3-ZC1070.01S - Memorandum Stability Analysis

MEMORANDUM
Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Engineer: John Pottie
1.
October 2004
GENERAL
This memorandum presents a review of the stability analysis completed for the proposed
surface water management at the Quebrada Antamina. A partial topographic survey was
conducted by Antamina to support the analysis.
2.
SEISMICITY
Klohn Crippen completed a probabilistic and deterministic assessment of the Antamina Mine
Seismicity in 1997, as part of the feasibility design for the tailings facility (Klohn Crippen
1997). From the 1997 study, the peak ground acceleration for the 1:475 return period event
was selected as 0.28g and the 1,000-year return period event was 0.37g. Seed (Kramer 1996)
suggested that deformations would be acceptably small for earth dams constructed from
ductile soils when the factor of safety was at least 1.15 for pseudo-static accelerations of
0.10g (M6.5) to 0.15g (M8.25). In addition, Hynes-Griffin and Franklin (Kramer 1996)
concluded that earth dams with pseudo-static factors of safety greater than 1.0 using a
pseudo-static acceleration of 0.5 amax1 would not develop dangerously large deformations.
The pseudo-static coefficient is assumed to be one half of the operational earthquake for the
mine site (1:475 year return period event), or 0.14g. A larger seismic event would cause
deformation of the rockfill dam, but would not lead to a catastrophic failure.
3.
GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION
3.1
Foundation Stratigraphy
A geotechnical investigation was not completed to support this stability analysis, and no other
geotechnical data was made available to Klohn Crippen. Based on discussion with Antamina,
we have assumed the depth to bedrock of the foundation soils beneath the proposed dyke to
be 5 m. We have assumed that the foundation soil is compact to dense colluvial soil or
glacial till. This material is evident through a visual inspection of the area.
3.2
Material Properties
Foundation Colluvium and Glacial Till
1
Ductile soils are defined as those soils which do not generate high pore pressures or show more than 15%
strength loss upon cyclic loading
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October 2004
The colluvium and glacial till is regarded as the same geotechnical unit. The material is a
moderately to well-graded medium dense to dense, sand-gravel-silt mixture with trace to
some clay and some boulders.
Empirical strength relationships (Hunt, 1986) indicate
strengths between 32 to 38. A value of 35 has been selected for design analysis.
Rockfill
The rockfill for the dams will consist of hard, durable limestone, grading 1 m minus. The
rockfill will be placed in 1 m lifts and heavily compacted. The strength of the rockfill, given
the low stress conditions, is expected to be in the order of 43 to 55. We have used a
conservative value of 37 in our analysis to be consistent with the same value used for the
Tucush Valley stability assessment.
The material strengths shown in Table 1 were assigned to foundation soil types and potential
construction materials.
We have reviewed these material strengths, believe them to be
reasonable for the site conditions within the Quebrada Antamina, and have adopted them for
the geotechnical analysis in the current study. These values should be confirmed through
field investigation and laboratory testing.
Table 1
Summary of Material Strength Parameters
MATERIAL
Colluvium
Glacial Till
Waste Rock - TDR
4.
GEOMETRY
4.1
General
UNIT WEIGHT (kN/m3)

22
22
19.6
COHESION (kPa)
-
FRICTION ANGLE ()
35
35
37
Two effluent control dykes are being proposed to control the effluent within the Quebrada
Antamina valley to replace the existing pump system. These dykes have been named Pond
3937 and Pond 3908 based on their proposed crest elevations. Antamina has completed a
partial survey of the Quebrada Antamina valley to support the analysis. Unfortunately, the
survey did not extend much beyond the proposed toe of Pond 3908. Assumptions were made
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October 2004
regarding the slope beyond the toe of the proposed Pond 3908 using base mapping with
lower topographic resolution.
Pond 3908 will have a storage capacity of 10,000 m3 while Pond 3937 will have a storage
capacity of 42,100 m3. Pond 3937 will be located immediately upstream of Pond 3908, and
will operate with a maximum operating pond level of 3,935 masl, to provide additional flood
storage. Pond 3908 will be operated with a maximum operating pond level of 3,906 masl.
The effluent within both ponds will be contained by the surrounding high natural topography,
constructed rockfill dykes, and 60 mil HDPE geomembrane liners. The dykes will be
constructed using clean rock fill from the open pit mining operations (Type C). Antamina
has previously designated this material as tailings dam raise material (TDR). The TDR
material is processed in the open pit operations. The dyke fill will be placed on a foundation
prepared through the removal of all deleterious materials including topsoil, organics, and soft
soils. The dykes will be constructed with a 5 m wide crest to permit vehicle access, with an
emergency spillway to convey the flows produced during design storm events.
Two
discharge pipes will permit flow between Pond 3937 and Pond 3908.
The geomembrane will be bedded on a 0.15 m thick bedding layer that will be filter
compatible with the TDR material. A 300 gr/m 2 geotextile will be placed over the bedding
layer, and a 60 mil HDPE geomembrane placed over the geotextile. An HDPE geomembrane
will be required to provide up to 20 years of resistance to ultraviolet degradation. A soil
cover will not be placed over the geomembrane for protection. The bedding layer will be
nominally minus 19 mm. The bedding layer will be placed on a prepared and proof rolled
foundation, with all particles larger than 37.5 mm removed. Several large boulders exist
within the proposed footprint of the geomembranes and these will also be removed to allow
the geomembranes to be placed. The geomembranes will be anchored within the crest of the
dykes and around the entire perimeter in an anchor trench. The TDR fill will be placed in
loose lifts not exceeding 1.0 m and compacted by at least six consecutive passes of a 10
tonne vibratory roller. The bedding layer will be placed in one lift not exceeding 0.18 m, and
compacted to achieve at least 95% of the standard Proctor maximum dry density. The dykes
will be constructed to have upstream and downstream slopes of 2H:1V. The downstream
slope of Pond 3908 will be constructed with a downstream slope of 2.5H:1V.
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4.2
October 2004
Stratigraphy and Groundwater Levels

A colluvial/glacial till depth of 5 m (agreed by Antamina) was assumed in the analysis. The
proposed geometry for the dykes for Pond 3908 and 3937 (highest section along centre of
valley) was overlain on the subsurface geometry. The geometry for Pond 3908 was placed
immediately downstream of Pond 3937 although the dykes are not directly in line (i.e. the
section line was bent). This was completed to allow the influence of the pond for Pond 3908
to be taken into account during the analysis for Pond 3937.
The analysis was completed assuming that the average groundwater level was at the ground
surface. Both dykes are to be constructed with upstream geomembrane liners extending
below the proposed footprint of the pond under the maximum water levels.
The
geomembranes are being placed to limit the potential for infiltration for environmental
reasons.
5.
STABILITY
Static and seismic stability analyses were conducted on the geometry for the proposed Ponds
3908 and 3937 using Slope/W. The Slope/W analysis was completed under the following
loading conditions:
Static conditions using drained frictions angles in all materials.
Post-earthquake loading, where the horizontal acceleration is taken to be one half

of the peak ground acceleration for the earthquake with a return period of 475
years.
The stability analysis for the construction condition using undrained material strengths is
expected to be the same as the drained condition because we do not expect pore pressures to
be generated during construction. In the analysis for Pond 3937, the influence of the pond for
3908 was considered. All analysis was completed assuming the upstream water ponds were
full, providing additional hydrostatic load.
The results from the stability analysis are
included in Appendix II and summarized in Table 2.
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The position of the piezometric layer within the foundation, the thickness of the colluvial
layer in the foundation, and the strength assigned to the colluvial soil within the foundation
and the rockfill were found to have a direct influence on the calculated factors of safety.
Some comments on the analysis completed:
Due to the natural topography and the slopes of the proposed dykes 2H:1V,
many calculated slip surfaces (with FS less than 1.5 but typically greater than
1.25) failing through the rockfill on the downstream slope were obtained. These
slips surfaces were generally not considered as the critical slips surfaces. The
slips surface leading to a loss of the crest or mobilization of the upstream pond
were considered.
The factors of safety for Dyke 3937 under static loading conditions, with the
thickness of colluvial of 5 m, and colluvial strength of 35 were found to have
factors of safety equal to 1.5.
The factors of safety for Dyke 3937 under pseudo-static loading conditions,
with the thickness of colluvial of 5 m, and colluvial strength of 35 were found
to have factors of safety greater than 1.0.
The factors of safety for Dyke 3908 under static loading conditions, with the
thickness of colluvial of 5 m, and colluvial strength of 35 were found to have
factors of safety greater than 1.5.
The factors of safety for Dyke 3908 under pseudo-static loading conditions,
with the thickness of colluvial of 5 m, and colluvial strength of 35 were found
to have factors of safety greater than 1.0.
The calculated factors of safety for Pond 3937 and 3908 achieve the target values of 1.5 for
static loading conditions and 1.0 for pseudo-static loading conditions, when a colluvial
thickness of 5 m with a strength of 35 is considered in the foundation, and the groundwater
level is at the ground surface.
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MEMORANDUM
Table 2
DYKE
3937
3937
3937
3937
3937
3908
3908
October 2004
Summary of Slope Stability Analysis for Pond 3908

SEISMIC
COEFF.
0.14
0.14
No
No
No
No
0.14
U/S WATER
POND
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
D/S WATER
POND
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
PIEZOMETRIC
SURFACE IN DYKE
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COLLUVIAL
LAYER
5m
5m
5m
5m
5m
5m
5m
COLLUVIAL
STRENGTH
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
ROCKFILL
STRENGTH
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
FAILURE
MODE
Circular
Circular
Circular
Circular
Circular
Circular
Circular
FACTOR OF
SAFETY
1.12
1.03
1.59
1.46
1.45
1.54
1.05
Note: 1) All factors of safety reported represent slip surfaces that would mobilize the crest of the dyke. Lower factors of safety can be
calculated that cause slips on the surface of the downstream slope of the dykes.
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October 2004

APPENDIX I
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES
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October 2004

POND 3937
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File Name: DK1-Blk-HWT-PS.slz
Analysis Method: Morgenstern-Price
Direction of Slip Movement: Right to Left
Slip Surface Option: Block Specified
P.W.P. Option: Piezometric lines with Ru
Tension Crack Option: (none)
Seismic Coefficient: Horizontal
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
Soil: 2
Description: Dyke Fill (Type C Rockfill)
Soil Model: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Piezometric Line #: 1
Ru: 0
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Soil Model: No Strength
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
Elevation (m) (x 1000)
4.075
Soil: 4
Description: Bedrock
Soil Model: Bedrock
Soil: 3
Description: Glacial Till
Unit Weight: 22
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 35
Ru: 0
4.050
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
FOS = 1.12
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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October 2004

File Name: DK1-Circ-HWT-PS.slz
Slip Surface Option: Grid and Radius
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
4.050
Soil: 3
Unit Weight: 22
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 35
Ru: 0
Soil: 4
Soil Model: Bedrock
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
FOS = 1.03
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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MEMORANDUM
October 2004

File Name: DK1-Blk-HWT-Stat.slz
Slip Surface Option: Block Specified
Seismic Coefficient: (none)
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
4.050
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 4
Soil Model: Bedrock
Soil: 3
Unit Weight: 22
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 35
Ru: 0
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
FOS = 1.59
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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MEMORANDUM
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File Name: DK1-Circ-HWT-Stat.slz
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
4.050
Soil: 3
Unit Weight: 22
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 35
Ru: 0
Soil: 4
Soil Model: Bedrock
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
FOS = 1.46
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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MEMORANDUM
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File Name: DK1-Circ-NWT-Stat.slz
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
4.050
Soil: 1
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 3
Soil Model: Bedrock
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 22
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 35
Ru: 0
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
3.925
FOS = 1.45
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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October 2004

POND 3908
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Description:
Comments:
File Name: DK2-Circ-HWT-Stat.slz
Last Saved Date: 2/1/2005
Last Saved Time: 10:27:37 AM
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
Pore-Air Pressure: 0
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 3
Unit Weight: 22
Ru: 0
Soil: 4
Soil Model: Bedrock
Ru: 0
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
4.050
1.536
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Distance (m)
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MEMORANDUM
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Description:
Comments:
File Name: DK2-Circ-HWT-PS.slz
Last Saved Date: 2/1/2005
Last Saved Time: 10:29:42 AM
Soil: 1
Description: Water
Unit Weight: 9.807
Ru: 0
Soil: 2
Unit Weight: 19.6
Cohesion: 0
Phi: 37
Ru: 0
Soil: 3
Unit Weight: 22
Ru: 0
Soil: 4
Soil Model: Bedrock
Ru: 0
4.200
4.175
4.150
4.125
4.100
4.075
4.050
1.045
4.025
4.000
3.975
3.950
3.925
3.900
3.875
3.850
3.825
3.800
3.775
3.750
-150
-100
-50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance (m)
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MEMORANDUM

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Empirical strength relationships (Hunt, 1986) indicate

We have reviewed these material strengths, believe them to be

Summary of Material Strength Parameters

UNIT WEIGHT (kN/m3)

Stratigraphy and Groundwater Levels

Static conditions using drained frictions angles in all materials.

Post-earthquake loading, where the horizontal acceleration is taken to be one half

The results from the stability analysis are

included in Appendix II and summarized in Table 2.

Summary of Slope Stability Analysis for Pond 3908

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

Stability of Dykes for Quebrada Antamina

Elevation (m) (x 1000)

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