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The Babcock & Wilcox Company
Appendix 1
Conversion Factors, SI Steam
Properties and Useful Tables
This appendix provides tables, charts and figures

that can be useful in evaluating the generation and
use of steam. They supplement the material presented
throughout Steam and are divided into four subsections: selected conversion factors; SI versions of the
Steam Tables and graphical data; useful charts and
figures; and typical operating parameters for a 500
MW pulverized coal-fired power plant.
Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.3
Pressure-enthalpy diagram for steam

SI units
Psychrometric chart SI units
Part 1: Conversion Factors

Table 1.1 Length
Table 1.2 Length, Small Units
Table 1.3 Area
Table 1.4 Volume
Table 1.5 Mass
Table 1.6 Force
Table 1.7 Pressure or Force per Unit Area
Table 1.8 Energy, Work and Heat
Table 1.9 Power or Rate of Doing Work
Table 1.10 Density (Mass/Volume)
Table 1.11 Thermal, Heat Transfer and Flow
Parameters
Table 1.12 Multiplying Prefixes
Table 1.13 Selected Additional Conversion Factors
Part 3: Useful Charts and Tables

Fig. 3.1
Temperature-enthalpy diagram
(MPa = 0.006895 psi)
Fig. 3.2
Estimates of the weight of air required for
selected fuels and excess air levels
Fig. 3.3
Estimates of the weight of the products
of combustion for selected fuels and excess air levels
Fig. 3.4
Estimates of the percent total air for flue
gas percent oxygen for selected fuels
Fig. 3.5
Estimates of efficiency loss due to unburned combustibles for selected fuels
and ash contents
Fig. 3.6
Estimates of theoretical air required for
the combustion of coal based upon volatile matter content
Table 3.1 SO2, SO3 Estimated Emissions from Boilers Firing Coal or Fuel Oil
Table 3.2 Conversion Formulae for Emission Rates
Table 3.3 Periodic Table of the Elements
Part 2: System International dUnits (SI),

Steam Tables Plus Selected Charts and Figures
Table 2.1 SI Properties of Saturated Steam and
Saturated Water (Temperature)
Table 2.2 SI Properties of Saturated Steam and
Saturated Water (Pressure)
Table 2.3 SI Properties of Superheated Steam and
Compressed Water (Temperature and
Pressure)
Fig. 2.1
Mollier diagram (H-s) for steam SI units
Part 4: Typical 500 MW Pulverized Coal-Fired

Power Plant Parameters
Table 4.1 Coal and Ash Analysis, an Example of a
High Sulfur Bituminous Coal
Table 4.2 Mechanical Equipment 500 MW PCFired Plant
Table 4.3 Environmental Equipment 500 MW
PC-Fired Plant
Table 4.4 Plant Performance Summary 500 MW
PC-Fired Plant
Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables
T-1

Table 1.4
Volume
Table 1.1
Length
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Statute
Mile
Millimeter
Centimeter
Meter
Kilometer
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Fluid
Ounce
Quart
Barrel
(PetroGallon leum)
Cubic
Foot
Cubic
Yard
Cubic
Centimeter
(Milliliter)
Cubic
Meter
Liter
Inch
Foot
Yard
Inch
12
36
63.36
X 103
3.937
X 102
0.3937
39.37
3.937
X 104
Fluid
Ounce
32.00
128.0
5376
957.5
2.585
X 104
3.381
X 102
33.82
3.382
X 104
Foot
0.08333
5280
3.281
X 103
3.281
X 102
3.281
3281
Quart
0.03125
4.000
168.0
29.92
807.9
1.057
X 103
1.057
1057
1760
1.094
X 103
1.094
X 102
1.093
1094
Gallon
7.813
X 103
0.2500
42.00
7.481
202.0
2.642
X 104
0.2642
264.2
6.214
X 107
6.214
X 106
6.214
X 104
0.6214
Barrel
(Petroleum)
1.860
X 104
5.952
X 103
0.0238
0.1781
4.809
6.290
X 106
6.290
X 103
6.290
1000
1.000
X 106
Cubic
Foot
1.044
3
X 10
3.342
X 102
0.1336
5.615
27.00
3.532
X 105
3.532
X 102
35.32
Cubic
Yard
3.868
X 105
1.238
X 103
4.951
X 103
0.2079
3.704
X 102
1.308
X 106
1.308
X 103
1.308
Cubic
Centimeter
(Milliliter)
29.57
946.4
3785
1.590
X 105
2.832
X 104
7.646
X 105
1000
1.000
X 106
Liter
2.957
X 102
0.9464
3.785
159.0
28.32
764.6
1.000
X 103
1000
Cubic
Meter
2.957
X 105
9.464
X 104
3.785
X 103
0.1590
2.832
X 102
0.7646
1.000
X 106
1.000
X 103
Yard
Statute
Mile
Millimeter
0.02778
0.3333
1.578
X 105
1.894
X 104
5.682
X 104
914.4
1609
X 106
0.1000
100
1.000
X 105
25.40
304.8
10.00
Centimeter
2.540
30.48
91.44
1.609
X 105
Meter
0.0254
0.3048
0.9144
1609
1.000
X 103
0.010
1000
Kilometer
2.540
X 105
3.048
X 104
9.144
X 104
1.609
1.000
X 106
1
X 105
0.0010
Table 1.5
Mass
Table 1.2
Length, Small Units
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Mil
Millimeter
Centimeter
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
3.937
X 102
39.37
393.7
Pound
3.937
X 108
3.937
X 105
3.937
X 102
0.3937
10.00
1.000
X 104
1.000
X 107
Angstrom
Nanometer
Micron
1000
3.937
X 106
3.937
X 105
Mil
Inch
Pound
Short
Ton
Long
Ton
2000
4.464
4
X 10
0.8929
9.842
X 107
9.842
4
X 10
0.9842
1.000
X 107
Gram
453.6
9.072
5
X 10
1.016
6
X 10
1000
1.000
X 106
Kilogram
0.4536
907.2
1016
1.000
X 103
1000
Metric Ton
4.536
4
X 10
0.9072
1.016
1.000
X 106
0.0010
Nanometer
2.540
X 104
2.540
X 107
0.100
1000
1.000
X 106
Micron
25.40
2.540
X 104
1.000
X 104
1.000
X 103
1000
1.000
X 104
Millimeter
2.540
X 102
25.40
1.000
X 107
1.000
X 106
1.000
X 103
10
Centimeter
2.540
X 103
2.54
1.000
X 108
1.000
X 107
1.000
X 104
0.100
Table 1.6
Table 1.3
Area
Square
Centimeter
Square
Mile
1296
6.273
X 106
4.014
X 109
0.1550
2.788
X 107
1.076
X 103
3.098
X 106
Square
Meter
Square
Kilometer
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Newton
Grams
Kilograms
Pounds
9.807
X 103
9.807
4.448
Grams (f)
102.0
1000
453.6
Kilograms (f)
0.1020
0.001
0.4536
0.2248
2.205
3
X 10
2.205
1550
1.550
X 109
Newton
10.764
1.076
X 107
1.196
X 104
1.196
1.196
X 106
640
2.471
X 108
2.471
X 104
247.1
1.563
X 103
3.861
X 1011
3.861
X 107
0.3861
8361
4.047
X 107
2.590
X 1010
1.000
X 104
1.000
X 1010
0.09290
0.8361
4047
2.590
6
X 10
1.000
X 104
1.000
6
X 10
9.290
X 108
8.361
X 107
4.047
X 103
2.590
1.000
10
X 10
1.000
X 106
9.000
4.356
X 104
Sqaure
Yard
7.716
X 104
0.1111
4840
Acre
1.594
X 107
2.296
X 105
2.066
X 104
Square
Mile
2.491
X 1010
3.587
X 108
3.228
X 107
Square
Centimeter
6.452
929.0
Square
Meter
6.452
X 104
Square
Kilometer
6.452
X 1010
T-2
Force
Acre
144.0
1.102
Long Ton
2.540
X 108
6.944
X 103
2205
1.102
3
X 10
1.000
X 108
2.540
X 105
Square
Foot
2.205
1.12
Angstrom
Square
Inch
2.205
X 103
Square
Yard
2240
Short Ton
0.0010
Square
Foot
Metric
Ton
1.102
X 106
Inch
Square
Inch
Kilogram
5.000
4
X 10
3.937
X 109
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Gram
Pounds (f)

Table 1.7
Pressure or Force per Unit Area
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Inch
of
Inch
of
Atmos- Mercury Mercury Water
pheres at 0C at 0C at 4C
Cm of
Table 1.10
Density (Mass/Volume)
Feet
of
Water
at 4C
Kilo- Pounds
grams
per
per
Square
Square Inch
Meter
(abs) Pascal
Bar
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Pounds per
Cubic Foot
Pounds per
Gallon
(U.S. Liquid)
Grams per
Cubic
Centimeter
Kilograms
per
Liter
Kilograms
per
Cubic Meter
7.481
62.43
62.43
6.243
X 102
1.316
X 102
3.342
X 102
2.458
X 103
2.950
X 102
9.678
X 105
6.804
X 102
9.869
X 106
0.9869
Pounds per
Cubic Foot
Cm of Mercury at 0C
76.00
2.540
0.1868
2.242
7.356
3
X 10
5.171
7.501
X 104
75.01
Pounds per Gallon

(U.S. Liquid)
0.1337
8.345
8.345
8.345
X 103
Inch of Mercury at 0C
29.92
0.3937
7.355
X 102
0.8826
2.896
X 103
2.036
2.953
X 104
29.53
Grams per
Cubic Centimeter
1.602
2
X 10
0.1198
1.000
1.000
X 103
Inch of
Water at 4C
406.8
5.354
13.6
12
3.937
X 102
27.68
4.015
X 103
401.9
Kilograms
per Liter
1.602
2
X 10
0.1198
1.000
1.000
X 103
Feet of
Water at 4C
33.90
0.4460
1.133
8.333
2
X 10
3.281
X 103
2.307
3.345
X 104
33.49
Kilograms per
Cubic Meter
16.02
119.8
1000
1000
Kilograms
per Square
Meter
Pounds per
Square Inch
(abs)
1.033
X 104
136.0
345.3
25.40
304.8
703.1
1.0197 1.0197
X 101 X 104
14.70
0.1934 0.4912
3.613
X 102
0.4335
1.422
X 103
1.450
X 104
14.50
9.80665
6895
1.000
X 105
1
X 105
Atmospheres
Pascal
Bar
1.01325
1.333
5
X 10
3387.4
249.0
2989
1.333
X 102
3.387
X 102
2.49
X 103
2.989 9.80665 6.895

X 102 X 105 X 102
1.013
PRESSURE is the force per unit area exerted on or by a fluid.

Absolute pressure is the sum of atmospheric and gauge pressure.
Standard atmospheric pressure is 14.696 lbf/in. or 29.92 mm Hg.
British CentiThermal meterUnits

grams
Footpounds
Joules
Wattsecond
Kilowatthours
Kilogram-
3.671
X 107
Heat Transfer Coefficient or Conductance

l Btu/h ft2 F
= 5.6784 W/m2K
7.233
2655
1.341
3.653
X 106
1.341
X 103
Mass Flow Rate

1 lb/h
= 0.000126 kg/s
3.6
X 106
9.807
3600
Mass Flux
1 lb/h ft2
= 0.001356 kg/m2s
2.778
X 107
2.724
X 106
0.001
0.1020
3.671
X 105
367.1
Volumetric Flow Rate

1 ft3/min (ACFM)
1 GPM
= 0.000472 m3/s
= 0.06308 l/s
2.778
X 104
1000
2.724
X 103
9.297
X 108
1.285
X 103
2545
9.480
X 104
3413
9.297
X 103
Centimetergrams
1.076
X 107
1.383
X 104
2.737
X 1010
1.020
X 104
3.671
X 1010
10
Foot-pounds
778
7.233
X 105
1.98
X 106
0.7376
2.655
X 106
Horsepowerhours
3.929
X 104
3.654
X 1011
5.050
X 107
3.725
X 107
Joules
Watt-second
1054.8
9.807
X 105
1.356
2.684
X 106
Kilowatthours
2.93
X 104
2.724
X 1011
3.766
X 107
0.7457
105
0.1383
Watt-hours
0.293
2.724
X 108
3.766
X 104
745.7
Watthours
Volumetric Heat Release Rate

1 Btu/h ft3
107.6
Table 1.9
Power or Rate of Doing Work
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Btu per
Minute
Btu
per
Minute
1
Table 1.12
Multiplication Factors
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012
Footpounds
per
Minute
Footpounds
per
Second
1.285
X 103
7.716
2
X 10
42.44
Horsepower
1 000 000 000 = 109

Kilowatts
Watts
1 000 000 = 106
56.91
5.691
X 102
1 000 = 103
778
60
3.3
4
X 10
4.426
4
X 10
44.26
Foot-pounds
per second
12.97
1.667
2
X 10
550
737.6
0.7376
Horsepower
2.357
2
X 10
3.030
5
X 10
1.818
3
X 10
1.341
1.341
X 103
Kilowatts
1.757
2
X 10
2.260
5
X 10
1.356
3
X 10
0.7457
17.5725
2.260
X 102
1.356
745.7
= 10.3497 W/m3
Multiplying Prefixes
Foot-pounds
per minute
Watts
= 2.326 kJ/kg
= 0.039338 MJ/Nm3
3.413
meters
British
Thermal Units
Kilogrammeters
= l Btu/h ft R
= 12 Btu in./h ft2 F
= 1.7307 W/m K
Heat Flux, or Heat Transfer Rate

1 Btu/h ft2
= 3.1546 W/m2
Horsepowerhours
2.737
X 105
Thermal Conductivity
l Btu/h ft F
Heat Content
1 Btu/lb
1 Btu/Standard cubic foot
Table 1.8
Energy, Work and Heat
Starting
With
Multiply By
To
Obtain
Table 1.11
Thermal, Heat Transfer and Flow Parameters
1000
10
Prefix
SI Symbol
tera
giga
mega
kilo
100 = 102
hecto*
10 = 101
deka*
deci*
da
d
0.1 = 101
0.01 = 102
0.001 = 103
0.000 001 = 106
0.000 000 001 = 109
0.000 000 000 001 = 1012
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 1015
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 1018
centi*
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
* To be avoided where possible.
T-3
Table 1.13
Selected Additional Conversion Factors
Length and Area
100 feet (ft)/minute (min) = 0.508 meter (m)/second(s)
= 640 acres
1 square mile (mi2 )
= 259 hectares (ha)
1 m/s
= 196.9 ft/min
1 square kilometer (km2 ) = 100 ha
= 0.3861 mi2
1 ha
= 10,000 m2
= 2.471 acres
1 nautical mile
= 6080 ft
= 1.151 statute mi
= 1.853 km
1 nautical mile/hour (h) = 1 knot
Weight
1 pound (lb)
1 oz
1 grain (gr)
1 lb/ft
1g
1 kg/m
Volume
1 cubic foot (ft3 )
1 cubic inch (in.3 )
1 imperial gallon
1 U.S. gallon (gal)
1 U.S. barrel (bbl)
(petroleum)
1 liter (1)
1 board ft
1 ft3/min
1 m3/h
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
16 ounces (oz)
7000 grains (gr)
0.454 kilogram (kg)
0.0625 lb
28.35 grams (g)
64.8 milligrams (mg)
0.0023 oz
1.488 kg/m
1000 mg
0.03527 oz
15.43 grains
0.672 lb/ft
1 g/l
Water at 62F (16.7C)
1 ft3
1 lb
1 U.S. gallon
= 62.3 lb
= 0.01604 ft3
= 8.33 lb
Pressure
1 atmosphere (metric)
3
(C x 9/5) + 32
R 459.67
(F 32) x 5/9
K 273.15
1 m3/kg
1 g/m3
0.0624 m3/kg
2.288 g/m3
17.11 g/m3
17.11 mg/l
16.02 ft3/lb
0.437 grain/ft3
0.0584 grain/
U.S. gallon
= 58.4 grain/U.S. gallon
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Water at 39.2F (4C), maximum density

1 ft3
= 62.4 lb
1 m3
= 1000 kg
1 lb
= 0.01602 ft3
1l
= 1.0 kg
1 kg/m3
= 1 g/l
= 1 part per thousand
1 g/m3
= 1 mg/l
= 1 part per million (ppm)
= 1728 cubic inches (in. )

= 16,390 cubic
millimeters (mm3 )
= 277.4 in.3
= 4.55 liters (l)
= 0.833 imperial gallon
= 3.785 l
= 231 in.3
= 42 U.S. gallons
= 35 imperial gallons
= 106 mm3
= 0.220 imperial gallon
= 0.2642 U.S. gallon
= 61.0 in.3
= 12 in. x 12 in. x 1 in. thick
= 144 in.3
= 1.699 m3/h
= 0.589 ft3/min
Temperature, Measured
F
=
=
C
=
=
Density
1 ft3/lb
1 grain/ft3
1 grain/U.S. gallon
= 98,066.5 pascals (Pa)

= 1 kg force (kgf)/square
centimeter (cm2 )
= 10 m head of water
= 14.22 lb/in.2
1 lb/ft2
= 47.88 Pa
= 0.1924 in. of water
= 4.88 kg/m2
1 ton (t)/in.2
= 13,789 kilopascals (kPa)
= 1.406 kg/mm2
1 in. head of water
= 5.20 lb/ft2
1 m head of water
= 9806 Pa
= 0.1 kg/cm2
1 m head of mercury (Hg) = 133.3 kPa
= 1.360 kg/cm2
= 1333 millibars
1 kg/m2
= 9.806 Pa
= 1 mm head of water
= 0.2048 lb/ft2
1 kg/cm2
= 98.066 kPa
= 735.5 mm Hg
= 0.981 bar
= 14.22 lb/in.2
2
1 kg/mm
= 9.8066 megapascals
(MPa)
= 0.711 t/in2
In these conversions, inches and feet of water are

measured at 62F (16.7C), millimeters and meters of
water at 39.2F (4C), and inches, millimeters, and meters
of mercury at 32F (0C).
T-4

Note: The following steam tables and Fig. 2.2 have been abstracted from ASME International Steam Tables for Industrial Use
(copyright 2000 by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers), based on the IAPWS industrial formulation 1997 for the
Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97)
Table 2.1
SI Properties of Saturated Steam and Saturated Water (Temperature)1

Volume, m3/kg
Evap
Steam
vfg
vg
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Water
Evap
Steam
Hf
Hfg
Hg
Entropy, kJ/(kg K)
Water
Evap
Steam
sf
sfg
sg
Temp
K
Temp
K
Press.
MPa
273.16
0.00061166
0.001000
206.0
206.0
2500.9
2500.9
9.1555
9.1555
273.16
275
280
285
290
295
0.00069845
0.00099182
0.001389
0.001920
0.002621
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001001
0.001002
181.6
130.2
94.61
69.63
51.87
181.6
130.2
94.61
69.63
51.87
7.8
28.8
49.8
70.7
91.7
2496.5
2484.7
2472.8
2461.0
2449.2
2504.3
2513.5
2522.6
2531.7
2540.8
0.0283
0.1041
0.1784
0.2513
0.3228
9.0783
8.8738
8.6766
8.4862
8.3023
9.1066
8.9779
8.8550
8.7375
8.6251
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
0.003537
0.004719
0.006231
0.008145
0.01055
0.001003
0.001005
0.001007
0.001009
0.001011
39.08
29.77
22.90
17.80
13.95
39.08
29.77
22.91
17.80
13.96
112.6
133.5
154.4
175.3
196.2
2437.3
2425.4
2413.5
2401.6
2389.6
2549.9
2558.9
2567.9
2576.8
2585.7
0.3931
0.4622
0.5302
0.5970
0.6629
8.1244
7.9523
7.7856
7.6241
7.4674
8.5175
8.4145
8.3158
8.2211
8.1303
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
0.01353
0.01721
0.02172
0.02719
0.03378
0.04168
0.05108
0.06219
0.07526
0.001013
0.001015
0.001018
0.001021
0.001024
0.001027
0.001030
0.001034
0.001037
11.04
8.805
7.078
5.733
4.677
3.841
3.175
2.641
2.209
11.04
8.806
7.079
5.734
4.678
3.842
3.176
2.642
2.210
217.1
238.0
258.9
279.8
300.8
321.7
342.7
363.7
384.8
2377.5
2365.4
2353.2
2340.9
2328.5
2316.0
2303.4
2290.7
2277.8
2594.6
2603.3
2612.1
2620.7
2629.3
2637.7
2646.1
2654.4
2662.5
0.7277
0.7915
0.8544
0.9164
0.9775
1.0378
1.0973
1.1560
1.2140
7.3154
7.1678
7.0244
6.8849
6.7492
6.6171
6.4884
6.3629
6.2405
8.0431
7.9593
7.8787
7.8013
7.7267
7.6549
7.5857
7.5189
7.4545
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
0.09054
0.1083
0.1289
0.1525
0.1796
0.001041
0.001045
0.001049
0.001053
0.001058
1.858
1.571
1.335
1.140
0.9783
1.859
1.572
1.336
1.141
0.9794
405.8
426.9
448.0
469.2
490.4
2264.8
2251.6
2238.2
2224.7
2210.9
2670.6
2678.5
2686.3
2693.9
2701.3
1.2713
1.3279
1.3838
1.4390
1.4937
6.1209
6.0042
5.8900
5.7783
5.6690
7.3922
7.3320
7.2738
7.2174
7.1627
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
0.2106
0.2458
0.2856
0.3304
0.3808
0.001062
0.001067
0.001072
0.001077
0.001082
0.8429
0.7293
0.6334
0.5522
0.4832
0.8440
0.7303
0.6345
0.5533
0.4842
511.7
532.9
554.3
575.7
597.1
2197.0
2182.8
2168.3
2153.6
2138.7
2708.6
2715.7
2722.6
2729.3
2735.8
1.5477
1.6012
1.6542
1.7065
1.7584
5.5619
5.4569
5.3539
5.2528
5.1534
7.1096
7.0581
7.0080
6.9593
6.9119
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
435
440
0.4372
0.5002
0.5702
0.6478
0.7335
0.001087
0.001093
0.001098
0.001104
0.001110
0.4242
0.3736
0.3300
0.2924
0.2598
0.4253
0.3747
0.3311
0.2935
0.2609
618.7
640.2
661.9
683.6
705.4
2123.4
2107.9
2092.0
2075.8
2059.3
2742.1
2748.1
2753.9
2759.4
2764.7
1.8098
1.8607
1.9112
1.9612
2.0109
5.0558
4.9597
4.8652
4.7720
4.6802
6.8656
6.8205
6.7764
6.7333
6.6911
420
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
0.8281
0.9320
1.046
1.171
1.307
0.001117
0.001123
0.001130
0.001137
0.001144
0.2315
0.2067
0.1850
0.1660
0.1493
0.2326
0.2078
0.1862
0.1672
0.1504
727.3
749.3
771.4
793.5
815.8
2042.4
2025.1
2007.4
1989.4
1970.8
2769.7
2774.4
2778.8
2782.9
2786.7
2.0601
2.1089
2.1574
2.2056
2.2534
4.5897
4.5003
4.4120
4.3247
4.2384
6.6498
6.6092
6.5694
6.5303
6.4918
445
450
455
460
465
470
475
480
490
500
1.455
1.616
1.790
2.183
2.639
0.001152
0.001159
0.001167
0.001185
0.001203
0.1345
0.1214
0.1098
0.09021
0.07457
0.1356
0.1226
0.1110
0.09140
0.07577
838.2
860.7
883.4
929.1
975.5
1951.9
1932.4
1912.5
1871.0
1827.1
2790.1
2793.2
2795.9
2800.1
2802.6
2.3010
2.3483
2.3953
2.4886
2.5811
4.1529
4.0683
3.9843
3.8183
3.6543
6.4539
6.4165
6.3796
6.3069
6.2354
470
475
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
3.165
3.769
4.457
5.237
6.117
0.001223
0.001245
0.001268
0.001294
0.001323
0.06194
0.05167
0.04324
0.03626
0.03045
0.06317
0.05291
0.04451
0.03756
0.03177
1022.5
1070.4
1119.2
1169.1
1220.3
1780.7
1731.5
1679.1
1623.1
1563.0
2803.3
2801.9
2798.3
2792.2
2783.3
2.6731
2.7646
2.8559
2.9473
3.0391
3.4916
3.3298
3.1680
3.0056
2.8418
6.1647
6.0944
6.0240
5.9530
5.8809
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
7.106
8.213
9.448
10.82
12.34
0.001355
0.001392
0.001433
0.001482
0.001540
0.02557
0.02143
0.01790
0.01485
0.01219
0.02692
0.02282
0.01933
0.01633
0.01373
1272.9
1327.2
1383.7
1442.8
1505.2
1498.3
1428.2
1351.6
1267.1
1172.8
2771.2
2755.4
2735.3
2709.9
2678.0
3.1315
3.2250
3.3201
3.4177
3.5188
2.6755
2.5056
2.3303
2.1477
1.9546
5.8070
5.7305
5.6505
5.5654
5.4734
560
570
580
590
600
14.03
15.90
17.97
20.27
22.064
0.001611
0.001704
0.001837
0.002076
0.003106
0.00984
0.007703
0.005688
0.003561
0
0.01145
0.009407
0.007525
0.005637
0
1572.1
1645.7
1730.7
1842.0
2087.5
1065.1
938.2
780.1
552.4
0
2637.3
2583.9
2510.8
2394.4
2087.5
3.6250
3.7396
3.8697
4.0378
4.4120
1.7461
1.5133
1.2382
0.8632
0
5.3711
5.2528
5.1079
4.9010
4.4120
610
620
630
640
647.0960
Water
vf
610
620
630
640
647.0960
1. U.S. Customary steam tables are provided in Chapter 2, Table 1.

2. In the balance of Steam, enthalpy is denoted by H in place of h to avoid confusion with heat transfer coefficient.
T-5
Table 2.2
SI Properties of Saturated Steam and Saturated Water (Pressure)
Press.
MPa
Temp
K
0.00080
0.0010
0.0012
0.0014
0.0016
0.0018
0.0020
0.0025
0.0030
0.0040
0.0050
0.0060
0.0080
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.080
0.10
0.101325
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.80
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10
11
12
13
14
16
18
20
22.064
276.911
280.120
282.804
285.119
287.160
288.988
290.645
294.228
297.23
302.11
306.03
309.31
314.66
318.96
322.57
325.70
328.46
330.95
333.21
338.11
342.25
349.01
354.47
359.08
366.64
372.76
373.12
377.93
382.44
386.45
390.06
393.36
400.56
406.68
416.76
424.99
431.98
443.56
453.04
461.11
468.20
474.53
480.27
485.53
497.11
507.01
523.51
537.09
548.74
558.98
568.16
584.15
591.23
597.83
604.01
609.82
620.51
630.14
638.90
647.096
Volume, m3/kg
Water
Evap
Steam
vf
vfg
vg
0.001000
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001001
0.001001
0.001001
0.001002
0.001003
0.001004
0.001005
0.001006
0.001008
0.001010
0.001012
0.001013
0.001015
0.001016
0.001017
0.001020
0.001022
0.001026
0.001030
0.001033
0.001038
0.001043
0.001043
0.001047
0.001051
0.001054
0.001058
0.001061
0.001067
0.001073
0.001084
0.001093
0.001101
0.001115
0.001127
0.001139
0.001149
0.001159
0.001168
0.001177
0.001197
0.001217
0.001253
0.001286
0.001319
0.001352
0.001385
0.001453
0.001489
0.001526
0.001566
0.001610
0.001710
0.001839
0.002039
0.003106
159.6
159.6
129.2
129.2
108.7
108.7
93.90
93.90
82.75
82.75
74.01
74.01
66.99
66.99
54.24
54.24
45.65
45.66
34.79
34.79
28.19
28.19
23.73
23.73
18.10
18.10
14.67
14.67
12.36
12.36
10.69
10.69
9.430
9.431
8.442
8.443
7.647
7.648
6.202
6.203
5.228
5.229
3.992
3.993
3.239
3.240
2.731
2.732
2.086
2.087
1.693
1.694
1.672
1.673
1.427
1.428
1.236
1.237
1.090
1.091
0.97648
0.97753
0.88467
0.88574
0.71763
0.71870
0.60471
0.60579
0.46131
0.46239
0.37371
0.37480
0.31447
0.31558
0.23921
0.24033
0.19322
0.19435
0.16211
0.16325
0.13962
0.14077
0.12257
0.12373
0.10919
0.11036
0.09840
0.09958
0.07875
0.07995
0.06545
0.06666
0.04852
0.04978
0.03816
0.03945
0.03113
0.03245
0.02603
0.02738
0.02214
0.02353
0.01658
0.01803
0.01451
0.01599
0.01274
0.01427
0.01122
0.01279
0.00988
0.01149
0.00760
0.00931
0.00566
0.00750
0.00382
0.00586
0.0
0.00311
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Water
Evap
Steam
Hf
Hfg
Hg
Entropy, kJ/(kg K)
Water
Evap
Steam
sf
sfg
sg
15.8
29.3
40.6
50.3
58.8
66.5
73.4
88.4
101.0
121.4
137.8
151.5
173.9
191.8
206.9
220.0
231.6
241.9
251.4
271.9
289.2
317.6
340.5
359.8
391.6
417.4
419.0
439.3
458.4
475.3
490.7
504.7
535.4
561.5
604.7
640.2
670.5
721.0
762.7
798.5
830.1
858.6
884.6
908.6
962.0
1008.4
1087.4
1154.5
1213.7
1267.4
1317.1
1407.9
1450.3
1491.3
1531.4
1570.9
1649.7
1732.0
1827.1
2087.5
0.0575
0.1059
0.1460
0.1802
0.2101
0.2366
0.2606
0.3119
0.3543
0.4224
0.4763
0.5209
0.5925
0.6492
0.6963
0.7366
0.7720
0.8035
0.8320
0.8931
0.9439
1.0259
1.0910
1.1452
1.2328
1.3026
1.3067
1.3608
1.4109
1.4549
1.4944
1.5301
1.6072
1.6718
1.7766
1.8606
1.9311
2.0460
2.1384
2.2163
2.2839
2.3438
2.3978
2.4470
2.5544
2.6456
2.7967
2.9207
3.0274
3.1220
3.2077
3.3603
3.4300
3.4965
3.5606
3.6230
3.7457
3.8717
4.0154
4.4120
2492.0
2484.4
2478.0
2472.5
2467.7
2463.4
2459.5
2451.0
2443.9
2432.3
2423.0
2415.2
2402.4
2392.1
2383.4
2375.8
2369.1
2363.1
2357.5
2345.5
2335.3
2318.5
2304.7
2293.0
2273.5
2257.5
2256.5
2243.8
2231.6
2220.7
2210.7
2201.6
2181.2
2163.4
2133.3
2107.9
2085.6
2047.3
2014.4
1985.3
1958.8
1934.3
1911.4
1889.8
1840.1
1794.9
1713.5
1639.7
1570.8
1505.1
1441.5
1317.6
1256.1
1194.3
1131.5
1067.2
931.1
777.5
584.3
0.0
2507.8
2513.7
2518.6
2522.8
2526.6
2529.9
2532.9
2539.4
2544.9
2553.7
2560.8
2566.7
2576.2
2583.9
2590.3
2595.8
2600.7
2605.0
2608.9
2617.4
2624.6
2636.1
2645.2
2652.9
2665.2
2674.9
2675.5
2683.1
2690.0
2696.0
2701.4
2706.2
2716.5
2724.9
2738.1
2748.1
2756.1
2768.3
2777.1
2783.8
2788.9
2792.9
2796.0
2798.4
2802.0
2803.3
2800.9
2794.2
2784.6
2772.6
2758.6
2725.5
2706.4
2685.6
2662.9
2638.1
2580.8
2509.5
2411.4
2087.5
8.9992
8.8690
8.7624
8.6720
8.5935
8.5242
8.4621
8.3303
8.2222
8.0510
7.9177
7.8083
7.6349
7.4997
7.3887
7.2945
7.2127
7.1403
7.0753
6.9371
6.8235
6.6431
6.5020
6.3859
6.2011
6.0562
6.0477
5.9369
5.8352
5.7464
5.6677
5.5968
5.4452
5.3198
5.1188
4.9600
4.8281
4.6156
4.4465
4.3054
4.1836
4.0762
3.9798
3.8921
3.7015
3.5402
3.2731
3.0530
2.8626
2.6926
2.5372
2.2556
2.1246
1.9977
1.8733
1.7500
1.5006
1.2339
0.9145
0.0
9.0567
8.9749
8.9083
8.8521
8.8036
8.7609
8.7227
8.6422
8.5766
8.4735
8.3939
8.3291
8.2274
8.1489
8.0850
8.0312
7.9847
7.9437
7.9072
7.8302
7.7675
7.6690
7.5930
7.5311
7.4339
7.3588
7.3544
7.2976
7.2460
7.2014
7.1620
7.1269
7.0524
6.9916
6.8954
6.8206
6.7592
6.6615
6.5850
6.5217
6.4675
6.4200
6.3776
6.3392
6.2560
6.1858
6.0697
5.9737
5.8901
5.8146
5.7448
5.6159
5.5545
5.4941
5.4339
5.3730
5.2463
5.1055
4.9299
4.4120
1. See Note 1, Table 2.1

2. See Note 2, Table 2.1
T-6
0.001000
7.763
0.0283
0.001000
7.769
0.0283
0.001000
7.779
0.0283
0.001000
7.799
0.0283
0.001000
7.830
0.0283
0.001000
7.861
0.0283
0.001000
7.961
0.0283
0.001000
8.163
0.0283
0.001000
8.364
0.0283
0.001000
8.566
0.0283
0.001000
8.768
0.0283
0.000999
9.272
0.0284
0.000999
9.776
0.0284
0.000999
10.279
0.0284
0.000999
10.782
0.0284
0.000998
11.284
0.0284
0.000998
11.786
0.0284
v,m3/kg
0.004 H,kJ/kg
(302.11) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.01 H,kJ/kg
(318.96) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.02 H,kJ/kg
(333.21) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.04 H,kJ/kg
(349.10) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.07 H,kJ/kg
(363.08) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
0.002
(290.65)
v,m3/kg
0.2 H,kJ/kg
(393.36) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.4 H,kJ/kg
(416.76) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.6 H,kJ/kg
(431.98) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
0.8 H,kJ/kg
(443.56) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
1 H,kJ/kg
(453.04) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
1.5 H,kJ/kg
(471.45) s,kJ/(kg K)
2 v,m3/kg
(485.53) H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
2.5 v,m3/kg
(497.11) H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
3 v,m3/kg
(507.01) H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
3.5 v,m3/kg
(515.71) H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
4 v,m3/kg
(523.51) H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
1. See Notes 1 and 2, Table 2.1
0.101325
(373.12)
0.001000
7.761
0.0283
v,m3/kg
H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
0.001
(280.12)
275
0.001000
7.760
0.0283
v,m3/kg
H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
Pressure MPa
(sat. temp.)
0.001002
116.250
0.3920
0.001002
115.791
0.3922
0.001002
115.331
0.3923
0.001002
114.872
0.3924
0.001003
114.412
0.3926
0.001003
113.952
0.3927
0.001003
113.492
0.3928
0.001003
113.308
0.3929
0.001003
113.124
0.3930
0.001003
112.940
0.3930
0.001003
112.756
0.3931
0.001003
112.665
0.3931
0.001003
112.636
0.3931
0.001003
112.609
0.3931
0.001003
112.590
0.3931
0.001003
112.581
0.3931
0.001003
112.575
0.3931
69.16
2550.6
8.7826
138.4
2551.0
9.1037
300
0.001025
324.910
1.0353
0.001025
324.508
1.0356
0.001026
324.107
1.0359
0.001026
323.705
1.0362
0.001026
323.304
1.0366
0.001026
322.903
1.0369
0.001027
322.501
1.0372
0.001027
322.341
1.0373
0.001027
322.180
1.0375
0.001027
322.020
1.0376
0.001027
321.859
1.0377
0.001027
321.780
1.0378
0.001027
321.755
1.0378
4.005
2638.0
7.6747
8.044
2641.6
8.0029
16.121
2643.3
8.3268
40.351
2644.3
8.7520
80.73
2644.7
9.0727
161.5
2644.9
9.3930
0.001065
535.523
1.5977
0.001065
535.179
1.5981
0.001065
534.835
1.5986
0.001065
534.492
1.5991
0.001066
534.149
1.5996
0.001066
533.806
1.6000
0.001066
533.463
1.6005
0.001066
533.326
1.6007
0.001066
533.189
1.6009
0.001067
533.052
1.6011
0.903
2720.5
7.1629
1.802
2730.3
7.4961
2.618
2733.2
7.6726
4.596
2736.0
7.9363
9.211
2737.8
8.2597
18.442
2738.7
8.5814
46.133
2739.2
9.0053
92.29
2739.4
9.3256
184.6
2739.5
9.6456
0.001121
750.890
2.1048
0.001121
750.629
2.1055
0.001121
750.367
2.1062
0.001122
750.107
2.1068
0.001122
749.847
2.1075
0.001123
749.587
2.1082
0.001123
749.328
2.1089
0.2450
2784.7
6.6982
0.3320
2798.8
6.8560
0.5054
2811.9
7.0659
1.025
2824.0
7.4068
2.037
2829.7
7.7303
2.954
2831.4
7.9039
5.179
2833.1
8.1650
10.371
2834.2
8.4868
20.756
2834.7
8.8076
51.909
2835.1
9.2311
103.83
2835.2
9.5512
207.7
2835.2
9.8712
0.001201
975.761
2.5785
0.001202
975.651
2.5794
0.001202
975.542
2.5804
0.080796
2811.705
6.2754
0.104394
2841.382
6.4265
0.143300
2867.592
6.6009
0.220627
2891.277
6.8251
0.2785
2900.1
6.9417
0.3748
2908.7
7.0876
0.5672
2916.9
7.2872
1.144
2924.8
7.6191
2.268
2928.5
7.9386
3.287
2929.7
8.1111
5.760
2930.8
8.3710
11.529
2931.6
8.6920
23.067
2932.0
9.0125
57.681
2932.2
9.4357
115.37
2932.3
9.7557
230.8
2932.3
10.0757
0.0549
2893.1
6.2417
0.0642
2914.0
6.3337
0.0765
2933.7
6.4331
0.0936
2952.2
6.5436
0.1192
2969.7
6.6713
0.1616
2986.2
6.8272
0.2464
3001.9
7.0360
0.3099
3007.9
7.1473
0.4158
3013.9
7.2881
0.6274
3019.6
7.4832
1.262
3025.3
7.8107
2.498
3028.1
8.1283
3.619
3028.9
8.3001
6.339
3029.8
8.5595
12.685
3030.3
8.8802
25.377
3030.6
9.2005
63.453
3030.7
9.6236
126.91
3030.8
9.9436
253.8
3030.8
10.2635
0.0631
3034.3
6.4877
0.0730
3047.8
6.5668
0.0863
3060.9
6.6546
0.1048
3073.5
6.7548
0.1326
3085.7
6.8733
0.1788
3097.5
7.0209
0.2712
3109.0
7.2224
0.3405
3113.5
7.3309
0.4559
3117.9
7.4692
0.6867
3122.3
7.6618
1.379
3126.6
7.9870
2.727
3128.7
8.3035
3.950
3129.4
8.4750
6.917
3130.0
8.7340
13.840
3130.5
9.0545
27.686
3130.7
9.3746
69.223
3130.8
9.7977
138.45
3130.8
10.1176
276.9
3130.9
10.4376
0.0703
3159.1
6.6877
0.0810
3168.9
6.7608
0.0953
3178.5
6.8431
0.1154
3188.0
6.9382
0.1454
3197.2
7.0518
0.1954
3206.3
7.1950
0.2955
3215.2
7.3924
0.3705
3218.7
7.4994
0.4955
3222.2
7.6361
0.7455
3225.6
7.8272
1.495
3229.1
8.1510
2.956
3230.8
8.4668
4.281
3231.3
8.6381
7.495
3231.8
8.8970
14.995
3232.2
9.2172
29.995
3232.3
9.5373
74.994
3232.4
9.9604
149.99
3232.5
10.2803
300.0
3232.5
10.6002
Table 2.3 (Part 1 of 2)
0.0770
3277.3
6.8629
0.0886
3284.9
6.9327
0.1040
3292.5
7.0120
0.1255
3299.9
7.1041
0.1579
3307.2
7.2149
0.2117
3314.5
7.3554
0.3194
3321.6
7.5502
0.4002
3324.5
7.6562
0.5348
3327.3
7.7920
0.8040
3330.1
7.9821
1.612
3332.9
8.3050
3.185
3334.3
8.6203
4.612
3334.8
8.7914
8.073
3335.2
9.0501
16.150
3335.5
9.3703
32.303
3335.6
9.6904
80.763
3335.7
10.1134
161.53
3335.7
10.4333
323.1
3335.7
10.7532
0.0835
3392.8
7.0222
0.0959
3398.9
7.0900
0.1124
3405.0
7.1673
0.1355
3411.1
7.2575
0.1701
3417.1
7.3665
0.2278
3423.0
7.5052
0.3432
3428.9
7.6982
0.4297
3431.3
7.8036
0.5739
3433.6
7.9387
0.8624
3436.0
8.1281
1.728
3438.3
8.4503
3.413
3439.5
8.7653
4.942
3439.8
8.9364
8.651
3440.2
9.1950
17.304
3440.4
9.5151
34.611
3440.5
9.8352
86.533
3440.6
10.2581
173.07
3440.6
10.5780
346.1
3440.6
10.8980
0.0898
3507.3
7.1700
0.1030
3512.4
7.2364
0.1206
3517.4
7.3124
0.1452
3522.5
7.4013
0.1821
3527.5
7.5090
0.2437
3532.5
7.6464
0.3668
3537.4
7.8382
0.4591
3539.4
7.9431
0.6129
3541.4
8.0777
0.9206
3543.3
8.2667
1.844
3545.3
8.5884
3.641
3546.3
8.9032
5.272
3546.6
9.0741
9.228
3546.9
9.3327
18.459
3547.0
9.6528
36.920
3547.1
9.9728
92.303
3547.2
10.3957
184.61
3547.2
10.7156
369.2
3547.2
11.0356
0.0960
3621.7
7.3088
0.1100
3626.0
7.3742
0.1287
3630.3
7.4492
0.1549
3634.5
7.5372
0.1941
3638.8
7.6439
0.2595
3643.0
7.7805
0.3903
3647.2
7.9714
0.4883
3648.9
8.0758
0.6518
3650.6
8.2101
0.9787
3652.2
8.3987
1.959
3653.9
8.7201
3.870
3654.7
9.0347
5.602
3655.0
9.2056
9.805
3655.3
9.4641
19.613
3655.4
9.7842
39.228
3655.5
10.1041
98.072
3655.6
10.5271
196.15
3655.6
10.8470
392.3
3655.6
11.1669
0.1021
3736.7
7.4402
0.1170
3740.3
7.5049
0.1368
3744.0
7.5792
0.1644
3747.6
7.6664
0.2060
3751.3
7.7725
0.2752
3754.9
7.9084
0.4137
3758.5
8.0986
0.5175
3759.9
8.2028
0.6906
3761.4
8.3368
1.0367
3762.8
8.5251
2.075
3764.3
8.8463
4.098
3765.0
9.1607
5.932
3765.2
9.3316
10.383
3765.4
9.5900
20.767
3765.6
9.9101
41.536
3765.6
10.2300
103.842
3765.7
10.6529
207.69
3765.7
10.9729
415.4
3765.7
11.2928
SI Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water (Temperature and Pressure)1

Temperature, K
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
0.1082
3852.5
7.5654
0.1238
3855.6
7.6296
0.1447
3858.8
7.7033
0.1740
3861.9
7.7900
0.2178
3865.1
7.8956
0.2909
3868.2
8.0309
0.4370
3871.3
8.2206
0.5466
3872.6
8.3246
0.7293
3873.8
8.4584
1.0947
3875.1
8.6465
2.191
3876.3
8.9674
4.326
3876.9
9.2818
6.262
3877.1
9.4526
10.960
3877.3
9.7110
21.921
3877.4
10.0310
43.844
3877.5
10.3510
109.611
3877.5
10.7739
219.22
3877.6
11.0938
438.4
3877.6
11.4137
950
0.1142
3969.3
7.6852
0.1307
3972.1
7.7490
0.1527
3974.8
7.8223
0.1834
3977.6
7.9086
0.2296
3980.3
8.0138
0.3065
3983.0
8.1487
0.4603
3985.8
8.3380
0.5757
3986.9
8.4418
0.7680
3988.0
8.5754
1.1526
3989.0
8.7634
2.306
3990.1
9.0842
4.554
3990.7
9.3984
6.592
3990.8
9.5692
11.537
3991.0
9.8276
23.075
3991.1
10.1476
46.151
3991.2
10.4676
115.380
3991.2
10.8905
230.76
3991.2
11.2104
461.5
3991.2
11.5303
1000
0.1261
4206.7
7.9115
0.1442
4208.9
7.9747
0.1684
4211.0
8.0474
0.2023
4213.2
8.1331
0.2530
4215.3
8.2377
0.3376
4217.5
8.3721
0.5069
4219.6
8.5608
0.6338
4220.4
8.6644
0.8453
4221.3
8.7978
1.2684
4222.2
8.9855
2.538
4223.0
9.3061
5.010
4223.4
9.6202
7.252
4223.6
9.7910
12.691
4223.7
10.0494
25.383
4223.8
10.3693
50.767
4223.8
10.6893
126.919
4223.8
11.1122
253.84
4223.8
11.4321
507.7
4223.9
11.7520
1100
0.1379
4449.7
8.1228
0.1577
4451.4
8.1857
0.1841
4453.1
8.2580
0.2210
4454.8
8.3434
0.2764
4456.6
8.4476
0.3687
4458.3
8.5815
0.5533
4460.0
8.7699
0.6918
4460.7
8.8733
0.9225
4461.3
9.0066
1.3840
4462.0
9.1942
2.769
4462.7
9.5146
5.465
4463.0
9.8287
7.911
4463.2
9.9994
13.845
4463.3
10.2578
27.691
4463.3
10.5777
55.383
4463.4
10.8977
138.457
4463.4
11.3206
276.92
4463.4
11.6405
553.8
4463.4
11.9604
1200
T-7
T-8
0.0010
15.79
0.0285
0.0010
17.78
0.0285
0.0010
22.74
0.0285
0.0010
27.67
0.0283
0.0010
29.70
0.0283
0.0010
32.57
0.0281
0.0010
37.43
0.0279
0.0010
42.26
0.0276
0.0010
47.06
0.0271
0.0010
51.83
0.0267
0.0010
56.57
0.0261
0.0010
61.29
0.0256
0.0010
65.98
0.0249
0.0010
70.64
0.0242
0.0010
75.28
0.0234
0.0010
79.90
0.0226
0.0010
84.49
0.0217
0.0010
102.62
0.0178
v,m3/kg
5 H,kJ/kg
(537.09) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
8 H,kJ/kg
(568.16) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
10 H,kJ/kg
(584.15) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
15 H,kJ/kg
(615.31) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
20 H,kJ/kg
(638.9) s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
25 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
30 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
35 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
40 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
45 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
50 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
55 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
60 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
65 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
70 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
75 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
80 H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
v,m3/kg
H,kJ/kg
s,kJ/(kg K)
1. See Notes 1 and 2, Table 2.1
100
22.064
(647.1)
275
0.0010
12.79
0.0284
Pressure MPa
(sat. temp.)
300
0.0010
201.46
0.3618
0.0010
184.14
0.3686
0.0010
179.78
0.3702
0.0010
175.41
0.3719
0.0010
171.02
0.3735
0.0010
166.61
0.3751
0.0010
162.20
0.3767
0.0010
157.77
0.3783
0.0010
153.32
0.3799
0.0010
148.86
0.3814
0.0010
144.38
0.3830
0.0010
139.89
0.3845
0.0010
135.38
0.3860
0.0010
132.72
0.3868
0.0010
130.85
0.3874
0.0010
126.31
0.3889
0.0010
121.75
0.3903
0.0010
119.92
0.3909
0.0010
117.17
0.391737
0.0010
401.71
0.9791
0.0010
385.78
0.9901
0.0010
381.79
0.9929
0.0010
377.80
0.9958
0.0010
373.80
0.9986
0.0010
369.80
1.0015
0.0010
365.80
1.0044
0.0010
361.80
1.0073
0.0010
357.80
1.0102
0.0010
353.79
1.0132
0.0010
349.78
1.0162
0.0010
345.77
1.0192
0.0010
341.76
1.0222
0.0010
339.41
1.0240
0.0010
337.75
1.0253
0.0010
333.74
1.0284
0.0010
329.73
1.0315
0.0010
328.12
1.0328
0.0010
325.71
1.0347
0.0010
603.78
1.5187
0.0010
589.29
1.5336
0.0010
585.69
1.5374
0.0010
582.09
1.5413
0.0010
578.50
1.5452
0.0010
574.91
1.5492
0.0010
571.34
1.5532
0.0010
567.77
1.5573
0.0010
564.22
1.5614
0.0010
560.67
1.5656
0.0010
557.14
1.5699
0.0011
553.62
1.5742
0.0011
550.11
1.5785
0.0011
548.05
1.5811
0.0011
546.61
1.5830
0.0011
543.13
1.5875
0.0011
539.66
1.5921
0.0011
538.28
1.5939
0.0011
536.21
1.5967
0.0011
807.98
1.9996
0.0011
795.28
2.0187
0.0011
792.15
2.0237
0.0011
789.05
2.0288
0.0011
785.97
2.0339
0.0011
782.91
2.0391
0.0011
779.88
2.0444
0.0011
776.88
2.0498
0.0011
773.90
2.0553
0.0011
770.96
2.0609
0.0011
768.05
2.0666
0.0011
765.17
2.0724
0.0011
762.33
2.0784
0.0011
760.69
2.0819
0.0011
759.54
2.0844
0.0011
756.78
2.0907
0.0011
754.07
2.0970
0.0011
753.00
2.0996
0.0011
751.42
2.1035
0.0011
1015.39
2.4366
0.0011
1005.17
2.4609
0.0011
1002.72
2.4673
0.0011
1000.33
2.4739
0.0011
997.99
2.4805
0.0011
995.70
2.4874
0.0011
993.48
2.4944
0.0012
991.32
2.5015
0.0012
989.23
2.5089
0.0012
987.22
2.5164
0.0012
985.30
2.5242
0.0012
983.5
2.5322
0.0012
981.7
2.5405
0.0012
980.8
2.5455
0.0012
980.1
2.5490
0.0012
978.6
2.5578
0.0012
977.21
2.5670
0.0012
976.70
2.5708
0.0012
975.99
2.5765
0.0012
1227.99
2.8418
0.0012
1221.50
2.8732
0.0012
1220.11
2.8816
0.0012
1218.84
2.8903
0.0012
1217.70
2.8992
0.0012
1216.68
2.9084
0.0012
1215.8
2.9180
0.0012
1215.1
2.9280
0.0012
1214.6
2.9383
0.0013
1214.3
2.9490
0.0013
1214.2
2.9603
0.0013
1214.4
2.9721
0.0013
1214.8
2.9845
0.0013
1215.3
2.9922
0.0013
1215.6
2.9977
0.0013
1216.9
3.0117
0.0013
1218.5
3.0266
0.0013
1219.4
3.0329
0.0418
2846.5
6.0698
0.0013
1448.46
3.2253
0.0013
1448.06
3.2673
0.0013
1448.5
3.2789
0.0013
1449.2
3.2910
0.0013
1450.2
3.3036
0.0013
1451.6
3.3170
0.0013
1453.3
3.3311
0.0014
1455.6
3.3461
0.0014
1458.3
3.3621
0.0014
1461.7
3.3793
0.0014
1466.0
3.3980
0.0014
1471.2
3.4186
0.0015
1477.8
3.4416
0.0015
1482.5
3.4566
0.0015
1486.3
3.4679
0.0015
1497.5
3.4992
0.0201
2819.8
5.7754
0.0276
2905.5
5.9969
0.0490
3005.8
6.3477
0.0014
1679.5
3.5950
0.0014
1689.7
3.6539
0.0014
1693.5
3.6709
0.0015
1698.1
3.6892
0.0015
1703.6
3.7089
0.0015
1710.1
3.7305
0.0015
1718.0
3.7543
0.0016
1727.6
3.7811
0.0016
1739.6
3.8118
0.0017
1755.1
3.8482
0.0017
1776.3
3.8937
0.0018
1808.5
3.9569
0.0020
1876.4
4.0760
0.0054
2418.6
4.9231
0.0079
2624.9
5.2618
0.0140
2868.6
5.7198
0.0247
3022.5
6.1007
0.0324
3072.4
6.2645
0.0552
3138.9
6.5609
Table 2.3 (Part 2 of 2)
0.0015
1924.9
3.9586
0.0016
1954.3
4.0459
0.0017
1965.2
4.0732
0.0017
1978.2
4.1040
0.0018
1994.1
4.1391
0.0018
2014.0
4.1804
0.0019
2039.9
4.2308
0.0020
2075.5
4.2956
0.0022
2129.0
4.3873
0.0026
2222.5
4.5379
0.0036
2402.0
4.8159
0.0054
2631.5
5.1754
0.0080
2817.3
5.4884
0.0099
2906.0
5.6524
0.0116
2961.6
5.7635
0.0173
3078.8
6.0322
0.0283
3177.3
6.3304
0.0365
3212.6
6.4724
0.0608
3261.8
6.7431
0.0018
2188.4
4.3221
0.0020
2251.1
4.4552
0.0021
2275.0
4.5005
0.0022
2304.5
4.5539
0.0023
2341.8
4.6184
0.0025
2390.0
4.6986
0.0028
2453.4
4.8008
0.0032
2536.4
4.9314
0.0039
2639.2
5.0920
0.0048
2754.1
5.2741
0.0061
2868.9
5.4635
0.0079
2976.2
5.6529
0.0103
3074.0
5.8434
0.0122
3127.0
5.9580
0.0139
3162.4
6.0410
0.0198
3242.2
6.2579
0.0314
3314.6
6.5199
0.0401
3341.6
6.6505
0.0662
3380.3
6.9067
0.0021
2466.7
4.6813
0.0025
2567.9
4.8640
0.0026
2605.0
4.9265
0.0029
2648.9
4.9985
0.0031
2700.4
5.0815
0.0035
2759.7
5.1764
0.0040
2826.6
5.2833
0.0046
2898.8
5.4003
0.0054
2973.9
5.5251
0.0064
3049.3
5.6560
0.0077
3123.2
5.7924
0.0095
3194.4
5.9350
0.0120
3262.2
6.0867
0.0140
3300.4
6.1820
0.0158
3326.5
6.2530
0.0220
3386.9
6.4447
0.0344
3443.7
6.6866
0.0436
3465.4
6.8103
0.0713
3497.0
7.0573
0.0025
2743.0
5.0163
0.0031
2864.7
5.2241
0.0033
2904.4
5.2898
0.0036
2948.2
5.3617
0.0040
2995.7
5.4400
0.0044
3046.3
5.5244
0.0050
3099.2
5.6144
0.0057
3153.7
5.7097
0.0065
3208.8
5.8103
0.0076
3263.9
5.9165
0.0090
3318.4
6.0293
0.0109
3371.8
6.1503
0.0135
3423.8
6.2827
0.0156
3453.6
6.3679
0.0175
3474.1
6.4321
0.0240
3522.4
6.6090
0.0371
3568.7
6.8382
0.0470
3586.7
6.9574
0.0764
3613.1
7.1980
0.0029
3000.5
5.3109
0.0037
3120.2
5.5164
0.0040
3155.8
5.5774
0.0043
3193.5
5.6424
0.0048
3232.8
5.7114
0.0053
3273.6
5.7845
0.0058
3315.5
5.8618
0.0066
3358.2
5.9437
0.0075
3401.4
6.0306
0.0086
3444.6
6.1232
0.0101
3487.6
6.2229
0.0121
3530.2
6.3315
0.0148
3572.1
6.4523
0.0171
3596.3
6.5310
0.0190
3613.1
6.5910
0.0259
3653.0
6.7583
0.0398
3691.7
6.9788
0.0502
3706.9
7.0948
0.0814
3729.3
7.3309
SI Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water (Temperature and Pressure)1

Temperature, K
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
0.0033
3231.5
5.5607
0.0043
3340.0
5.7543
0.0046
3370.5
5.8096
0.0050
3402.1
5.8681
0.0054
3434.8
5.9298
0.0060
3468.3
5.9951
0.0066
3502.5
6.0641
0.0074
3537.3
6.1374
0.0083
3572.4
6.2156
0.0095
3607.7
6.2997
0.0111
3643.0
6.3909
0.0132
3678.1
6.4914
0.0161
3712.8
6.6045
0.0184
3733.0
6.6789
0.0205
3747.1
6.7360
0.0278
3780.8
6.8966
0.0424
3813.8
7.1109
0.0534
3826.8
7.2245
0.0863
3846.1
7.4572
0.0038
3440.4
5.7751
0.0048
3535.3
5.9547
0.0051
3561.3
6.0055
0.0056
3588.1
6.0590
0.0060
3615.6
6.1155
0.0066
3643.8
6.1752
0.0073
3672.4
6.2385
0.0081
3701.5
6.3059
0.0091
3730.9
6.3782
0.0104
3760.4
6.4564
0.0120
3790.1
6.5418
0.0142
3819.7
6.6366
0.0173
3849.1
6.7443
0.0197
3866.3
6.8157
0.0219
3878.4
6.8706
0.0296
3907.3
7.0263
0.0450
3935.8
7.2359
0.0565
3947.0
7.3478
0.0911
3963.8
7.5779
1000
0.0500
4180.7
7.4694
0.0626
4189.4
7.5788
0.1007
4202.4
7.8053
1100
0.0548
4429.0
7.6854
0.0687
4435.9
7.7932
0.1102
4446.2
8.0174
1200
Fig. 2.1 Mollier diagram (H-s) for steam SI units.
T-9
Fig. 2.2 Pressure-enthalpy diagram for steam SI units.
T-10
Fig. 2.3 Psychrometric chart SI units.
T-11
Fig. 3.1 Temperature-enthalpy diagram (MPa = 0.006895 psi).
Fig. 3.2 Estimates of the weight of air required for selected fuels
and excess air levels.
T-12
Fig. 3.3 Estimates of the weight of the products of combustion for

selected fuels and excess air levels.
Fig. 3.6 Estimates of theoretical air required for the combustion of

coal based on volatile matter contents.
Fig. 3.4 Estimates of the percent total air for flue gas percent
oxygen for selected fuels.
Table 3.1
SO2, SO3 Estimated Emissions from
Boilers Firing Coal or Fuel Oil
SO2:
lb SO2 produced/lb fuel = K
lb SO2 produced/h
= K
% SO2 by weight
lb sulfur
lb fuel
64 lb SO2/mole
32 lb sulfur/mole
lb fuel
% sulfur in fuel x 2
100
lb SO2/h x 102
lb flue gas/h
ppm SO2 by weight = (% SO2 by weight) x 104

% SO2 by volume
100 (% SO2 by weight/64)

(% SO2 by weight) 100(% SO2 by weight)
+
64
M
ppm SO2 by volume = % SO2 by volume x 104

where K = 0.95 Cyclone furnace firing
0.97 dry bottom PC firing
0.99 oil firing
M = molecular weight of flue gas
30.2 coal firing
29.0 oil firing
Fig. 3.5 Estimates of efficiency loss due to unburned combustibles

for selected fuels and ash contents.
SO3:
SO3 quantity
= 1% of SO2 quantity (coal firing)

= 2% of SO2 quantity (oil firing)
T-13

Table 3.2
Conversion Formulae for Emission Rates

EPA F-Factor Method
A common method of reporting emissions is in pounds of
pollutant per million Btu of fuel input. An EPA-approved
conversion formula called the dry, oxygen based F-factor
method can be used to convert ppm by dry volume of a
pollutant to lb/106 Btu as follows:
2.59 x 109 = A constant based on the ideal gas law that

equals 106 moles per DSCF. The ideal gas law, PV=nRT,
says that 1 mole of ideal gas will occupy 385.5 ft3 at 68F
and 14.7 psia. 106 moles would, therefore, occupy 385.5 x 106
ft3 and 106 moles per DSCF = 1/385.5 x 106 = 2.59 x 109.
lb
20.9
= ppmdv
F 2.59 109 M
106 Btu
( 20.9 - %O2dv ) d
M = the molecular weight of the pollutant being measured

(lb/lb-mole), where
where: Fd = a fuel factor representing the dry standard

cubic feet (DSCF) of flue gas produced by burning a million
Btu of fuel at theoretical air (0% excess air). Standard
conditions are 68F and 14.7 psia. Fd can be calculated from
an ultimate fuel analysis, or a fuel specific default value
may be used as follows:
Fd =
Pollutant
Expressed as
Equivalent
NOx
CO
SO2
VOC
SO3
NO2
CO
SO2
CH4
SO3
46.01
28.01
64.06
16.04
80.06
1, 000, 000 3.64 ( % H ) + 1.53 ( % C ) + 0.57 ( % S ) + 0.14 ( % N ) 0.46 ( % O )

Higher heating value, Btu/lb
Note: The percentage by weight of each constituent in the

above equation is acquired from an ultimate fuel
analysis and must be on the same basis as the
higher heating value (both wet or both dry).
Fuel Type
ppmdv
= the parts per million of pollutant in the

flue gas measured on a dry volume basis.
20.9
factor for the amount of excess

(20.9 % O2dv ) = aaircorrection
as measured by percent O2 on a dry
Fd Default Values
volume basis in the flue gas.
Refuse (Municipal solid waste)

9,570
Bituminous and subbituminous coal 9,780
Anthracite
10,100
Lignite
9,860
Natural gas
8,710
Fuel oils
9,190
Black liquor
8,800
Wood
9,400
Additional Conversion Methods
Instructions: Multiply the given pollutant value by the factor listed to convert to the units listed in the left-hand column.
Given Value
ppm (dry vol.)
grains/DSCF
ppm (dry vol.)
5.504 x 10
(M)
grains/DSCF
1.817 x 10-5 (M)
mg/DSCM
4.157 x 10-2 (M)
2.288 x 10
mg/Nm3
4.461 x 10 (M)
2.455 x 10
(M)(N)
5.506 x 10 (N)
(HI)
23.716 (N)
(HI)
lb/106 Btu
ng/Joule*
-2
1 x 10 (HI)
4.308 x 10-4 (M)(N)
(HI)
mg/DSCM
2.321 x 103 (HI)

(M)(N)
4.074 x 10 -4
18.162 (HI)
(N)
4.217 x 10-2 (HI)

(N)
0.932
4.156 x 10 (HI)
(N)
1.073
2.406 x 10 (N)
(HI)
1.037 x 10-2 (N)
(HI)
-4
-5
ng/Joule*
1 x 10 (HI)
(M)(N)
grains/DSCF = grains per dry standard cubic foot (68F and

29.92 in. Hg)
mg/DSCM = milligrams per dry standard cubic meter
(68F and 29.92 in. Hg)
mg/Nm3 = milligrams per normal cubic meter (0C and
760 mm Hg)
lb/106 Btu = pounds per million Btu, fuel heat input
(HHV basis)
ng/Joule = nanograms per Joule, fuel heat input (HHV
basis)
* Caution: Should not be used for conversion
calculations when ng/Joule is stated as an
electrical output based standard.
T-14
lb/106 Btu
22.417
(M)
24.056
(M)
4.371 x 10
-2
mg/Nm3
96.432 (HI)
(N)
4.458 x 10 (HI)
(N)
1.035 x 10 (HI)
(N)
2.243 x 10-5 (N)

(HI)
2.321 x 10
9.664 x 10-3 (N)

(HI)
430.8
-3
M = molecular weight of pollutant (lb/lb-mole)

N = moles of dry flue gas per hour
HI = heat input in fuel, 106 Btu/h (HHV basis)
N
HI
and its reciprocal occur in many of the

above conversion formulae.
N
HI
can be calculated using the EPA F-factor

(Fd ) discussed above as follows:
Fd
N
moles dry flue gas
20.9
=
6
HI
385.5 (20.9 %O2dv)
10 Btu
Table 3.3
Periodic Table of the Elements
T-15

Table 4.3
Table 4.1
Environmental Equipment
Nominal 500 MW PC-Fired Drum Boiler Plant
Coal and Ash Analysis, an Example of a

High Sulfur Bituminous Coal
Proximate
Analysis, %
Moisture
VM
FC
Ash
Ultimate
Analysis, %
12.0
35.7
40.3
12.0
Moisture
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Oxygen
Ash
Chlorine
12.0
60.6
4.1
1.2
4.1
5.9
12.0
0.1
Ash Fusion Temperatures, F

(Reducing Atmosphere)
Initial Deformation
Softening
Hemispherical
Fluid
Sulfur
Forms, %
Pyritic
Organic
Sulfate
2.0
2.0
0.1
4.1
NOx Control
Type:
Si as SiO2
Al as Al2O3
Fe as Fe2O3
Ti as TiO2
Ca as CaO
Mg as MgO
Na as Na2O
K as K2O
S as SO3
P as P2O5
Other
Btu/lb = 10,950 as received
Grindability = 56 HGI
Theoretical air = 7.6 lb/10,000 Btu
SCR, OFA and low NOx

burners
0.07 lb/106 Btu
Emissions:
Ash Analysis, %
1950
2030
2100
2150
Wet Limestone Scrubber (full load)

Limestone usage rate: 30.3 t/h
Gypsum production:
48.4 t/h
SO2 at scrubber inlet:
36,568 lb/h
SO2 at scrubber outlet: 731 lb/h
Required SO2 removal: 98%
45.0
20.0
18.0
1.0
7.0
1.0
0.6
1.9
3.5
0.2
Particulate Control
Type:
Emissions:
Specific collector area:
Table 4.4
Plant Performance Summary
Turbine Steam Conditions
Pressure
2400psig
Temperature
1000F
Reheat temperature 1000F
Fuel Input
Table 4.2
Mechanical Equipment
Steam Generator
Balanced draft, direct-fired, pulverized coal
Pulverizers
Six, roll wheel mills, 50 t/h each
Main Steam
Flow
3.625 x 106 lb/h
Temp
1005F
Pressure 2415 psi
Reheat Steam
Flow
3.336 x 106 lb/h
Temp
1000F
Pressure 532 psi
Electrostatic precipitator
0.03 lb/106 Btu
350 ft2/1000 SCFM
Coal feed 223 t/h

9
Btu input 4.88 x 10 Btu/h
Ash Flow Rates
t/h
Furnace bottom ash

Economizer ash
Flyash
Total through unit
Mill rejects (pyrites)
5.1
2.2
20.7
28.0
0.5
Heat Rates at Full Load

Steam cycle
Gross
Net
7880 Btu/kWh
8985 Btu/kWh
9871 Btu/kWh
Rated Output
Power Production
Total gross
Total Net
536 MW
494 MW
Thermal
Discharge
6
10 Btu/h
Cooling towers
Stack
Controlled Emissions
lb/h
SO2
NOx as NO2
Particulate
731 *
342 *
146
Efficiencies
Boiler (coal to steam)
Plant (coal to busbar)
Turbine/Generator
Tandem-compound, four-flow, 3600 rpm,
640,000 kVa at 24 kV, 3 phase, 60 Hz.
Untreated Flue Gas Characteristics
Fans
FD: 2 motor-driven, total 4,000,000 lb/h
PA: 2 motor-driven, total 710,000 lb/h
ID: 4 motor-driven, total 5,174,000 lb/h
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Water
Sulfur dioxide
Fan Horsepower Requirements

FD: 2400 HP based on static rise from 0.5 to 14 in. wg
PA: 1700 HP based on static rise from 0.5 to 50 in. wg
ID: 9900 HP based on static rise from 23 to 10 in. wg
Fan data assumes 8% air heater leakage and
87% fan/motor efficiency.
Feedwater Pumps
Main:
2 turbine-driven, 50% capacity,
5000 GPM each, TDH: 7200 ft
Booster:
2 turbine-driven, 50% capacity,

4800 GPM each, TDH: 1280 ft
Condensate: 2 motor-driven, 100% capacity,

1400 hp, 7000 GPM each, TDH: 630 ft
T-16
Volume %
Dry
Wet
Component
81.07
15.28
3.26
0.39
100.00
2500
587
88%
35%
Flue Gas Molecular

Weight
73.47
13.84
2.95
9.39
0.35
100.00
30.85 (dry basis)

29.64 (wet basis)
Excess air leaving economizer 17.9%

Mass Flows
lb/10,000 Btu
Actual dry air

Wet gas from fuel
Moisture in air
Wet gas weight
Water from fuel
Water in wet gas
Dry gas weight
8.888
0.800
0.116
9.804
0.444
0.560
9.244
Water in wet gas (as%) 5.711%
Losses
Dry gas loss
Water from fuel
Moisture in air
Unburned
combustibles
Radiation
Unaccounted for
manufacturer's
margin
%
4.659
5.056
0.116
0.500
0.170
1.500
12.001
*Local requirements vary.

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The Babcock & Wilcox Company

This appendix provides tables, charts and figures

Pressure-enthalpy diagram for steam

Part 1: Conversion Factors

Part 3: Useful Charts and Tables

Part 2: System International dUnits (SI),

Part 4: Typical 500 MW Pulverized Coal-Fired

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Pounds per Gallon

2.989 9.80665 6.895

PRESSURE is the force per unit area exerted on or by a fluid.

British CentiThermal meterUnits

Heat Transfer Coefficient or Conductance

Mass Flow Rate

Volumetric Flow Rate

Volumetric Heat Release Rate

1 000 000 000 = 109

1 000 000 = 106

Heat Flux, or Heat Transfer Rate

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

* To be avoided where possible.

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Water at 39.2F (4C), maximum density

= 1728 cubic inches (in. )

= 98,066.5 pascals (Pa)

In these conversions, inches and feet of water are

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

SI Properties of Saturated Steam and Saturated Water (Temperature)1

1. U.S. Customary steam tables are provided in Chapter 2, Table 1.

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

1. See Note 1, Table 2.1

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

1. See Notes 1 and 2, Table 2.1

Table 2.3 (Part 1 of 2)

SI Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water (Temperature and Pressure)1

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

1. See Notes 1 and 2, Table 2.1

Table 2.3 (Part 2 of 2)

SI Properties of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water (Temperature and Pressure)1

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Fig. 2.1 Mollier diagram (H-s) for steam SI units.

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Fig. 2.2 Pressure-enthalpy diagram for steam SI units.

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Fig. 2.3 Psychrometric chart SI units.

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Fig. 3.1 Temperature-enthalpy diagram (MPa = 0.006895 psi).

Fig. 3.3 Estimates of the weight of the products of combustion for

Steam 41 / Conversion Factors, SI Steam Properties and Useful Tables

The Babcock & Wilcox Company

Fig. 3.6 Estimates of theoretical air required for the combustion of

ppm SO2 by weight = (% SO2 by weight) x 104