End-round practical examination

revision Part I
Ayman Zaaqoq
2012-2013

Subjects included
Forensic medicine

Toxicology

Age determination
PM changes
ML report
Death certificate
Wounds
Firearm injuries
Head injuries
Physical injuries
Asphyxia
Forensic radiology

General Toxicology
Pharmacognosy
ECG
ABG
Bedside tests
CPR

Exam sections

Exam
(40 marks)

Data show
(37 marks)

CPR
(3 marks)

Age determination

Separate item or as a part of ML report.

Identify x-ray
Determine age in a single or both sexes
Justification
ML importance of a certain age (e.g. 18 y, 21 y)

Appearance of ossification
centers after birth
Below1 year as ossific center of the head
of femur not appeared.

Appearance of ossification
centers after birth
1 y (ossific center at head of femur), <4
y (absent ossific center at greater
trochanter)

What is the age?

Above 2 years: ossific center of lower
radius

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What is the age?

What are the ages?

What are the ages ?

What is the age ?

What is the age ?

>4 y (ossific center at greater
trochanter), <15 y
(triradiate suture is opened)

What is the age ?

These radiographs belong to male persons.

1) Identify the age of each one.
2) Mention the male who cannot be accused to
commit rape.

PM changes

Identify
Timing (PM interval, time passed since death)
Factors affecting
ML importance

Hypostasis and contact flattening

Hypostasis

Hypostasis and contact flattening

Hypostasis

Hypostasis

Rigidity

Rigidity

Rigidity

Cadaveric spasm

Cadaveric spasm

Putrefaction

Putrefaction

Putrefaction (arborization, skin

slippage)

Putrefaction (bloating)

Putrefaction (Purge fluid)

Mummification

Mummification

Adipocere

Adipocere

1) Identify these post mortem changes.

2) Match each post mortem change with its

affecting factor
1) Environmental humidity
2) Ante mortem convulsion
3) Serum level of fibrinolysin & Blood fluidity
4) Nervous tension

Wounds

Separate slide or as a part of ML report

Type
Description (ML report)
Causative instrument
One or two causes of death (complications)
ML classification
ML importance
Duty of the physician

Contusions

Contusions

Contusions

Defensive contusions

Contusions

Finger contusions

Contusions

Finger contusions

Contusions

Finger contusions

Contusions

Tramline contusion

Contusions

Tramline contusion

Contusions

Pattern contusion by side

and edge of a belt

Contusions

Pattern contusion by metal

grill

Contusions

Pattern contusion by tip of

flashlight

Contusions

Pattern contusion by side

and tip of a pipe

Contusions
Black eye

Contusions
Black eye

Contusions
Black eye

Dragging abrasions

Dragging abrasions

Road rash

Dragging abrasions

Road rash

Dragging abrasions

Road rash

Sliding abrasions

pressure abrasions
Falling from height on metal grill

pressure abrasions

Bite mark

pressure abrasions

Bite mark

pressure abrasions

Pattern of fingernails

pressure abrasions

Pattern of fingernails

pressure abrasions

Pattern of fingernails

pressure abrasions

Pattern of ligature

pressure abrasions

Pattern of ligature

pressure abrasions

Pattern of ligature

pressure abrasions

Pattern of ligature

pressure abrasions

Pattern of ligature

pressure abrasions

Pattern of a shoe sole

pressure abrasions

Pattern of a shoe sole

pressure abrasions

Pattern of a shoe

pressure abrasions

Pattern of seat belt

pressure abrasions

Pattern of airbag

pressure abrasions

Tire marks

pressure abrasions

Tire marks

Contused wounds

Contused wounds
By hammer

Contused wounds
By hammer

Contused wounds
By pipe

Contused wounds
By fist blow

Contused wounds
By gun stock

Contused wounds

Crushed wound

Contused wounds

Crushed wound

Contused wounds

Torn (flap) wound

Contused wounds

Avulsion

Contused wounds

Cut contused wounds

Contused wounds

Cut contused wounds

Cut wounds

Cut wounds

Cut wounds

Cut wounds

Cut wounds

Cut wounds defensive

Cut wounds - defensive

Cut wounds defensive

Cut wounds defensive

Cut wounds defensive

Cut wounds self-inflicted

Cut wounds self-inflicted

Cut wounds self-inflicted

Cut throat
Homicidal

Suicidal

Cut throat
Homicidal

Suicidal

Cut throat

Homicidal

Cut throat

Homicidal

Cut throat

Suicidal

Cut throat

Homicidal

Cut throat

Homicidal

Cut nape

Stab wound

Stab wound

Stab wounds

Stab wounds

Stab wounds

Stab wound

Stab wound
Fork

Stab wound
Scissors

Puncture wound (Phillips-head screwdriver)

Puncture wound (flat-head screwdriver)

Stab wound
The shape depends on
movement of the
causative instrument
during stabbing and
withdrawal

Stab wound
The shape depends on
movement of the
causative instrument
during stabbing and
withdrawal

Stab wound
Edges are cleanly cut
with no abrasions and
contusions, except with
blunt instruments or
knife guards.

Stab wounds - defensive

Stab wounds - defensive

Stab wounds - suicidal

Stab wounds - suicidal

Stab x-ray

Stab x-ray

1) Identify each lesion

2) Match each lesion with the most probable causative instrument

1) Identify each lesion

2) Complete
In lesion (A) one possible specific mechanism
of death
In lesion (B) legal classification of this lesion