + m2 a

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

50

Buckling factor for patch load kF

Fcr ( kF E ) = 0,9 kF E tw 3 hw
FS
V1.S

ss
a

FS

tf

ss
V 2.S

tw

VS

bf

In-span patch load

2
kF = 6 + 2 ( hw a )

)
hw
tf

End patch load

kF = 2 + 6 ( ss + c ) /hw 6

Note :
kF values assume that rotation of the patch loaded
flange about its longitudinal axis is prevented
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

51

Effects of longitudinal stiffening

Significant
benefit
when
longitudinal stiffener located
close to patch loaded flange
Increase
in
patch
load
resistance when closed section
stiffener due to torsional rigidity
Provisions
for
kF
when
longitudinal stiffener to be used
carefully (research work still in
progress)

Support reaction during launching

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

52

Design criterion for patch loading

resistance

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

FEd
FRd

FEd

F Fy
M1

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

53

M-N-F Interaction
M-N-F interaction
2 + 0,81 1,4

with 1 1 and 21
2
1
0,6

Non admissible
Admiss.

0,5
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

1
1

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

54

EFFECTS
OF PLATE BUCKLING
Flange induced buckling

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

55

Physical background
y
Nfl

Nfl
0,5hw

Nfl

Nfl
d

Afl

R
tw

hw

Afl
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

56

Design criterion for flange induced buckling

Curvature induced by overall bending
Vertical compression in the web
Large web slenderness
Risk of vertical buckling of the flange

To prevent such instability

Limit the web depth-to-thickness ratio

hw t w k E f yf

Aw

Afc / 1 + ( hw E 3 r fyf )

k = 0,3 up to 0,55 depending on required rotation capacity

r = radius of initial curvature (in elevation) of flanges
European Erasmus Mundus
Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

57

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Commentary
Worked examples
Design tools

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

58

Commentary and worked examples

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

59

EBPlate software
Determination
of
elastic
critical
loads
of
unstiffened/stiffened plates with complex boundary
conditions and subjected to complex loading conditions

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

60

European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course

Ultimate limit states of plated structural elements

Preliminary agreement of the authors is required before using the present pedagogic supports
outside the framework of the training session

61