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Homework 5 of Matb 210 (Hand in to TA Wang Zhibo in Tutorial) due on
22/9/2014(Mon) for matb210-002, on 24/9/2014(Wed) for matb210-003.
13.6 Find the differential of the following functions:
1. f (x, y) = 3x2 + 4xy 2y 2 :
f
f
differential df =
dx +
dy = (6x + 4y)dx + (4x 4y)dy.
x
y
Remarks. (i) If u = f (x, y, z) is a function of 3 variables, then du ( or df if one
just want to indicate the function f rather the dependent variable u ), then
f
f
f
dx +
dy +
dz.
df =
x
y
z
(ii) one should think of the (component) differentials dx, dy, dz is another symbol
the canonical basis vectors i, j and k.
7. f (x, y, z) = log(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), then by chain rule of one variable, one has
f
1
2
2x
= 2

(x + y 2 + z 2 ) = 2
. So the differential
x
x + y 2 + z 2 x
x + y2 + z2
f
f
f
2x
df =
dx +
dy +
dz = 2
dy +
dx +
x
y
z
x + y2 + z2

8. f (x, y, z) = sin(xyz), df =

dx +

dy +

13.7 Use the exact value f (P ) and the differential df to approximate the value f (Q).

17. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 ; P (3, 4), and Q(2.97, 4.04)

f
2x2 2 , 2y2 2 ), and f (P ) = f (3, 4) = ( 35 , 45 ).
f (x, y) = f
x i + y j = (
2

19. f (x, y) =

dz.

1
1+x+y ;

f
(x y)( ) (x + y)( )
=
=
,
x
(x y)2
(x y)2
f
(x y)( ) (x + y)( )
=
=
x
(x y)2
dx
dy
dx +
dy =
.
df =
2
2
2
(x y)
(x y)
(x y)

16. f (x, y, z) = xyz exp(x2 y 2 z 2 ),

df = exp(x2 y 2 z 2 )(
dx +

dy +

dz).

x +y

13.6 Use differentials to approximate the indicated number:

26. ( 26)( 3 28)( 4 17)

dz.

x+y
xy ,

P (3, 6), and Q(3.02, 6.05)

27. e0.4 = exp(1.12 0.92 )

14. f (x, y) =

x +y

f (Q) = f (3 0.03, 4 + 0.04),

(where h is a vector = (0.03, 0.04) )
= f (P + h) = f (P ) + f (P ) h + higher order terms in h
f (P ) + f (P ) h
= f (3, 4) + f (3, 4) (0.03, 0.04) = 5 + ( 35 , 45 ) (0.03, 0.04) = 5 +

18. f (x, y) = x2 y 2 ; P (13, 5), and Q(13.2, 4.9)

0.07
5 .