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An open cylinder does not include either top or bottom elements, and therefore h
as surface area (lateral area)
L = 2prh.
The surface area of a closed cylinder is made up the sum of all three components
: top, bottom and side. Its surface area is
A = 2pr2 + 2prh = 2pr(r + h) = pd(r + h)=L+2B,
where d is the diameter.
For a given volume, the closed cylinder with the smallest surface area has h = 2
r. Equivalently, for a given surface area, the closed cylinder with the largest
volume has h = 2r, i.e. the cylinder fits snugly in a cube (height = diameter).[
2]
Cylindric sections[edit]
Cylindric section.
Tycho Brahe Planetarium building, Copenhagen, its roof being an example of a cyl
indric section
Cylindric sections are the intersections of cylinders with planes. For a right c
ircular cylinder, there are four possibilities. A plane tangent to the cylinder
meets the cylinder in a single straight line segment. Moved while parallel to it
self, the plane either does not intersect the cylinder or intersects it in two p
arallel line segments. All other planes intersect the cylinder in an ellipse or,
when they are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, in a circle.[3]
Eccentricity e of the cylindric section and semi-major axis a of the cylindric s
ection depend on the radius of the cylinder r and the angle between the secant p
lane and cylinder axis a in the following way:
{\displaystyle e=\cos \alpha \,} e=\cos\alpha\,
{\displaystyle a={\frac {r}{\sin \alpha }}\,} a={\frac {r}{\sin \alpha }}\,
Other types of cylinders[edit]
In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as any ruled surfac
e spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A cylinder whose cross se
ction is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic cylinder, para
bolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.
An elliptic cylinder with the half-axes a and b for the surface ellipse and the
height h.
An elliptic cylinder is a quadric surface, with the following equation in Cartes
ian coordinates:
{\displaystyle \left({\frac {x}{a}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {y}{b}}\right)^{2}=1
} \left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^2+ \left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^2 = 1
This equation is for an elliptic cylinder, a generalization of the ordinary, cir
cular cylinder (a = b). Elliptic cylinders are also known as cylindroids, but th
at name is ambiguous, as it can also refer to the Plcker conoid. The volume of an
elliptic cylinder with height h is {\displaystyle V=\int _{0}^{h}A(x)dx=\int _{