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Written Procedures
Written procedures are of prime importance
in quality assurance.
Oral instructions can be inadequately or
incorrectly given, and thus misunderstood
and incorrectly followed.
Clear and concise written instructions
minimize the likelihood of misinterpretation.
For instance, procedures should be specific
regarding the type and form of inspection
records, the identity of the individual who
keeps the records, and where records are
kept.
The original purchase order, which is often less than one page in length, may
generate hundreds of other working papers before the ordered material or part
is shipped.
All paperwork must be accurate, and must reach each work station on time.
In some industries, where there may be an average of two or more specification
or drawing changes per order, an effective system of material tracking that is
separate and distinct from material identification is necessary.
Many large plants have computerized order systems, the heart of which is an
"active-order file".
This computer file receives periodic inputs to update information on
specifications,
drawings,
material sizes,
shop operations,
shipping, and
routing.
In turn, this file may be accessible from various terminals in the sales office,
home office or plant, when information is needed on material location, order
status, and the like.
Calibration of Equipment
Periodic Audit
It controls quality
It saves money
Customer expect it
And competitors uses it
ISO 9001:
ISO 9001 sets out the requirements for an organization whose
business processes range all the way from design and development, to
production, installation and servicing
ISO 9002:
This is the appropriate standard for an organization which does
not carry out design and development, since it does not include the design
control requirements of ISO 9001-otherwise, its requirements are identical.
ISO 9003:
This is the appropriate standard for an organization whose
business do not include design control, process control, purchasing or
servicing, and which basically uses inspection and testing to ensure that the
final products and services meet specific requirements.
ISO 9004:
ISO 9004 provides guidance on implementing a quality
management system. ISO 9004 should not be viewed as a requirements
document, but rather a guidance document for companies wishing to move
beyond the requirements of ISO 9001.
There is no difference of quality ranking between the three standards. An
organization chooses ISO 9001, ISO 9002 or ISO 9003 according to the
business processes covered by the quality system.
ISO 9000:2000
ISO first published its quality standards in 1987, revised them in 1994, and
then republished an updated version in 2000. These new standards are
referred to as the ISO 9000:2000 Standards
ISO 9000 currently includes three quality standards: ISO 9000:2000, ISO
9001:2000, and ISO 9004:2000. ISO 9001:2000 presents requirements, while
ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9004:2000 present guidelines. All of these are
process standards not product standards.
Applications of 9000:2000:
PLAN:
While making the plan following four
steps are to be considered:
1. select and define the problem
2. analyse current situation
3. identity root causes
4. select improvement opportunity.
DO:
Implementing the process or put the
plan into operation by implementing
pilot solution.
CHECK:
Monitor and measure processes and
product against policies objectives
and requirement for the
improvement of the product and
report the results.
Act:
take actions to continually improve
process performance by holding
the gains and to ensure that
improvement is part of the job.
ISO 14000
ISO 14000 series is a family of environmental management
standards developed by the international organization for
standardization (ISO).
The ISO 14000 standards are designed to provide an
internationally recognized framework for environmental
management, measurement, evaluation and auditing. They do not
prescribe environmental performance targets, but instead provide
organizations with the tools to assess and control the environmental
impact of their activities, products or services. They address the
following subjects: