BHARATHI VIDYALAYA SENIOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL
721, Sholinganallur Medavakkam High Road,
Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam,
Chennai- 600 100

PATRON: His Holiness Dakshinamaya Jagadguru

Mahasannidhanam Anantashri Bharathitheertha Mahaswamigal
Of Sri Sringeri Sarada Peetam
Physics Project on
Testing Gas Laws
By:
A.KishoreKumar
CLASS XI

BHARATHI VIDYALAYA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New

Delhi)
721, Sholinganallur Medavakkam High Road,
Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam,
Chennai- 600 100

This is to certify that the project entitled

TESTING GAS LAWS
Is a bonafide work done by
A.KishoreKumar

EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank our correspondent Mrs. K. Alamelu, M.A.,
M.Ed., M.Phil.,for supporting us in our education.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to my Physics teacher

Mr .K.Karuppanaswamy, M.Sc.,Physics,for helping me with the

project.
Last but not the least, a special thank you to my parents and
The Almighty, without whose support, this project would not
have been successful.

AIM:
My goal is to determine the effect of pressure and
temperature on the volume of air. I hypothesize that higher
temperatures and lower pressure increase the volume of air
noticeably, even in common, everyday situations.

GAS LAWS:
The gas laws were developed at the end of the 18th
century, when scientists began to realize that relationships
between the pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of
gas could be obtained which would hold to a good
approximation for all gases. Gases behave in a similar way over
a wide variety of conditions because they all have molecules
which are widely spaced, and the equation of state for an ideal
gas is derived from kinetic theory. The earlier gas laws are now
considered as special cases of the ideal gas equation, with one
or more of the variables held constant.

BOYLEs LAW:
Boyle's Law, published in 1662, states that, at
constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume
of a given mass of an ideal gas in a closed system is always
constant. It can be verified experimentally using a pressure
gauge and a variable volume container. It can also be derived
from the kinetic theory of gases: if a container, with a fixed
number of molecules inside, is reduced in volume, more
molecules will strike a given area of the sides of the container
per unit time, causing a greater pressure.

EQUATION:

where P is the pressure, and V is the volume of a gas.

GRAPH:
The graph for this inverse relationship is as follows:

CHARLES LAW:
Charles's Law, or the law of volumes, was found in
1787 by Jacques Charles. It states that, for a given mass of an
ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature, assuming in a closed
system.

EQUATION:

where V is the volume of a gas, T is the absolute temperature.

GRAPH:
The graph for this relationship is as follows:

GAY LUSSACs LAW:

Gay-Lussac's Law, Amontons' Law or the Pressure
Law, was found by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1809. It states
that, for a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the
pressure exerted on the sides of its container is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature.

GRAPH:
The graph for this relationship is as follows:

IDEAL GAS LAW:

The Combined Gas Law or General Gas
Equation is obtained by combining Boyle's Law, Charles' Law,
and Gay-Lussac's Law. It shows the relationship between the
pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed mass (quantity)
of gas.

EQUATION:

P = pressure (Pa)
V = volume (m3)
T = temperature (K)
n = number of moles
N = number of molecules
R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 Jmol^1K^-1
kB = Boltz,amm's constant = 1.38x10-23

JK^-1
NA = Avagadro's number = 6.023x1023
mol^-1

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Balloons of 3 Different Sizes(Small, Medium,Large), Fridge, Hot
Water Bath.

PROCEDURE:
Balloons are experimented with Effect on Volume.
1. The Balloon is kept in Room Temperature in Sea Level.
2. Another Balloon is kept in High Altitudes Like Terrace.
3. Another Balloon is kept in a Refridgerator and the Fourth
balloon is kept inside Hot Water.
4. Volume is Calculated and recorded in the Table.
5. Observe for 4 Times and note down the Mean Value.
6. Now, Repeat the Steps with Medium and Large Balloons
and Record Observations.

OBSERVATION:
It was found that balloons increase by 1% in volume
per 100 meters of elevation gained, decrease by 6.9% per
meter underwater, and decrease by 0.4% per degree Kelvin of
cooling. TEMPERATURE CHANGE

ALTITUDE CHANGE

RESULT:

Volume of Balloon increases with Less Pressure or Higher

Temperature.
Volume of Balloon decreases with More Pressure or Less
Temperature.
Most Interesting Observation was that even slight change
of Elevation, Temperature makes the Difference in Volume.
So, This Obeys Gas Laws.