LESSON NO.

05
PREPARED BY: ARCH. EMIL G. PALO
DATE: FEB 27, 2014
SOUND- is a physical wave or a mechanical vibration or a series of pressure
vibration in a elastic medium.
For Airborne Sound the medium air.
For Structure Borne Sound the medium are concrete- steel, wood, glass &
combination of all these materials
Sound it is also a disturbance, is a mechanical wave longitudinal wave
Light TRANSVERSE WAVE
SOUND vibration of object sounds deepers in vibrations
VIB/SEC = FREQUENCY
INAUDIBLE SOUND:
Low Vibration Object < 20 Herts vib/sec= INFRASONIC SOUND
Ex. Earthquake below 20 Herts.
High Vibration > 20,000 Herts vib/sec= ULTRASONIC SOUND
20 20,000 vib/sec = sound audible
Ex. Volcanic eruption, fire crackers, airplane
UNIT OF SOUND = BELL 1/10 = 1 decible
Sound is faster in solid and least on air
Fast = Solid
Low = Air
SPEED OF SOUND
331.5
332

AMERICA

= FOR SIMPLY CALCULATION

334

GERMAN

The speed of sound also decreases if the temp. is low

The speed of sound also increases if the temp. is high
.6m/sec = 10 C.

Ex. 32 x .6 = 19.2 C.
(Temp.)

HERTZ the S.I unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second . Hz
Example:
28C x .6 + 332 = 348.8 speed of sound
After 5 seconds you heard a sound how far is the sound?
348.8 x 5 = 1774 distance of sound
Sound Displacement Frequency = Pitch

Greater Pitch
Lower Pitch

=
=

Greater Frequency
Lower Frequency

REFLECTION repitted echo or reverberation or repitted reflection

REVERBERATION - the amount of sound to decrease its intensity by .6 sec.
The frequency changes depends on the motion of the object relative to the
observer
OBSERVER
OBSERVER

<going INCREASE PITCH

>away DECREASE PITCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND WAVE:

1.) LOUDNESS is measured by the intensity of sound.
2.) QUALITY depends on the pure tone of source.
3.) PITCH a perpetual property that allows the ordering of sounds on a
frequency.
4.) TIMBRE (highier or lower ) associated with music melodies.
Two source of sound may be same in pitch but deeper in loudness.
QUALITY what or who depends on the familiarity
TRESSHOLD 20,000 vib/sec (herts) = 0 decibell
1.) Speed, Sound Quality the quality of a speech sound that comes
from its tone
rather than its pitch or volume
2.) Musical Tone Quality the quality or color of tone of an instrument
or voice.
RAREFACTION
COMPRESSION

The numbers of Rarrifaction, Compression determines frequency.

SOUNDS TRAVELS IN 3 OBJECTS.

highier or

The object will vibrate the sound & if will get

stronger.

RESONANCE SYMPATHETIC VIBRATION

AIR AIR BORNE SOUND
MAT. STRUCTURE BORNE SOUND
REVERVERATION UNIT OF THE AREA

SPEED 180 MILES /SEC.

SPEED OF WAVE.

>F = <WL WAVELENGTH SOUNDS TRAVELS IN A MEDIUM

<F = > WL

2KINDS OF SOUND
1.) NOISE an irregular sound vibration
2.) MUSIC regular sound vibration
Sound performing mat. Converts sound energy to heat energy
Converts Energy to Heat
HUMAN VOICE = 100 600 HERTS
1 FREQUENCY SOUND = CALLED TONE
TONE TERM OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQ.
256 vib/sec = double it = 512 vib/sec called OCTAVE
1 Note Highier 1 Octave - means double frequency

INTENSITY OF SOUND
INTENSITY POWER WATT =
AREA
cm
o
o

P_
4 r

UNIT OF POWER IS WATT.

SOUND RADIATE
EQUALY.

ABSORB logarithmically persive by the person.

foot to 50 feet wave length the person hears

Powers unit is watt/power other word acoustical power
Power in intensity of sound called sound power
Max sound power that the human ear can absorb without damage
10/cm = 130 decibell
The human hear respond logarithmically not mathematically

PARTS OF EAR:
1.) PINNA arrive to canal, outer part of ear.
2.) AUDITORY CANNAL it will reach the eardrome or tympany membrane
comprise, vibrate.
3 BONES
-

OF EAR:
HAMMER
ANVIL
STIRRUPS

when this 3 bones move it will create movement to the

cochlea fluid fill

EUSTACHIAN TUBE were excess sound pressure pass.

ELECTRICAL IMPULSE create or give to the auditor and give to the nerve ,
and the nerve
will give the message to the brain.
MALE low freq. = 100 600 hertz or tone
FEMALE high freq. = 600 7,500 hertz harmonic
PRESBYACUSIS a process of change in the upper limit of the ear, to respond due to
age.
DAPPLERS EFFECT it is apparent change frequency of sound approach the object.

LONG WAVELENGTH sound whose very low characteristic

SHORT WAVELENGTH sound whose very high characteristic
0 = tresshold of hearing
10 db = is 10x louder in the tresshold of hearing
= 23 x tresshold of hearing
SPL it create pressure to air molecule creating a continuous pattern of rarefaction
and compression
SPL ( Sound Pressure Level)
SPL = 10 log
P2_____
Po
Io = 10 / cm
BASE PRESSURE 20 Pa = 2x 10 4bam
Ex. 50 db =
P=?
I=?
50db = 10 log
P_____
I____
(2x 10 4 bam)
ANS. P = 6.32 x 10 bam
EX. =
I = 4 x 10 /cm
IL = ?
SPL= ?
IL = 10 log 4 x 10 /cm
10 -16w/cm
I,L, = 46.02 db
S,PL= 46.02 db
46.02 db = 10 Log
P__
(2x10 4 bam)
P= 3.99x10 bam

50 db = 10 log
10 16
I = 10 /cm

SOUND ABSOROTION when sound energy impinges hits on a material, part, is

reflected and remainder
is absorb most material are neither perfect reflector
or perfect absorber.
=

= coefficient of absorption alpha is the ratio between the intensity

Ia = sound power density
In = sound power intensity
Sound = absorb by the surface and the intensity imaging by the surface unit /cm.
COEFFICIENT OF ABSOPTION is dimensionless
C of absorption = 1 = all the sound imanging to the material is absorb.
= 1 avi= is a perfect absorber of sound
The absorption of the material depends on the surface and coefficient of
absorption
Unit of absorption = SABIN
A=S

REVERBERATION: is the persistence of sound after the source of sound has ceased
on a result of
repeated reflection.
REVERBERATION TIME = TR = describe the prcised requirement for the sound level
to decrease 60 db
after the sound source has stop producing sound.
REQUIRED REVERBERATION TIME:
LECTURE HALL
-PROPERTIES
-COEFFICIENT
RADIO STATION

1.8 1.6 SEC. = for Concert Hall

A space w/highly reflective surfaces and their for low absorption sound light,
-Average Absorption = < 0.2
Highly Absorptive Non Reflective Environment Sounds Death
-Average Absorption Coefficient = > 0.4
SPL the resultant noise or sound in an enclosed space resulting from a source in
that space and the position of the listener in thus therefore an end effect.
ANALOGOUS TO ROOM ILLUMINATION PULL
PULL= (Sound Power Level) is a measure of the amount of the sound
generate by a source
independent of the environment.
ANALOGOUS TO LUMEN OUTPUT OF THE SOURCE/PULL but it varies w/ the
directivity absorption
REGULAR REFLECTION = SPECULAR REFLECTION