Sentence

Correction
Sunday, September 18, 2016

10:14 AM

Parts of Speech
Noun

Person, place, or thing

Can serve as the subject of sentences
Can serve as the object of verbs or prepositions

Noun can be the subject of a sentence

Subjective form (matters only for pronouns)
Noun can be an object
Direct object
Action of the verb is acting on the direct object
Full verb or a verb form (infinitive, participle, gerund)
Indirect object
Recipient of direct object
Rarely encountered in the GMAT
"Chrissy bakes me a cake"
Chrissy is the subject
Bakes is the verb
Cake is the direct object
Me is the indirect object
Object of a preposition
Nouns can be in the possessive
"The table's legs are wobbly"
Table's no longer serves the role as a noun
Pronoun
Substitutes for nouns
He, she, it, they, this, that, these, those, who, etc

Verb

The action word of a sentence

 Substitutes for nouns

He, she, it, they, this, that, these, those, who, etc

Verb

The action word of a sentence

Every sentence must have at least one verb

Transitive verbs
Verbs that do some action to something
They take a direct object
To bake, to wash, to build
Intransitive verbs
Actions without an object
To laugh, to walk, to live
State of being
To be, to wane, to prosper
Other verb forms: infinitive, gerund, participle
Properties of verb: tense, number, mood, voice

Adjective

Modifies a noun; they describe nouns

Answers the question: What kind of noun?

Multiple forms
Predicate adjective
Follows forms of the verb "to be"
The sky is blue
The reason is clear
The postponement is due to rain
Adjectival phrase / clause
Group of words that play the role of an adjective
Phrase: The fool on the hill
Phrase: A man riding a white stallion into the sunset
Clause: The light that failed
Clause: A nation where they will be judged not by the color of their
skin but by the content of their character

Adverb

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

Most, but not all, are formed by [adjective] + ly
Some non-ly adverbs: quite, very, much, too, today, etc

Adverb

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

Most, but not all, are formed by [adjective] + ly
Some non-ly adverbs: quite, very, much, too, today, etc
Answers the questions: How? Why? Where? When? In what manner?

Role of adverb may be played by a group of words

Sometimes referred to as verb modifiers or clause modifiers
Adverbial phrase
Mostly prepositional phrases
All quiet on the Western Front
Unhappy in its own way
Adverbial clause
So happy that nobody spotted his mistake
Because the wind is high, the trees are swaying

Conjunction

Joining word
And, but, or, yet, etc

Preposition
Comes before a noun to place that noun in some kind of relationship
Spatial, temporal, etc
In, at, through, by, with, etc
Article
Indicates a particular noun
Definite article - the
Indefinite article - a, an