Creating Graphs For Your Data-WEEK4

Thursday,December22,201606:21:58PM1
CREATING GRAPHS FOR THE GAPMINDER DATA

The following table shows the main variables used in the analysis. It has been found missing data particularly in the variable
OILPERPERSON. Also, it shows a SECUNDARY variable created FEMEMPLOYED, aiming to analyze the relationship between female and
male over 15 years old employed within the employed population during 2007. The variable FEMEMPLOYED had 3 figures with the value
more than 1 (bold color figures on the table below), which corresponded to the countries Burundi, Rwanda and Mozambique, these values had
been set to as missing values through recoding the variable. Extending the analysis from the last work-paper posted, there have been added plot
that show visually the relationship between some QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES (dependent variables) and CATEGORICAL VARIABLES (independent
variables) in my Gapminder Code book selection.
Obs Country
1 Afghanistan
incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

.
55.7000
25.6000
0.45961
2 Albania
1915.00
51.4000
42.1000
0.81907
3 Algeria
2231.99
0.4201
50.5000
31.7000
0.62772
4 Andorra
21943.34
5 Angola
1381.00
75.7000
69.4000
0.91678
6 AntiguaandBarbuda
11894.46
7 Argentina
10749.42
0.6359
58.4000
45.9000
0.78596
8 Armenia
1326.74
40.1000
34.2000
0.85287
10 Australia
25249.99
1.9130
61.5000
54.6000
0.88780
11 Austria
26692.98
1.5488
57.1000
49.7000
0.87040
2344.90
0.3592
60.9000
56.2000
0.92282
13 Bahamas
19630.54
66.6000
60.7000
0.91141
14 Bahrain
12505.21
60.4000
30.2000
0.50000
558.06
0.0323
68.1000
53.6000
0.78708
16 Barbados
9243.59
66.9000
60.3000
0.90135
17 Belarus
2737.67
0.6878
53.4000
48.6000
0.91011
18 Belgium
24496.05
48.6000
41.7000
0.85802
19 Belize
3545.65
56.8000
38.8000
0.68310
20 Benin
377.04
71.6000
58.2000
0.81285
62682.15
22 Bhutan
1324.19
58.4000
39.9000
0.68322
23 Bolivia
1232.79
70.4000
61.6000
0.87500
9 Aruba
12 Azerbaijan
15 Bangladesh
21 Bermuda
Obs Country
24 BosniaandHerzegovina
2183.34
41.2000
34.9000
0.84709
25 Botswana
4189.44
46.0000
38.7000
0.84130
26 Brazil
4699.41
0.5997
64.5000
53.3000
0.82636
27 Brunei
17092.46
63.8000
55.5000
0.86991
2549.56
0.5604
47.3000
42.1000
0.89006
29 BurkinaFaso
276.20
81.3000
75.8000
0.93235
30 Burundi
115.31
83.2000
83.3000
1.001202
31 Cambodia
557.95
78.9000
73.4000
0.93029
32 Cameroon
713.64
59.1000
49.0000
0.82910
25575.35
3.0074
63.5000
58.9000
0.92756
1959.84
55.9000
43.6000
0.77996
36 CentralAfricanRep.
239.52
71.3000
62.9000
0.88219
37 Chad
275.88
68.9000
66.3000
0.96226
38 Chile
6334.11
0.8590
51.0000
35.5000
0.69608
39 China
2425.47
0.3195
72.8000
68.9000
0.94643
40 Colombia
3233.42
0.2376
63.2000
54.9000
0.86867
41 Comoros
336.37
68.0000
59.3000
0.87206
42 Congo,Dem.Rep.
103.78
66.2000
50.4000
0.76133
43 Congo,Rep.
1253.29
64.2000
52.3000
0.81464
44 CookIslands
5188.90
58.6000
40.1000
0.68430
591.07
59.9000
38.1000
0.63606
47 Croatia
6338.49
47.1000
39.4000
0.83652
48 Cuba
4495.05
56.0000
43.7000
0.78036
15313.86
59.1000
51.3000
0.86802
7381.31
0.8768
56.0000
47.6000
0.85000
30532.28
1.5675
63.1000
58.1000
0.92076
895.32
53 Dominica
6147.78
54 DominicanRep.
4049.17
52.7000
40.5000
0.76850
55 Ecuador
1728.02
0.7328
59.7000
45.5000
0.76214
56 Egypt
1975.55
0.4475
42.4000
18.2000
0.42925
28 Bulgaria
33 Canada
34 CapeVerde
35 CaymanIslands
45 CostaRica
46 Coted'Ivoire
49 Cyprus
50 CzechRep.
51 Denmark
52 Djibouti
Obs Country
57 ElSalvador
2557.43
58.2000
44.8000
0.76976
58 EquatorialGuinea
8654.54
61.7000
39.6000
0.64182
59 Eritrea
131.80
64.9000
51.7000
0.79661
60 Estonia
6238.54
56.5000
52.1000
0.92212
61 Ethiopia
220.89
80.7000
73.0000
0.90458
2230.68
56.4000
36.8000
0.65248
64 Finland
27110.73
1.9387
57.2000
53.4000
0.93357
65 France
22878.47
1.3283
51.2000
45.6000
0.89062
67 Gabon
4180.77
59.0000
52.6000
0.89153
68 Gambia
354.60
71.7000
65.7000
0.91632
69 Georgia
1258.76
55.6000
48.5000
0.87230
70 Germany
25306.19
1.3985
53.5000
46.8000
0.87477
358.98
65.1000
64.1000
0.98464
73 Greece
13577.88
1.6286
49.6000
37.8000
0.76210
74 Greenland
20751.89
5330.40
76 Guadeloupe
43.1000
38.3000
0.88863
77 Guam
1860.75
62.7000
44.0000
0.70175
79 Guinea
411.50
81.5000
77.6000
0.95215
80 GuineaBissau
161.32
65.9000
49.9000
0.75721
1200.65
58.9000
41.8000
0.70968
371.42
55.9000
35.4000
0.63327
1392.41
56.3000
34.2000
0.60746
35536.07
2.2827
59.0000
51.6000
0.87458
85 Hungary
5634.00
0.6711
47.3000
40.3000
0.85201
86 Iceland
33945.31
73.6000
69.6000
0.94565
786.70
0.1270
55.4000
32.3000
0.58303
88 Indonesia
1143.83
0.2485
61.5000
44.1000
0.71707
89 Iran
2161.55
1.1626
47.8000
26.9000
0.56276
62 FaeroeIslands
63 Fiji
66 FrenchPolynesia
71 Ghana
72 Gibraltar
75 Grenada
78 Guatemala
81 Guyana
82 Haiti
83 Honduras
84 HongKong,China
87 India
Obs Country
90 Iraq

736.27
37.4000
12.4000
0.33155
91 Ireland
27595.09
1.7003
59.9000
51.0000
0.85142
92 Israel
22275.75
51.3000
46.4000
0.90448
93 Italy
18982.27
1.2072
46.4000
35.8000
0.77155
3665.35
58.2000
47.5000
0.81615
95 Japan
39309.48
1.5932
57.3000
46.2000
0.80628
96 Jordan
2534.00
38.9000
13.0000
0.33419
97 Kazakhstan
2481.72
0.7800
63.7000
58.2000
0.91366
98 Kenya
468.70
73.2000
66.6000
0.90984
99 Kiribati
760.26
64.6000
56.0000
0.86687
16372.50
2.0878
58.9000
48.0000
0.81494
6.4676
65.7000
42.0000
0.63927
103 Kyrgyzstan
372.73
58.9000
48.8000
0.82852
104 Laos
554.88
78.2000
78.1000
0.99872
105 Latvia
5011.22
56.8000
50.7000
0.89261
106 Lebanon
6746.61
46.0000
22.3000
0.48478
107 Lesotho
495.73
56.3000
49.8000
0.88455
108 Liberia
155.03
66.0000
53.2000
0.80606
109 Libya
7885.47
48.6000
23.2000
0.47737
81647.10
5332.24
0.8124
53.1000
48.8000
0.91902
112 Luxembourg
52301.59
53.5000
45.9000
0.85794
113 Macao,China
33923.31
63.6000
57.5000
0.90409
2221.19
34.9000
26.8000
0.76791
115 Madagascar
242.68
83.0000
79.2000
0.95422
116 Malawi
184.14
71.8000
69.0000
0.96100
117 Malaysia
5184.71
0.8908
60.5000
43.1000
0.71240
118 Maldives
4038.86
56.9000
42.1000
0.73989
269.89
45.7000
34.4000
0.75274
11066.78
46.8000
30.1000
0.64316
2437.28
42.5000
38.2000
0.89882
94 Jamaica
100 Korea,Dem.Rep.
101 Korea,Rep.
102 Kuwait
110 Liechtenstein
111 Lithuania
114 Macedonia,FYR
119 Mali
120 Malta
121 MarshallIslands
122 Martinique
Obs Country
123 Mauritania
609.13
46.9000
45.3000
0.96588
124 Mauritius
5182.14
54.5000
36.3000
0.66606
125 Mexico
6105.28
0.7706
57.9000
39.6000
0.68394
126 Micronesia,Fed.Sts.
2146.36
595.87
44.3000
43.6000
0.98420
105147.44
772.93
52.1000
50.9000
0.97697
130 Montenegro
2222.34
131 Morocco
1844.35
46.2000
22.2000
0.48052
389.76
77.0000
82.2000
1.067532
74.7000
66.5000
0.89023
2667.25
42.0000
37.3000
0.88810
135 Nauru
136 Nepal
268.26
61.8000
54.6000
0.88350
26551.84
2.9977
61.3000
54.3000
0.88581
138 NetherlandsAntilles
53.5000
47.1000
0.88037
139 NewCaledonia
14778.16
1.5796
65.0000
58.3000
0.89692
141 Nicaragua
948.36
58.8000
36.0000
0.61224
142 Niger
180.08
60.4000
38.0000
0.62914
143 Nigeria
544.60
50.9000
36.5000
0.71709
145 Norway
39972.35
2.1912
65.0000
60.9000
0.93692
146 Oman
11191.81
50.7000
22.6000
0.44576
668.55
0.1181
51.0000
19.0000
0.37255
148 Palau
6243.57
149 Panama
5900.62
59.8000
43.4000
0.72575
744.24
70.4000
68.9000
0.97869
151 Paraguay
1621.18
73.1000
65.3000
0.89330
152 Peru
3180.43
0.2889
68.3000
59.8000
0.87555
153 Philippines
1383.40
0.1405
61.0000
46.8000
0.76721
154 Poland
6575.75
0.6871
48.7000
42.1000
0.86448
11744.83
1.1803
57.6000
50.6000
0.87847
127 Moldova
128 Monaco
129 Mongolia
132 Mozambique
133 Myanmar
134 Namibia
137 Netherlands
140 NewZealand
144 Niue
147 Pakistan
150 PapuaNewGuinea
155 Portugal
Obs Country
156 PuertoRico
15822.11
42.4000
34.6000
0.81604
157 Qatar
33931.83
4.2074
76.0000
39.6000
0.52105
158 Reunion
44.2000
37.9000
0.85747
159 Romania
2636.79
0.4235
49.5000
43.8000
0.88485
160 Russia
2923.14
1.0325
58.8000
53.8000
0.91497
338.27
79.8000
80.5000
1.008772
162 SaintKittsandNevis
9175.80
163 SaintLucia
5248.58
164 SaintVincentandtheGrenadines
4885.05
165 Samoa
1784.07
31993.20
9425.33
4.5723
51.2000
17.7000
0.34570
561.71
65.6000
56.9000
0.86738
1194.71
48.7000
41.1000
0.84394
8614.12
268.33
63.8000
63.4000
0.99373
32535.83
12.2286
62.4000
51.3000
0.82212
8445.53
0.6774
53.4000
45.3000
0.84831
12729.45
55.9000
49.4000
0.88372
1144.10
65.0000
51.3000
0.78923
66.0000
50.7000
0.76818
3745.65
0.5047
41.1000
34.3000
0.83455
15461.76
1.6169
52.5000
41.7000
0.79429
1295.74
55.1000
39.2000
0.71143
523.95
47.3000
27.9000
0.58985
183 Suriname
2668.02
44.7000
30.4000
0.68009
184 Swaziland
1810.23
50.9000
47.1000
0.92534
185 Sweden
32292.48
1.5459
60.7000
56.7000
0.93410
186 Switzerland
37662.75
1.4874
64.3000
57.0000
0.88647
1525.78
44.8000
16.7000
0.37277
2.0065
54.5000
47.1000
0.86422
161 Rwanda
166 SanMarino
167 SaoTomeandPrincipe
168 SaudiArabia
169 Senegal
170 Serbia
171 SerbiaandMontenegro
172 Seychelles
173 SierraLeone
174 Singapore
175 SlovakRepublic
176 Slovenia
177 SolomonIslands
178 Somalia
179 SouthAfrica
180 Spain
181 SriLanka
182 Sudan
187 Syria
188 Taiwan
Obs Country
189 Tajikistan
279.18
54.6000
50.1000
0.91758
190 Tanzania
456.39
78.2000
76.1000
0.97315
191 Thailand
2712.52
0.7262
72.0000
65.0000
0.90278
192 TimorLeste
369.57
67.3000
54.7000
0.81278
193 Togo
285.22
63.9000
48.4000
0.75743
194 Tonga
2025.28
10480.82
61.5000
50.5000
0.82114
196 Tunisia
3164.93
41.6000
21.4000
0.51442
197 Turkey
5348.60
0.3945
42.8000
21.9000
0.51168
198 Turkmenistan
2062.13
1.1107
58.5000
53.9000
0.92137
199 Tuvalu
1714.94
200 Uganda
377.42
83.2000
80.0000
0.96154
201 Ukraine
1036.83
0.2552
54.4000
49.4000
0.90809
202 UnitedArabEmirates
21087.39
4.3000
75.2000
37.3000
0.49601
203 UnitedKingdom
28033.49
1.1880
59.3000
53.1000
0.89545
204 UnitedStates
37491.18
2.7385
62.3000
56.0000
0.89888
9106.33
57.5000
46.0000
0.80000
952.83
0.1822
57.5000
52.6000
0.91478
207 Vanuatu
1543.96
208 Venezuela
5528.36
1.2146
59.9000
45.8000
0.76461
722.81
71.0000
67.6000
0.95211
32.0000
11.3000
0.35313
211 Yemen,Rep.
610.36
39.0000
20.3000
0.52051
212 Zambia
432.23
61.0000
53.5000
0.87705
213 Zimbabwe
320.77
66.8000
58.1000
0.86976
195 TrinidadandTobago
205 Uruguay
206 Uzbekistan
209 Vietnam
210 WestBankandGaza
TheCONTENTSProcedure
Attributesofthevariablesanalyzedfollowonthetablebelow:FEMEMPLOYEDexplainsthepercentageofwomenemployedinrelationwith
thetotalemployedinthepopulation(women+men),andFEMEMPLOYED_DIFFexplainshowmanymorewomenareemployedthanmen
inpercentage,inotherwords,therelationshipbetweenwomenandmenemployedinpercentage.
AlphabeticListofVariablesandAttributes
# Variable
Type Len Label
6 FEMEMPLOYED
Num
8 PERCENTAGEOFWOMENEMPLOYEDINTHETOTALEMPLOYEDPOPULATION,
AGE15+
Char
5 percentageemployedfemaleoverorunderemployedmale,Age15+
Char
2 quartilesofTotalEmployeesAge15+
11 FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF
9 QUARTILE_EMPLR
10 QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR Char
2 quartilesofFemaleEmployeesAge15+
7 QUARTILE_GDPPC
Char
2 quartilesofGrossDomesticProductpercapita
8 QUARTILE_OILPC
Char
2 quartilesofOilConsumptionperCapita
1 country
Char
46 COUNTRIESAROUNDTHEWORLD
5 employrate
Num
8 TOTALEMPLOYEESAGE15+(EMPLR),YEAR2007
3 femaleemployrate
Num
8 FEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+(FEMEMPLR),YEAR2007
2 incomeperperson
Num
8 GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA(GDPPC),YEAR2010
4 oilperperson
Num
8 OILCONSUMPTIONPERCAPITA(OILPC),YEAR2010
Thefollowing4tablesshowsthequartilesofINCOMEPERPERSONwith23missingvalues,OILPERPERSONwith150missingvalues,
EMPLOYRATEwith35missingvaluesandFEMALEEMPLOYRATEwith35missingvaluesaswell.Quartileshadbeenchosentoknowin
whichquartilethevariableismoregrouped.
quartilesofGrossDomesticProductpercapita
Cumulative Cumulative
QUARTILE_GDPPC Frequency Percent Frequency
Percent
Q1
47
24.74
47
24.74
Q2
48
25.26
95
50.00
Q3
48
25.26
143
75.26
Q4
47
24.74
190
100.00
FrequencyMissing=23
quartilesofOilConsumptionperCapita
QUARTILE_OILPC Frequency Percent Frequency
Percent
Q1
16
25.40
16
25.40
Q2
16
25.40
32
50.79
Q3
16
25.40
48
76.19
Q4
15
23.81
63
100.00
FrequencyMissing=150
quartilesofTotalEmployeesAge15+
QUARTILE_EMPLR Frequency Percent Frequency
Percent
Q1
43
24.16
43
24.16
Q2
46
25.84
89
50.00
Q3
44
24.72
133
74.72
Q4
45
25.28
178
100.00
FrequencyMissing=35
quartilesofFemaleEmployeesAge15+
QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR Frequency Percent Frequency
Percent
Q1
44
24.72
44
24.72
Q2
45
25.28
89
50.00
Q3
44
24.72
133
74.72
Q4
45
25.28
178
100.00
FrequencyMissing=35
Thefollowingtable,FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF,showsthatin161countriesthenumberofwomenemployedexceedmen
employedonage15+,during2007,whichrepresents92%ofthecountriesconsideredinthesampleasshowsinthetablebelow.
Although,therewere35missingvaluesintheoriginaldatatable,hadbeenset3extravaluestoasmissingvalues(totalmissing
values:35+3=38)duetotheunderstandingthatcouldnotbereasonablethefactthatmorewomenwereworkingthanthetotal
actuallypopulationin2007.Thosevaluescouldbewrongdataorduetotherecollectionofthedataindifferenttimes.
percentageemployedfemaleoverorunderemployedmale,Age15+
FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF Frequency Percent Frequency
Percent
OVER
UNDER
161
92.00
161
92.00
14
8.00
175
100.00
FrequencyMissing=38
Thefollowingplotshowsvisuallytherelationshipbetweentwovariables:OILCONSUMPTIONPERCAPITAand
GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA,in2010.Theformerisconsideredthedependentvariableandthelatest
theexplanatoryvariable.Itseemstobeapositiverelationship,whichisthefirsthypothesisatthebeginningofthe
Gapminderdataanalysis.Thus,incrementinGDPPCcausesthevariableOILPCtoincreaseaswell.Although,itisno
clearonthisplot,ithasbeenplottedasecondgraphtransformingthequantitativeexplanatoryvariable(GDPPC)ina
categoricalvariabledividedinquartiles(4groups).
ItisclearinthisplotthepositiverelationshipbetweenGDPPCandOILPCin2010inallcountrieswithinthesample.Note
thatthefirstgroupquartile(Q1)representsthecountrieswithlowestGrossDomesticProductpercapita,whichconsume
lessoilintheworld.Thegroup4(Q4)representsthecountrieswithmayorGDPPCintheworld,thusmayorconsumption
ofoil.Theplotisskewedtotheleft(lefttail),ithasonemode(unimodal),withitshighestpeakonthequartileQ4whichis
layingbetween75%and100%oftheGrossDomesticProductpercapita.
Thefollowingplotshowsvisuallytherelationshipbetweentwovariables:TOTALEMPLOYEESAGE15+andGROSS
DOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA,in2010.Theformerisconsideredthedependentvariableandthelatestthe
explanatoryvariable.Itisdifficulttoseeapositiveornegativerelationship.Although,itisnoclearonthisplot,ithasbeen
plottedasecondgraphtransformingthequantitativeexplanatoryvariable(GDPPC)intoacategoricalvariabledividedin
quartiles(4groups).
ItisclearinthisplotthatthereisnotasignificantpositiveornegativerelationshipbetweenGDPPCandEMPLRinall
countrieswithinthesample.Notethatthefirstgroupquartile(Q1)representsthecountrieswithlowestGrossDomestic
Productpercapita,whichgivesemploymenttomostpeople(moreemploymentrate)withintheirowncountry.Inother
words,upto25%ofthecountries(Q1)inthesampleworld,morepeopleareemployedineachofthesecountries,even
thougharethepoorestcountrieswithlessincome.Theplotseemstobeskewedtotheright(righttail),ithasonemode
(unimodal),withitshighestpeakonthequartileQ1whichislayingbetween0%and25%oftheGrossDomesticProduct
percapita.
Thefollowingplotshowsvisuallytherelationshipbetweentwovariables:FEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+andGROSS
DOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA.Theformerisconsideredthedependentvariableandthelatesttheexplanatory
variable.Itisdifficulttoseeapositiveornegativerelationshipasitwasontheprecedingplot.Although,itisnoclearon
thisplot,ithasbeenplottedasecondgraphtransformingthequantitativeexplanatoryvariable(GDPPC)intoa
categoricalvariabledividedinquartiles(4groups).
ItisclearinthisplotthatthereisnotasignificantpositiveornegativerelationshipbetweenGDPPCandFEMEMPLRin
allcountrieswithinthesample.Notethatthefirstgroupquartile(Q1)representsthecountrieswithlowestGrossDomestic
Productpercapita,whichgivesemploymenttomostwomen(morewomenemploymentrate)withintheirowncountry.In
otherwords,upto25%ofthecountries(Q1)inthesampleworld,morewomenareemployedineachofthesecountries,
eventhougharethepoorestcountrieswithlessincome.Theplotseemstobeskewedtotheright(righttail),ithasone
mode(unimodal),withitshighestpeakonthequartileQ1whichislayingbetween0%and25%oftheGrossDomestic
Productpercapita.
Thefollowingplotshowsvisuallytherelationshipbetweentwovariables:OILCONSUMPTIONPERCAPITAand
FEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+.Theformerisconsideredthedependentvariableandthelatesttheexplanatory
variable.Itisdifficulttoseeapositiveornegativerelationship.Although,itisnoclearonthisplot,ithasbeenplotteda
secondgraphtransformingthequantitativeexplanatoryvariable(FEMEMPLR)intoacategoricalvariabledividedin
quartiles(4groups).
ItisclearinthisplotthatthereisnotasignificantpositiveornegativerelationshipbetweenOILPCandFEMEMPLRin
allcountrieswithinthesample.Notethatthethirdgroupquartile(Q3)representsthecountrieswiththemeanaverageof
GrossDomesticProductpercapitaof5365.16.Thesecountrieshavethehighestoilconsumptionpercapita.Inother
words,25%ofthecountries(Q3)intheworldsample,consumemoreoilthanintheotherquartiles.Theplotseemstobe
skewedtotheleft(lefttail),ithasonemode(unimodal),withitshighestpeakonthequartileQ3whichislayingbetween
50%and75%oftheFEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+.
Thetablebelowshowtheactuallyfiguresofeachquartileineachvariable.ThevariableINCOMEPERPERSONshowsthatinthe
firstquartile(Q1),thereare47countriesthatrepresentameanof392.29US$percapitawhichisfarmorethantherestofthe
countriesintheotherquartilestogether(75%)
AnalysisVariable:incomeperpersonGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA(GDPPC),
YEAR2010
quartilesofGrossDomestic
Productpercapita
N
Obs
Minimum Maximum
Q1
47
103.7758572 736.2680538
18437.84 392.2944107 172.5321401
Q2
48
744.2394132
2549.56
78970.56
Q3
48
2557.43
9425.33
257527.89
5365.16
2012.60
Q4
47
10480.82
105147.44 1305847.26
27783.98
18032.95
Sum
Mean
StdDev
1645.22 542.9698510
ThevariableOILPERPERSONshowsthat15countrieshavethehigheroilconsumptionwithameanof3.64tonnesperyearperperson.
AnalysisVariable:oilperpersonOILCONSUMPTIONPERCAPITA(OILPC),YEAR2010
quartilesofOilConsumption
perCapita
N
Obs Minimum Maximum
Sum
Mean
StdDev
Q1
16
0.0322815
0.5046595
4.4991570 0.2811973 0.1373993
Q2
16
0.5604235
1.0324699 12.0004301 0.7500269 0.1223396
Q3
16
1.1106715
1.6286149 22.3581617 1.3973851 0.1928498
Q4
15
1.7002618 12.2286450 54.6396164 3.6426411 2.7212177
ThevariablesEMPLOYRATEandFEMALEEMPLOYRATEhavesimilarpatterns,bothconcentratedinthequartileQ4andwelldistributeon
theotherquartilesaswell.Thesevariablesaremeasurein2007forapopulationofAge15+.Thefollowingtablewillexaminetherelationship
betweenfemaleandmaleemployedin2007(variableFEMEPLOYED).
AnalysisVariable:employrateTOTALEMPLOYEESAGE15+(EMPLR),YEAR2007
quartilesofTotalEmployees
Age15+
N
Obs Minimum Maximum
Sum
Mean
StdDev
Q1
43 32.0000000 51.0000000 1938.90 45.0906977 4.4861062
Q2
46 51.2000008 58.5999985 2550.70 55.4500002 2.1950196
Q3
44 58.7999992 64.9000015 2701.70 61.4022729 1.9614290
Q4
45 65.0000000 83.1999969 3245.90 72.1311108 5.7815464
AnalysisVariable:femaleemployrateFEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+(FEMEMPLR),
YEAR2007
quartilesofFemaleEmployees
Age15+
N
Obs Minimum Maximum
Sum
Mean
StdDev
Q1
44 11.3000002 38.2999992 1285.90 29.2250000 8.1957766
Q2
45 38.7000008 47.5000000 1946.80 43.2622218 2.7195662
Q3
44 47.5999985 55.5000000 2264.00 51.4545453 2.1556258
Q4
45 56.0000000 83.3000031 2967.10 65.9355556 8.2075949
TheFEMEMPLOYEDvariableispercentageofwomenemployedinrelationwithmenemployedduring2007.Thetablebelowshowsthatin
161countriesalmost83%(Meancolumn)oftheage15+yearoldpopulationarefemaleemployedwithineachofthesecountries.Ontheother
hand,justineachoftherest14countriesfemaleemployedarelessthanmenemployed,withanaverageofaround42%oneachofthe14
countries.
rson
oyrate
OYED
AnalysisVariable:FEMEMPLOYEDpercentageofwomenemployedinthetotalemployed
population,Age15+
percentageemployedfemaleoveror
underemployedmale,Age15+
OVER
UNDER
N
Obs Minimum Maximum
Sum
Mean
StdDev
161
0.5116822
0.9987212 133.1117107 0.8267808 0.1098859
14
0.3315508
0.5000000
Label
5.8831747 0.4202268 0.0652251
Minimum Maximum
GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA(GDPPC),YEAR2010
OILCONSUMPTIONPERCAPITA(OILPC),YEAR2010
TOTALEMPLOYEESAGE15+(EMPLR),YEAR2007
FEMALEEMPLOYEESAGE15+(FEMEMPLR),YEAR2007
PERCENTAGEOFWOMENEMPLOYEDINTHETOTALEMPLOYED
POPULATION,AGE15+
Sum
Mean
103.7758572 105147.44 1660783.55

8740.97
0.0322815 12.2286450 93.4973653 1.4840852
32.0000000 83.1999969
10437.20 58.6359551
11.3000002 83.3000031
8463.80 47.5494381
0.3315508 0.9987212 138.9948854 0.7942565
TheUNIVARIATEProcedure
Variable:incomeperperson(GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITA(GDPPC),YEAR2010)
Moments
N
190 SumWeights
190
Mean
8740.96608 SumObservations
1660783.55
StdDeviation
14262.8091 Variance
203427723
Skewness
3.25047792 Kurtosis
14.6656757
UncorrectedSS 5.29647E10 CorrectedSS
3.84478E10
CoeffVariation 163.171999 StdErrorMean
1034.73292
ThetableshowsaStandarddeviation(SD)of14263,whichisveryhighcomparewithitsmeanof8740.ItcanbeusedtheCoefficientof
variation(CV)todetermineitsdispersioninrelationwiththedispersionofothervariables.TheCVforthevariableGDPPCisSDdividedby
themean,soitis1.63.
BasicStatisticalMeasures
Location
Mean
Variability
8740.966 StdDeviation
14263
Median 2553.496 Variance

Mode
203427723
. Range
105044
InterquartileRange
8681
TestsforLocation:Mu0=0
Test
Statistic
Student'st
Sign
pValue
8.447558 Pr>|t|
SignedRank S
95 Pr>=|M| <.0001
9072.5 Pr>=|S|
Quantiles(Definition5)
Level
100%Max
<.0001
Quantile
105147.438
99%
81647.100
95%
33945.314
90%
26901.858
75%Q3
9425.326
50%Median
2553.496
25%Q1
744.239
10%
337.318
<.0001
Level
Quantile
5%
242.678
1%
115.306
0%Min
103.776
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs
Value Obs
103.776
42
39972.4
145
115.306
30
52301.6
112
131.796
59
62682.1
21
155.033
108
81647.1
110
80 105147.4
128
161.317
MissingValues
PercentOf
Missing
Missing
Value Count AllObs
Obs
.
23
10.80
100.00
ThefollowinggraphshowsthatthedistributionoftheINCOMEPERPERSONidskewedtotheright,reinforcedthetablesabovewhereitis
noticethatthefirstquartile(Q1)concentratedmostoftheincomepercapitavalues.ThedistributionofOILCOMSUMPTIONfollowsthesame
pattern.
The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: oilperperson (OIL CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA (OILPC), YEAR 2010)
Moments
N
63 SumWeights
63
Mean
1.48408516 SumObservations 93.4973653
StdDeviation
1.82509005 Variance
3.3309537
Skewness
3.86540656 Kurtosis
19.603589
UncorrectedSS 345.277182 CorrectedSS

206.51913
0.22993973
ThetableshowsaStandarddeviation(SD)of1.825,whichisveryhighcomparewithitsmeanof1.484.ItcanbeusedtheCoefficientof
variation(CV)todetermineitsdispersioninrelationwiththedispersionofothervariables.TheCVforthevariableGDPPCisSDdividedby
themean,soitis1.23
Location
Mean
Variability
1.82509

Mode
3.33095
. Range
12.19636
InterquartileRange
1.12396
Test
Statistic
Student'st
Sign
pValue
6.454235 Pr>|t|
<.0001
31.5 Pr>=|M| <.0001
SignedRank S
1008 Pr>=|S|
Level
Quantile
100%Max
12.2286450
99%
12.2286450
95%
4.2999645
90%
2.9976546
75%Q3
1.6286149
50%Median
1.0324699
25%Q1
0.5046595
10%
0.2484670
5%
0.1404663
1%
0.0322815
0%Min
0.0322815
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs
Value Obs
0.0322815
15
4.20743
157
0.1180921
147
4.29996
202
0.1269788
87
4.57227
168
<.0001
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs
Value Obs
0.1404663
153
6.46757
102
0.1821845
206 12.22864
174
MissingValues
PercentOf
Missing
Missing
Value Count AllObs
Obs
.
150
70.42
100.00

Variable: employrate (TOTAL EMPLOYEES AGE 15+ (EMPLR), YEAR 2007)
Moments
N
178 SumWeights
178
Mean
58.6359551 SumObservations
StdDeviation
10.5194545 Variance
110.658922
Skewness
0.13984206 Kurtosis
0.1660433
UncorrectedSS
631581.82 CorrectedSS
10437.2
19586.6292
0.78846645
ThetableshowsaStandarddeviation(SD)of10.52,whichishighcomparewithitsmeanof58.64.ItcanbeusedtheCoefficientofvariation
(CV)todetermineitsdispersioninrelationwiththedispersionofothervariables.TheCVforthevariableGDPPCisSDdividedbythemean,
soitis0.18
Location
Mean
Variability
10.51945

Mode
110.65892
47.30000 Range
51.20000
InterquartileRange
13.80000
Note:Themodedisplayedisthesmallestof7modeswithacountof3.
Test
Statistic
Student'st
Sign
pValue
74.36709 Pr>|t|
SignedRank S
89 Pr>=|M| <.0001
7965.5 Pr>=|S|
Level
<.0001
Quantile
100%Max
83.2
99%
83.2
95%
78.2
90%
73.1
75%Q3
65.0
50%Median
58.7
25%Q1
51.2
10%
44.7
5%
41.6
1%
34.9
0%Min
32.0
<.0001
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs Value Obs

32.0
210
81.3
29
34.9
114
81.5
79
37.4
90
83.0
115
38.9
96
83.2
30
39.0
211
83.2
200
MissingValues
PercentOf
Missing
Missing
Value Count AllObs
Obs
.
35
16.43
100.00

Variable: femaleemployrate (FEMALE EMPLOYEES AGE 15+ (FEMEMPLR), YEAR 2007
Moments
N
178 SumWeights
178
Mean
StdDeviation
14.6257425 Variance
213.912344
Skewness
0.01863437 Kurtosis
0.14664236
37862.4849
1.09624575
soitis0.31
Location
Mean
Variability
14.62574

Mode
213.91234
42.10000 Range
72.00000
InterquartileRange
17.30000
Test
Statistic
Student'st
Sign
pValue
43.3748 Pr>|t|
<.0001
89 Pr>=|M| <.0001
SignedRank S
7965.5 Pr>=|S|
Level
Quantile
100%Max
83.30
99%
82.20
95%
75.80
90%
66.60
75%Q3
56.00
50%Median
47.55
25%Q1
38.70
10%
27.90
5%
21.40
1%
12.40
0%Min
11.30
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs Value Obs

11.3
210
79.2
115
12.4
90
80.0
200
13.0
96
80.5
161
<.0001
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs Value Obs

16.7
187
82.2
132
17.7
168
83.3
30
MissingValues
PercentOf
Missing
Missing
Value Count AllObs
Obs
.
35
16.43
100.00

Variable: FEMEMPLOYED (PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN EMPLOYED IN THE TOTAL EMPLOYED
POPULATION, AGE 15+)
Moments
N
175 SumWeights
175
Mean
StdDeviation
0.15380568 Variance
0.02365619
Skewness
1.2814384 Kurtosis
1.03938886
4.11617641
0.01162662
soitis0.19.Comparewithothervariables,itisclearthatthevariablewiththemajordispersionincomparisonwithotheristheonewiththe
highestCV,whichistheGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTPERCAPITAvariable.
Location
Mean
Variability
0.15381
0.02366
Mode
0.66717
. Range
InterquartileRange 0.18178
Test
Statistic
Student'st
Sign
pValue
68.31364 Pr>|t|
SignedRank S
87.5 Pr>=|M| <.0001

7700 Pr>=|S|
Level
<.0001
Quantile
100%Max
0.998721
99%
0.993730
95%
0.962264
90%
0.934102
75%Q3
0.898876
50%Median
0.850000
25%Q1
0.717092
10%
0.521053
5%
0.459605
1%
0.334190
0%Min
0.331551
<.0001
ExtremeObservations
Lowest
Highest
Value Obs
Value Obs
0.331551
90 0.978693
150
0.334190
96 0.984199
127
0.345703
168 0.984639
71
0.353125
210 0.993730
173
0.372549
147 0.998721
104
MissingValues
PercentOf
Missing
Missing
Value Count AllObs
Obs
.
38
17.84
100.00
LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300 " access=readonly;

DATA NEW;
SET MYDATA.GAPMINDER;
keep COUNTRY INCOMEPERPERSON QUARTILE_GDPPC OILPERPERSON QUARTILE_OILPC EMPLOYRATE
QUARTILE_EMPLR FEMALEEMPLOYRATE QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR FEMEMPLOYED FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF;
LABEL INCOMEPERPERSON = "GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA (GDPPC), YEAR 2010"
OILPERPERSON = "OIL CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA (OILPC), YEAR 2010"
EMPLOYRATE = "TOTAL EMPLOYEES AGE 15+ (EMPLR), YEAR 2007"
FEMALEEMPLOYRATE = "FEMALE EMPLOYEES AGE 15+ (FEMEMPLR), YEAR 2007"
FEMEMPLOYED = "PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN EMPLOYED IN THE TOTAL EMPLOYED POPULATION,
AGE 15+"
COUNTRY = "COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD"
QUARTILE_GDPPC = "quartiles of Gross Domestic Product per capita"
QUARTILE_OILPC = "quartiles of Oil Consumption per Capita"
QUARTILE_EMPLR = "quartiles of Total Employees Age 15+"
QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR = "quartiles of Female Employees Age 15+"
FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF = "percentage employed female over or under employed male,
Age 15+";
/*The variable GDPPC has been divided into 4 groups (Quartiles). Missing values no
considered (23 total).
Therefore, 190 values considered out of 213*/
IF
0 <= INCOMEPERPERSON < 744.239 THEN QUARTILE_GDPPC = 'Q1';
IF 744.239 <= INCOMEPERPERSON < 2553.496 THEN QUARTILE_GDPPC = 'Q2';

IF 2553.496 <= INCOMEPERPERSON < 9425.326 THEN QUARTILE_GDPPC = 'Q3';
IF
INCOMEPERPERSON >= 9425.326 THEN QUARTILE_GDPPC = 'Q4';
/*The variable OILPC has been divided into 4 groups (Quartiles). Missing values no
IF
0 <= OILPERPERSON < 0.5046595 THEN QUARTILE_OILPC = 'Q1';
IF 0.5046595 <= OILPERPERSON < 1.0324699 THEN QUARTILE_OILPC = 'Q2';
IF 1.0324699 <= OILPERPERSON < 1.6286149 THEN QUARTILE_OILPC = 'Q3';
IF
OILPERPERSON >= 1.6286149 THEN QUARTILE_OILPC = 'Q4';
/*The variable EMPLR has been divided into 4 groups (Quartiles). Missing values no
IF
0 <= EMPLOYRATE < 51.2 THEN QUARTILE_EMPLR = 'Q1';
IF 51.2 <= EMPLOYRATE < 58.7 THEN QUARTILE_EMPLR = 'Q2';
IF 58.7 <= EMPLOYRATE < 65.0 THEN QUARTILE_EMPLR = 'Q3';
IF
EMPLOYRATE >= 65.0 THEN QUARTILE_EMPLR = 'Q4';
/*The variable FEMALEEMPLOYRATE has been divided into 4 groups (Quartiles). Missing values
no considered (35 total).
IF
0 <= FEMALEEMPLOYRATE < 38.7 THEN QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR = 'Q1';
IF 38.7 <= FEMALEEMPLOYRATE < 47.55 THEN QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR = 'Q2';
IF 47.55 <= FEMALEEMPLOYRATE < 56 THEN QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR = 'Q3';
IF
FEMALEEMPLOYRATE >= 56 THEN QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR = 'Q4';
/*secondary variables estimating the PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE EMPLOYED IN THE TOTAL EMPLOYED
POPULATION, AGE 15 +, during 2007*/
FEMEMPLOYED = FEMALEEMPLOYRATE/EMPLOYRATE;
/*Since FEMEMPLOYED includes 3 values more or equal to 1, they will set to as missing
values */
IF FEMEMPLOYED >= 1 THEN FEMEMPLOYED = .;
/*The variable FEMEPLOYED has been divided into 2 groups (50 percent each). Missing values
no considered (35 + 3 = 38 total).
IF
0 <= FEMEMPLOYED < 0.5 THEN FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF = 'UNDER';
IF
FEMEMPLOYED >= 0.5 THEN FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF = 'OVER';
/* PROC PRINT;
VAR COUNTRY INCOMEPERPERSON QUARTILE_GDPPC OILPERPERSON QUARTILE_OILPC EMPLOYRATE
FEMALEEMPLOYRATE FEMEMPLOYED; */
proc contents data=new; run;

PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;
TABLES QUARTILE_GDPPC;
PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;

TABLES QUARTILE_OILPC;
PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;
TABLES QUARTILE_EMPLR;
PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;
TABLES QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR;
PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;
TABLES FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF;
PROC GPLOT; PLOT OILPERPERSON*INCOMEPERPERSON;
PROC GCHART; VBAR QUARTILE_GDPPC/discrete TYPE=mean SUMVAR=OILPERPERSON;
PROC GPLOT; PLOT EMPLOYRATE*INCOMEPERPERSON;
PROC GCHART; VBAR QUARTILE_GDPPC/discrete TYPE=mean SUMVAR=EMPLOYRATE;
PROC GPLOT; PLOT FEMALEEMPLOYRATE*INCOMEPERPERSON;
PROC GCHART; VBAR QUARTILE_GDPPC/discrete TYPE=mean SUMVAR=FEMALEEMPLOYRATE;
PROC GPLOT; PLOT OILPERPERSON*FEMALEEMPLOYRATE;
PROC GCHART; VBAR QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR/discrete TYPE=mean SUMVAR=OILPERPERSON;
PROC MEANS DATA=NEW MIN MAX SUM MEAN STD;
CLASS QUARTILE_GDPPC;
VAR INCOMEPERPERSON;
CLASS QUARTILE_OILPC;
VAR OILPERPERSON;
CLASS QUARTILE_EMPLR;
VAR EMPLOYRATE;
CLASS QUARTILE_FEMEMPLR;
VAR FEMALEEMPLOYRATE;
CLASS FEMEMPLOYED_DIFF;
VAR FEMEMPLOYED;

VAR INCOMEPERPERSON OILPERPERSON EMPLOYRATE FEMALEEMPLOYRATE FEMEMPLOYED;
PROC UNIVARIATE;
VAR INCOMEPERPERSON OILPERPERSON EMPLOYRATE FEMALEEMPLOYRATE FEMEMPLOYED;
HISTOGRAM;
RUN;

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Creating Graphs For Your Data-WEEK4

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Thursday,December22,201606:21:58PM1

CREATING GRAPHS FOR THE GAPMINDER DATA

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

incomeperperson oilperperson employrate femaleemployrate FEMEMPLOYED

Type Len Label

18437.84 392.2944107 172.5321401

4.4991570 0.2811973 0.1373993

1.0324699 12.0004301 0.7500269 0.1223396

1.6286149 22.3581617 1.3973851 0.1928498

1.7002618 12.2286450 54.6396164 3.6426411 2.7212177

43 32.0000000 51.0000000 1938.90 45.0906977 4.4861062

46 51.2000008 58.5999985 2550.70 55.4500002 2.1950196

44 58.7999992 64.9000015 2701.70 61.4022729 1.9614290

45 65.0000000 83.1999969 3245.90 72.1311108 5.7815464

44 11.3000002 38.2999992 1285.90 29.2250000 8.1957766

45 38.7000008 47.5000000 1946.80 43.2622218 2.7195662

44 47.5999985 55.5000000 2264.00 51.4545453 2.1556258

45 56.0000000 83.3000031 2967.10 65.9355556 8.2075949

0.9987212 133.1117107 0.8267808 0.1098859

5.8831747 0.4202268 0.0652251

103.7758572 105147.44 1660783.55

UncorrectedSS 5.29647E10 CorrectedSS

CoeffVariation 163.171999 StdErrorMean

Median 2553.496 Variance

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

1.48408516 SumObservations 93.4973653

UncorrectedSS 345.277182 CorrectedSS

Median 1.032470 Variance

31.5 Pr>=|M| <.0001

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

CoeffVariation 17.9402799 StdErrorMean

Median 58.70000 Variance

Value Obs Value Obs

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

47.5494381 SumObservations 8463.79998

UncorrectedSS 440311.418 CorrectedSS

CoeffVariation 30.7590228 StdErrorMean

Median 47.55000 Variance

Value Obs Value Obs

Value Obs Value Obs

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

0.79425649 SumObservations 138.994885

UncorrectedSS 114.513766 CorrectedSS

CoeffVariation 19.3647366 StdErrorMean

Median 0.850000 Variance

87.5 Pr>=|M| <.0001

LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300 " access=readonly;

IF 744.239 <= INCOMEPERPERSON < 2553.496 THEN QUARTILE_GDPPC = 'Q2';

proc contents data=new; run;

PROC FREQ DATA=NEW;

PROC MEANS DATA=NEW MIN MAX SUM MEAN STD;

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