Environmental,Analysis,

Insitu'Analysis'
Sample'Collec3on'
Laboratory'Analysis'

WATER,QUALITY,
INSITU'ANALYSIS'
! Dissolved'Oxygen'(DO)'
! pH'

YSI$PRO$PLUS$

! Conduc3vity'

HYDROLAB$

! Total'Dissolved'Solid'(TDS)'
! Salinity''

HACH$pH$meter$

! Oxida3on'Reduc3on'Poten3al'(ORP)'
HORIBA$UG50$

Insitu,Analysis,
Calibra;on?$
HACH$pH$meter$

SAMPLE,COLLECTION,?BOTTLES,

PRESERVATION,OF,SAMPLES,
! In'general,'the'shorter'the'3me'that'elapses'

between'collec3on'of'a'sample'and'its'analysis,'
the'more'reliable'will'be'the'analy3cal'results.''

! Metal/'Heavy'Metal'Analysis''hydrochloric'acid'

(HCl)'or'nitric'acid'(HNO3)'for'6'months'at'4oC'

! Nutrients''sulphuric'acid'(H2SO4)'for'1'month'

4oC''

! Concentra3on'of'acid'='10%,'''''''1'mL'for'1'liter'

sample'

! Do'not'preserve'for'BOD,'NO3W,'NO2W,'alkalinity,'

acidity,'chlorophyllWa'

Water,Quality,Sampling,
! Sampling'sta3ons'for'rivers,'lakes'
! River:'point'source'and'sta3on'for'nonpoint'source,'

depending'on'requirements,'upstream,'middle'and'
downstream'

! Lakes/'reservoir:'4'sampling'points'

Van,Dorn,Water,Sampler,
Horizontal:'for'rivers''

Ver3cal:'for'lakes/'reservoir''

Ekman,Dredge:,Sediment,Sampling,

LAB,ANALYSIS,
! Analysis'of'organics,'inorganics'(metals)'and'algae'
! Equipment'that'can'be'used'are'
" 'HACH'DR5000'Spectrophotometer'
" AAS'
" GC'or'GCMS'
" Fluorometer'

TERMINOLOGY,
! An'organic$compound'is'any'member'of'a'large'

class'of':
gaseous,'liquid,'or'solid'chemical'compounds'
whose'molecules'contain'carbon'

! Inorganic$compounds'are'of'inanimate,'not'

biological,'origin.'Inorganic'compounds'lack
carbon'and'hydrogen'atoms'and'are'synthesized'
by'the'agency'of'geological'systems.'this'means'
that'inorganic'chemistry'deals'with'molecules'
lacking'carbon.'

! An'algal$bloom'is'a'rapid'increase'or'accumula3on'

in'the'popula3on'of'
algae'(typically'microscopic)'in'an'aqua3c'system.'
Algal'blooms'may'occur'in'freshwater'as'well'as'
marine'environments.'Typically,'only'one'or'a'small'
number'of'phytoplankton'species'are'involved,'and'
some'blooms'may'be'recognized'by'discolora3on'of'
the'water'resul3ng'from'the'high'density'of'
pigmented'cells.'

HACH DR 5000 SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Analysis'for'nutrients:'
" Total'nitrogen'(TN),'ammonia'

(NH3),'nitrate,'nitrite'

" Total'phosphorus'(TP),'

orthophosphate'(PO43W)'

" Can'also'be'used'for'metals'

and'many'more'parameter'

" Detec3on'limit'for'metals'is'

not'as'good'as'using'AAS'

'

ATOMIC,ABSORPTION,SPECTROSCOPY,(AAS),
! In'analy3cal'chemistry,'Atomic$absorp;on$

spectroscopy'is'a'technique'for'determining'the'
concentra3on'of'a'par3cular'metal'element'in'a'
sample.'Atomic'absorp3on'spectroscopy'can'be'
used'to'analyze'the'concentra3on'of'over'62'
dierent'metals'in'a'solu3on.'

Dr.$Maha$Daghestani$