Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
www.ProBuiltRailings.com
Printed in Canada
TABLE 3: PROBUILTTESTING
RESULTS
ElementlComDOf18nt SVstItm
Mode of FaHura
TOP RAIlS
57.2 mm (2114")
3888 N (8741bs.) total load applied
square retail top rail for picket infUl
at 1/3 span poIn1s
(aoss-sectional area = 433mm2 (.671 in2
budUmg @ support
bending/deformation of ral
ends at midspan connector
CORNERS
90 square external corner
1350 square extemal corner
4263 N (958Ibs.)
POSTS
63.5 mm (2 )S") square post
anchored to steel post
50.8 mm (2") square post
light wall andlored to steel frame
(42") height
1370 N (308Ibs.) horizontal load @ 1067 mm
(42") height
base plate
bottom saews pulled through
base plate
fractura
MISCELLANEOUS
top rail end clip
bottom channel end dip
handrail bracket
GLASS PANElS
6mm (0:251 tempered glass panel
914.4 mm (38j x 304.8 mm (12")
6 mm (}.25jtempered glass panel
914.4 mm (36") x 1219.2 mm (48")
6 mm (0.251 tempered glass panel
914.4 mm (36") x 1219.2 mm (48")
PICKET
15.9 mm ( 518") picket
tm
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tests conducted by InIeI1ek Testing Services Na Ltd. 1 Wamoc:k Hersey - reports available upon request.
Test procedures in general conformance with ASTM Standard Specification E 985-67 for Pennanent Metal Railing
Systems and Rails for Buildings and ASTM Standard Test Methods E 9J5.85a for PerfoITnance of Pennanent Metal
RaiUng Systems and Rails for Buildings.
Testing reviewed by Lang Structural Engineering Ine.
DesIgn load for elements as specified by CSA CAN3-S157-M83 strength Design in Aluminum for live loading is
recon 1endec:fto be the test 1oad/1.5 (ultimate load capacity/1.5) .
PROBUIL T -
7th
11
structural
~ngineering
mc.
long
Pr. Built
Do-It-Yourself
Aluminum Railings
MATERIALS.
(Probullt catalogue No. 70(0)
(NOT INTENDED AS A WATER PROOFING
POST
SIZE
TOP VIEW
OF BASE
2"
LAG SCAEW
DIAME1ER
5/1""
3/t/'
ITE~
WOOD BLOO<tlG
SPECIES
DOUQ.AS Aft
3"
SPRUCE-PtNE-FlR
3 1/~
I DOUGlAS
FIR
SPRUCE-PlNE-FlR
2 1/~
3"
TO CENTER OF
OPT10NAL ISOLA
T10N GASKET*
PERIMETER
BOARD
-t
12 1/2"
5/16"
SPRUCE-PlNE-FlR
DOUGlAS
Aft
1/~
."
3/t/'
DOUQ.AS Aft
3 1/~
SPRUCE-PINE-FlRI
."
----+
RESPONSIBIL TY OF OTHERS
3~'
SIZEHlL11
1/2"'
Hll'T1
KWIK
BOLT ID
KWIJ(
III
POST
COWPRESSI~
SlREHG'I1i
FAS1tNER
DISTANCE
'm'E
MIN.04000
CONCRETE
MIN.
EDGE
0
4000psi21/~
psi
TENSION ANDANOiOR
SHEAR lOADS
CAN BE SU8S'ITT\ITED,
EXPANSION
ANCHOR
NCHORSWITH EQUlVALan' OR BETTERALLOWABLE
."
3 3/."
TOP VIEW
OF BASE
PTlONAL
ISOLATION
MIN. EMBEDMENi'
D'EP'AII
4
'-A
<1
GASKET-
<1
.' A
'.
<1
.1
~
JUf
FIGURE 3: ACCEPTABLE
1 200'1
7nOO
structural
~ngineering
I1lang
inC.
Pr. Built
Do-lt-Yourself
Aluminum Railings
FRONT VIEW
AlCO FASOA
nao
a:
BRACKET
."
r
DIBEDIIDIT
SPaES
WIN
1HREAD
UNC1H
DCIIICUS FIR
DOIJCLfoS
FIR
POsT
WOOD
a.oaaNO
DOUCI.AS
:51/2'
21/2"
.'/2"
:51/2"
SIZE
WOOD IILIICKIG
2" 8CAEWSTO
SPRUCE:-PINE-f1II
SPRUCE-PINE-f1II
SPRUCE-PINE-f1R
ALLLAOS
&ET IN No.""'.2 OR BErTER
:5tr lESPRUCE-PllE-fII
:5tr
DOUCI.AS FIR
21/2"1
Me"
POSTSIZE
CONCRE1E
CCIIIPIIESS\'E STIIEMO'IH
2"
4000
(27.8 !IPa)
2 1/2"
4000
(27.8 !IPa)
CONCRETE
FA5'IENER
!!!!..........
EDGE
DISTANCE
3tr
2 1/2"
---;ji;'
3 :5/."
.-DIIIEDUMT
DEP1H
2 1/2"
.'
WITH EClUVALENTClRIlErTERAI.LOWAaE
DEPlH
MIN. EMBEDMENT
~IOIUND_uw.CAHIEIUI8T1T\IIED.
MIN. EDGE DISTANCE
11 I1
ProBuU
11
structural
~ngineering
mc.
long
Design Manual -
--------.---::::1
Built
Do-1t~!f
Rluminum
Roilings
CANADIAN
9747-199A
.. ./13
ST.
m~!!
LANQ.EY. B.~
~
~t.lINU"
11/1
SPACER
OLlOW CAVITY
DECKING MA1ERIAL
RECOMMENDED
AA
ProBuilt
structural
_Iang
!!ngineering
inC.
Design
~---B--u--:i:-l:-,-:-:::1",
Do-It~!f
AluminumRailings
4 x 2 1/2"
SCREW
T IN WOOD BACKING
PROVIDED BY OTHERS
TOP RAIL
MOUNT TO WOOD
Manual
CANADIAN
.. ./14
~i~~!~
mli1~.9~.r
1/4-fx2LONG
HIL 11 KWlK BOLT III
EXPANSION ANCHOR
TOP RAIL
END CLIP
~
4 x 2 1/2"
SCREW
ET IN WOOD BACKING
PROVIDED BY OTHERS
BOnOM RAIL
END CLIP
... ,
.. NO.1jNO.2
OR BETTER WOOD BLOCKING ANCHORAGE TO MAIN STRUCTURE
AND MAIN STRUCTURE LOAD CAPACITY RESPONSIBIL TY OF OTHERS
SO.8mm
-2
63.5mm
21
2.6
WEAKNESS IN WELDEDALUMINUM
A review of the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and elements in Table 1 indicates that tensile
strength is significantly reduced in aluminum when it is welded. This has a significant impact on the strength
capacity of aluminum guardrail components, connections and systems. At the bottom connection of posts to
base plates, the connection and post capacity is substantially less in welded configurations compared to
those using Probuilt mechanical fastening. Tests conducted by Intertek Testing Services Na Ltd.l Wamock
Hershey indicate that 38.1mm (1 %") posts with welded base plates fail at loads an average of 35% lower
than identical posts with Probuilt mechanical base plate connections. Tests conducted by Intertek Testing
Services NA Ltd.lWamock Hershey of a 2 %- aluminium post of top deck mount configuration (an actual
competitor of Probuilt's) that uses a welded base plate failed at loads an average of 30% lower than the
Probuilt 2" post. A copy of the report can be provided upon request For these reasons, welded post base
connections are generally not recommended.
2.7
DESIGNPROCEDURES
2.7.1
Top RaUDesign
Top rail design normally involves using conventional engineering design procedures in determining
and comparing section resisting moment capacities to resultant bending moments from applied
loads. Connections between posts and rails are assumed to provide no flexural restraint. The
bending moments in top rails are affected by the number and length of spans between posts in a
straight run. Computer analysis of guardrail systems most accurately determines bending moments
In top rails. The top rail moment capacity calculated using the section modulus (S) and material yield
strength (Fy) (or altematlvely from analysis of test results) must exceed the resultant bending
moment from the applied loads.
2.7.2
Post Design
Posts in railing systems behave somewhat as vertical cantilevered beams in resisting horizontal
loads applied to the top rail. Bending moments caused by horizontal loads normally control
allowable post spacing and design. The first step in post design is determining the actual horizontal
load that each post would be expected to carry. Horizontal load distribution from the top rail to each
post is affected by a number of factors including the relative stiffness of the post and top rail, the
length of each straight segment, the number of spans in the railing, and the end support conditions.
PROBun..T -7thEDmON
-JULY2009
3.0
DESIGNTABLES
The design procedures described in the previous section have been carried out for a wide range of possible
guardrail systems. The results are summarized in the tables which follow. By knowing the overall
dimensions and layout of the guardrail system under design, an acceptable configuration can be selected
using the tables.
The design tables are based upon the loading criteria for exterior balconies of individual residential units as
specified in clauses 4.1.5.15. 1) a) and 4.1.5.15. 2) to 4) of the NBC 2005. The actual load conditions for the
guardrail system under design must be identical to or less than those used in the development of the tables.
The tables should not be used for other applications where different loading conditions and configurations
exist
3.1
WIND LOADING
For glass infill guardrail systems, the structural strength requirements imposed by design wind
loading may exceed those imposed by specified guardrail design loads. For uniform lateral
specified wind pressures of not greater than 1.25 kPa (26 psf), guardrail design loads are the
governing criteria for 1067 mm (42") high guardrail system design. This wind loading is generally
associated with low-rise structures in most locations but must be verified as part of the design
process. The allowable guardrail configurations indicated in figure 4 are all capable of withstanding
this uniform lateral specified wind pressure. For wind pressure greater than 1.25 kPa (26 psf),
adjust the allowable post spacing using the following formula:
modified
post
spacing
3.2
allowable
post
spacing
1.25
x
specified wind
pressure (kPa)
GUARDRAIL HEIGHTVARIATIONS
The most common guardrail system height is 1067 mm (42") high. For guardrail heights other than
1067 mm (42"), adjust the allowable post spacings as indicated in the allowable guardrail
configurations of figure 4 using the following formula:
modified
post
spacing
allowable
post
spacing
allowable
post spacing
multiplier
(See Table on the following page for allowable post spacing multiplier)
... /17
guardrail
1.75
1.40
2.33
0.78
1.75
0.76
1.17
1.40
1.00
1.17
1.00
0.88
2.33
0.40
0.34
0.60
0.49
0.70
0.64
0.58
Allowable
post
spacing
for
glass
multiplier
allowable
post
spacing
InfIII
guardrail
multiplier
pICket
drail
3.3
3.4
1)
the end of the rebJm portion of the top rail is anchored to the building, or
2)
lang
structural
engineering
inc.
PROBUILT
9747 - 199A Street
Langley. B.C.
Canada V1M 2X7
Attention: Mr. Peter Siemens
RE:
.:
ProBuilt
POST LEGEND
2"
..
~ngineering
rnc.
Do-lt-Yourself
Alumlnum Rolllngs
POST
181
CANADIAN
2T"
POST
10
TOP S1RUC1\JRE
RAIL DID QJP
TYPE 1 -
T'1PE
1A -
-*-
18
2"
CONOITlONS -
2"
POSTS
END CONDI'IIONS
IN'IERIotEDIA1E
TYPE 2 -
TYPE
-*-
15
fi
2 -
E\9I..Y
SPACED
~
-
CONDITIONS -
PARTIAL
:jI_
9iO CONDITION
IN'IERWEDlA1E CONDITIONS -
TYPE 3 -
27"
2"
3A
TYPE 5 -
T'IPE 5 -
END CONDI1IONS
IN1ERIoIEDlA1E
il
TYPE 6 -
6 -
END CONDITIONS
2"
POSts
w/
E\9I..
WIN 2-2"
POSTS
Y SPACED
CONDITIONS -
FIXED ENDS
END CONDtTIONS
IN1tRWEDIA1E
38
4:1. COANERS
~415
2" CORNER
POST 0PI>0SnE
_/IIN
2-2"
END POSTS
2" POSTS E't94.Y
SPACED
T'I'PE
T'1PE
A_~
E\H.. Y SPACED
END CONDITIONS
1N1ERWEDIA1E CONDI'I1ONS -
TYPE
fi=====-#:=:::::::::::::TYPE
PARTIAL
END CCNDI1IQIIS
IN'ItRWOXA1E
TYPE
TYPE 4 -
FREE-STANDING
/191
structural
_~Iang
Design Uanual -
: li
-
CONDITIONS -
w/
I~OMOUNT1NG CONFIGURATIONS
PROBUll..T- 7th EDmON -JULY 2009
ProBunt
11\
it)I
U)
fJ
4'-0
,Y
8'-0'
structural
~ngineering
inC.
long
Aluminum Roilings
./20
ST.
~.~J,~~
~~~~~655
FREE-STANDING
-*-
l Il
CANADIAN
974~A
Pr. Built
Do-lt-Yourself
TYPE 1 -
NOTES:
!D':::~:
.p
~?~~~.
fJ~~~'1
fJ
2;~g:
~~~~'I
I I rl
III I
28'-0'
Design Manual -
-CONFlGURAl1ONS SHO~
(AS
SlDE/FASaA
MOUNTCONDll1OHS
BOlH
SUMSHOWN)AND
TEMPRm GlASS
(AS SHO.,.)
AND PIa<ETFOR
GUARDRAIL
SYSTEMS.
-ALlOWABLE CONFIGURAl1ONS ARE BASED UPON ANALYSIS.
CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS OF TESTS CONDUCTED BY INTERTEI<
TESl1NG SERVICES NA LTD./WARNOCI< HERSHEY.
-ALLOWABLE CONFlGURAl1ONS ARE IN CONFORMANCE WITH lHE
APPLICABLE SlRUClURAl REQUIREMENTSSPEClFlm IN THE
HAl10NAL BUILDING CODE Of CANADA 2005 SECl10N 4.1.5.15.
2"
JU(
- JULY 2009
ProBuilt
Design Manual
11~
structural
~ngineering
inC.
long
TYPE 1 -
it')
ID
fJ
4'-0TYPE 18 -
9'-0
2::g:
2~~~'1
28'-0'
./21
ST.
Aluminum Railings
FREE-STANDING
-i~
I8J
END CONDI11ONS
21-
INTERMEDIATE
2-
CONDITIONS
POST
POSTS
EACH
END
EVENLY
SPACED
NOTES:
III I Il II l
fJ
J
!O ':::;:
'::::
'g::~~
.[I
CANADIAN
9747-199A
-CONFIGURATIONS
SHOWN ACCEPTABLE
(AS
AND GLASS
SlDEj\'ASOA
MOUNT AND
CONDITIONS
BOlH
5MM SHOWN)
tEMPERED
(AS SHO~)
PICKET FOR
GUARDRAIL
SYSTEMs.
-ALLOWABlE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE BASED UPON ANALYSIS,
CALCULATIONS
AND RESULTS Of TESTS CONDUCTED BY INTERTEK
TESTING SERVICES NA LTD./WARNOCI<
HERSHEY.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE IN CONFORMANCE
WITH THE
APPUCABLE
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS SPEQFlED IN THE
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF CANADA 2005 SECTION 4.1.5.15.
EJ
D BUI.~JI
rro
structural
11~lon9
~ngineerin9
inC.
Do-It-Yourself
TYPE 2
fC
n
8'-00~
TYPE
~
2 -
B.C.
~~~~~~~5S
~.~~~::;.~
FIXED
ONE END
..
-
11'-0
5'-6-
NOTES:
-CONFIGURATIONS
SHO"
ACCEPTABLE
(AS
) AND GlASS
SlDE/FASaA
MOUNT AND
CONDIl1ONS
BOlH
$M SliO
lEMPERED
(AS SliOWN)
Pla<ET FCR
GUARDRAIL
nI
14'-0-
045['
4'-8-
-ALLOWABLE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE IN CONFORMANCE
WITH THE
APPLICABLE SlRUClURAL
REQUIREMENTS SPEClF1ED IN lHE
NATIONAL. BUILDING COOE OF CANADA 2005 SECl10N 4.1.5.15.
fC
POST LEGEND
!C
45['
~C
SYSTEMS.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE BASED UPON ANALYSIS,
CALCUlATIONS
AND RESULTS OF TESTS CONDUCTED BY IN1ERlEK
lESTlNG
SER'JICES NA LTD./WARNOCI<
HERSHEY.
SEE FIGURE
AND SECTION 2.5 ANCHORAGE
OF THE DESIGN MANUAL FOR DETAILS
REGARDING ACCEPTABLE
GUARDRAIL
MOUNTING CONFIGURATIONS
AND
MAXIMUM SER'JICE PULL-OUT
LOAD
REQUIREMENTS FOR ANCHORS.
it)
nI
../22
ST.
END CONDI11ONS
IN1ERt.tEDIAlE
rC
LANGLEY
Rlumlnum Ralll"9'
PARTIAL
CANADIAN
9747-199A
24'-0
4'-0
EJ
J2"
5/8"
QI.
II~
structural
~ngineering
mc.
long
;.,I
IIIII II
TYPE 3 -
4'-0 2S'-0
"'-SS'-O
n'PE
a ':':~:
ProBuDt Design
Manual -
~"I V Bell
U1
I,
. /23
CANADIAN
~<M:'v?
9747-1991.
C.2X7
ST.
.
PH:
FAX:~i04)
coven.
6M} 888-7655
-~-1718
-.com
NOTES:
-CONflGJRATlONS
SHOWN ACCEPTABlE
(AS
AND GlASS
SCE/F"ASOA
MOUNT AND
COtDTlONS
BO'TH
SM.,. SHOWN)
TEWPERED
(AS SHOWN)
PICKET FOR
GJARDRAlL
SYSTEt.fs.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE BASED UPON ANAlYS1S,
CAlCUlATIONS
AND RESULTS OF TESTS CONDUCTED BY INTERTEK
TESTING SERVICES NA LlD./WARNoa<
HERSHEY.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFIGURATIONS
ARE IN CONFORMANCE WllH
APPUCABlE
STRUClURAl
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIED IN 'THE
NATIONAl BUILDING CODE Of' CANADA 2005 SECTION 4.1.5.15.
EJ
'THE
POST LEGEND
\12a2]' /2
LEG
POST
,.,
PI~~a
POST SIZES
NOTE -
14
MAXIMUM
PERLClTTED
SPAN
20r ~T'TCW
POST SUPPORTS
IS TVIEEN
4'-2" CHANNEl
ProBuilt
<01.
~I
4'-0 28'-0
9'-0
lll
II~
structural
~ngineering
inC.
lang
TYPE 3 -
~riDBell'"
Ul
Do-It-Yourself
Aluminum Railings
CANADIAN
CAN
... /24
A VlW 2X7
9747-199A
ST.
LANGlEY. B.C.
FAX:
6M) 888-7655
888-1718
PH: ~~14)
WWW.DCO~tures.com
::J8I
..--I
II ~n
~24~~~1
~n2;::1
'~,:~r.I I
Design Manual -
TYPE 3B
- END CONDITIONS
" 2'
INTERMEDlA'I[
NOTES:
-CONFlGURAllONS
SH~
ACCEPTABLE FOR TOP WOUNT
(AS SHO~)
AND S1DE/I'ASCIA "OUNT CQ<jDl11ONS FOR BOlli
5"M TEMPERED GlASS (AS SHOWN) AND PICKET GUARDRAIL SYSTEMS.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFlGURAllONS
ARE BASED UPON ANAlYSIS.
CALCULA110NS
AND RESULTS Of' TESTS CONDUCTED BY INTERTEK
TESllNG
SERVICES NA LTD.jWARNOCK
HERSHEY.
-ALLOWABLE
CONFlGURAllONS
ARE IN CONFORMANCE WllH lHE
APPUCABLE
SlRUCTURAl
REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIED IN lHE
NA110NAl
BUILDING CODE OF CANADA 2005 SEC110N 4.1.5.15.
El -,
11.
~,~
TYPE 38
ProBuilt
CANADIAN
I structural
_:lan9
Design Manual -
I ~ngineerin9
Inc.
TYPE 4 -
Pr.Suilt
Do-lt-Yourself
Alumlnum Acailings
PARTIAL
9747-19904
/25
r.
~~JIt~~655
~.at~ovJ,~~
45" CORNERS _/
"N
2-2"
POSTS
ID
NOTES:
it)
~]411'
~
~
]
HA'7 -
EI~]--
ProBuilt
11\
structural
~ngineering
inC.
lang
TYPE 5 -
Design t.Aonuol -
!:.!!!!.!!./.!!.
mii1!
-#~
TYPE 5 -
-#-
END CONDITIONS
INTERWEDIATE CONDITIONS -
~J
I
../26
9747-199" ST.
g'-O
CANADIAN
-------.:---::]
FIXED ENDS
Li
Li
POSTS
POSTS
NOTES:
-CONFIGURATIONS SHOWN ACCEPTABLE FOR TOP MOUNT
CAS
SWUSHOIN~
'IDI
SlDElFASCIA
MOONT AND
CONDI1IONSFOR
BOTH
GlASS
(AS SHO")
PlacET GUARDRAIL
SYS'1D15.
-ALLOWABlL
CONFIGURATIONS ARE BASED UPON ANALYSIS.
CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS OF TESTS CONDUC1ED BY INTERm<
TES1ING SERVICES HA Lm./WARNOO<
HERSHEY.
0')
~---.:~
I I ~~J
I I
.
ID
24'-0
4'-0'
;.,
CONFIGURAT10NS
TYPE 5
ProBuilt
Design Manual
tI
mc.
II11on9
.~I
.""
stru.cturql
~n9lneenn9
Pr. Built
DoIt
.
Yoursl!lf R/umlnumRailings
CANADIAN
9747-199A
f'
Rv?~~55
FAX: ~WII\tures.com
(9~)
888-1718
.
..- ISYSTEt.I5.
I \IR
\ :SI
M TalPERED
GlASS (AS SHOWN) AND PICKET GUARDRAIL
POST
./I\.FIXED
~
IV
I,~
1<.\
OR 90"
CORNERSOF'w/
IiIN 2-Z'"
POSTS
PICKET
4'-0
CALCULATIONS
AND
RESULTS
TESTS
CONDUCTED
BV IN1ERTEK
TYPE
6 - TYPE
EN) MOUNT
CONDl11ONS
- TOP RAIL
END
STRUC1URE
ENDS
-ALLOWABL
ARE BASED UPON ANALYSIS.
it)
~sNA
SHO")
AND
SlDEft'ASaA
<nroI~S
FOR
BOTHQJPS TO CONFIGURATIONS
2"LEG
POSTS SERVICES
E\4ENLY
SPACED
APPUCABLE
NATIONAL
BUILDING
SlRUClURAL
CODE
REQUIREMENTS
OF CANADA
2005
SPECIFIED
SECTIONIN 4.1.5.15.
THE
TESTING
lm./WARNOCK
HERSHEV.
680TH
mi
I
I
I
I
IIII::
:
'~I
I
!u
28'
17'-4-0
-ALLOWABLE
CONAGURATlONS
ARE IN CONFORWANCE
-CONFIGURATIONS
SHOWN ACCEPTABL
FOR TOP MOUNTWITH THE
..
24~
\.
I I
I NOTES:
im
'"<b.
""j""
J U Cl''"'! 2009
./27