1.

DESIGN DATA
1.1 General
CODE: API 650,12th Ed, 2012
40.730
Internal Diameter
=
Height
=
16.460
HHHLL
=
15.460
15.250
Dsgn Liq Lvl. (HHLL)
=
15.000
Normal Fill Lvl. (HLL)
=
1.311
Min. Fill Level. (LLL)
=
1.128
LLLL
=
0
Design Pressure = ATM
=
= Full of Water + 0,00
0
Operating Pressure
0 KpaG = ATM
80
Design Temperature 45,000
15,55
Operating Temperatur
0,006 =
1
Roof Slope
No
Frangible Joint
122
Uniform Live Load
Insulation Load
Product Stored
Design Specific Gravity
Flash Point

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
KpaG
barg
KpaG
C =
C =
:

0 psig

176 F
60 F
10000

kg/m2
kg/m2

Condensate
0,75 at
-12,41 F

Sloped Upward
Tank Bottom
0,4775 degree =
1/120
Slope
Earthquake Design (Refer to Appendix E)
Peak Ground Acceleration
0,2608 g
III
Seismic Use Group
1,25
Importance Factor
D
Soil or Site class parameter
Wind Load
68,10 knots =
m/s
Velocity
35
114,94 ft/s
km/h
=
126

Foundation Type
Corrosion Allowance
Shell
Roof
Bottom
Structurals
Geometric Capacity =
Max. Capacity
=
Net Working Capacity =

Vapor Pressure

9,8 psig = 67,59 KpaG Pumping In Rate

Min. Design Metal Temperature

17

1.2 Materials of construction

Shell plate
Roof plate
Bottom plt.

C =

63 F

A-573-70
A-283-C
A-283-C

Pumping Out Rate

Structurals

5 of 54

Ringwall

21.446 m3 =
19.870 m3 =
17.836 m3 =

1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
134.875
124.960
112.172

mm
mm
mm
mm
bbls
bbls
bbls

232,00 m3/h =

1.021 GPM

1500 m3/h =

6.604 GPM

A 36

2. SHELL DESIGN (Par. 5.6)

Calculation of Thickness by the 1-Foot Method (Par. 5.6.3)
Minimum thickness of shell plates shall be the greater of the values computed by the following formulas:
4.9 x D x (H-0.3) x G
and
4.9 x D x (H-0.3)
td =
tt =
+ CA
Sd
St
where,
td = design shell thickness, mm
tt = hydrostatic shell thickness, mm
D = nominal tank diameter, m
40,730 m
H = design liquid level, m
15,250 m
Ht = Hydrostatic Test liquid level, m
16,460 m
G = design specific gravity of liquid to be stored
0,750
CA = corrosion allowance
1,5 mm
Shell Plate Material :
A-573-70
Fty = Minimum specified yield strength of shell course (modified for design temp.) =
205 Mpa
Design Temperature
C =
80
176 F
T=
Sd = allowable stress for the design condition, MPa
193 MPa No Need use Sd (Mod)!
St = allowable stress for the hydrostatic test condition, MPa

No.

Width
(mm)

H
(m)

Ht
(m)

#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7

2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.060

15,25
12,85
10,45
8,05
5,65
3,25
1,19

16,46
14,06
11,66
9,26
6,86
4,46
2,06

Min. Thickness (mm)

td
tt
tAPI*
13,095
11,233
9,372
7,511
5,649
3,788
2,190

15,506
13,203
10,900
8,597
6,294
3,992
1,689

208

MPa No Need use St (Mod)!

Adopted
Thick. (mm)

Status

16
14
12
9
8
8
8

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

38.571,38
33.749,96
28.928,53
21.696,40
19.285,69
19.285,69
16.553,55

34.955,31
30.133,89
25.312,47
18.080,33
15.669,62
15.669,62
13.449,76

Total Weight (kg)

178.071,20

153.271,01

8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000

Weight (kg)
New
Corroded

Yield Strength Reduction Factor ( Table M-1)

Rf =
1
Sd (Mod) =

St (Mod) =

Alowable stress for design condition, Mpa

(Rf applied)
2/3 x Fy x Rf =
137 Mpa
whichever is less
Sd (Table 5.2) =
193 Mpa
Alowable stress for hydrostatic test condition, Mpa
(Rf applied)

NA

Mpa

NA

Mpa

* Min. shell thickness including any corrosion allowance based on Par. 5.6.1.1
Nominal Tank Diameter
Nominal Plate Thickness
(mm)
(m)
<15
5
15 to <36
6
36 to 60
8
>60
10
Note 4 (Par. 5.6.1.1) : For diameter less than 15 m but greater than 3.2 m, the minimum thickness of the lowest shell
course only is increased to 6 mm
3. BOTTOM PLATES (Par. 5.4)
Min. thickness of Bottom Plates exclusive any corrosion allowance (Par. 5.4.1)
tb = tbmin + CA
tb = 6 +
1,5
Thickness Adopted =
Bottom Plate Material:
Bottom Area

7,50 mm
8,00 mm

6 mm

OK!

A-283-C

= () (((ID/2+ts1+75)/1000)/cos )^2 - Aann

= () ((20,456 ) / cos (0,01))^2 - A ann
= 1.163,039 m^2

6 of 54

Weight = (density) (tb) (Bottom Area)

= 7850 x 0,008 x 1163,039
= 73.038,82 kg
(New)
= 59.344,040 kg (Corroded)

4. ANNULAR PLATES (Par. 5.5)

USE ANNULAR PLATE :
Yes
Calculation of Product Stress & Hydrostatic Test Stress
Product Stress = (td/as-constructed t exclusive of CA) * Sd

Hydrostatic Test Stress = (tt/as-constructed t)*St

= (13,095 / 14,5) x 193

=
174,294 MPa
Maximum stress in first shell course:
Hydrostatic Test Stress

= (15,506 / 16) x 208

=
201,573 MPa
tt
= 15,506 mm
for table t 19

= 201,573 MPa
210 MPa

Table 5-1 Annular Bottom-Plate Thickness (tb)

Plate Thickness
of Shell #1 (mm)
19 < t 25
25 < t 32

Stress in first shell course (MPa)

190 210 230 250
6
7
10
11
6
9
12
14

32 < t 38
38 < t 45
t 19

8
9
6

11
13
6

14
16
7

From Table 5-1, min. thickness of annular-bottom plate exc. CA

tb = 6 mm
Use tba =

17
19
9

tb + CA =

Provide thickness:

Radial width of Annular Plate (par. 5.5.2) =

215 tb
215 x 12
=
= 757,677 mm
(HG)0.5
(15,25 x 0,75)^0.5
Where,
tb = thickness of the annular plate, mm
H = maximum design liquid level, m
G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored
Max. width required (para.5.5.2 , wind , seismic)

1.120,27 mm

Weight

Based on par. 5.1.5.9.e., Minimum Top Angle Size

Minimum Top Angle Size
L 50 x 50 x 5
L 50 x 50 x 6
L 75 x 75 x 9

40,73 m, according to table above use min. top angle :

Top Angle selected =

L 90 x 90 x 9
Properties:
- Structural Material spec.
= A 36

L 75 x 75 x 9

OK!

- Section Area, A
- Unit Weight,
- Moment of Inertia, Ix = Iy

=
=
=

2
15,5 cm
12,2 kg/m
4
116 cm

- Section Modulus, Zx = Zy

3
19 cm

Weight of Top Angle used =

7,50 mm

12,00 mm OK!

5. TOP ANGLE REQUIREMENT

ID =

12 mm
15,25 m
0,75

Provide Width of Annular Plate:

1.125 mm
OK!
Annular Plate Material:
A-283-C
= (/4) (Do+0.15)^2 - (/4) (D-2*wa)^2
Annular Plate Area
= (/4) (40,762 + 0.15)^2 - (/4) (40,73 - 2,25)^2
= 151,646 m^2

Tank Diameter
D 11 m
11 m < D 18 m
D > 18 m

6 + 1,5

1.561,08 kg

6. INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDERS (Par. 5.9.7)

The maximum height of the unstiffened shell shall be calculated as follows (Par. 5.9.7.1):

8 of 54

= (density) (tb) (Bottom Area)

= 7850 x 0,012 x 151,646
= 14.285,03 kg
(New)

H1 = 9.47 t ((t/D)^3)^0.5 x (190/V)^2

Hl = 9.47 x 6,5 x (0,16)^1.5 x (190/126,1212)^2
Hl =
8,91 m =
8.906 mm
where,
Hl = Vertical distance between the intermediate windgirder & top angle of the shell , m
t = As-built thickness, unless otherwise specified, of the thinnest shell course (mm)
D = Nominal tank diameter, m
V = Design wind velocity, km/h

6,50 mm
40,73 m
126 km/h

The Height of the transformed shell shall be calculated as follows (Par. 5.9.7.2):
Wtr =

W [(tuniform/tactual)^5]^0.5

WE = Wtr

where,
Wtr = Transposed width of each shell course, in mm
W = Actual width of each shell course, in mm
WE = Total of transposed of shell, in mm
tuniform = As-built thickness, unless otherwise specified, of the thinnest shell course (mm)

tactual = Ordered thickness of the shell course for which the transposed width is being calculated,in mm
No.
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7

W (mm)

tact (mm)

Wtr (mm)

2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.400
2.060

16,000
14,000
12,000
9,000
8,000
8,000
8,000

424,26
592,40
870,93
1.787,85
2.400,00
2.400,00
2.060,00

WE =
10.535
If summary Wtr < H1 intermediate wind girder no needed
Result:
Need Intermediate Wind Girder!

9 of 54

8 mm

7. CHECK FOR OVERTURNING STABILITY DUE TO WIND LOAD ON TANK (Par. 5.11, API 650,12th Ed, 2012)
Design wind speed
(Par.5.2.1(k), API 650,12th Ed, 2012)
Design Wind Pressure on Vertical Projected Area of cylindrical surfaces, 0.86 kPa (V/190)2,
Design Wind Pressure on Horizontal Projected Area of conical or doubly curved surfaces,
1.44 kPa (V/190)2 uplift

126

km/h

Pws

0,3789

kPa

Pwr

0,6345

kPa

Vapor Pressure

Pv

0,00

kPa

(Vapor Pressure can ignored, due to the tank is equipped with Rim Vent (Free Vent)
Design Internal Pressure
Design uplift pressure on the roof (wind plus internal pressure)

Pi
Pwr +Pi

=
=

0,0
0,6345

kPa
kPa

Wind presure on shell

PWS

378,98

N/m2

Wind Load on Shell, Ws = D x H x Pws

Ws

253.872

Wind Load on Roof, Wr = /4 x D2 x PWR

Wr

826.131

Total Horizontal wind load at Base = Wind Load on Shell

Fh

253.872

The liquid weight (WL) is a weight of a band of liquid at the shell using a specific gravity of 0.7 and a height of one-half
the design liquid height (H)
WL shall be the lesser of 140.8 H.D

87.455,46

N/m

or

Use WL =
WL = 59 tb (Fby H)^0.5

Where :
Fby =
H=
D=
tb =

34.638,03

34.638,03 N/m

N/m

205
Minimum specified yield stress of the bottom plate under the shell, Mpa
=
15,25
Design liquid height, m
=
Tank diameter, m
=
40,730
required thickness (not including CA) of the bottom plate under the shell mm that is used to resist wind overturning.
The bottom plate shall have the following restrictions :
1. The thickness, tb used to calculate wL shall not exceed the first shell course thickness less any shell CA

Mpa
m
m

(tb-CA <= ts1-CA)

Check value : 10,50 mm
<=
14,50 mm
(OK)
, so use : tb =
10,50 mm (for calculate WL)
2. When the bottom plate under the sheel is thicker due to wind overturning than the remainder of the tank bottom,
the minimum projection of the supplied thicker annular ring inside the tank wall, L, shall be the greater of
450 mm
=
0,45 m
or
Lb = 0.0291 tb (Fby / H)^0.5
1,120274 m
=
(Govern)
1,43
, however need not be more than 0.035 D ( L(inside) <= 0.035 D)
=
m
So use L (inside) =

1,12

Liquid Hold Down Load,

F L = x D x WL

FL

1. Overturning Moment
Moment about Tank Base Due to Wind Load on Shell, Mws = Ws x H/2

Mws

2.089.364,77 N.m

Moment about Tank Base due to Wind Load on Roof, Mwr = Wr x D/2

Mwr

16.824.148 N.m

4.432.181

Moments about Shell to Bottom joint

Moment about Tank Base due to Wind Load on Shell & Roof, Mw = Mws + Mwr
Mw

Moment about the shell-to-bottom joint from design internal pressure, Mpi = Pi x A x D/2

Mpi

10 of 54

18.913.513,14
=

N.m
N.m

2. Hold down Moment

Moment of liquid hold down load about tank base, MF = FL x D/2

MF

90.261.357 N.m

Moment due to Dead load, Mdl = W x D/2

Mdl

40.911.457 N.m

2.008.910

Where :
the nominal weight of the shell & attachment
- the nominal weight of the shell (Ws) =
- Any permanent shell attachments (Wacc) =

1.746.878,46
262.031,77

N
N

Unachored Tank Uplift criteria (Para. 5.11.2)

1. 0.6 Mw + Mpi
<
Mdl/1.5 + Mdlr
11.348.107,89 N.m
<

31.459.109,83

N.m

OK

2. Mw + Fp (Mpi)
<
(Mdl + Mf)/2 + Mdlr
18.913.513,14 N.m
<
69.771.212,38

N.m

OK

3. Mws + Fp (Mpi)
2.089.364,77

N.m

OK

<
Mdl/1.5 + Mdlr
N.m
<

31.459.109,83

Where ;
FP = Pressure combination factor, see R.2,

Pn
---- =
with a minimum value of 0.4
P
Where :
Pn = Normal operating pressure =
0 kPa
P = Design pressure =
0 kPa
Mpi = The moment about the shell to botton joint from design internal pressure
=

<

Pi x A x D/2 =

0,4 , so use :

0,4

0,00 N.m

Mw = The overturning moment about the shell to bottom join from horizontal plus vertical wind pressure
18.913.513 N.m
Mdl = The moment about the shell to bottom joint from the nominal weight of the shell =
Mf = The moment about the shell to bottom joint from liquid weight =

40.911.457 N.m
90.261.357 N.m

Mdlr = The moment about the shell to bottom joint from the nominal weight of the roof plate plus any
attached structure =
Wr =
209.470
Kg
Wr =
205490,07
N
= Wr * D/2 =

4.184.805,28

N.m

Mws = The overning moment abour the shell to bottom join from horizontal wind pressure =
Conclusion :
The tank is safe against overturning due to wind force & internal pressure without anchorage

11 of 54

2.089.365 N.m

8. SEISMIC DESIGN OF STORAGE TANKS (App. E, API 650,12th Ed, 2012)

Determining Spectral Acceleration Parameters
In region outside the USA, where the regulatory requirements for determining design ground motion differ from the
ASCE 7 methods prescribed in appendix E, API 650, the following methods may be utilized :
If no response spectra shape is prescribed and only the peak ground acceleration, Sp, is defined, then the following
substitutions shall apply :
S0 =
SP =
0,261 g
Spectral response acceleration parameter at short period (0.2 sec), Ss = 2.5 Sp

SS

0,652 g

Spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second,

S1

0,268 g

Restriction Par. E.4.4

The maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations for peak ground acceleration, shall be modified
by the appropriate site coefficient, Fa and Fv from Tables E-1 and E-2
Where the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine the site class, site class D shall be assumed
No soil or site class parameters were given in the local regulation,
Assuming Site Class D , and interpolating
Acceleration-based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec period) =
Fa =
Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1.0 sec period) =
Fv =

1,28
1,86

Design Spectral Response Accelerations (Par. E-4-6)

SUG :
III (Storage tank in terminal or industrial area)
, Important factor =
Q =
1,0
(ASCE 7 does not apply)
Design spectral response acceleration parameter at short period (0.2 sec), SDS = QFaSS

1,25
SDS =

0,834 g

Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second, SD1= QFvS1

SD1 =

0,500 g

Design spectral response acceleration parameter at zero second, SD0= QS0

SD0 =

0,261 g

TS = SD1/SDS

0,5993 seconds

T0 = 0.2SD1/SDS

0,1199 seconds

Impulsive design response spectrum acceleration coefficient (E.4.6.1)

= SDS (I/Rwi)
However,
Ai >=
0,007
=
0,298
>
0,007
(OK)
Where :
Assume tank is self-anchored (see par. E.5.5.1, Table E-4)
Force reduction factors for the impulsive mode using ASD method
Importance factor

0,298 g

=
=

3,50
1,25

AC

0,0374 g

0,28 s

Ai

Ai

Convective design response spectrum acceleration coefficient (E.4.6.1)

Impulsive Natural Periode (par. E.4.5.1)
Natural period of vibration for impulsive mode of behavior
Ti

Rwi

Ti

= [1/(2000)^0.5][CiH/(tu/D)^0.5][^0.5/E^0.5]

where,
Coefficient for determining impulsive period of tank system

Ci

6,05 (From fig. E-1)

Equivalent uniform thickness of tank shell

tu

8,00 mm

Mass Density of Fluid

Elastic Modulus of tank Material

=
=

As per par. EC.4.5.1 :

Ti

<

TS

12 of 54

3
750 kg/m
210.000 MPa

0,28 <

0,5993

(OK)

Convective (Sloshing) Periode (par. E.4.5.2)

The sloshing period coefficient,
KS

KS

0,616

40,730
133,629
15,250
50,033
0,37
2,67

= 0.578/SQRT(tanh(3.68H/D))

Where :
Tank diameter,

Product height,

H/D
D/H

=
=

TC

Natural period of the convective (sloshing) mode of behavior of the liquid,

TC

m
ft
m
ft

7,076 s

= 1.8 Ks D^0.5

In region outside the USA, where the regulatory requirements for determining design ground motion differ from the
ASCE 7 methods prescribed in appendix E, API 650, TL shall be taken as 4 seconds
TL

Regional-dependent transition period for longer period ground motion

Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5%-0.5% damping
Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second,
Assume tank is self-anchored (see par. E.5.5.1, Table E-4)
Force reduction coefficient for the convective mode using ASD Methods,

=
K
=
SD1 =

RWC

4s
1,5
0,500 g

2,00

Tc = 7,076 s

<= TL =

4s

Ac =

KSD1 (1/Tc) (I/Rwc)

<=

Ai =

0,298

(NOT OK)

Tc = 7,076 s

>

TL =

4s

Ac =

KSD1 (TL/Tc2) (I/Rwc)

= 0,0374 <=

Ai =

0,298

(OK)

N/A

Calculation of Equivalent Lateral Force & Lateral Force Distribution (Determine the Seismic Base Shear)
Total weight of shell & appurtenances

WS

1.799.284,81 N

Total weight of the tank contents based on the design specific gravity of the product

WP

146.190.387,07 N

Determine the Impulsive Water Parameters

Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight
For D/H =
2,67 >= 1,333

Wi

61.979.498,25 N

Total weight of fixed tank roof including framing, knuckles, and any permanent
attachments and 10% of the roof design snow load (assumed without snow),

Wr

901.205,57 N

Weight of tank bottom

WF

716.510,81 N

WC

78.993.075,33 N

Wi

= (tanh(0.866 D/H)*Wp)/(0.866 D/H)

For D/H =
Wi

2,67

<

61.979.498,25 N

1,333

= (1.0-0.218 D/H) Wp

N/A

Determine the convective Water Parameters

Effective convective (sloshing) portion of the liquid weight
WC = 0.230 D/H tanh(3.67 H/D) Wp

13 of 54

Design base shear due to the impulsive component from effective weight of
tank and contents, Vi = Ai x (Ws+Wr+Wf+Wi)

Vi

19.467.528,91 N

Design base shear due to the convective component of the effective sloshing
weight, Vc = Ac x Wc

VC

2.955.291,91 N

19.690.567,09 N

Xi

XC

0,01 m

Xr

15,29 m

Xis

N/A m

Total Design Base Shear (The seismic base shear), V =

(Vi +Vc2)0.5

Determine the Seismic Overturning Moment

Center of action for Ringwall Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.2.1)
Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the Impulsive liquid force for ringwall moment
For D/H =
Xi

>=

2,67

<

0,00 m

N/A m

1,333

= (0.5 - 0.094 D/H) H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the convective liquid force for ringwall moment
XC

1,333

= 0.375 H

For D/H =
Xi

2,67

0,00

= [1.0-(cosh(3.67 H/D) -1)/(3.67 H/D sinh(3.67 H/D)] H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the roof and roof appurtenances
centre of gravity
Center of action for Slab Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.2.2)
Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the Impulsive liquid force for slab moment
For D/H =
2,67 >= 1,333

Xis

= 0.375 [1.0 + 1.333 ((0.866 D/H)/(tanh(0.866 D/H)) - 1) ] H

For D/H =

Xis

2,67

<

1,333

= (0.500 + 0.060 D/H) H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the convective liquid force for slab moment
XCS

= [1.0 - ((cosh(3.67 H/D)-1.937) / (3.67 H/D sinh(3.67 H/D))) ] H

Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.5)

Calculation for CG of Shell
W (kg)
#
Y (m)
1 38.571,38
1,2
3,6
2 33.749,96
3 28.928,53
6
4 21.696,40
8,4
5 19.285,69
10,8
6 19.285,69
13,2
7 16.553,55 15,43

N/A m

W x Y (kg-m)
46.285,65
121.499,84
173.571,20
182.249,76
208.285,45
254.571,10
255.421,28

14 of 54

N/A m

XCS

N/A m

178.071,20

1.241.884,29
XS

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the shell's center of gravity,
Ringwall moment-Portion of the total overturning moment that acts at the base
of the tank shell perimeter,

Mrw =

6,97 m

7.837.126,27 N-m

Mrw = SQRT [(Ai (Wi Xi + Ws Xs + Wr Xr))^2 + (Ac (Wc Xc))^2]

Slab moment-Portion of the total overturning moment that acts at the base of
the tank shell perimeter,
MS

MS

AV

0,1167 g

Ni

576,51 N/mm

Y
Y/H
Y/D

=
=
=

NC

179,67 Mpa
(max)

Nh

12.776,76 lb/in.

N/A N-m

= SQRT [(Ai (Wi Xis + Ws Xs + Wr Xr))^2 + (Ac (Wc Xcs))^2]

Vertical Seismic Effect (Par. E.6.1.3)

Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient, Av = 0.14 x SDS
Dinamic Liquid Hoop Forces (Par. E.6.1.4)
Impulsive hoop membrane force in tank shell (at the base of the tank)
For D/H =
2,67 >= 1,333

Ni

= 8.48 Ai GDH [Y/H - 0.5 (Y/H)^2] tanh(0.866 D/H)

576,51

N/mm

Where :
Distance from liquid surface to analysis point, (positive down), m

Specific gravity,
For D/H =

Ni

<

1,333 and Y =

15,417 m

<

= 5.22 Ai G D^2 [Y/(0.75 D) - 0.5(Y/(0.75 D))^2]

For D/H =

Ni

2,67

2,67

= 2.6 Ai G D^2

<
=

1,333 and Y
N/A

0,75

0.75 D = 30,548 m
=

15,417 m

15,417
1,011
0,379

N/mm

N/A

>= 0.75 D = 30,548 m

N/mm

Convective hoop membrane force in tank shell (at the base of the tank)
For all proportions of D/H :

40,83 N/mm

NC = 1.85 Ac G D^2 cosh[3.68 (H-Y) / D] / cosh[3.68 H/D]

Total combined hoop stress in the shell,
When vertical acceleration need not be considered (i.e., Av = 0)

h +- s = [Nh +- SQRT(Ni^2 + Nc^2) ] / t

NA

Where :
Product hydrostatic membrane force at the base of tank, Nh = 2.6(H-1)DG
Thickness of the shell ring under consideration,

15 of 54

Mpa

(max)

2.240,33 N/mm
16,00 mm

When vertical acceleration is specified

(Av > 0)

h +- s = [Nh +- SQRT(Ni^2 + Nc^2 + (Av Nh)^2) ] / t

Hoop Stresses (Par. 6.2.4)

The maximum allowable hoop tension membrane stress is the lesser of
*) 1.333 x Sd =
257,27 Mpa
(GOVERN) >
179,67 Mpa
*) 0.9 Fy =
184,50 Mpa

179,67 Mpa

(max)

(OK)

Resistance to the design overturning (ringwall) moment at the base of the shell (Par. E.6.2.1)
1 Self-Anchored (Par. E.6.2.1.1)
Calculating Anchorage Ratio "J" and Self-Anchored Annular Plate
Force resisting uplift in annular region (The resisting force for a
wa

30.423,63 N/m

inside of the shell. This term applies for self-anchored tanks only.

ta

6,50 mm

Thickness of tank bottom less corrosion allowance

tb

6,50 mm

Minimum specified yield strength of bottom annulus,

Effective specific Gravity including vertical seismic effects = G (1-0.4Av)

Fy

Ge

205,00 MPa
0,71

Tank and roof weight acting at the base of shell,

wt

18.287,45 N/m

Wrs

wrs

self-anchored tank),
wa

0.5
= 99ta x (Fy H Ge)
= 30.423,63

<= 201.1 HDGe

89.309,51

Where :
Thickness, excluding corrosion allowance of the bottom annulus under the
shell required to provide the resisting force for self anchorage. The bottom
plate for this thickness shall extend radially at least the distance, L, from the

wt = [Ws / ( D) + wrs]
Where :
Roof load acting on the tank shell including 10% of the roof design snow
load (assumed 60% of Wr without snow),
wrs = Wrs/D
Roof load acting on the shell
Anchorage Ratio (Par. E.6.2.1.1.1),
J

= Mrw / [ D^2 (wr(1-0.4 Av) + wa -0.4 wint)]

Limit for Anchorage:

540.723,34 N
4.225,82 N/m
0,10
1,540

Where :
Calculated design uplift load due to product pressure per unit
wint = U/C
wint =
circumferential length,
U = Uplift load due to Product pressure =
[(P-0.08 th) x D^2 x 785] - W1 =
-2352350,63 N
P = Product (internal) pressure , kpa
=
0,00 kpa
th = Roof plate thickness (mm) =
8,00 mm
D = Tank diameter (m) =
40,730 m
W1 = Dead Load of shell minus any CA and any dead load other than roof
plate acting on the shell minus any CA (N) =
Wse =
1.518.902,7 N
Wse =
1.503.589 N
Wta =
15.314
N
C = Circumference of tank
=
m
127,96
Due to J =

0,10 <

1,54 , then

16 of 54

0,00 N/m

No calculated uplift under the design seismic overturning moment. The tank is self-anchored.
Modify the annular ring by thickening the annular plate to meet the stability requirements
By trial-and-error, a NA mm thick annular ring will be used.
Recalculating :
ta = Thickness, excluding CA, mm of the bottom annulus under the shell required to provide the resisting force for
seft anchorage.
= NA mm
0.5
201.1 HDGe = 89.309,51
wa = 99ta x (Fy H Ge) =
NA
>
NA
J =
Annular Ring Requirements (Par. E.6.2.1.1.2)
The thickness of the tank bottom plate provided under the shell may be greater than or equal to
the thickness of the general tank bottom plate with the following restrictions :
1. The thickness, ta, corresponding with the final wa in Equations E.6.2.1.1.1-1 and E.6.2.1.1.1-2 shall not exceed the
first shell course thickness, ts, less the shell CA
(ta <= ts1-CA)
Check :
6,50 mm <= 14,50 mm
(OK)
2. Nor shall the thickness, ta, used in Equation E.6.2.1.1.1-1 and E.6.2.1.1.1-2 exceed the actual thickness of the plate
under the shell less the CA for tank bottom.
(ta <= taact - CA)
Check :
(OK)
6,50 mm <= 10,50 mm
3. When the bottom plate under the shell is thicker than the remainder of the tank bottom, the minimum projection, L,
of the supplied thicker annular ring inside the tank wall shall be the greater of
0,45 m
or
as determined in equation (E.6.2.1.1.2-1)
L = 0.01723 ta (Fy/(H Ge))^2
However, L need not be greater than
0.035 D
Check :

0,49

So use L (seismic) =

>
0,45 m
<= 0.035 D =
0,49 m

(OK)
1,43 m

(OK)

2 Mechanically-Anchored (Par. E.6.2.1.2)

When tanks are anchored, the resisting weight of product shall not be used to reduce the calculated uplift load on
the anchors.
Calculated design uplift load on anchors per unit circumferential length,
wAB = (1.273 Mrw / D^2 - wt (1-0.4 Av))

wAB

= NA

N/m

PAB

= NA

nA

= NA

+ wint

Anchor design load,

PAB = wAB ( D / nA)
Where :
Number of equally-spaced anchors around the tank circumference
For Tank Anchorage see Anchor Calculation
Maximum Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress (Par. E.6.2.2)
1 Shell Compression in Self-Anchored Tanks (Par. E.6.2.2.1)

Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress

When there is no calculated uplift, J < 0.785

= (wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + 1.273 Mrw / D^2) x 1 / (1000 ts)

17 of 54

1,73 Mpa

1,73 Mpa

Where :
Thickness of bottom shell course less corrosion allowance

ts

14,50 mm

When there is calculated uplift, 0.785 < J < 1.54

= ((wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + wa)/(0.607 - 0.18667 (J)^2.3) - wa) x 1 / (1000 ts)

= NA
Mpa

2 Shell Compression in Mechanically-Anchored Tanks (Par. E.6.2.2.2)

Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress

= (wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + 1.273 Mrw / D^2) x 1 / (1000 ts)

= NA

= NA

Mpa

MPa

Allowable Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress (Par. E.6.2.2.3)

2

When : GHD2/t2

296,47 >=

44

Fc = 83 ts / D
=
29,55 MPa
Where :
Min thickness of 1st shell course
When : GHD2/t2
Fc =

Used Fc
Where :

296,47 <

8,00 mm

Fty

205,00 MPa

44

83 ts / (2.5 D) + 7.5 (GH)^0.5

= NA
= NA

<

(0.5 Fty =

102,5 Mpa)

MPa
MPa

Minimum specified yield strength of shell course,

Result :
Allowable longitudinal shell-membrane compression stress (Fc) =

18 of 54

29,55 MPa >

1,73 MPa

(OK)

BLEEDER VENT CALCULATION

9
9 .1

DESIGN OF AIR VENTING SYSTEM

GEOMETRIC DATA
Design Code
Inside diameter, Di
Tank height, H
Nominal Capacity
Design pressure, Pi
Flash point (FP)/Normal boiling point (NBP) (@
FP
Filling rate ( Pumping in/Flow rate to tank ), Vi
Emptying rate ( Pumping out/Flow rate from tank ), Vo

:
=
=

=
=
=
=

API STD 2000

40730
16460
17836
0,00
67
232
1.500

mm
mm
m
mbarg
C
m/hr
m/hr

OPERATING VENTING
9 .2 NORMAL VACUUM VENTING
9 .2.1 Maximum liquid movement out of a tank
Flow rate of free air, Vv1 ( = Vo/15.9 x 15.89 )

1496,23 m/hr

134.892 barrels

9 .2.2 Thermal inbreathing

Tank capacity, V
From Table 2, column 2 (Thermal Venting Capacity Req't ),
Flow rate of free air,Vv2
(@
0
ft/hr )

0 m/hr

Total vacuum flow required, Vv ( = Vv1 + Vv2 )

1.496 m/hr

=
=

0,17 m/hr
248 m/hr

From Table 2, column 3 (Thermal Venting Capacity Req't),

Flow rate of free air,Vp2
(@
0
ft/hr )

0 m/hr

Total pressure flow required, Vp ( = Vp1 + Vp2 )

248 m/hr

2,50 mbarg. ) =

1.496 m/hr

9 .3 NORMAL PRESSURE VENTING

9 .3.1 Maximum liquid movement into a tank
Rate of free air per 0.159m/hr of product import rate, m
Flow rate of free air, Vp1 ( = Vi/0.159 x m )

9 .3.2 Thermal outbreathing

OPEN VENT SIZING ( BLEEDER VENT SIZING )

9 .4

OPEN VENT SIZING CALCULATION

Maximum flow, Q ( @
Q=
where
K=
A=
g=
H=

Vacuum flow at ( @

K. A. 2. g. H

Discharge coefficient
cross sectional area of vent
acceleration due to gravity
Head as measure pressure differential
Dp
H=

0,62

21 m

Minimum require cross sectional area of vent,

Av_req =

where
Q=
g=
r=
Dp =

9 .5

Q
K. 2. g. H

Max. Air flow required

Specific weight of Air
Air density
Differential pressure

Q
K

g
2. g. Dp

=rg

=
=

0,0329 m
32.896 mm

=
=
=
=

0,4156
11,812
1,204
250

:
=

10" Sch Std

1
273
255 mm
51.071 mm

mm/s
kg/m2s2
kg/m
N/m

BLEEDER VENT SELECTED

Selected bleeder vent size

Number of vent, N
Outside diameter of the vent, do
Inside Dia. of one vent , (di@ vent pipe thickness =
9
mm )
Total cross sectional area of vents, Av_actual
Since Av_actual
>
Ar_gnv, therefore the nos. & size of vents is

=
=

satisfactory.

10. ROOF DRAIN CALCULATION

10.1. Design Data
Tank No.

TANK PREMIUM ADO

Service

Premium

Roof type
Tank diameter
Tank Height

Open Top with Single Deck External Floating Roof

(D) =
40,730 m =
134 ft
(HT) =
54 ft
16,460 m =
(HSump) =
1,97 ft
0,600 m

Depth of drain sump

Height Working Level (HLL)

( HWL ) =

15,000 m =

49 ft

Min. Fill Level. (LLL)

( HML) =

1,311 m =

4 ft

(Gwtr) =

Specific gravity of water

1,00

10.2. Structural Lay Out

600

970

400
3

10.3. Design of drain piping dimension

10.3.1 Consider Floating roof at middle elevation

7500

mm

10.3.1.1 Determination of velocity in drain piping

The flow is assumed steady, inviscid, and incompressible, so that the following Bernoulli Equation
shall be used to find velocity in drain piping.
P1 + 1/2..V12 + .Z1 = P2 + 1/2..V22 + .Z2 = P3 + 1/2..V32 + .Z3

(1)

Point 3 as the datum :

Z3 =
0m
Z2 =
7,100 m

V1 =

0 m/s

(Large tank)

P1 =

0 kg/m2

(Open tank)

Z1 =

7,700 m

P3 =

0 kg/m2

(Free jet)

1000 kg/m3

g=

2
9,81 m/s

From the continuity equation : A2.V2 = A3.V3 and because the piping diameter is constant, so that V2 = V3
0 + 0 + .Z1 = P2 + 1/2..V22 + .Z2 = 0 + 1/2..V32 + .Z3
Use of Eq. (1) between point 1 and 3 will find the pressure V3 as follows :
.Z1 = 1/2..V32 + .Z3
1/2
V3 = (2.g.(Z1-Z3))1/2 = (2 x 9.81 x (5.579 - 0))

V3 =

12,29 m/s

V2 =

12,29 m/s

10.3.1.2 Time interval to relief accumulation of water rainfall on deck plate

In the conservation of mass state that the rate at which the fluid flows into the volume must equal
the rate at which it flows out of the volume.

30 of 54

Q = A1.V1 = A2.V2
2
= 1/4.pi().d2 .V2
=
0,100 m3/s =
5,979 m3/min
Qeff = Q.fq
=
0,075 m3/s =
4,484 m3/min
Where :
d2 = drain pipe diameter =
4 in. =
0,102 m
According to API 650, para. C.3.8.1, primary roof drains shall not be smaller than NPS 3 for roofs with
a diameter less than or equal 36 m (120 ft) or smaller than NPS 4 for roofs with a diameter grater than
36 m (120 ft).
fq = reduction factor of flow rate due to transition piece & friction =
0,75
According to API 650, para. C.3.8.1, primary roof drains shall be sized and positioned to accommodate the rainfall
rates specified on the data sheet, while preventing the roof from accumulating a water level greater than design,
without allowing the roof to tilt excessively or interfere with its opeeration.
According to API 650, para. C.3.4.1, design of rainfall is 250 mm (10 in.) of rainfall in a 24-hour period over the full
horizontal tank area of deck plate.
Hence allowable rainfall rate :
Design rainfall rate =

250 mm/24 hr =

10,42 mm/hr

80,61 mm/hr

Excess of water that shall be relieved from deck plate :

70,19

mm/hr

Volume of water will be accumulated on the floating roof in 1 hour :

V = 1/4.pi().D12.hEXC = 100,386 m3

Where :
D1 = Diameter of deck plate =
hEXC= height of excess water =
Time required to discharge the rainy water (t) :
V
tRL = -----------n.Qeff
= 1343,193 s =
0,373 hr
Where :
n = number of roof drain nozzle =

42,672 m
70,19 mm

tALL=

<
1

1 hr

(OK)

pcs
1970 mm

10.3.2 Consider Floating roof at the lowest elevation

10.3.2.1 Determination of velocity in drain piping

The flow is assumed steady, inviscid, and incompressible, so that the following Bernoulli Equation
shall be used to find velocity in drain piping.
P1 + 1/2..V12 + .Z1 = P2 + 1/2..V22 + g.Z2 = P3 + 1/2..V32 + .Z3

(1)

Point 3 as the datum :

Z3 =
0m
Z2 =
1,27 m

V1 =

0 m/s

(Large tank)

P1 =

0 kg/m2

(Open tank)

Z1 =

1,57 m

P3 =

0 kg/m2

(Free jet)

1000 kg/m3

g=

2
9,81 m/s

From the continuity equation : A2.V2 = A3.V3 or because the drain piping is constant diameter, V2 = V3

31 of 54

0 + 0 + .Z1 = P2 + 1/2..V22 + .Z2 = 0 + 1/2..V32 + .Z3

.Z1 = 1/2..V32 + .Z3
1/2
V3 = (2.g.(Z1-Z3))1/2 = (2 x 9.81 x (1.2 - 0))

V3 =

5,55 m/s

V2 =

5,55 m/s

10.3.2.2 Time interval to relief the accumulation of water rainfall on deck plate
In the conservation of mass state that the rate at which the fluid flows into the volume must equal
the rate at which it flows out of the volume.
Q = A1.V1 = A2.V2
2
= 1/4.pi().d2 .V2
=
0,045 m3/s =
Qeff = Q.fq
=
0,034 m3/s =
Where :
d2 = drain pipe diameter =

2,700 m3/min
2,025 m3/min
4

in.

0,102 m

fq = reduction factor of flow rate due to transition piece & friction =

Excess of water that shall be reliefed from deck plate :

70,19

0,75
mm/hr

Volume of water will be accumulated on the floating roof in 1 hour :

V = 1/4.pi().D12.hEXC =
100,386 m3

Where :
D1 = Diameter of deck plate =
hEXC= height of excess water =
Time required to relief the rainy water (tRL) :
V
100,386
tRL = -----------=
------------n.Qeff
0,034
= 2974,636 s =
0,826 hr
Where :
n = number of roof drain nozzle =

42,672 m
70,19 mm

tALL=

<

1 hr

1 pcs

10.4. Conclusion
Number of drain line required =
1
unit
Size of double-flanged, low-type nozzles attached on tank shell =

32 of 54

in.

(OK)

11. SUMMARY WEIGHT

Shell
Bottom
Annular
Double Deck External Floating Roof + Any permanent roof attachments
Top Angle

Appurtenances
- Any permanent shell attachments : 15% x (Shell weight) =
- Any permanent Bottom attachments : 5% x (Bottom weight) =

26.711 kg
3.652 kg
-------------------------454.335 kg

TOTAL
Weight of Tank, Empty
Weight of Tank, Operation
Weight of Tank, Full of Water

kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
30.363 kg

178.071
73.039
14.285
157.017
1.561

454,335 ton
15.356,515 ton
20.323,909 ton

13 - 1