Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Insulation Coordination
Assistant Professor Suna BOLAT KRGER
Eastern Mediterranean University
Department of Electric & Electronic Engineering
Insulation coordination
The term Insulation Co-ordination was originally introduced to
arrange the insulation levels of the several components in the
transmission system in such a manner that an insulation failure,
would be confined to the place on the system where it would
result in the least damage,
be the least expensive to repair,
and cause the least disturbance to the continuity of the
supply.
Terminology
Insulation Level: For equipment rated at less than 300 kV, it is a statement of
the Lightning impulse withstand voltage and the short duration power
frequency withstand voltage.
For equipment rated at greater than 300 kV, it is a statement of the Switching
impulse withstand voltage and the power frequency withstand voltage.
Protective Level of Protective Device: These are the highest peak voltage
value which should not be exceeded at the terminals of a protective device
when switching impulses and lightning impulses of standard shape and rate
values are applied under specific conditions.
Insulation level
Protection level
Correlation of the insulation strength of electrical
equipment with the characteristics of protective
devices such that the insulation is protected from
excessive overvoltages
Overvoltage protection
Rod and horn gaps: Flash over with overvoltage Fault current flows - Outage- Poor protection for short ,
high impulses
Overvoltage protection
Silicon carbide gapped lightning arresters:
Nonlinear resistor in series with gap - gap flashes over current and voltage limited by resistor - power arc goes
out at current zero - magnetic blow out coils.
Conclusion
Overvoltages
Switching overvoltages
U [kV]
t [s]
Overvoltages
Lightning overvoltages
U [kV]
t [s]
Lightning
An electrical discharge occurring in a big electrode seperation
with high current, high voltage
Thunder clouds
cumulonimbus
Diameter: about 10 km
Height: about 14-15 km
Thunderstorm:
15-20 kV/m
Charge formation
Lightning types
Cloud to ground
Cloud to cloud
Inside cloud
Cloud to sky
Positive downward
Negative downward
Positive upward
Negative upward
Properties of lightning
Voltage: 1 MV 1000 MV
Current: 3 kA 400 kA (in practice ave: 18 kA)
Power: P = U * I : MW (BIG!)
Energy: W = P * t : J or Ws (SMALL)
Temperature: 25000 30000 K (hotter than sun!)
Thickness: 1 10 cm
Charge: 0.1 10 C
Effects of lightning
Impulse voltage
Power = U x I
= 100 kV x 20 kA
= 2000 MW
(MegaWatt)
Energy = P x t
=2000 MW x 10 s
=200 Ws = 200 J
Impulse voltage
Impulse current
Lightning rod
(French: Paratonneire, Old synonym: Siperisaika)
Protection wire,
Protection line,
protective earth conductor
protection angle
protection zone