PARASITOLOGY LONG QUIZ RATIONALE

Test I.
Infective Stages
1. Plasmodium vivax
Answer: Sporozoites
Infectious sporozoites, which are relaeased from the oocyst migrate to the
salivary gland mosquito, awaiting delivery to mans blood stream during
mosquitos blood meal.
2. Leishmania donovani
Answer: Promastigote
Sandfly takes a blood meal and ejects promastigote stage into the skin.
3. Trypanosoma brucei
Answer: Trypanosomes
Trypanosomes (Infective Stage) from the flys salivary gland are deposited
in the lesions at the site of the bite. It multiplies in the blood early, lymph nodes
and central nervous system later.
4. Trypanosome cruzi
Answer: Trypanosomes
Trypanosomes (Infective Stage) enter wound and multiply in the
macropages as leishmania donovan bodies.
5. Plasmodium falciparum
Answer: Sporozoites
Infectious sporozoites, which are released from the oocyst migrate to the
salivary gland mosquito, awaiting delivery to mans blood stream during
mosquitos blood meal.
6. Babesia microti
Answer: Sporozites
Ticks take blood meals and then sporozoites are introduced into host.
7. Leishmania tropica
Answer: Promastigote
Sandfly takes a blood meal and ejects promastigote stage into the skin.
Causative agents
1. American trypanosomiasis
Answer: Trypanosoma cruzi
Mode of transmission is through a bite of a reduviid bug. Trypanosomes
(Infective Stage) enter wound and multiply in the macropages as leishmania
donovan bodies.
2. Eastern African sleeping sickness
Answer: Tryponosoma brucei rodesiense
Mode of transmission is through a bite of a tse-tse fly. Trypanosomes
(Infective Stage) from the flys salivary gland are deposited in the lesions at the
site of the bite. It multiplies in the blood early, lymph nodes and central nervous
system later.

3. Malaria in the Philippines

Answer: Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is the common cause of malaria in the Philippines.
4. Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Answer:Leshmania tropica
It is transmitted through a bite of sandfly. Amastigote of L. tropica remain
localized intracellularly in skin macrophages
5. Worldwide malaria
Answer: Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivaz is the common cause of malaria worldwide.
6. American leishmaniasis
Answer:Leishmania tropica
It is transmitted through a bite of sandfly. Amastigote of L. tropica remain
localized intracellularly in skin macrophages
7. Kala-azar
Answer: Leishmania donovani
It is transmitted through a bite of sandfly. Amastigote spread to vicera,
multiplies in macrophages in liver and spleen.
8. Espundia
Answer: Leishmania braziliensis
It is transmitted through a bite of sandfly. Amastigote can flare- up year
later, eroding cartilage of the nose.
9. Western African sleeping sickness
Answer: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Mode of transmission is through a bite of a tse-tse fly. Trypanosomes
(Infective Stage) from the flys salivary gland are deposited in the lesions at the
site of the bite. It multiplies in the blood early, lymph nodes and central nervous
system later.
Diagnostic stages
1. Plasmodium spp.
Answer: Gametocye, Trophozoites in RBC, Schizonts in RBC
2. Babesia microti
Answer: No Gametocye, Trophozoites in RBC, Schizonts in RBC

Vectors
1. Plasmodium spp.
Answer: Female Anopheles mosquito
2. Leishmania spp.
Answer: Sandflies
3. Trypanosoma cruzi
Answer:Triatoma bug / Rhodnius Bug

4. Trypanosoma brucei
Answer: Tsetse fly
OTHER NAME:
1. Plasmodium falciparum - Malignant Tertian Malaria
2. Plasmodium ovale - Benign Tertian Malaria
3. Plasmodium malariae - Quartan Malaria
4. Plasmodium vivax - Benign Terian Malaria
TEST II. TRUE OR FALSE
1. Mosquito vectors ingest Sporozoites during a blood meal. These Sporozoites then
develop to become gametocytes in the gut of the mosquito vector and then travel to its
proboscis.
2. Characteristic Promastigotes may be seen in the blood in patients having Kala-azar
disease. These promastigotes contain one kinetochore near the posterior portion and
no undulating membranes.
3. Babesia species do not involve the liver but have a similar life cycle to that of
Trypomastigote. These species demonstrate trophozoite and schizont stages in the
blood smear.
4. Leishmania donovani species are lodged in visceral organs such as lymph nodes
and bone marrows. These parasites do not produce Epismastigotes.
5. Sleeping sickness diagnosis involves tissue and muscle biopsies. The causative
agent of this disease is considered as the only parasite discovered before the discovery
of the disease.
TEST III.
1. What is the main difference between the gametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum
and Babesia microti?
The difference between plasmodium falciparum and babesia microti is that latter
doesnt have gametocytes.
2. In a tabular form, differentiate the four main Human Plasmodium spp according
to:
a. Pigments
b. Length of schizogony in mosquitoes
c. Stages present in peripheral blood
Plasmodium

Plasmodium

Plasmodium

Plasmodium

PIGMENTS
LENGTH OF
SCHIZOGONY
IN
MOSQUITOES
STAGES
PRESENT IN
PERIPHERAL
BLOOD

falciparum
Maurers dot

vivax
Schuffners dot

None

none

Crescent;
gametocyte;
trophozoite

Round form;
the same size
with RBC;
Gametocyte

ovale
James dots
Schuffners dot
none

malariae
Ziemann dots

Almost the
same with
P.vivax;
gametocyte;
troph

Smaller than
P.vivax;
gametocyte;
troph

None