M. S.

Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

Private University Established in Karnataka State by Act No. 15 of 2013

Faculty of Pharmacy
Department
Batch
Subject Code
Subject
Leader(s)

Pharmacy Practice
Course
2014
Year
PDA201T
Subject Title
Dr. V. Lakshmi Prasanna Marise

Doctor of Pharmacy
II Pharm D
Pathophysiology

Assignment
Term - 1
Instructions to students:
1. The assignment consists of 3 questions.
2. Maximum marks is 30
3. The assignment has to be neatly word processed as per the prescribed
format.
4. The printed assignment must be submitted to the subject leader.
5. Submission Date: 31st October 2015
6. Submission after the due date will not be accepted.
7. The maximum number of pages should be restricted to 15.
8. Part A should be limited to 3 pages of A4 size.
9. IMPORTANT: It is essential that all the sources used in preparation of the
assignment must be suitably referenced in the text.
10.
Marks will be awarded only to the sections and sub-sections clearly
indicated as per the problem statement.
Preamble
Cigarette smoking is injurious to health because it contains over
4000 chemicals including 43 known cancer causing compounds and 400 other
toxins. These include nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia,
hydrogen cyanide, arsenic and dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane.

Every year

hundreds of thousands of people around the world die from diseases caused by
smoking cigarette. One in two life time smokers die from their habit. Half of
these deaths has occurred in middle age. Tobacco smoke can contribute to a
number of cancers. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low
birth weight, premature birth, spontaneous abortion, perinatal mortality in
humans which has been referred to as fetal tobacco syndrome.
Overweight and obesity have become a growing threat
worldwide: more than one-third of adults are obese (BMI 30 kg/m 2), and the
prevalence in children tripled over the past 3 decades. Obesity has been known
to

be

associated

with

several

comorbid

conditions,

including

diabetes,

hypertension, heart disease, and various types of cancer. Obesity itself was
1

M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

Private University Established in Karnataka State by Act No. 15 of 2013

officially declared a disease state in 2011 by the American Association of Clinical

Endocrinologists.
Grafts are essential for transplantation of tissues and organs like
liver, heart, kidney, bone marrow, cornea, skin. For a successful transplantation,
HLA between the donor and the recipient should be matched. Greater the
genetic disparity, the greater the chance for rejection reactions, which can be
either acute or chronic.

Part -A
(10 marks)
Smoking and its ill effects
Your essay should emphasise on:
1. Constituents of smoke
2. Hazards of smoking
3. Measures to overcome the problems
Part B
B.1Describe the various complications of obesity and add a note on life style
modifications
B.2 Enlist the types of grafts based on their usage. Write a note on graft rejection
mechanisms and their subsequent management. Explain in brief about their
availability in India with their brand names