NFPA Web Phase 3 - ESFR Sprinklers and Obstructions 12.15.16

ESFR Sprinklers and Obstructions Phase 3 Update
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Advancing the Science of Safety
JENSEN HUGHES
Obstructions and ESFR Sprinklers
Phase 3 Project Update
Presented by:
Garner Palenske, P.E.
Vice President
Sponsored by:
Fire Protection Research Foundation
with support from:
Principle Sponsors:
National Fire Protection Association, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell and Zurich Services
Corporation
Contributing Sponsors:
Property Insurance Research Group, Globe Fire Sprinkler Corporation, IKEA,
National Fire Sprinkler Association, The Viking Corporation, The Reliable
Automatic Sprinkler Co., and Whirlpool
Garner Palenske
P.E., Vice President, Jensen Hughes, Inc.
Garner Palenske is a registered Fire Protection
Engineer with over 29 years of experience in the
industry, including conducting fire protection research,
building code analysis, automatic fire sprinkler system
design and testing, fire alarm system design and
testing, hazardous material analysis, and computer fire
modeling. Specific research projects managed by him
include the FPRF's Fire Safety in Consumer
Fireworks/Storage and Retail Facilities Hazard
Assessment, High Velocity Low Speed Fan Research,
and Fire Protection of Compact Mobile Shelving Test
Program. Prior to joining JENSEN HUGHES, Garner
was the Fire Protection Engineer for the San Diego City
Fire Department. Presently, he serves on the NFPA's
Technical Committee on Automatic Sprinkler System
Correlation and Discharge.
Herewego
Outline
Overview of Phases 1-2
Phase 3
Findings
Questions
Introduction
Develop a tool which can be used to provide a reliable

analysis of the impact of obstructions on ESFR sprinkler
performance- existing data and new fire testing/analysis.
Phase1-3- Understanding of the effect various obstruction
scenarios have on ESFR performance.
Eight full-scale and 40 Actual Delivered Density tests
All testing completed at UL in Northbrook, Illinois
ESFR Sprinkler Design Concept
ADD > RDD= Fire Suppression

Where:
ADD- Actual Delivered Density( gpm/sq.ft.)
RDD- Required Delivered Density ( gpm/sq.ft)
ESFR Sprinkler Design Concept: Spray Pattern and

Obstructions
Spray pattern differs from a standard spray sprinkler
The area within the 2-foot radial distance of sprinkler has
a significantly higher density (Central Core)
Obstructions located near the sprinkler may redirect water
or change the characteristics of the water droplet to the
point that suppression of the fire would not be achieved
6 inch Wide Obstruction
10
Phases 1-2
Horizontal separation of obstructions from ESFR
sprinklers was reviewed utilizing Actual Delivered Density
(ADD) and full-scale testing
11
Phases 1-2 (Continued)
12
13
14
In-depth review of existing ADD testing data

Identify trends
Completed 22 ADD tests
Select the obstruction parameters for the Phase 2 fullscale testing
15
Phases 1-2 ( Continued)
16
All Phases
Full-Scale Test Array Details
Standard Group A plastic commodity
30 feet of storage and 40-foot high ceiling
Double-row racks with standard 6-inch transverse and longitudinal flue
spaces provided at rack uprights and between unit loads.
K17 ESFR sprinklers operating at 52 psi and positioned at the ceiling
with 14-inch clearance between the ceiling and the deflector.
4-foot aisles
4 bay target arrays
Sprinkler layout was 10 x 10
Sprinkler spacing was 10 feet x 10 feet
Two - half igniters positioned at the base of the commodity offset on
the center of the transverse flue space in the main array.
17
All Phases
18
All Phases
19
All Phases
Close Up Plan View of 4 Bay Test Arrangement with Single Line Obstruction
20
All Phases
The following pass/fail criteria were established:
A maximum of eight sprinklers activate
The fire is generally contained to the ignition array
Ceiling gas temperatures are such that exposed structural
steel would not be endangered (peak one minute average
temperatures less than 1,000F)
21

Fire Test Number
Test 1
Test Date
April 14, 2015

36 inch deep
steel joist,
edge of lower
chord 6 inches
from centerline
of sprinkler
Test Results
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
April 22, 2015
Test 5
April 24, 2015
April 16, 2015

30 inch deep
steel joist, edge
of lower chord 3
inches from
centerline of
sprinkler
April 20, 2015

36 inch deep
steel joist, edge
of lower chord 6
inches from
centerline of
sprinkler
36 inch deep
steel joist, edge
of lower chord 6
inches from
centerline of
sprinkler
None
1-1/2 inch by 11/2 inch bridging

member; 1-1/2
inch away from
sprinkler
1-1/2 inch by 11/2 inch bridging

member;
Centered below
sprinkler
Length of Test (minutes)
31
32
32
32
22 inch deep
steel joist, edge
of lower chord 6
inches from
centerline of
sprinkler
1-1/2 inch by 11/2 inch
bridging
member;
Centered below
sprinkler
32
First Sprinkler Operation Time (min: sec)
0:56
1:42
1:19
1:11
1:01
Last Sprinkler Operation Time (min: sec)
6:08
7:37
1:19
1:11
6:42
Number of Operated Sprinklers
12
23
Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above

Ignition (F)
Maximum 1 minute Average Gas
Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition (F)
Peak Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above
Ignition (F)
Maximum 1 minute Average Steel
Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition (F)
294
406
238
250
1264
129
256*
114
115
979
128
157*
86
84
248
126
157*
85
83
246
Ignition Time of Target Array (min: sec)
3:36
(North Target)
3:24
(North Target)
N/A
N/A
2:26
(North Target)
Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array
No
No
No
No
Yes
(North Target)
Primary Obstruction
Secondary Obstruction
None
22

Outcome Structural member horizontally offset from the
centerline of the sprinkler by 6 inches produced
acceptable results
23
Phase 3
Analyze vertical obstruction separation

Consider obstruction width and shape
Expand the understanding of miscellaneous obstructions
ADD testing completed June 23, 2016
Full scale testing completed August 8-17, 2016
24
Phase 3 ( Continued)
In-depth review of ADD testing data
Identify trends -better understanding of the relationship
between vertical and horizontal obstruction offset, as well
as obstruction width sensitivity
Select the obstruction parameters for the Phase 3 ADD
testing and ultimately the full-scale testing
25
Sprinkler A ADD Testing Results Bar Joist Depth Comparison
Horizontal Offset: 6-inch offset
Center 4 Pans
Center 16 Pans
North 4 Pans
North 8 Pans
Bar Joist
Depth
Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff
22-inch
1.24
1.37
11%
0.84
0.71
-15%
1.07
0.78 -27%
0.80
0.45
-44%
30-inch
1.24
1.42
15%
0.84
0.72
-14%
1.07
0.74 -31%
0.80
0.42
-48%
36-inch
1.24
0.98
-21%
0.84
0.62
-26%
1.07
0.33 -69%
0.80
0.24
-70%
26
27
1 Inch Wide Obstruction
28
29
6 Inch Wide Obstruction
30
The following assumptions were used to establish boundary
conditions for the Phase 3 testing:
For small width obstructions (i.e. 1.5 inches wide) acceptable
sprinkler performance is likely to occur 12 inches below the
sprinkler with no horizontal offset.
For medium width obstructions (i.e. > 1.5 to 6 inches wide)
acceptable sprinkler performance is likely to occur 8 inches below
the sprinkler with 6-inch horizontal offset.
For large width obstructions (i.e. > 6 to 12 inches wide) ADD
data should be gathered.
For obstructions of various shapes (i.e. round) ADD data should
be gathered.
31
Summary of the 20 ADD tests
Horizontal Offset from Centerline of
Sprinkler to Tip of the Obstruction (inch)
Vertical Offset below

Sprinkler (inch)
Width (inch) and Shape

of Obstruction
3F, 6F, 3R, and 6R
12
3F, 6F, 3R, and 6R
16
3F, 6F, 12F, 3R, and 6R
20
3F, 6F, 12F, 3R, and 6R
12
1.5BM
16
1.5BM
32
Bridging Member
33
Shape Variation
3 and 6 inch Round
3, 6, and 12 inch Flat

34
Flat Dimensions
Flat
Obstruction
Nominal
Width
Width A,
in.
Depth
B,
in.
Upper Chord
Thickness C,
in.
3
6
12
3.00
6.00
12.00
1.51
2.10
3.10
0.245
0.350
0.400
35
Typical ADD Testing Configuration
36
Typical ADD Testing Configuration
37
Flat vs Round ADD Data
3 inch wide Flat vs Round Obstruction with 6 inch offset
Center 4 Pans
Vertical
Offset
Center 16 Pans
North 4 Pans
3 inch flat
obstruction
3 inch round
North 8 Pans
3 inch flat
obstruction
3 inch round
Width
3 inch flat
3 inch round
% Diff
3 inch flat
3 inch round
% Diff
1.60
1.69
6%
0.95
0.94
-1%
1.25
1.20
-4%
12
1.65
1.72
4%
0.89
0.89
0%
1.18
1.13
-4%
16
1.51
1.58
4%
0.80
0.82
2%
0.94
0.97
3%
20
1.42
1.46
3%
0.79
0.82
4%
0.87
0.90
4%
0.71
% Diff
0.96
% Diff
0.94
-2%
0.86
0.84
-2%
0.72
0.75
5%
0.75
5%
6 inch wide Flat vs Round Obstruction with 6 inch offset
Width
Center 4 Pans
6 inch flat
6 inch round
obstruction
obstruction
% Diff
Center 16 Pans
6 inch flat
6 inch round
obstruction
obstructionn
% Diff
North 4 Pans
6 inch flat
6 inch round
obstruction
obstruction
% Diff
North 8 Pans
6 inch flat
6 inch round
obstruction
obstruction
% Diff
1.76
1.73
-2%
0.93
0.92
-1%
1.22
1.00
-18%
0.94
0.84
-11%
12
1.64
1.72
5%
0.82
0.87
6%
1.04
0.94
-10%
0.77
0.72
-6%
16
1.48
1.50
1%
0.77
0.78
1%
0.86
0.73
-15%
0.66
0.60
-9%
20
1.35
1.49
10%
0.73
0.79
8%
0.71
0.71
0%
0.59
0.59
0%
38
39
40
41
Droplet Behavior
42
Phase 3 (Continued)
PHASE 3 Full Scale Testing
Test Number
Primary
Obstruction
1
1-1/2 inch by 1-1/2 inch
bridging member, directly
under sprinkler, 12 inches
down from deflector
Secondary
Obstruction
None
6 inch wide, 2 inch

12 inch wide, 3 inch
deep structural C
deep structural C
shape; 6 inch offset
shape; 6 inch offset
from primary sprinkler; from primary sprinkler;
20 inches below
20 inches below
deflector
deflector
None
None
43
All Phases
Standard Group A plastic commodity
30 feet of storage and 40-foot high ceiling
Double-row racks with standard 6-inch transverse and longitudinal flue
spaces provided at rack uprights and between unit loads.
K17 ESFR sprinklers operating at 52 psi and positioned at the ceiling
with 14-inch clearance between the ceiling and the deflector.
4-foot aisles
4 bay target arrays
Sprinkler layout was 10 x 10
Sprinkler spacing was 10 feet x 10 feet
Two - half igniters positioned at the base of the commodity offset on
the center of the transverse flue space in the main array.
44
All Phases
The following pass/fail criteria were established:
A maximum of eight sprinklers activate
The fire is generally contained to the ignition array
Ceiling gas temperatures are such that exposed structural steel would
not be endangered (peak one minute average temperatures less than
1,000F)
45
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 1- 1-1/2 inch by 1-1/2 inch Bridging Member, Directly
Under Sprinkler, 12 inches Below Deflector
46
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 1- 1-1/2 inch by 1-1/2 inch Bridging Member, Directly Under Sprinkler,
12 inches Below Deflector
47
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 1- 1-1/2 inch by 1-1/2 inch Bridging Member, Directly Under Sprinkler,
12 inches Below Deflector
Length of Test, minutes
32
First Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec
1:18
Last Sprinkler Operation Time, min:sec
1:18
Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above Ignition, F
242
Maximum 1 minute Average Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above

Ignition, F
143

Ignition, F
157*
Maximum 1 minute Average Steel Temperature at Ceiling Above

Ignition, F
92
Ignition Time of Target Array, min:sec
No
No
48
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 1- Prior to Sprinkler Operation( From East)
49
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- 12 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20
Inches Below Deflector
50
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- 12 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20
Inches Below Deflector
51
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- 12 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20 Inches Below
Deflector
32:00
1:22
7:06
10
217

Ignition, F
142

Ignition, F
138

Ignition, F
137
No
No
52
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- 12 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20 Inches Below
Deflector
53
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- Prior to Sprinkler Operation( From East)
54
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- After Sprinkler Operation( From East)
55
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 2- Ignition of Target Array( From West)
56
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 3- 6 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20 Inches
Below Deflector
57
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 3- 6 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset, 20 Inches
Below Deflector
58
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 3- 6 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset; 20 inches below
deflector
32:00
1:11
1:11
240

Ignition, F
122

Ignition, F
94

Ignition, F
94
No
No
59
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 3- 6 inch Wide, C Shape; 6 inch Horizontal Offset; 20 inches below
deflector
60
Phase 3 (Continued)
Test 3 After Sprinkler Activation( From East)
61
Fire Damage
Test 2 North Main Array Damage
Test 3 North Main Array Damage
62
6 inch Wide vs 12 inch Wide ADD Comparison
Horizontal Offset: 6-inch offset, 20-inch below
Center 4 Pans
Center 16 Pans
North 4 Pans
North 8 Pans
Width
Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff Baseline OBST % Diff
6-inch
1.36
1.35
0%
0.84
0.73
-15%
1.035
0.71
-31%
0.78
0.59
-24%
12-inch
1.36
1.42
5%
0.84
0.78
-14%
1.035
0.74
-29%
0.78
0.60
-23%
63
Phase 3 (Continued)
64
Phase 3 (Continued)
Why the Performance Difference Between Test 2 and Test 3 ?
65
Phase 3- Test 2 Sprinkler Operation Sequence
66
Phase 3(Continued)
Hypothesis- There exists a relationship between
obstruction width and sprinkler skipping for the obstruction
widths and other conditions of this test series.
ADD should not be used as the only indication of sprinkler
performance.
67
Findings
Bridging member 1.5 x 1.5 inches located 12 inches directly
below the sprinkler produced acceptable results.
Bar joists 26 36 inches deep, 6 inches horizontally offset from
the sprinkler with a 1.5 x 1.5 inch bridging members located
directly under the sprinkler the sprinkler produced acceptable
results.
Flat obstruction 6 inches wide located 6 inches horizontally

offset and 20 inches below the sprinkler produced acceptable
results.
Flat obstruction 12 inches wide located 6 inches horizontally

offset and 20 inches below the sprinkler activated 10 sprinklers,
2 sprinklers more than that stated in the pass/fail criteria
( reduction in safety factor from 1.5 to 1.2 based upon 12
sprinkler design).
68
Obstruction Tool Progress
69
Path Going Forward

Phase 4 will explore miscellaneous obstructions in greater
detail, including sprinkler skipping phenomena.
Provide data for the NFPA 13 committee for code change.
70
Questions and Answers
71
QUESTIONS?
Contact
Garner Palenske, P.E.
+1 619-448-9810
gpalenske@jensenhughes.com
For More Information Visit
jensenhughes.com
72
FPRF Website:
www.nfpa.org/Foundation
Questions, Comments
custserv@nfpa.org
Recordingwillbeavailable
in approximately 2 weeks
and can be found at
www.nfpa.org/sponsoredwebinars
On behalf of our sponsors, The Fire

Protection Research Foundation, The
National Fire Protection Association,
Garner, and myself:
Thank you for joining us today!

NFPA Web Phase 3 - ESFR Sprinklers and Obstructions 12.15.16

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ESFR Sprinklers and Obstructions Phase 3 Update

Click the Audio Setup Wizard icon at the top of the

Type responses in the text field of the Chat panel at the

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Develop a tool which can be used to provide a reliable

Advancing the Science of Safety

ESFR Sprinkler Design Concept

ADD > RDD= Fire Suppression

Advancing the Science of Safety

ESFR Sprinkler Design Concept: Spray Pattern and

Advancing the Science of Safety

6 inch Wide Obstruction

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

In-depth review of existing ADD testing data

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 ( Continued)

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

April 14, 2015

April 16, 2015

April 20, 2015

1-1/2 inch by 11/2 inch bridging

1-1/2 inch by 11/2 inch bridging

Length of Test (minutes)

First Sprinkler Operation Time (min: sec)

Last Sprinkler Operation Time (min: sec)

Number of Operated Sprinklers

Peak Gas Temperature at Ceiling Above

Ignition Time of Target Array (min: sec)

Fire Travel to Extremities of Test Array

Advancing the Science of Safety

Phases 1-2 (Continued)

Advancing the Science of Safety

Analyze vertical obstruction separation

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety

6 inch Wide Obstruction

Advancing the Science of Safety

1 Inch Wide Obstruction

Advancing the Science of Safety

3 inch Wide Obstruction

Advancing the Science of Safety

6 Inch Wide Obstruction

Advancing the Science of Safety

Advancing the Science of Safety