Hilton EMEA Energy Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide - Final - V - 1.0

ENERGY AND WATER-EFFICIENT DESIGN:
A COMPANION GUIDE TO HILTON EMEA

BRAND STANDARDS
Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016
Quality Management
Issue/revision
Issue 1
Revision 1
Revision 2
Report Status
DRAFT 1
DRAFT 2
FINAL; Version 1.0
Date
17th June 2016
26th July 2016
29th July 2016
Revision 3
Version 1.0 July 2016
Contents
Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.
Design Philosophy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Overarching Principles: The Holistic Approach to Low Energy Design ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Design Principles .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.
Building Design Elements ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Building Fabric .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Passive Heating & Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Solar Shading................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Glazing Specification and Solar Films ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.
Energy & Water Requirements by Area ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.
Technical Criteria ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Mechanical ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Chillers.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF/VRV) AC Systems ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Ventilation.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Motors & Drives ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Boiler Plant ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Heating Systems ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Hot Water Services ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Cold Water Services ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Building Management Systems & Room Energy Management Systems ............................................................................................................................... 30
Pipe Insulation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Electrical ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Lighting ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
5.
Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Technologies ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
6.
Utility Metering ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Meter Locations ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Meter Standards ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
Monitoring & Targeting ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
7.
Commissioning & Testing....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Overview
This Energy and Water-Efficient Design Guide has been prepared to complement Hiltons current Brand Standards, and to assist hotel
engineering staff and consulting teams in designing, refurbishing and maintaining hotels to meet the operational and sustainability objectives
of Hilton Worldwide in the EMEA region. One key objective is to operate the hotels in an environmentally-responsible manner and to minimise
energy and water wastage whilst maintaining comfort conditions for our guests. These guidelines are the syntheses of current Global best
practice and our worldwide experience in operating hotels over many years.
This guide sets out energy guidelines for public, guestroom, service and administrative areas in our hotels.

1.
Design Philosophy
An energy efficient building provides the required internal environment and services with minimum
energy use in a cost effective and environmentally sensitive manner
Overarching Principles: The Holistic Approach to Low Energy Design

Hiltons overarching guidance to design teams is that all new build and major refurbishment projects should be to approach the operational resource
efficiency of the project in a holistic and integrated manner. Energy and water efficiency needs to be considered at all stages of the project, and by all
members of the design team. For example, a highly glazed building with poor orientation will suffer high heat losses in winter and high heat gains in
summer, and will always have high energy costs, no matter how efficient the heating and cooling plant installed.
We therefore require that, wherever possible, energy and water efficiency be integrated into all aspects of the design and construction of new projects, and
not regarded as something to be addressed after handover through retrofitted technologies.
Design Principles
The process of energy efficient design should always include:
1
Identifying user requirements
Designing to meet these requirements with minimal energy use
3
4
Establishing an integrated design team with a brief and contract that promotes
energy efficiency
Setting energy targets at an early stage, for each fuel and individual end-uses,
and designing within them
Designing for manageability, maintainability, operability and flexibility
Checking that the final design meets the targets and that the selected
equipment conforms with product performance benchmarks
Table 1: Energy-Efficient Design Process

Success depends on understanding the interactions between people, building fabric and services, as shown in the diagram below. This integrated design
approach requires the successful collaboration of client, project manager, architect, engineer and quantity surveyor at the early conceptual stage of the
project.
Figure1: Key factors that influence energy consumption

2.
Building Design Elements
Building Fabric
The building fabric refers to the ceiling, walls, windows, floors and doors of a building. It plays the leading role in the energy efficiency of a structure and
must be considered in the design and planning phase of a building as well as any refurbishment plans of existing buildings. Optimum design of building
fabric can minimise potential heating and cooling requirements, which may lead to the downsizing of heating and cooling systems or sometimes eliminate
the need for them at all, which in turn reduces the capital cost of a project.
The following table represents Hiltons aspirational U-Values and air permeability figures for all properties. The aspirational figure is a guideline only for
hotels to aspire towards, in all cases local building regulations should be adhered to and if cost effective to do so aim for better performance. The ASHRAE
Energy Standard for Buildings 90.1-2013 should also be referenced for guidance on building fabric design.
Element
External Wall
Floor
Roof
Glazing
Doors
Element
Building
Typical % of total
building heat losses &
Gains*1
Hilton Aspirational U-Value

(W/m2K)*2
Typical EU building
regulation minimum UValue (W/m2K)*3
25%
10%
10-40%
25%
5%
0.15
0.15
0.1
1.2
1.2
0.26
0.22
0.18
1.6
1.6
Typical % of total buildings heat loss

25% (ventilation & infiltration)
Reduction in heat loss/gains from the

building, expected when selecting
Hilton Aspirational over a typical local
building regulations*4
11%
3%
18%
6%
1%
Hilton Aspirational Maximum Air Permeability rate (m3/hr)

5
Table 2: Hilton Building Fabric Targets

*1 These % figures represent proportionately where the heat is lost/gained through a typical building thermal element.
*2 The aspirational figure is a best practice figure for hotels to aim towards, in all cases local building regulations should be adhered to first and, if cost-effective to do so, aim for the best practice figure.
*3 The EU U-values are based on UK and German building regulations. These are given to show the difference between a typical local building regulation figure and the aspirational Hilton figure.
*4 These % figures illustrate the expected heat/cooling savings through each thermal element of a building, based on the difference between Aspirational and building regulations U-values.

Passive Heating & Cooling
Passive heating & cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor
thermal comfort with low or nil energy consumption. Various heating and cooling techniques are outlined in the table below with suitability criteria for
either new build hotel designs or hotel retrofits.
Passive Design
Technique
Building
Orientation
Night
Cooling/Purge
Thermal Mass
Heat Store
Solar Control
Thermal
Description
Orientation is simply what compass direction the building faces. It should be optimized
early-on in the design stage, and can be the most important step for passive design.
Orientation is measured by the azimuth angle of a surface relative to true north.
Successful orientation rotates the building to minimise heating and cooling energy
loads and maximise free energy from the sun.
Night Cooling/Purge is a passive or semi-passive cooling strategy that requires
increased air movement at night to pre-cool the structural elements of a building.
Unlike free cooling, which assists in chilling water, night cooling/purge cools down the
thermal mass. To execute this, the building envelope typically stays closed during the
day, causing excess heat gains to be stored in the building's thermal mass. At night,
when the outside air is cooler and the air is not too humid, the envelope is opened,
allowing cooler air to pass through the building so heat can be dissipated from the
structure by convective heat loss. This process reduces the temperature of the indoor
air and of the thermal mass inside the building, allowing convective, conductive, and
radiant cooling to take place during the day when the building is occupied.
Heat gain modulation of an indoor space can be achieved by the proper use of the
buildings thermal mass as a heat sink. The thermal mass will absorb and store heat
during daytime hours and return it to the space at a later time. Thermal mass can be
coupled with night ventilation if the stored heat that will be delivered to the space
during the evening/night is not desirable.
A properly designed shading system can effectively contribute to minimizing the solar
heat gains.
Insulation in the buildings envelope will decrease the amount of heat transferred by
Suitability
Building orientation should be considered
for all new build hotels in all locations.
Night cooling/purge is most effective in

climates with a large diurnal swing, or a
large difference between the daily
maximum outdoor temperature and daily
minimum outdoor temperature.
This technique is better suited to public and
back of house areas, rather than guest
rooms. The night purge can be used on top
of existing mechanical systems.
Thermal mass is most useful in locations
that have large swings of temperature from
day to night. In climates that are constantly
hot or constantly cold, the thermal mass
effect can actually be detrimental.
Effective in most climates, particularly with
buildings with large glazed facades oriented
towards the sun. (solar shading is expanded
in detail in the following section)
Effective in most climates, particularly

Insulation
Cool Roofs
radiation through the facades. This principle applies both to the opaque (walls and roof) colder areas. The building fabric section of
and transparent surfaces (windows) of the envelope.
this guide details minimum U-value
requirements of building elements.
A cool roof is one that has been designed to reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat
Effective in warmer climates with higher
than a standard roof. Cool roofs can be made of a highly reflective type of paint, a sheet levels of solar radiation.
covering, or highly reflective tiles or shingles.
Table 3: Passive Design
Solar Shading
Sunlight admitted into a building impacts on the building energy consumption in different ways in different seasons. In summer, excessive solar heat gain
results in greater energy consumption due to the increased cooling load requirement; in winter, sunlight reaching the facade can provide passive solar
heating; in all seasons of the year the sun improves daylight quality. Well-designed shading devices can significantly reduce building peak cooling load and
corresponding energy consumption and enhance daylight utilization in buildings. Shading devices can also avoid glare by reducing contrast ratios of the
buildings interior.
The most popular forms of solar shading include the use of overhangs (also known as brise soleil) and awnings, external blinds or internal blinds. Solar
shading can be integrated during the construction of almost any new building, and many existing buildings can also be retrofitted with some form of solar
shading. In some cases, a combination of shading and natural ventilation can completely stop the overheating caused by sunshine on a building.
The cost of solar shading depends on the type and complexity of the installation. Given a choice between installing air conditioning and solar shading on a
new-build, its worth noting, though, that shading will usually be cheaper.
The main solar shading systems currently available are listed in the table below, with key performance attributes and building suitability.
Best for window types

System
Clear double glazing,

no shading
Northern
Hemisphere
Southern
Hemisphere
-
% reflective total solar

transmittance
% reflective daylight
transmittance
Adjustability
Privacy
Glare
Control
Summer
Winter
Diffuse
Back of room
100%
100%
100%
100%
Overhang
South
North
55%
84%
61%
72%
Light shelf
South
North
51%
78%
52%
90%
Horizontal,
South, East
& West
Horizontal,
South, East
& West
Horizontal,
North, East
& West
Horizontal,
North, East
& West
26%
45%
32%
50%
4%
4%
3%
3%
Any
50%
49%
6%
6%
Open
Any
100%
100%
32%
50%
Shut
Any
57%
58%
3%
3%
Roller blind
Any
43%
43%
6%
6%
Reflective roller blind
Any
34%
33%
4%
4%
External
Louvre
Open
Shut
Curtains
Venetian
blind
Table 4: Solar Shading
10

Glazing Specification and Solar Films
Solar gains can be magnified by glazing, quickly making buildings uncomfortable. The correct specification of glazing or solar control window films can be an
effective and cost-efficient way to reduce solar heat gains.
When specifying glazing it is important to consider the windows energy performance as a whole, usually indicated by the U value. Hiltons Brand Standard
(2514.01) also specifies Exterior windows must be insulated and frames must be thermally broken in areas where the ASHRAE design temperature is below
32F/0C or above 82.4F/28C.
In addition, G-values should also be considered. The G-value refers to the proportion of solar heat gain transmitted through glass (or can relate to an entire
window). Generally, a higher G-value will be beneficial in cooler climates and a lower G-value in warmer climates. Typically, G-values will range between 0.2
and 0.7, with good solar control glazing having a G-value of less than 0.5.
Solar Control
Film
Thermal
Window Film
Solar Control
Glazing
LowEmissivity
Glazing
Description
Solar control film can be applied to existing windows and is
available in a range of grades, shades and colours. Solar
film will increase the reflectivity of glass reducing solar
heat gain whilst allowing natural light to pass through.
Thermal window films can be applied to the internal
surface of existing windows to reduce heat loss by
reflecting heat back into the internal space. These products
contain a special coating which reflects radiant heat.
Solar control glass is a hi-tech product developed by the
glass industry to allow sunlight to pass through a window
or faade while radiating and reflecting away a large
degree of the suns heat. The indoor space stays bright and
much cooler than if normal glass were used.
Low-emissivity glass (low-e glass) is a type of energyefficient glass designed to prevent heat escaping through
windows to the colder outdoors. Low-e glass has an
invisible coating which dramatically reduces heat transfer
and reflects interior heat back into the room.
Energy Saving
Can reject up
to 85% of solar
energy
Reduction in
heat loss by up
to 40%
Rejects up to
65% of solar
energy
Reduction in
heat loss up to
75% (compared
to standard glass)
Suitability
Solar film is a retrofit product that can be fitted to most
glazing types. Its typical application is for large glazed
areas orientated towards the sun, were the occupied
space suffers from overheating.
Thermal window films are a retrofit product suitable in
colder climates where heat retention is important. It is
recommended for windows orientated away from the
sun, where high levels of heat loss would be expected.
Solar control glass, can be used in new builds or when
refitting areas of glazing. Solar control glass should be
specified for any situation where excessive solar heat
gain is likely to be an issue, e.g. large facades, glass
walkways, atria and conservatories.
Low-e glass is suitable in colder climates where heat
retention is important. The product is recommended for
windows orientated away from the sun, where a larger
proportion of heat loss would be expected.
Table 5: Solar Films and Glazing Specification
11

When considering solar films Hilton Suppliers Connection https://suppliersconnection.hilton.com/Home.aspx should be used to identify preferred
suppliers. The table below provides guidance on good/better/best options for solar control films based on the main performance indicators.
Good
Better
Best
Total Solar Energy Rejected (TSER)
25 40%
40 60%
60% plus
G Value
0.60 0.65
0.45 0.60
Below 0.45
Table 6: Solar Films Good/Better/Best
12
3.
Energy & Water Requirements by Area
Table 7 below sets out the overarching strategy for energy and water requirements applicable to all areas of the hotel, detailed guidance by specific areas is
included later within this section in Table 8.
Lighting
Natural Light and
Daylight controls
The use of natural light
should be maximised whereever possible in preference to
artificial light in all back of
house and general public
areas. Daylight dimming
sensor controls should adjust
lighting in public areas, with
the exception of feature
lighting which remain
constant.
HVAC
General Controls
Control
Motion/occupancy
sensors should be used
wherever possible to
switch off/dim lighting
in all general public and
back of house areas
which are infrequently
used or have
intermittent occupancy.
For example, toilets,
locker rooms, staff
canteen, service areas
etc.
Area should be controlled as an individual

heating and cooling zone. Time, temperature
and humidity controlled via the BMS to
match occupancy requirements and Brand
Standard minimum temperatures. Any
mechanical ventilation to these areas should
have variable speed drives (VSDs/VFDs)
fitted to all supply and extract fans and
where possible controlled using CO2 sensors
to modulate fan speed according to
occupancy. Wet heating systems with
radiators should all be fitted with
Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs). Other
local heating/cooling terminal units such as
Fan Coil Units should also be linked to the
BMS and time and temperature controlled.
*Emergency exits and

staircases are omitted
from occupancy controls.
The Hilton D&C Standards
should be referred to for
lighting controls in
emergency exit areas.
Cold Water Services
Hot Water Services
Water saving technologies such as low

flow should be installed where
possible, examples include:
Low flow shower heads
Tap restrictors
Dual flush toilets
Sensor taps
Low flush urinals
Hot water should be stored and

circulated at 60C/140F and
controlled at delivery outlets via
thermostatic mixer valves/anti-scald
devices to achieve a maximum of
45C/113F. *Local legislations on
*Guidance on low flow devices and

appropriate flow rates can be found in
Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide and in
section 4 Technical Criteria of this
document.
temperature control may vary, please

refer to Hilton Regional Engineering Team
for local guidance.
Where possible, water saving

technologies should be used at water
outlets. This is discussed in section 4
of this document. *Guidance on low
flow devices and appropriate flow rates

can be found in Hilton Bathroom Buying
Guide and in section 4 Technical
Criteria of this document.
Table 7: Energy & Water Requirements All Areas
13

The following table sets out energy requirements for key areas in hotels (public, guestroom, service and administrative). Please note that lighting colour,
illuminance levels and HVAC temperatures are consistent with those given in the Hilton Brand Standard (2514.08 for lighting and 2514.06 for HVAC).
However, only key areas are included in the table below for the purpose of an overview of requirements. For a full reference please refer to the relevant
Hilton Brand Standard:
Lighting
Area
General
Controls
Entrance/Lobby
Coffee
Shop/Caf/Bar
Restaurant
colour
Index
(Kelvin)
3000
Lighting to be
dimmed to an
appropriate level
during daylight
according to natural
light levels and
ambience needs, in
the evening
dimmable to create
ambiance.
Shop
3000
HVAC
Illuminance
General: 100 Lux
(reducing to 50
Lux at night)
Front Desk: 200
Lux
100 Lux at table
top level
Summer
Temp
(C)
Winter
Temp
(C)
23
22
23
22
Control
Cold Water Services
Low flow taps or flow restrictors should be fitted to water

outlets not used for filling vessels (e.g. hand wash basin).
Outlets used for filling vessels should not be restricted in
order to minimise filling time and heat losses in associated
pipe distribution. *Guidance on low flow devices and appropriate
flow rates can be found in Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide and in
section 4 Technical Criteria of this document.
2700
30-50 Lux at table

top level
23
22
3000
General: 150
400 Lux
Formal events:
150 Lux (reducing
to75 Lux at night)
Exhibition events:
500 Lux
23
22
23
22
Time scheduling linked to booking

system
Function Rooms
Lighting linked to
room booking
system via BMS or
lighting control
system.
3000
Meeting Rooms
Lighting linked to
room booking
system via BMS or
lighting control
system.
Main room lighting
4000
400 Lux at table

top level
23
22
Time scheduling linked to booking

system
2700
General: 20-50
23
22
Guestrooms should be fitted with a
Guest Bedroom
Hot
Water
Services
14
Guest Bathroom
should be linked to
the Room Energy
Management
Systems and
activated by
occupancy sensors
and door contacts.
Bathroom lighting
should be linked to
the REMS and
activated by
occupancy sensors
or door contacts
Lux
Desk/reading:
150-200 Lux
3000
200-400 Lux
local programmer linked to central

BMS/REMS. Guest have ability to
adjust temperature +/-3C from the
seasonal set point. Non occupied
rooms should have a setback
temperature of 17C for heating and
28C (Europe) 25C (MEA) for cooling.
23
22
Guest bathrooms should be fitted with low

flow shower heads, flow restricted basin
taps and dual flush toilets. Bath taps should
be left unrestricted to minimise filling time
and reduce associated pipework heat losses.
Please refer to the Hilton Verified Energy ROI
Tool; Water Case Study for water saving
guidance (The Lobby: EMEA Engineering
Operations teamsite).
*Guidance on low flow devices and appropriate
flow rates can be found in Hilton Bathroom Buying
Guide and in section 4 Technical Criteria of this
document.
Corridors
3000
20-50 Lux
23
22
Public Toilets
4000
General areas: 50
Lux
Washbasin: 150
Lux
23
22
Kitchen
4000
200-500 Lux
27
20
Admin Offices
4000
300 Lux
23
22
If corridors are mechanically

ventilated the supply/extract fans
should have variable speed drives
(VSDs/VFDs) fitted to modulate fan
speed according to demand
requirement (either flow rate or
pressure)
Low water (Sealed Air) urinals, dual flush
toilets and low flow sensor taps should be
installed to minimise water consumption in
public toilets. Note that waterless urinals
are not currently recommended. Please
refer to the Hilton Verified ROI Tool; Water
Case Study for water saving guidance.
Intelligent kitchen hood extract
systems should be fitted to all kitchen
extract systems. These should
incorporate VSD/VFD technology used
to modulate the speed of the
supply/extract fans based on cooking
demands (e.g. steam/smoke intensity
in the extract hood).
Low flow taps or flow restrictors should be

fitted to water outlets not used for filling
vessels (e.g. hand wash basin). Outlets used
for filling vessels should not be restricted in
order to minimise filling time and heat losses
in associated pipe distribution.
15

General Back of
House
4000
50-200 Lux
27
20
Low flow taps or flow restrictors should be

fitted to water outlets not used for filling
vessels (e.g. hand wash basin). Team
member showers should be fitted with low
flow shower heads. *Guidance on low flow
devices and appropriate flow rates can be found in

Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide and in section 4
Technical Criteria of this document.
Health Clubs &

Spas
4000
Swimming Pool
4000
Exterior Parking
Garage Parking
400 Lux
22
20
Water saving technologies such as low

flow should be installed where possible.

document.
Controlled on
ambient lighting
levels using a Lux
sensor
Motion/occupancy
sensors should be
used to switch
off/dim lighting in
garage areas
150 Lux
minimum
28
minimum
28
Individual zone. Time, temperature

and humidity controlled via BMS. The
pool hall air temperature should be
maintained 1C above the pool water
temperature to minimise evaporation.
VSDs/VFDs should be utilised on
supply and extract motors, varying
speed of fans according to
temperature and humidity. During
non-occupancy if a pool cover is in use
the temperature should be set back to
maximum 24C.
5000
Parking bay: 10
Lux
Entrance: 100 Lux
N/A
N/A
N/A
5000
50 Lux
N/A
N/A
N/A
Swimming pool water temperature

minimum 28.3C. Pool circulation pumps to
be VSD/VFD controlled achieving minimum
turnover rate of 1 in every 3 hours. During
non-occupancy or use of pool cover the pool
circulation rate should be reduced to
minimum practicable.
Changing areas should be fitted with low
flow shower heads, sensor taps, dual flush
toilets and low flush urinals. Please refer to
the Hilton Verified ROI Tool; Water Case
Study for water saving guidance.

document.
Table 8: Energy and Water Requirements by Hotel Area
16
4.
Technical Criteria
The following section refers to basic energy standards that should be achieved by all newly installed and refurbished plant, machinery, equipment and
lighting.
17

Mechanical
Chillers
General
Controls
Metering
Legislation
When planning the installation of new central chiller plant, consideration needs to be given to:
Free cooling must be utilised in preference to mechanical cooling.
Opportunities for use of absorption cooling in conjunction with waste heat derived from CHP.
Chiller plant sizing should be selected to provide maximum efficiency across the whole of the cooling season, using multiple chiller
installations where necessary.
Heat recovery (from hot refrigerant gas post compressor) should be considered for larger chiller installations where there is a suitable hot
water demand nearby.
Energy efficiency options such as free cooling, electronic expansion valves, liquid pressure amplification, adiabatic cooling, high efficiency
motors, variable speed compressors, condenser fans and circulation pumps should be specified for all new plant at the design stage, where
this will have a beneficial effect on the total life cycle cost of the installation.
The use of plant with good coefficient of performance (CoP, also known as Energy Efficiency Ratio or EER) is advocated in all cases. Careful
attention should be paid to system design, specification and control to maximise part-load efficiency throughout the year, known as Seasonal
Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER).
In certain circumstances, cooling towers may provide the most efficient means of removing condenser heat. In these cases, energy efficiency
options such as high efficiency motors and variable speed fans and pumps should be specified. Please refer to Hilton Regional Engineering
Support for most appropriate selection of air or water cooled chiller plant.
All chiller control panels are to be connected to the hotel's BMS to allow parameter changes to be undertaken remotely.
The chilled water temperature is to be automatically adjusted in accordance to the outside air temperature, and an outside air temperature
(OAT) hold off control be used to avoid cross over of heating and cooling. Chiller sequence controls should be incorporated in all multiple
chiller installations to allow for efficient load matching.
Electricity sub-meters should be installed to each chiller. Heat meters should be fitted to the common CHW flow. See Utility Metering for
further guidance.
When selecting plant, consideration should be given to selection of refrigerants with low or no ozone depleting and/or global warming
potential, in accordance with the international agreement The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Examples of
low ozone depletion/global warming gases with good efficiency characteristics include: hydrocarbons, ammonia, CO2.
18
Other
Purchasing
When selecting small-scale commercial refrigeration plant, e.g. for kitchen cold stores, remote condensers should be specified, so as to
discharge the heat outside of the building envelope. In addition, all l small scale commercial refrigeration plant shall be specified with the
above criteria in mind, i.e. good CoP, low/no ozone depletion/global warming potential, etc.
The use of split-system cassette cooling should be avoided where possible, except in special cases (e.g. remote buildings) where the costs
of installing chilled water distribution pipework from central plant would be prohibitive, or to allow provision of comfort or other cooling to
specific areas with special needs (e.g. kitchens, IT or Comms centres), in order to allow central plant to be shut down out of the cooling
season.
All chilled water pipework, vessels, heat exchangers, valves, flanges and other connections should be insulated. Refer to Pipe Insulation
section for product information and standards.
Eurovent Certification certifies the performance ratings of air-conditioning and refrigeration products according to European and
international standards. Eurovent should be used as a selection tool for purchasing energy efficient new equipment http://www.euroventcertification.com/
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings should be used as a reference guide when
purchasing new equipment.
Good
Better
Best
Chiller plant with a minimum CoP/energy

efficiency ratio of 4. Controlled via a central
BMS to allow parameter changes, such as time
schedules and temperature set points as well
as chiller sequence controls, automatic chiller
isolation valves, weather compensated CHW
flow temperature and an OAT hold-off control.

efficiency ratio of 5.5. Controlled via central
BMS as in "Good plus additional control
features for example: free cooling, electronic
expansion valves, liquid pressure amplification,
adiabatic cooling, high efficiency motors,
variable speed compressors and condenser
fans and variable speed drives on CHW
circulation pumps.

efficiency ratio of 7. Controlled via central BMS
as in "Better plus additional option to include
absorption cooling in conjunction with waste
heat derived from CHP.
19
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF/VRV) AC Systems
General
Controls
When planning the installation of new VRF/VRV AC Systems, consideration needs to be given to:
Free cooling must be utilised in preference to mechanical cooling wherever practicable.
The use of plant with good coefficient of performance (CoP, also known as Energy Efficiency Ratio or EER) is advocated in all cases.
Where VRF/VRV systems have piped refrigerant running through occupied spaces leak detection systems must be incorporated into the
design in accordance with European Standard EN378 - Refrigerating Systems & Heat Pumps - Safety & Environmental Requirements, and/or
ANSI/ASHRAE standard 15-2007, Safety Standards for Refrigeration Systems, and ANSI/ASHRAE standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety
Classification of Refrigerants. (In all cases please refer to the Hilton Brand Standard section 2514.06 Refrigeration system Safety).
Hybrid VRF systems should also be considered as part of compliance with leak detection standards.
The VRF/VRV system should be controlled by a central control panel and be linked to the hotel's BMS (if available) for monitoring.
Time schedules and temperature set points should be set to match occupancy and the Brand standard for each zone served by the VRF/VRV
system.
Electricity sub-meters should be installed when possible to measure the energy used by the compressor/condenser set of each VRF/VRV
system. The following table gives good, better, best scenarios for metering.
Metering
Good
Metering of AC at a building level
Legislation
Purchasing
Better
Metering of individual AC systems
Best
Metering by individual areas/zones
When selecting plant, consideration should be given to selection of refrigerants with low or no ozone depleting and/or global warming
potential, in accordance with the international agreement The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Examples of
low ozone depletion/global warming gases with good efficiency characteristics include: hydrocarbons, ammonia, CO2.
20
Ventilation
General
Controls
Metering
When planning the refurbishment or installation of new ventilation systems, consideration needs to be given to:
Direct drive motors with variable speed drives where possible should be specified for all supply and extract fans.
High efficiency motors should be specified on all air handling units and ventilation supply and extract systems.
The use of heat recovery systems should be considered when specifying new air handling plant.
All ventilation AHUs should be provided with Heating and Cooling batteries to maintain a steady indoor environment in all seasons.
All central mechanical ventilation systems should have variable speed drives (VSDs/VFDs) fitted to all supply and extract fans and ideally
linked to occupancy demand using either temperature, duct pressure or CO2 sensors to modulate fan speeds accordingly.
All AHU control panels are to be connected to the hotel's BMS to allow parameter changes, such as time schedules and temperature set
points to be undertaken remotely.
Electricity sub-meters should be installed to ventilation/air handling systems with fan motors >20 kW. See Utility Metering for further
guidance.
Good
Purchasing Ventilation system with;
High efficiency motors, fitted with VSD/VFD

Heat recovery system
Controlled via a BMS to allow parameter
changes, such as time schedules and
temperature set points.
Better
Ventilation system with;
Direct drive high efficiency motors, fitted with
VSD/VFD
Controlled via a BMS as in "Good" plus
additional control features to include; supply
and extract fans linked to occupancy demand
using either temperature, duct pressure or CO2
sensors to modulate fan speeds accordingly.
Best
Ventilation system with;
Direct drive high efficiency motors (either IE4
or DC/EC motors), fitted with VSD/VFD

Controlled via a BMS as in "Better".
21
FCUs
When installing new FCUs consideration should be given to:

4-pipe FCUs should be specified with 3-port (or bypass) valves fitted to avoid simultaneous heating/cooling.
Models with variable fan speed should be selected
DC/EC motor powered units have recently been developed which can offer significant fan energy savings over standard AC motors These
should be considered at design stage. (see motors and drives for more information)
Fan Coil Units should be linked to the BMS and time and temperature controlled. In the case of guest room FCUs these should be fitted with a
local programmer linked to the central BMS/REMS and guest have the ability to adjust temperature +/-3C from the seasonal set point. Non
occupied rooms should have a setback temperature of 17C for heating and 28C (Europe) 25C (MEA) for cooling.
All chilled and hot water pipework and control valves serving FCUs should be properly insulated, refer to Pipe insulation guide in section 4
of this guide.
22
Motors & Drives

General
Controls
Metering
Legislation
High efficiency motors should be specified where possible.

Brushless DC electric motors also known as electronically commutated motors (EC motors) is an emerging alternative technology to standard
AC motors and can offer significant energy savings in some applications (typically fans). EC motors should be considered as an option if the
energy savings can be justified in comparison to the up lift in purchasing costs.
Soft starts should be fitted on all large motors with frequent starting patterns. These help to reduce wear on the motor and connected
components, and also help to reduce the sites maximum demand.
Variable speed drives (VSDs/VFDs) should be considered for all applications with variable flow requirements, e.g. fans or pumps.
Electricity sub-meters should be installed to pump/drive motors >45 kW. See Utility Metering section for further guidance.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the worlds leading organization that prepares and publishes International Standards
for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. In March 2014 the standard IEC 60034-30-1 was published, defining four efficiency
levels for three-phase induction motors.
In North America, The National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) set motor standards. Efficiency ratings are based on the IEEE 1122004 Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators.
A comparison of NEMA and IEC energy efficiency standard levels is given in the table below;
NEMA
Standard Efficiency
High Efficiency
Premium Efficiency
Super Premium Efficiency
IEC
IE1
IE2
IE3
IE4
23
EU Directive 2005/32/EC eco-design requirements for electric motors specifies Class IE3 as mandatory in all new motor applications between
7.5kW 375kW, although IE2 can be used if equipped with a VSD.
Consideration should be given to the efficiency class of motors purchased, with IE3 being the Hilton Worldwide EMEA minimum standard for
new motors.
Purchasing
IE3 motors
Good
Better
IE3 motors fitted with Variable Speed
Drive (VSD/VFD)
Best
IE4 motors fitted with Variable Speed
Drive (VSD/VFD)
24
Boiler Plant
General
Controls
Metering
Legislation
Other
Choice of fuel for boilers and other thermal plant should be made with consideration for both low carbon emissions and low operating costs.
In the majority of case this will be natural gas. Opportunities for use of alternative, low carbon fuels or heat sources (e.g. biogas, heat pumps,
etc.) should be explored where natural gas is not available. Oil-fired boilers should be avoided unless there are no practical alternatives.
Boiler plant sizing should be selected to provide maximum efficiency across the whole of the heating season, using modular boiler
installations where necessary.
Condensing boilers are the preferred option to meet base load heating requirements in all cases. Where installed in modular boiler
installations, the condensing boiler(s) should be sequenced to act as the lead boiler at all times (unless used in conjunction with CHP plant).
All boiler/burner systems should have high turn down ratio to maximise part-load efficiency.
All Boiler control panels are to be connected to the hotel's BMS to allow parameter changes to be undertaken remotely.
Boiler sequence controls should be incorporated in all multiple boiler installations to allow for efficient load-matching.
Energy efficiency options, such as oxygen trim systems, variable speed drives on combustion air fans, anti-cycling controls, flue dampers
and/or back end valves should be specified for all new plant at the design stage, where this will have a positive effect on the life cycle costs of
the installation.
Gas/fuel sub-meters should be installed to each boiler. Heat meters should be fitted to the common heating flow. See Utility Metering
section for further guidance.
An EU Council Directive 92/42/EEC of 21 May 1992 on efficiency requirements for new hot-water boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels,
sets out minimum seasonal energy efficiency ratings for new heating boilers, and should be used as minimum design standards.
All hot water pipework, vessels, heat exchangers, valves, flanges and other connections should be insulated to appropriate standards. Refer
to Pipe Insulation section for product information and standards.
Good
Purchasing
High efficiency non condensing boiler plant

controlled via a BMS to allow parameter
changes, such as time schedules and
temperature set points. With additional
control features to include; boiler sequence
controls, automatic back end isolation valves,
flue damper valves and weather compensated
heating circuits.
Better
Condensing boiler plant controlled via a BMS
as in "Good plus additional control features
OAT hold off function, oxygen trim system,
variable speed drives on combustion air fans
and anti-cycling controls.
Best
Condensing boiler plant controlled via a BMS
as in "Better plus additional control features
variable speed drives on boiler shunt pumps
and primary heating pumps.
25
Heating Systems
General
Controls
Metering
Legislation
Other
Heat emitters and distribution systems should be designed so as to achieve low water return temperatures (55C or less) so as to promote
condensing operation of boilers. Use of systems designed to promote low return temperatures, such as underfloor heating, should be
considered.
Heating systems should incorporate zone controls where appropriate, e.g. where the heating system serves a building with differential
thermal gains, or different usage patterns.
The flow water temperature for heating circuits is to be automatically adjusted in accordance to the outside air temperature, and an outside
air temperature (OAT) hold off control be used to avoid cross over of heating and cooling.
Heat meters should be fitted to the common heating flow. See Utility Metering section for further guidance.
Heat, Cooling and hot water metering in concessions will be dependent on local transposition of Articles 9, 10 and 11 of the European Energy
Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU which covers metering and billing of individual consumption of energy.
Should boilers/distribution systems be selected to operate lower than 60C, a review of any chemical dosing requirements must be fully
undertaken to ensure compliance with local legionella legislative requirements and standards.
All radiators shall be fitted with lockable or otherwise tamperproof thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) as appropriate.
When designing heating systems, the design occupancy temperatures specified in the Hilton Brand Standards should be adhered to.
All hot water pipework, vessels, heat exchangers, valves, flanges and other connections should be insulated to appropriate standards. Refer
to Pipe Insulation section for product information and standards.
26
Hot Water Services
General
Controls
Metering
The use of plant oversizing margins should be avoided if possible when specifying domestic hot water installations. Reference should be
made to the Hilton D&C guidance on the appropriate selection of system and storage volume, according to location and application.
The use of electricity for hot water heating should be avoided, except in special cases (e.g. remote buildings) where the costs of installing gas
or other suitable fuel supplies would be prohibitive.
Direct gas-fired condensing water heaters provide are the preferred HWS option, as these provide a high efficiency and rapid recovery. They
also have the advantage of allowing large, central boiler plant to be shut down outside of the heating system.
Water saving technologies such as low flow shower heads, electronic automatic taps, push taps and tap flow restrictors, should be
considered.
To maintain guest experience, the Hilton Brand Standard (2512.04) specifies that Showerheads must incorporate a flow rate restrictor
providing a maximum flow of 2.5 GPM/9.5 LPM at minimum delivered water pressure of 30 PSI/2.1 bar. Showerheads rated at or below 2.0
GPM/7.6 LPM must comply with minimum performance standards for low flow heads similar to USEPA Water Sense listings. In all cases
showerheads must be approved by Hilton Worldwide, please refer to Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide for approved products.
As a best practice guide, optimal water flow rates to provide a satisfactory guest experience while minimising water and energy consumption
are as follows:
o Standard Shower head 9 Litres/min
o Rain fall shower head 9-12 Litres/min
o Basin Tap 5 Litres/min
Further guidance on low flow devices can be found in Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide
Before reducing flow rates, it is important to check water pressures are appropriate to deliver the same shower Experience
as demanded by the Hilton brand standards. Specialist advice should be sought from the Hilton Regional Engineering Team.
Hot water should be stored and circulated at 60C/140F and controlled at delivery outlets via thermostatic mixer valves/anti-scald devices to
achieve a maximum of 45C/113F. *Local legislations on temperature control may vary, please refer to Hilton Regional Engineering Team for local
guidance.
Thermostatic mixing valves should be used in all showers in line with the Hilton brand standard 2500.106
Water sub-meters should be fitted to the cold water supply feeding HWS as well as flow and return meters on the HWS side. See Utility
Metering section for further guidance.
27
Legislation
Other
Heat, Cooling and hot water metering in concessions will be dependent on local transposition of Articles 9, 10 and 11 of the European Energy
Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU which covers metering and billing of individual consumption of energy.
Local legislative requirements and standards for legionella protection must be adhered to.
Should boilers/distribution systems be selected to operate lower than 60C, a review of any chemical dosing requirements must be fully
undertaken to ensure compliance with local legionella legislative requirements and standards.
Solar hot water systems can be economic in some circumstances, and should be considered in combination with other methods if
appropriate.
Distribution systems shall be appropriately insulated, including all valves, flanges, etc. Refer to Pipe Insulation section for product
information and standards.
28
Cold Water Services
General
Controls
Metering
Legislation
Other
Water saving technologies such as low flow shower heads, electronic automatic taps, push taps, tap flow restrictors, automatic urinal flush
controls, low water urinals, electronic flush WCs, dual flush WCs, and low flush volume WCs should be considered.
As a best practice guide, optimal water flow rates to provide a satisfactory guest experience while minimising water and energy consumption
are as follows:
o Standard Shower head 9 Litres/min
o Rain fall shower head 9-12 Litres/min
o Basin Tap 5 Litres/min
o Toilet cistern - 6 Litre single flush, 6/3 Litre dual flush
Further guidance on low flow devices can be found in Hilton Bathroom Buying Guide
Before reducing flow rates, it is important to check water pressures are appropriate to deliver the same shower Experience
as demanded by the Hilton brand standards. Specialist advice should be sought from the Hilton Regional Engineering Team.
The use of alternative technologies such as rainwater harvesting or grey water recycling should be considered in all new build projects and
when cost effective in refurbishment projects. Further information to be sort from the Hilton Regional Engineering Team on suitability and
application.
Water storage should be at high level where possible, to allow gravity feeding and to avoid the need for excessive booster pumping.
Where booster pumps are required variable volume pumping using VSDs/VFDs should be considered where possible.
Where ambient temperature conditions allow, cold water should be stored and circulated at a maximum of 20C/68F or below. *Local
legislations on temperature control may vary, please refer to Hilton Regional Engineering Team for local guidance.
Water sub-meters should be fitted to the mains cold water supply for the building, as well as any concessions. See Utility Metering section
for further guidance.
Local legislative requirements and standards for legionella protection must be adhered to.
Distribution systems shall be appropriately insulated to avoid heat gain. Refer to Pipe Insulation section for product information and
standards.
29
Building Management Systems & Room Energy Management Systems
General
Controls
Metering
Commissioning
Building Management Systems are the preferred control solution for new and existing hotels, and should be designed and installed by
specialist contractors in order to run and maintain optimum performance of installed plant in the hotel.
Building analytics must be part of the BMS system, enabling the monitoring and reporting of building and plant level energy/utility
consumption.
If a BMS is not installed at point of major refurbishment or in new build properties full justification will be required based on a full life
cycle cost analysis.
Any installed plant must be integrated with the hotels BMS. The use of stand-alone control systems should be avoided if possible,
however, in certain circumstances (e.g. Focussed Service hotels) this may be the most pragmatic solution. Where these are installed
controls must be linked to a common alarms system. Refer to the Hilton Regional Engineering Team for appropriate controls systems
according to Hotel brand and service level.
Room Energy Management Systems should also be considered for all new builds and refurbishments. The system should cover at a
minimum heating and air conditioning and can be extended to lighting and selected room electrical appliances.
Control strategies applied to plant should include the following where appropriate:
Time scheduling
Night setback
Optimum start and stop
OAT hold off on heating/cooling plant
Plant sequence control for load matching
External weather compensation
Demand-based ventilation
Guestrooms should be fitted with a local programmer linked to the REMS. Guest have ability to adjust temperature +/-3C from set point
of 21C. Non occupied rooms should have a setback temperature of 17C for heating and 28C (Europe) 25C (MEA) for cooling.
The BMS can be used as a utility management system, all fiscal and sub meters could be linked and displayed on the BMS for ease of
monitoring. This should not conflict with other data collection methods however, and attention is drawn to the requirements laid out
under the Utility Metering and Monitoring and Targeting sections.
Provide third-party (independent of the Architecture and Construction team) commissioning for all guest area and back of house HVAC
control systems that complies with ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007 HVAC&R Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process.
30
Pipe Insulation
All Chilled, Hot and Cold water pipework, vessels, heat exchangers, valves, flanges and other connections should be insulated, listed
below are typical insulation products suitable for pipework.
Insulation Material
Mineral wool
Glass Fibre
Flexible elastomeric foams
General
Rigid foam
Polyethylene
Legislation/
Purchasing
Characteristics
Mineral wools are capable of operating at high temperatures and
exhibit good fire performance ratings when tested. Generally, requires
an additional water-vapour barrier layer on the external surface to
prevent surface condensation formation.
A high-temperature fibrous insulation material, similar to mineral wool,
where inorganic strands of glass fibre are bound together using a
binder.
Flexible, closed-cell, rubber foams, which have a high resistance to the
passage of water vapour so they do not generally require additional
water-vapour barriers.
Rigid-foam insulation can exhibit low thermal-conductivity values of
0.021 W/mK or lower, allowing greater energy-savings whilst using
reduced insulation thicknesses.
A flexible plastic foamed insulation
Suitability
Mineral wools are used on all types of pipework,
particularly industrial pipework operating at higher
temperatures.
All types of pipework
Flexible elastomeric foams are widely used on
refrigeration and air-conditioning pipework
All types of pipework, particularly commercial
/industrial pipework operating at higher
temperatures.
Widely used for domestic heating systems
Typically, an uninsulated valve will lose about the same amount of heat as 1 meter of uninsulated pipework of the same diameter, and
uninsulated flanges equivalent to around 0.5 meters of uninsulated pipe. A simple solution is to use flexible insulation covers:
o Flexible Insulation covers are a cost-effective alternative to traditional insulation and metal box cladding around valves,
flanges and heat exchangers, etc. Typically manufactured from a heat resistant fabric and insulation material (mineral wool or
ceramic fibre) they are flexible and easy to fit using Velcro fastenings and/or ties, and facilitate easy access and replacement
for maintenance operations. Flexible covers are suitable for low and high temperature plant and equipment both internally
and externally.
Insulation products should meet the requirements of EN 14314:2015 standard, with a minimum target heat loss value of 0.025 W/mK.
Guidance on insulation thickness can be referenced from ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals; 2009; Chapter 23, Insulation for
Mechanical Systems.
31
Electrical
Lighting
General
Lamps
Controls
Metering
Purchasing
Light levels employed should not be excessive, and should be appropriate to the tasks being undertaken. The design lighting levels are
specified in the Hilton Brand standards and should be adhered to.
The default lighting option for Hilton hotels is LED lamps. LEDs should be considered as the first choice for all re-lamping situations and new
build designs.
LED lamps should conform to minimum performance criteria outlined in IEC/PAS 62717 LED Performance requirements.
If LEDs are not used full written justification for the decision will be required.
The use of natural light should be maximised wherever possible in preference to artificial light in all back of house and general public areas.
Daylight dimming sensor controls should be used to adjust lighting in public areas, with the exception of feature lighting which remain
constant.
Motion/occupancy sensors should be used wherever possible to switch off/dim lighting in all general public and back of house areas which
are infrequently used or have intermittent occupancy
Where appropriate lighting should be linked to central BMS or control systems for time scheduling/switching based on existing booking
systems or room occupancy.
External lighting should be controlled on ambient lighting levels using a Lux sensor.
Metering of individual lighting circuits is not mandatory as part of the Hilton design guidance, but is considered to be best practice and
therefore should be considered as an option.
LED lamps should conform to minimum performance criteria outlined in IEC/PAS 62717 LED Performance requirements as well as be a high
quality branded product with a relevant third party quality standard mark, for example kite Mark.
32
5.
Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Technologies
The main renewable energy and Low Carbon Technologies currently available are assessed in the table below, highlighting general Pros & Cons of each
technology and Hotel suitability.
Suitability
Technology
Pros
Cons
Retrofit
Solar
Thermal
CHP
CCHP/
Trigeneration
Heat pumps
Low maintenance
Simple installation
Established
technology
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Established
technology
Reliable off grid
electricity production
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Onsite, high
efficiency production
of electricity, cooling
and heat
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Can provide cooling &
Intermittent
Supplementary
energy source
required
Capital intensive
Requires constant
heat load
Maintenance cost
Capital intensive
Requires constant
heat/cooling load
Maintenance cost
Only suitable for
New
builds
Rural
location
Urban
location
Hotels with
swimming
pool
Hotels with
no grid
natural gas
General Suitability
Hotels with large accessible
roof space and centralised
hot water generation plant.
Countries where there are
financial incentives
available.
Hotels with significant
constant heat demand i.e.
swimming pool.
available.
Hotels with significant

constant heat demand i.e.
swimming pool or constant
cooling demand.
available.
Hotels with low grade
33
Solar PV
Biomass
Wind
heating
Low maintenance
over combustion
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Low maintenance
Simple installation
Established
technology
integrated options
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Sustainable fuel
source
Cheaper fuel over Oil
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
low grade heat

Requires
electricity to run
heating systems and sites

without mains natural gas
connection.
Long ROI
Visual impact
Hotels with large accessible

roof space
available.
Small footprint
Incentives may be
available in some
regions
Wind can be
inconsistent and
unpredictable
Noise and visual
impact
Building mounted
systems to be
avoided
Requires space
Expensive fuel
Fuel delivery
Air quality
Hotels outside of
towns/cities with reduced
air quality restrictions, good
delivery access and without
mains natural gas
connection.
available.
Hotels outside of urban
areas with extensive
grounds and suitable wind
availability.
Table 9: Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Technology Options
34
6.
Utility Metering
Metering must be provided to support the effective monitoring and targeting (M&T) of hotel facilities in operation. To do this utility meters must be
provided to provide clear consumption and demand information for distinct and clearly demarcated areas and their energy systems. Energy data will only
be useful if it can (a) be understood against the operational context and (b) can be influenced through management action or technological investment.
The following is a list of the functional areas and central services within each hotel that should be metered. These are in addition to the hotels main
incoming (tariff) metering.
35
Hilton Energy & Water Efficiency Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016
Meter Locations
The following is a list of the functional areas and central services within each hotel that should be
metered. These are in addition to the hotels main incoming (tariff) metering.
Area
Meter
Electricity
Gas
Heat
Cooling
Cold Water
Hot Water
Steam
Oil
Hotel Concessions
Concession examples:
Hotel Shops
Coffee Shop
Snack Bar
Restaurants
Bar
Casino
Night Club
Health Club
Swimming Pools
Shopping Malls
General Areas
Meeting rooms
Ball room
Elevators
Guest bedrooms
Main kitchens
Laundry
External areas
Central Services
Main boilers
Steam generators
Heating
Hot water
Main chillers
AHUs > 20kWe
Table 10: Metering Requirements

*Electricity smart metering, Heat, Cooling and Hot Water metering will also be dependent on local
transposition of Articles 9, 10 and 11 of the European Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU which covers
metering and billing of individual consumption of energy.

36
Meter Standards
All meters should be specified with pulsed output and be IP addressable to facilitate wireless communication/integration with the sites BMS or M&T
software for automatic meter reading purposes. All meters must also have a means (and access) of being manually read.
Electricity meters shall comply and be installed in accordance with EN 50470 (or equivalent), indicate Kilo-Watt-hour (kWh) consumption,
Instantaneous power and demand.
Gas meters for any particular application shall give due regard for the pressure, installation arrangement, accuracy required and characteristics of the
load being considered. All in line secondary gas meters for essential supplies shall be provided with a valved bypass which will allow continuity of
supply during either meter replacement and/or meter failure. Meters installed for the direct charging of a tenants' gas supply shall not be provided
with bypass facility. All gas meters shall comply and be installed in accordance with EN 1359 (or equivalent) and have a counter register indicating cubic
metres (m3).
Water meters used for the 'charging on' of consumption to tenants in the size range 15-40 mm incl. shall be provided in accordance with ISO 4064-1
Class C (or equivalent) and shall be mechanically sealed. Water meters over 40mm diameter shall be of the helical rotary (Woltmann) type with high
capacity, low head loss characteristics. All in line secondary water meters shall be provided with valved bypass, which will allow continuity of supply
during meter replacement. All water meters shall have a counter register indicating cubic metres (m3)/litres.
Heat meters shall comply with and be installed in accordance with EN 1434 (or equivalent). Heat meters used for all high temperature (HTHW)
applications shall be of the 'vortex' type. Heat meters used for all other applications (MTHW; LTHW; CHW) shall be of the 'electromagnetic' type. In
order to achieve best possible accuracy across the full range of measurement special consideration shall be given to appropriate selection of flow unit
size (dia.) and to the length of straight pipe upstream of the device. Specialist manufacturers advice should be sought on these issues. All heat meters
shall be provided as a package of matched and compatible components including the flow meter, integrator unit/display and temperature sensors. The
flow meter shall be provided with a permanent digital display for use in the commissioning process and for client/customer reading. The
integrator/display unit shall be capable of providing a pulsed output and shall have a communications facility for transfer of data to an external
computer/monitoring system. The unit shall indicate, as a minimum, the following:
1. Accumulated heat energy (kWh/MWh)
2. Accumulated water consumption (m3)
3. Flow temperature (C)
4. Return temperature (C)

5. Peak heat power (kW/MW)
6. Instantaneous flow (m3/h)
37
Monitoring & Targeting

Monitoring and targeting is an energy management technique that can be applied in any type and size of organisation. The purpose of monitoring and
targeting (M&T) is to enable a deeper understanding of how, why and when energy is consumed; identifying underlying factors which impact upon
consumption; and setting appropriate targets that allow performance to be reviewed and improved over time. This will subsequently allow energy and
water waste to be identified and avoided or other opportunities to reduce consumption and cost.
A key purpose of monitoring and targeting (M&T) is to relate energy consumption data to driving factors such as the weather, occupancy (such as
kWh/guest night), covers, users or other measures in such a way that you get a better understanding of how energy is being used.
Once an M&T scheme has been set up, its routine operation should be neither time-consuming nor complex. An M&T scheme will provide essential tools
for routine energy management activities, such as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Detection of avoidable energy waste that might otherwise remain hidden.

Quantification of savings achieved
Identification of fruitful lines of investigation
Providing feedback for staff awareness, improving budget setting and undertaking routine benchmarking
Setting performance targets
Data collection may be manual, automated, or a mixture of the two.

1. The hotel must utilise the Hilton Worldwide sustainability measurement system LightStay to upload utility consumption information taken
from fiscal meters, as specified in the Hilton Brand Standard section 105.01.
2. In additional to uploading fiscal meter data LightStay is also to be developed as a utility management software system to allow for
detailed monitoring and targeting of usage.
38
7.
Commissioning & Testing
The commissioning phase is a critical part of the opening process and the ongoing operation of all Hotels. Well commissioned systems will ensure the plant
is running to the optimum in design parameters, defined tolerances and energy consumption.
Poorly commissioned or non-commissioned systems could result in a compromise to the safety of building occupants and maintenance personnel as well as
poor energy consumption.
To ensure the building services are commissioned and set to work correctly the following will be required:
1. A schedule of commissioning and testing that identifies a suitable timescale for commissioning and re-commissioning of all complex and noncomplex building services and control systems.
2. Ensuring the building Fabric is complete and correctly installed to specification of manufacturers.
3. The schedule of commissioning must schedule and identify the appropriate standards that all commissioning activities will be conducted in
accordance with, such as Building Codes, CIBSE, ASHRAE guidelines and / or other appropriate standards, where applicable.
4. Seasonal testing and commissioning should be conducted on all essential central services. The seasonal commissioning will allow for activities to be
undertaken over the first 12 months of the project once the building is occupied, or new equipment has been retrofitted.
a. Testing and monitoring the building under full load.
b. Monitoring and reviewing high and low occupancy
c. Feedback on performance of the systems
d. Review and re-commission systems such as; thermal comfort systems, lighting controls, kitchen ventilation, boilers, chillers and such like
over a three, six and nine-month period to ensure optimisation is achieved.
5. The BMS must be commissioned and in accordance with previous clauses within this document.
6. Thermal imaging for Electrical panels will be conducted to ensure they are in sound condition.
To monitor these activities an appropriate team member(s) must be appointed to monitor, programme and report on behalf of the client the precommissioning, commissioning, testing activities and progress.
39
The principle contractor must account for the commissioning and testing programme, responsibilities, criteria and budget within their programme to
ensure a fully functional and commissioned building is available for handover.
At Handover the Contractor will issue a building user guide, the signed training schedule, demonstrating that training has occurred and explanation to the
operators on the functionality of the equipment, and a schedule of all plant and building warranties to the operator.
The contractor shall provide aftercare in a manner that has weekly contact, during the first month, with the Hotel to resolve any operational issues, support
the design intent and operation of the systems. After this duration there must be a support mechanism for the Hotel to reach specialists and support with a
designated point of contact in the first 12 months.
40

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ENERGY AND WATER-EFFICIENT DESIGN:

A COMPANION GUIDE TO HILTON EMEA

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

FINAL; Version 1.0

17th June 2016

26th July 2016

29th July 2016

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

Design Philosophy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Building Design Elements ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Energy & Water Requirements by Area ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Technical Criteria ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Technologies ................................................................................................................................................................ 33

Utility Metering ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Commissioning & Testing....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

Overarching Principles: The Holistic Approach to Low Energy Design

Identifying user requirements

Designing to meet these requirements with minimal energy use

Designing for manageability, maintainability, operability and flexibility

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

Figure1: Key factors that influence energy consumption

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Building Design Elements

Hilton Aspirational U-Value

Typical % of total buildings heat loss

Reduction in heat loss/gains from the

Hilton Aspirational Maximum Air Permeability rate (m3/hr)

Table 2: Hilton Building Fabric Targets

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

Night cooling/purge is most effective in

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Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016

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Best for window types

Clear double glazing,

% reflective total solar

Reflective roller blind

Table 4: Solar Shading

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Table 5: Solar Films and Glazing Specification

Energy & Water-Efficient Design Companion Guide EMEA 2016