1CM69 - Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Coupler

Products: R&S CMU200V02, R&S CMU200V10, R&S CMU-Z10, R&S CMU-Z11, R&S CMUgo
Testing Mobile Phones

Using Antenna Couplers
This Application Note describes how you can use antenna couplers for testing mobile phones. This
includes discussion of how to determine path losses and how to optimize usage of R&S CMUgo in
conjunction with antenna couplers. The GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 network standards are all covered.
Subject to change without notice T. Lutz / F. Schmitt 01.2008 1CM69
Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers
Table of contents
1 Overview ............................................................................................. 3
2 Basic Principles for Determining Coupling Losses ................................ 4
3 Determination of the Reference Position in the Antenna Coupler.......... 5
Determination of the reference position for the WCDMA network
standard ......................................................................................... 5
Determination of the reference position for the GSM network
standard ......................................................................................... 5
Determination of the reference position for the IS-95 /
CDMA2000 network standard ......................................................... 5
General information about determination of the reference
position ........................................................................................... 6
4 Determination of the Coupling Loss in GSM ......................................... 6
Basic principles of the GSM network standard................................. 6
The power control level .............................................................. 6
The measurement report............................................................ 8
Basic procedure for the GSM network standard ............................ 10
Determination of the reference channels .................................. 10
Determination of the coupling loss on the uplink ....................... 12
Attachment of the telephone in the reference position
in the antenna coupler ........................................................ 12
Resetting the R&S CMU200 ................................................ 12
Setting the approximate attenuation values..................... 13
Making a call in the GSM 900 band.................................... 14
Setting the PCL .................................................................... 15
Setting the channel ............................................................. 16
Measuring the power of the telephone.............................. 16
Computing the attenuation................................................. 17
Determination of the coupling loss on the downlink................... 18
Setting the TCH level on the test instrument.................... 18
Computation of the attenuation ......................................... 19
Procedure in R&S CMUgo in GSM................................................ 20
A simple test sequence for a GSM band................................... 20
A test sequence for a GSM quadband telephone...................... 21
The GSM entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file ............................ 23
The "Tune Find Attenuation" test item ...................................... 24
Extending the "TAC Dependent Attenuation" database............. 25
5 Determination of the Coupling Loss in WCDMA ................................. 26
Basic principles of the WCDMA network standard ......................... 26
Open loop power control .......................................................... 27
Closed loop power control........................................................ 27
The measurement report.......................................................... 28
Procedure in the WCDMA network standard ................................. 29
Determination of the coupling loss on the uplink ....................... 31
Setting up an RMC connection .......................................... 32
Measuring the maximum power of the telephone............ 33
Verification of the power class of the telephone.............. 34
Determination of the coupling loss on the downlink................... 35
Setting the CPICH level on the test instrument................ 36
Procedure in R&S CMUgo in WCDMA .......................................... 38
A simple test sequence for a WCDMA band ............................. 38
The WCDMA entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file....................... 39
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The "Tune Find Attenuation" test item ...................................... 40
Extending the "TAC dependent attenuation" database.............. 41
6 Determination of the Coupling Loss in CDMA2000 ............................. 42
Basic principles of the CDMA2000 network standard..................... 42
Open loop power control .......................................................... 43
Closed loop power control........................................................ 43
Procedure in the CDMA2000 network standard............................. 43
Determination of the coupling loss on the reverse link .............. 52
Setting up a test loopback connection (SO 2/9)............... 52
Measuring the maximum power of the telephone............ 54
Determination of the coupling loss on the forward link .............. 55
The basic principle of a receiver sensitivity
measurement ....................................................................... 55
Procedure in R&S CMUgo in CDMA2000...................................... 57
A simple test sequence for a CDMA2000 band class................ 57
The "CDMA2000 Find Attenuation" test item ............................ 60
7 The Different Modes Provided by R&S CMUgo .................................. 63
8 Reading in the Sequence Name Using a Barcode .............................. 64
Direct entry of the sequence name................................................ 64
Indirect entry of the sequence name ............................................. 65
Entering the shortcut..................................................................... 66
9 Determination of the Sequence Name via User Input ......................... 67
Direct selection of the sequence name.......................................... 67
Entering a shortcut........................................................................ 69
The shortcut extension in CDMA2000 ........................................... 72
10 Assignment of the Attenuation Values ................................................ 74
11 The Database for TAC Dependent Attenuation .................................. 74
12 Procedure When Using TAC Dependent Attenuation ......................... 80
13 Database for Shortcut Dependent Attenuation in CDMA2000 and
1xEvDo................................................................................................... 80
14 Database for Shortcut Dependent Attenuation in GSM and
WCDMA ................................................................................................. 85
15 Procedure When Using Shortcut Dependent Attenuation ................... 89
16 Features of the R&S CMU200V02 and R&S CMU200V10.................. 90
17 Table of figures.................................................................................. 92
18 Additional Information ........................................................................ 95
19 Ordering Information .......................................................................... 96
1 Overview
Usage of antenna couplers when testing mobile phones is
increasingly common during the verification process (final testing) for
the mobile radio service. This is due to a lack of commercial
standardization for RF antenna connectors. In other words, a different
cable is required for almost every phone, which is naturally associated
with high added costs. In addition, more and more phones are being
sold that do not have an RF antenna connector that is accessible. The
antenna connectors for such phones might be located in the battery
compartment underneath the battery, or the device housing must be
disassembled to access them, or special frames are required to
accommodate the phone's circuit board.
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The benefits of direct RF coupling are clear on the other hand. For
example, this includes low path losses on the order of one to two
decibels, low variation for this attenuation within a frequency band and
high repeatability.
The design of the antenna coupler, along with support for the
underlying functionality by the software tool used to test the mobile
phone, makes a significant contribution to how well this approach will
work during the verification process (final testing).
Testing of mobile phones is typically carried out on three channels per
frequency band. It is necessary to determine the attenuation for a low,
middle and high channel for each band. The attenuation for the
receiving and transmitting ends must be handled separately in order
to account for the duplex spacing between the transmit and receive
channels.
Assuming that we are dealing with a well equipped mobile phone that
supports two WCDMA bands and four GSM bands, 36 attenuation
values must be measured if we want to test this phone in an antenna
coupler. With a standard GSM triband telephone, there are still 18
values.
2 Basic Principles for Determining Coupling Losses

When determining the loss values, we need a reference phone
("golden phone" or "golden device") that we can use to make an initial
"wired" measurement. As mentioned above, this reference
measurement can be relatively time-consuming if the telephone does
not have an RF antenna connector. Note that the required reference
telephones are supplied in many cases by the manufacturer along
with a test record to the service company.
Each mobile radio standard specifies the maximum output power for a
telephone in the appropriate power classes. The attenuation value to
be determined is measured at this maximum output power value. On
the one hand (GSM), this is because the tolerances have the
narrowest range. On the other hand (CDMA-based standards), this is
because the maximum power represents the sole reproducible output
power level in which no closed loop mechanism comes into play.
"Closed loop" means that the output power is controlled with the aid of
power control bits that allow the base station to increase or decrease
the output power of the telephone.
If we now compare the measured output power using the antenna
coupler with the reference measurement, the difference between the
two measured values is precisely equal to the coupling loss we are
interested in.
The accuracy that can be obtained using this method is dependent
primarily on the accuracy of the reference measurement, which in turn
is primarily dependent on the determination of the cable attenuation.
Determination of the coupling losses on the receiving end of the
mobile phone is based on comparison of the measurement reports for
the telephone. On the one hand, this involves wired operation and on
the other hand, usage of the antenna coupler.
However, network standards also exist that do not support any
measurement reports (e.g. CDMA in accordance with the IS-95
standard and CDMA2000). In such cases, the only option is to
determine the sensitivity of the telephone. More details on this
approach can be found later in this Application Note.
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3 Determination of the Reference Position in the Antenna

Coupler
The R&S CMU-Z10/Z11 antenna coupler consists of two concentric
circles. There is a larger circle for a lower frequency range used, for
example, in GSM850 / GSM900 or the cellular band in IS95/CDMA2000 networks, as well as a smaller circle used, for
example, in GSM1800 / GSM 1900 and in the PCS band in IS95/CDMA2000 or in band I in WCDMA (UMTS).
The best positioning is achieved when the mobile radio antenna is in
the center of the two circles. For mobile phones with a visibly attached
antenna, this is not a problem. However, mobile phones with an
integrated antenna are more problematic. In addition, there are more
and more phones that have more than one antenna structure on the
circuit board. One antenna is used for the upper frequency range and
one for the lower frequency range.
Since the coupling loss typically increases with frequency, the upper
band should be used to determine the reference position. In other
words, the WCDMA band is the best choice for a UMTS/GSM
quadband telephone.
Determination of the reference position for the

WCDMA network standard
The input attenuation should not be set too high on the R&S CMU200,
since it might be impossible to make a call otherwise. Values around
10 dB represent a good starting point. Once a call has been set up,
change to the "Max. Power" menu on the R&S CMU200. Control of
the power control bits should be set to AUTO. Starting from the
expected position of the mobile radio antenna, now move the
telephone slowly over the antenna coupler and observe the display of
the output power until you find the maximum value.

GSM network standard
since it might be impossible to make a call otherwise. Values around
10 dB represent a good starting point for GSM 1800 / GSM 1900,
while lower values are better for GSM 850 / GSM 900 (typically 5 dB
to 8 dB). Change the setting for the power control level in GSM 1800 /
GSM 1900 to 0, and in the other GSM bands to 5. Once a call has
been set up, change to the "Overview" menu on the R&S CMU200.
Starting from the expected position of the mobile radio antenna, now
move the telephone slowly over the antenna coupler and observe the
display of the output power until you find the maximum value.

IS-95 / CDMA2000 network standard
since it might be impossible to make a call otherwise. Values of
around 10 dB in the PCS band and 5 dB in the cellular band represent
a good starting point. Once a call has been set up, change to the
"Max. Power" menu on the R&S CMU200. Control of the power
control bits should be set to AUTO. Starting from the expected
position of the mobile radio antenna, now move the telephone slowly
over the antenna coupler and observe the display of the output power
until you find the maximum value.
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General information about determination of

the reference position
After you have located the maximum, arrange the angle bracket
supplied with the antenna coupler so that the telephone will reliably
come to rest in exactly this position. With certain telephones, it is
useful to lay the telephone on its side and check for the reference
position in this somewhat unusual position. Finally, do not forget to
make note of the reference position once you find it. It is typically not
necessary to determine the reference position in more than one band.
Fig. 1 Positioning grid for the CMU-Z10/Z11 antenna coupler
4 Determination of the Coupling Loss in GSM

Basic principles of the GSM network standard
The power control level
In the GSM standard, the output power of a mobile phone is
determined by the power control level (PCL). The following table
shows the output power of a mobile phone in the GSM bands GSM
450, GSM 480, GSM 850 and GSM 900. Typically, mobile phones in
these bands fall into power class 4.
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Power control level
(PCL)
Reference level
Power
class 1
Power
class 2
Power
class 3
Power
class 4
Power
class 5
0 to 2
39 dBm
2 dB
2 dB
37 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
2 dB
35 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
33 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
2 dB
31 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
29 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
2 dB
27 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
25 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
10
23 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
11
21 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
12
19 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
13
17 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
14
15 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
15
13 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
16
11 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
17
9 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
18
7 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
19
5 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
Fig. 2 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 450 / 480 / 850 / 900

The PCL values in the GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 bands are different
compared to the above listed bands. The power class of the
telephones is also not the same as for the other bands. Typically,
mobile phones in the GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 bands fall into power
class 1.
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Power control level
(PCL)
Reference level Power class Power class Power class

1
2
3
29
36 dBm
2 dB
30
34 dBm
3 dB
31
32 dBm
3 dB
30 dBm
2 dB
3 dB
28 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
26 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
24 dBm
3 dB
2 dB
3 dB
22 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
20 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
18 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
16 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
14 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
12 dBm
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
10
10 dBm
4 dB
4 dB
4 dB
11
8 dBm
4 dB
4 dB
4 dB
12
6 dBm
4 dB
4 dB
4 dB
13
4 dBm
4 dB
4 dB
4 dB
14
2 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
15
0 dBm
5 dB
5 dB
5 dB
Fig. 3 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 1800 / 1900
The measurement report

Once a connection is established, a slow associated control channel
(SACCH) is also transmitted in a TCH multiframe in the 13th frame in
addition to the traffic channel (TCH). The TCH multiframe (see figure
below) is terminated by an IDLE frame (i.e. a frame that does not
contain any data). No output signal is transmitted in the uplink signal
(i.e. in the transmit signal from the mobile phone to the base station)
during this IDLE phase. A TCH multiframe corresponds to a time
interval of 120 ms.
C C
C C
C C
C C
H H
H H
H H
H H
C C
C C
H H
H H
C C
C C
H H
H H
C C
C C
H H
H H
C
0
9 10 11 12 H 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 19 20 21 22 23 24
Fig. 4 TCH-26 multiframe structure
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The measurement report consists of four SACCH frames.

Transmission is interleaved for increased reliability. Transmission of
the data alone takes 480 ms. On the downlink (i.e. the telephone's
receive direction), the current PCL value and a timing advance value
are transmitted using the SACCH (among other things). On the uplink,
the telephone sends back the set PCL value, the RXLev value and the
RXQual value.
The RXLev value provides an indication of the receive level of the
TCH signal. This is a 6-bit numerical value between 0 and 63
(decimal). The number 0 is used to represent receive levels below
I110 dBm. 1 represents the range between I110 dBm and I109
dBm, 2 the range between I109 dBm and I108 dBm, and so on.
If the signal level on the base station is changed, the displayed RXLev
value will naturally change too. However, it is important to pay close
attention to the timing.
After a change in the TCH level, the current measurement on the
telephone becomes invalid. This makes it necessary to wait for the
next measurement interval of 480 ms. Once the measurement is
complete, transmission is required which also requires 480 ms. This
means that it takes 960 ms to 1440 ms to obtain a valid measurement
result for RXLev which corresponds to a new setting for the base
station level.
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RXLev value
Receive level
110 dBm
109 dBm to 110 dBm
108 dBm to 109 dBm
107 dBm to 108 dBm
106 dBm to 107 dBm
105 dBm to 106 dBm
104 dBm to 105 dBm
103 dBm to 104 dBm
102 dBm to 103 dBm
101 dBm to 102 dBm
10
100 dBm to 101 dBm
20
90 dBm to 91 dBm
30
80 dBm to 81 dBm
40
70 dBm to 71 dBm
50
60 dBm to 61 dBm
60
50 dBm to 51 dBm
61
49 dBm to 50 dBm
62
48 dBm to 49 dBm
63
>48 dBm
Fig. 5 RXLev value vs. input level
Basic procedure for the GSM network

standard
Determination of the reference channels
We will first consider which channels to use as the low, middle and
high channel. This is relatively simple for the GSM bands GSM 1800
(also known as the DCS band) and GSM 1900 (PCS band), but
requires clarification for GSM 900 in terms of whether to take into
account the EGSM channels. The EGSM channels were introduced
later as an extension to the standard 124 channels in the GSM 900
band, but not every telephone supports them.
In addition in the GSM 900 band, there are also channels 955 to 974
which are known as RGSM and are used for railway applications.
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Standard
EGSM
Channel
975
Frequenc
y
925.2
MHz
EGSM
EGSM
GSM
...
1023
...
934.8
MHz
935.0
MHz
935.2
MHz
GSM
GSM
...
123
124
...
959.6
MHz
959.8
MHz
Fig. 6 GSM 900 channels and uplink frequencies

Standard
DCS
DCS
Channel
512
513
Frequency
1805.2
MHz
1805.4
MHz
DCS
DCS
...
884
885
...
1879.6
MHz
1879.8
MHz
PCS
PCS

Standard
PCS
PCS
Channel
512
513
...
809
810
Frequency
1930.2
MHz
1930.4
MHz
...
1989.6
MHz
1989.8
MHz

In the rarely used GSM 450 band and GSM 480 band, only 35
channels are available in each case. In the R&S CMU200, these two
bands are combined into a functional group known as "GSM 400". For
TAC dependent or shortcut dependent attenuation value setting, R&S
CMUgo also supports only two values here (one for the GSM 450
band and one for the GSM 480 band).
Standard
GSM 450
GSM 450
Channel
259
260
Frequency
460.6 MHz
460.8 MHz
GSM 450
GSM 450
...
292
293
...
467.2 MHz
467.4 MHz
GSM 480
GSM 480

Standard
GSM 480
GSM 480
Channel
306
307
...
339
340
Frequency
489.0 MHz
489.2 MHz
...
495.6 MHz
495.8 MHz

The following table shows the channel assignment used in R&S
CMUgo. The table also specifies a channel for determining the
coupling loss.
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Band and range
Channels
Reference channel
GSM 400 (GSM 450)
259 to 293
259
GSM 400 (GSM 480)
306 to 340
340
GSM 850 low channel
128 to 168
128
GSM 850 mid channel
169 to 209
189
GSM 850 high channel
210 to 251
251
GSM 900 low channel
0 to 30 / 955 to 1023
1 (975)*
GSM 900 mid channel
31 to 78
62 (37)*
79 to 124
124
GSM 1800 low channel
512 to 635
512
GSM 1800 mid channel
636 to 759
698
760 to 885
885
GSM 1900 low channel
512 to 611
512
GSM 1900 mid channel
612 to 711
661
712 to 810
810
* Including EGSM
band
Fig. 11 GSM reference channels
Determination of the coupling loss on the uplink

We will now proceed as follows based on the example of the high
channel in the GSM 900 band:
Attachment of the telephone in the reference

position in the antenna coupler
In general, the accuracy of the entire process is highly dependent on
the repeatability of the positioning.
Resetting the R&S CMU200

You should reset the functional groups that are used in order to
prevent any instrument settings that were not explicitly set from having
an influence on the measurement results.
Hotkey Reset / Reset all
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Fig. 12 Resetting the R&S CMU200
Setting the approximate attenuation values

In R&S CMUgo, default values of 10 dB are used. This is intended to
prevent overdriving or underdriving the R&S CMU200. However, this
makes it impossible to make or keep a call. Signaling processes such
as a channel change or PCL change (or a handover to other bands) in
particular are susceptible to dropped calls. This makes it necessary to
switch to the respective functional group (in this example, "GSM 900
Signaling").
Softkey RF Output and RF Input
Softkey AF/RF
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Fig. 13 Setting the attenuation values in the R&S CMU200
Making a call in the GSM 900 band

Switch on the mobile phone so that it can synchronize to the
simulated base station signal.
Once synchronization is complete, make the call without changing the
position of the telephone.
It does not matter whether the call is made from the tester as a mobile
terminated call (MTC) or the mobile phone as a mobile originated call
(MOC).
Softkey Connection
Softkey connect mobile (MTC)
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Fig. 14 Call setup in GSM900 on the R&S CMU200
Setting the PCL

The telephone is informed of the power change required on the
telephone via signaling. The expected output power from the mobile
phone should equal 33 dBm after the PCL value is set to 5.
Softkey BS Signal
Softkey PCL
Fig. 15 PCL setting on the R&S CMU200

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Setting the channel

The telephone is also informed of the channel setting via signaling (in
this example, channel 124 for the high channel).
Softkey BS Signal
Softkey TCH Level
Fig. 16 PCL setting on the CMU200
Measuring the power of the telephone

In GSM, the average power of the burst signal is referenced in the
"useful part" of the ramp as the measured value.
Softkey Overview
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Fig. 17 Measurement of the average power of the burst signal
Computing the attenuation

The reference value (like all power measured values) always refers to
the antenna base of the mobile phone. The real reference output
power of the telephone Pout_ref consists of the power Pmeas_ref
measured on the tester and the cable attenuation ATTcable.
P out_ref = P meas_ref + ATT cable
Fig. 18 Determination of the reference power Pout_ref
Comparable to the determination of the reference value, we have the
following situation when using the antenna coupler: The real output
power of the telephone Pout_ref consists of the power Pmeas_x measured
on the tester and the attenuation value in the antenna coupler
including the cable connected to the antenna coupler ATTcoupler. The
displayed measured value, however, is dependent in turn on each
attenuation value ATTdefault set in the test instrument.
P out_ref = P meas_x + ATT coupler ATT default

Fig. 19 Ratio of the reference power Pout_ref to the coupler attenuation
If we assume that the output power of the telephone was previously
determined, we now obtain the following formula that takes into
account the previously set default attenuation setting ATTdefault.
ATT coupler = Pout - P meas_x + ATT default

Fig. 20 Determination of the uplink attenuation in the antenna coupler
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Determination of the coupling loss on the

downlink
This measurement can be performed immediately after the described
determination of the coupling loss on the uplink. The channel setting
and call setup are handled as described above unless otherwise
specified.
Setting the TCH level on the test instrument

The level that is set should be the same when determining the
reference value and the coupling loss. However, in many cases it is
desired to have the most precise determination possible for a
reference level in the range between I100 dBm and I104 dBm. The
only RX measurements such as the bit error rate or the RxQual are
then supposed to be performed in this range. However, these low
levels are relatively critical in case of an unknown attenuation value,
since calls can be dropped due to excessively low receive levels on
the telephone. On the other hand, the RXLev value always reflects a
level range of only a decibel. This means that determination of the
attenuation on the downlink is typically much less precise than on the
uplink.
One possibility involves decreasing the output power of the TCH
signal generator in steps, waiting 1.5 s after each step, and then
comparing the RXLev value with the previous measurements. The
telephone should always make the change from one RXLev value to
the next lower value at the same place.
However, differences can arise depending on whether the TCH levels
are decreased or increased in steps, so we recommend that you
always proceed in the same manner
Softkey Overview
Softkey BS Signal
Softkey TCH Level
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Fig. 21 Setting the TCH level and measurement of the RX level
Computation of the attenuation

Without the step-by-step decrease in the TCH level, we obtain the
following formula for determining the coupling loss if in each case a
certain output power of the TCH signal generator P TCH is used.
ATT coupler = RXLev ref - RXLev x + ATT default

Fig. 22
Determination of the downlink attenuation in the antenna

coupler
In the method in which the levels are suitably adapted until a change
in the RXLev value is detected, the determination is handled in an
indirect manner using the currently set TCH levels. In this case, the
RXLev value represents a constant.
ATT coupler = P TCH x - P TCH ref + ATT default

Fig. 23
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Procedure in R&S CMUgo in GSM

A simple test sequence for a GSM band
Once the reference position has been manually determined, R&S
CMUgo can be used to easily determine the coupling loss values. We
must create a sequence containing the following elements:
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Find Attenuation
Fig. 24 A simple example sequence

In this simplified example sequence, the coupling loss is determined
for the GSM 900 band. As part of the determination, the TAC
dependent attenuation value setting should not be activated in the
main program. During call setup, attenuation values between 5 dB
and 10 dB should be used. These attenuation values can also be
entered simultaneously in the "GSM Find Attenuation Configuration"
dialog as starting values. Depending on the desired reference channel
for GSM 900, you might need to enable the "incl. EGSM" checkbox.
The reference level for determining the output attenuation is originally
set to I75 dBm. This contradicts to some extent the typical output
levels of the radio communication tester for the bit error rate
measurement which is typically performed at I102 dBm. However, as
long as the attenuation is known only approximately, more frequent
(undesired) dropped calls would occur otherwise.
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Fig. 25 Configuration of the "GSM Find Attenuation" test item
A test sequence for a GSM quadband telephone

This test can be extended using handover to other bands depending
on the mobile phone's capabilities in order to also determine the
coupling loss there. However, there are some telephones in which
changing from one band to any other band is not always possible.
Changing to the GSM 1900 band is not supported in many cases, for
example. This is due to the fact that in the GSM 1800 and GSM 1900
bands, the channel numbers are duplicated. For the telephone to be
able to properly assign the channel number, it must be capable of
properly evaluating the band indicator. However, only individual bands
can be determined one after another at any time.
A sequence for determining the coupling loss of a GSM quadband
telephone might look as follows:
1CM69
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Set Band Indicator
Tune Find Attenuation
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Fig. 26 GSM quadband sequence for determining the coupling loss

Call setup occurs in the GSM 900 band and the first determination of
the coupling loss also occurs here, followed by the GSM 1800 band.
The change to the GSM 850 band involves the aid of the "GSM Set
Band Indicator" test item. Besides the handover from GSM 1800 to
GSM 850, the band indicator is also set to GSM 1900 subsequently.
This causes future channel indications for channel numbers between
512 and 810 to be interpreted as GSM 1900 channels.
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Fig. 27 Setting the band indicator

Next, the coupling losses are determined in the GSM 850 band. This
also leaves enough time for the telephone to recognize the newly set
band indicator. This can take more than a second and therefore
cannot take place directly for the change of band.
Finally, the coupling losses are determined in the GSM 1900 band.
The "Tune Find Attenuation" test item is included here only for the
sake of completeness. It will be discussed later in greater detail.
The GSM entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file

While the "GSM Find Attenuation" test item is running, the results are
saved in a file called "Attenuation.INI". A section is generated which
contains the complete IMEI of the reference telephone in brackets.
The entries below this cover the reference level for the output power
measurement on the mobile phone and the specified output reference
level of the R&S CMU200 radio communication tester.
The coupling loss values that were determined for the low, middle and
high reference channel in the respective band are also saved.
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[12345678-123456-8]
GSM900_L_IN=7.28
GSM900_L_OUT=14.70
GSM900_M_IN=7.06
GSM900_M_OUT=23.10
GSM900_H_IN=8.18
GSM900_H_OUT=22.30
GSM900_TX_REFERENCE_POWER=33.00
GSM900_RX_REFERENCE_BSLEVEL=-75.00
Fig. 28 Entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file
The "Tune Find Attenuation" test item

Once all of the coupling losses have been determined, the database
still needs to be updated. The "Tune Attenuation" test item is used for
this purpose.
This step can be performed independently of the determination of the
attenuation values in a separate sequence. However, it must also
contain a call setup to the appropriate telephone in which the IMEI of
the mobile phone is determined. This helps to avoid mixups.
Upon reaching the "Tune Find Attenuation" test step, a dialog appears
in which the reference levels during determination of the coupling loss
are displayed the first time. However, the output levels for the golden
phone for PCL 5 in GSM 900 are not always exactly at 33.0 dBm, for
example, but will probably be lower. Accordingly, the exact levels
determined using a wired configuration can be specified for the low,
middle and high frequency range. In the example shown here, the
output level of the mobile phone in the GSM 900 band was at 32.1
dBm for the low reference channel. Comparable to determination of
the "MS Reference Power", compensation can also be performed for
the "MS RX Reference". In addition, there are cases where the
reference level used in the wired measurement does not correspond
to that used on the coupler. In the first inactive input field, the
reference level is displayed for the determination of the coupling loss.
In the second middle field, the reference level for the wired
measurement should be indicated. In our example, it was equal to
I102 dBm for GSM 900. Next, the associated RXLev value is shown
(it is equal to 8 in the example). In the input fields associated with the
low, middle and high reference channel, the RXLev should now be
indicated which was determined in the wired measurement.
For bands that have not yet been measured, the input fields remain
inactive.
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Fig. 29 Dialog input for the "Tune Find Attenuation" test step
Once all of the compensation values have been entered, click the
"Update" button. Alternatively, you can cancel the process using the
"Skip" button.
Extending the "TAC Dependent Attenuation"

database
Using the "Update" button, you can open the dialog for editing the
"TAC Dependent" attenuation values.
In this dialog, you can now specify the missing values for the
reference position, the name of the image files and other similar
details.
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Fig. 30 Dialog for adding a telephone to the database

Once the entries are complete, click the "Update" button and the data
will be updated in the database.
Using the "Tune Find Attenuation" test item, the "Attenuation.INI" file
was also extended to include additional entries.
[12345678-123456-8]
GSM900_RX_REFERENCE_BSLEVEL_GOLDENDEVICE=-102.00
GSM900_L_MSRXREF=8.00
GSM900_M_MSRXREF=8.00
GSM900_H_MSRXREF=8.00
GSM900_L_MSPOWERREF=32.10
GSM900_M_MSPOWERREF=32.40
GSM900_H_MSPOWERREF=32.50
Fig. 31 Additional entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file

It is no longer necessary to enter the reference values during a new
test run. The values you entered previously will be displayed.
5 Determination of the Coupling Loss in WCDMA

Basic principles of the WCDMA network
standard
In CDMA technologies, how the output power of a mobile phone is
controlled has a substantial influence on the channel capacity that can
be achieved in the radio cell. Each mobile phone basically interferes
with the other subscribers in the cell by increasing the noise level. The
S/N ratio in turn limits the ability to transmit data. Our objective is to
control the output power of a mobile phone so that the levels of all of
the telephones present in the cell are the same at the base station
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("node B"). On the other hand, the level of the mobile phones ("UEs")
should be set low enough so that once error correction is performed,
error-free data transmission is just possible. In other words, errors in
transmission are accepted as long as they can be corrected using
forward error correction (FEC). Power control consists of two different
components: open loop power control and closed loop power control.
Open loop power control

Open loop power control is based on the principle that the lower the
receive level is on the telephone, the higher the output power of the
phone should be set. A low receive level is expected when the path
losses on the downlink are high because e.g. the subscriber is located
far from the base station. Based on the simple assumption that the
path losses on the uplink and downlink are equal, the mobile phone
needs to transmit with a higher output power level in order to
compensate for the path loss on the uplink.
In WCDMA, the starting level of the preamble of the mobile phone
(UE) is described in the standard TS 25.331.
P preamble = UL Interference + Constant Value + P-CPICH reported P-CPICH received

Fig. 32 Preamble power computation in WCDMA
Besides the two quantities "uplink interference" and "constant value"
that are signaled by the base station, the power of the first preamble
transmitted by the telephone is basically determined by the path loss
on the downlink. This path loss is based on the ratio of the received
power (P-CPICH received) and the power transmitted by the base station
(P-CPICH reported) on the primary pilot channel. To keep the UE
informed about the power transmitted by the base station (node B), it
is also signaled.
Overall, this rule is applied during the registration process for the UE.
In a second rule, the initial power of the DPCCH is determined from a
signaled parameter (DPCCH power offset) and the received power
(P-CPICH received) on the primary pilot channel.
P DPCCH = DPCCH power offset P-CPICH received

Fig. 33 Open-loop power computation for the DPCCH in WCDMA
Note, however, that open loop control is used in WCDMA only during
the registration process for the mobile phone and during the call
setup. It is not used during the actual call. Closed loop power control
is used then, which is described in the next section.
Closed loop power control

In the downlink signal, transmit power control (TPC) information is
transmitted for each slot cyclically 1500 times per second. Depending
on the particular power control algorithm, the TPC information is
translated into transmit power control commands. In TPC algorithm 1,
there is a one-to-one correspondence between a TPC and a transmit
power control command. If a "1" is transmitted, the power level of the
output signal on the mobile phone is increased by one or two decibels.
If a "0" is transmitted, the power level of the output signal on the
mobile phone is decreased by one or two decibels. The base station
(node B) signals to the telephone whether to use steps of one or two
decibels.
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In TPC algorithm 2, five TPCs are combined to form a transmit power
control command. If a "11111" sequence is transmitted, the power
level of the output signal on the mobile phone is increased by one
decibel. If a "00000" sequence is transmitted, the power level of the
output signal on the mobile phone is decreased by one decibel. For
any other combination, the output signal is not changed.
The beginning of a sequence of TPCs is synchronized with the frame,
i.e. exactly three transmit power control commands are transmitted in
a frame.
The measurement report

Measurement reports from the mobile phone are intended to make it
easier for the network to make decisions about when to initiate a
handover to another base station for further communication via that
base station. Unlike GSM, however, constant signal transmission
occurs in WCDMA, which would leave no time to measure adjacent
channels if a "compressed mode" was not used.
In compressed mode, transmission is briefly interrupted so the
telephone can measure its own radio channel and the adjacent
channels during the interruption.
The following measured values are returned for the radio channel for
the telephone's own cell.
CPICH RSCP: Indicator for the receive level of the CPICH code
channel. This indicator has a range of 1 dB. The lowest range that can
be displayed is between I114 dBm and I115 dBm while the highest
range is between I25 dBm and I26 dBm. Levels above and below
this are indicated by the limit values (I25 dBm and I115 dBm,
respectively).
CPICH Ec/No: Ratio of the power for a received PN chip in the CPICH
to the total received power density on the UE's antenna. This value is
displayed in steps of 0.5 dB.
Log 10(TCH BLER): Prediction of the expected (TCH) block error rate
(BLER). 64 intervals are available. The maximum value of 0 indicates
a block error rate of 100%.
Transmitted UE Power: Indicator for the output power of the UE.
UE RX/TX Time: Time difference between the UE uplink
DPCCH/DPDCH frame and the start of the downlink DPCH frame.
Pathloss:
received)
Path loss on the downlink (P-CPICH
reported
P-CPICH
For the adjacent cell, the following measured values are also returned
in addition to some of the parameters listed above.
UTRA Carrier RSSI: Broadband receive power including the thermal
noise and the noise generated in the receiver.
SFN-CFN Time Difference: Time difference measured in the unit of
chips between the system frame number (SFN) and the connection
frame number.
CFN designates the frame number of the own cell, while SFN refers to
the frame number of the adjacent cell.
GSM Carrier RSSI: Indicator for the receive level of the BCCH for the
adjacent cell.
GSM BSIC: Identification code for the base station in the GSM
adjacent cell.
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Procedure in the WCDMA network standard

R&S CMUgo supports WCDMA bands I to IX. The standard channel
spacing is equal to 200 kHz. In some bands, besides these channels
there are also other channels that do not comply with this channel
spacing. These special channels are indicated in light blue in the
following tables.
Band
Band I
Band I
Channel
10562
10563
Frequency
2112.4
MHz
2112.6
MHz
Band I
Band I
...
10837
10838
...
2167.4
MHz
2167.6
MHz
Fig. 34 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band I

Band
Band II
Band II
Channel
9662
9663
Frequency
1932.4 MHz
1932.6 MHz
Band II
Band II
...
9937
9938
...
1987.4 MHz
1987.6 MHz
Fig. 35 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band II

Band
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Band II
Channel
412
437
462
487
512
537
562
587
612
637
662
687
Frequency
(MHz)
1932.5
1937.5
1942.5
1947.5
1952.5
1957.5
1962.5
1967.5
1972.5
1977.5
1982.5
1987.5
Fig. 36 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band II
Band
Band III
Band III
Channel
1162
1163
Frequency
1807.4 MHz
1807.6 MHz
Band III
Band III
...
1512
1513
...
1877.4 MHz
1877.6 MHz
Fig. 37 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band III

Band
Band IV
Band IV
Channel
1537
1538
Frequency
2112.4 MHz
2112.6 MHz
Band IV
Band IV
...
1737
1738
...
2152.4 MHz
2152.6 MHz
Fig. 38 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band IV

Band
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Band IV
Channel
1887
1912
1937
1962
1987
2012
2037
2062
2087
Frequency
(MHz)
2112.5
2117.5
2122.5
2127.5
2132.5
2137.5
2142.5
2147.5
2152.5
Fig. 39 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band

IV
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Band
Band V
Band V
Channel
4357
4358
Frequency
871.4 MHz
871.6 MHz
Band V
Band V
...
4457
4458
...
891.4 MHz
891.6 MHz
Fig. 40 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band V

Band
Band V
Band V
Band V
Band V
Band V
Band V
Channel
1007
1012
1032
1037
1062
1087
Frequency
871.5 MHz
872.5 MHz
876.5 MHz
877.5 MHz
882.5 MHz
887.5 MHz

V
Band
Band VI
Band VI
Band VI
Band VI
Channel
1037
1062
4387
4388
Frequency
877.5 MHz
882.5 MHz
877.4 MHz
877.6 MHz
Band VI
Band VI
...
4412
4413
...
882.4 MHz
882.6 MHz
Fig. 42 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VI

Band
Band VII
Band VII
Channel
2237
2238
Frequency
2622.4 MHz
2622.6 MHz
Band VII
Band VII
...
2562
2563
...
2687.4 MHz
2687.6 MHz
Fig. 43 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VII
Band
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Channel
2587
2612
2637
2662
2687
2712
2737
Frequency
(MHz)
2622.5
2627.5
2632.5
2637.5
2642.5
2647.5
2652.5

VII
Band
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Band VII
Channel
2762
2787
2812
2837
2862
2887
2912
Frequency
(MHz)
2657.5
2662.5
2667.5
2672.5
2677.5
2682.5
2687.5

Band
Band VIII
Band VIII
Channel
2937
2938
Frequency
927.4 MHz
927.6 MHz
Band VIII
Band VIII
...
3087
3088
...
957.4 MHz
957.6 MHz
Fig. 46 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VIII

Band
Band IX
Band IX
Channel
9237
9238
Frequency
1847.4 MHz
1847.6 MHz
Band IX
Band IX
...
9386
9387
...
1877.2 MHz
1877.4 MHz
Fig. 47 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band IX
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The following table shows the channel assignment used in R&S
CMUgo. The table also specifies a channel for determining the
coupling loss.
Band and range
Channels
Reference channel
Band I, low channel
10562 to 10653
10562
Band I, mid channel
10654 to 10745
10700
Band I, high channel
10746 to 10838
10838
Band II, low channel
412 to 487 / 9662 to 9753
9662
Band II, mid channel
512 to 587 / 9754 to 9845
9800
Band II, high channel
612 to 687 / 9846 to 9938
9938
Band III, low channel
1162 to 1278
1162
Band III, mid channel
1279 to 1395
1337
Band III, high channel
1396 to 1513
1513
Band IV, low channel
1537 to 1603 / 1887 to 1937
1887
Band IV, mid channel
1604 to 1670 / 1962 to 2012
1987
Band IV, high channel
1671 to 1738 / 2037 to 2087
2087
Band V, low channel
1007 to 1037 / 4357 to 4390
4357
Band V, mid channel
1062 / 4391 to 4423
4407
Band V, high channel
1087 / 4424 to 4458
4458
Band VI, low channel
1037 / 4387 to 4399
4387
Band VI, high channel
1062 / 4400 to 4413
4413
Band VII, low channel
2237 to 2346 / 2587 to 2687
2237
Band VII, mid channel
2347 to 2455 / 2712 to 2787
2400
Band VII, high channel
2456 to 2563 / 2812 to 2912
2563
Band VIII, low channel
2937 to 2987
2937
Band VIII, mid channel
2988 to 3037
3013
Band VIII, high channel
3038 to 3088
3088
Band IX, low channel
9237 to 9287
9237
Band IX, mid channel
9288 to 9337
9312
Band IX, high channel
9338 to 9387
9387
Fig. 48 Reference channels and frequency assignment in WCDMA
Determination of the coupling loss on the uplink

Based on the example of the high channel in WCDMA band I, proceed
as follows:
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prevent any instrument settings that are not explicitly set from having

as a channel change or handover to other bands in particular are
susceptible to dropped calls.
Setting up an RMC connection

The mobile phone must be powered on and register first.
Then, the call must be set up by the R&S CMU200. Since this is an
RMC call, no further action is required on the telephone.
Setting the channel

The channel setting is also communicated to the telephone via
signaling.
Softkey Connection
Softkey RF Chn. Downlink
Softkey RF Chn. Uplink
Softkey Connection
Softkey Connect UE CS
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Fig. 49 Call setup in WCDMA band I on the R&S CMU200
Measuring the maximum power of the telephone

Switch to the "Max. Power" menu. In the default setting, the TPC bits
are automatically set in this test menu so that the mobile phone
attains the maximum output power. Depending on the power class of
the telephone, different output power levels should be expected.
Mobile phones typically fall into either power class 4 with a maximum
power level of 21 dBm or power class 3 with a maximum power level
of 24 dBm.
Softkey Power
Softkey Application
Softkey Maximum Power
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Verification of the power class of the telephone

Use the "Connect Control" softkey to switch to the "Settings" menu.
You can see the system information in the second view in the
"Connection" menu. You can switch between the first and second
views by clicking the softkey repeatedly.
Softkey Connect Control
Softkey Connection
RF Parameters/Power Class
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Fig. 51 Verification of the power class of the UE on the R&S CMU200

the antenna base of the mobile phone. The real output power of the
telephone Pmax_ref consists of the power Pmeas_ref measured on the
tester and the cable attenuation ATTcable.
P max_ref = P meas_ref + ATT cable
Fig. 52 Determination of the reference power Pmax_ref
power of the telephone Pmax_ref consists of the power Pmeas_x measured
on the tester and the attenuation value in the antenna coupler
including the cable connected to the antenna coupler ATTcoupler. The
displayed measured value, however, is dependent in turn on the
attenuation value ATTdefault set in the test instrument.
P max ref = P max_x + ATT coupler ATT default

Fig. 53 Ratio of the reference power Pmax_ref to the coupler attenuation
determined, we now obtain the following formula that also takes into
ATT coupler = Pmax_ref P max_x + ATT default

Determination of the coupling loss on the

downlink
This measurement can be performed immediately after the described
determination of the coupling attenuation on the uplink. The channel
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setting and call setup are handled as described above unless
otherwise specified.
Setting the CPICH level on the test instrument

The level indications in the measurement report always refer to the
pilot signal. It is important to remember that the signal level for the
CPICH is naturally below the total power level, since it is only one of
the components of the total signal. In the default setting of the R&S
CMU200, the CPICH level is I3.3 dB below the total level.
The level that is set should be the same when determining the
reference value and the coupling loss. In many cases, however, it is
desirable to measure a reference level as accurately as possible for a
total level of I106.7 dBm for which the bit error rate is measured by
default. This corresponds to a level of I110 dBm for the CPICH.
However, these low levels are relatively critical in case of an unknown
attenuation value, since calls can be dropped due to excessively low
receive levels on the telephone. On the other hand, the measurement
report always reflects a level range for the CPICH signal of only a
decibel. This means that determination of the attenuation on the
downlink is typically much less precise than on the uplink.
One possibility involves decreasing the output power of the TCH
signal generator in steps, waiting a little bit after each step, and then
comparing the measurement report for the CPICH level with the
previous measurements. The telephone should always make the
change from one measurement report value to the next lower value at
the same place.
However, differences can arise depending on whether the RF levels of
the base station are decreased or increased in steps, so we
recommend that you always proceed in the same manner.
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Softkey Receiver Quality
Softkey Application
Softkey UE Report
Softkey BS Signal Level / P-CPICH
Fig. 55 Setting the CPICH level and measurement of the CPICH

RSCP level on the R&S CMU200

Without taking into account this step-by-step decrease in the RF level
of the base station, we obtain the following formula for determination
of the coupling loss if a certain power level for the signal generator is
used in each case for the code channel CPICH (P-CPICH received).
ATT coupler = P-CPICH received_ref P-CPICH received_x + ATT default

Fig. 56

coupler
In the method in which the levels are suitably adapted until a change
in the RXLev value is detected, the determination is handled in an
indirect manner using the currently set levels for the code channel
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CPICH. In this case, the value in the measurement report (P-CPICH
received) represents a constant.
ATT coupler = P CPICH x - P CPICH ref + ATT default

Fig. 57

coupler
Procedure in R&S CMUgo in WCDMA

A simple test sequence for a WCDMA band
CMUgo can be used to easily determine the coupling loss values. We
must create a sequence containing the following elements:
Basic Initializing
WCDMA Call Setup
WCDMA Find Attenuation

In this simplified example sequence, the coupling loss is determined
for WCDMA band I. As part of the determination, the TAC dependent
attenuation value setting should not be activated in the main program.
During call setup, attenuation values around 10 dB should be used.
These attenuation values can also be entered simultaneously in the
"WCDMA Find Attenuation Configuration" dialog as starting values.
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Fig. 59 Configuration of the "WCDMA Find Attenuation" test item

The reference level for determining the output attenuation is originally
set to I53.9 dBm for the P-CPICH. This value consists of the output
level from the R&S CMU200 radio communication tester, meaning the
total level of all of the code channels, and the relative level of the PCPICH. The P-CPICH is used as a reference channel in indicating the
signal input level measured by the mobile phone. The indicated level
contradicts to some extent the typical output levels of the radio
communication tester for the bit error rate measurement which is
typically performed at I110 dBm for the C-CPICH. However, as long
as the attenuation is known only approximately, more frequent
(undesired) dropped calls would occur otherwise.
The WCDMA entries in the "Attenuation.INI" file

While the "WCDMA Find Attenuation" test item is running, the results
are saved in the "Attenuation.INI" file (as was the case with GSM). A
section is generated which contains the complete IMEI of the
telephone in brackets. The entries below this cover the reference level
for the output power measurement on the mobile phone and the
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specified output reference level of the R&S CMU200 radio
communication tester.
The coupling loss values that were determined for the low, middle and
high reference channel in the respective band are also saved.
[12345678-123456-8]
WCDMA1_L_IN=10.70
WCDMA1_L_OUT=16.00
WCDMA1_M_IN=11.35
WCDMA1_M_OUT=17.60
WCDMA1_H_IN=13.45
WCDMA1_H_OUT=20.30
WCDMA1_TX_REFERENCE_POWER=24.00
WCDMA1_RX_REFERENCE_CPICHLEVEL=-53.90
The "Tune Find Attenuation" test item

Once all of the coupling losses have been determined, the database
still needs to be updated. The "Tune Attenuation" test item is used for
this purpose.
This step can be performed independently of the determination of the
attenuation values in a separate sequence. However, it must also
contain a call setup to the appropriate telephone in which the IMEI of
the mobile phone is determined. This helps to avoid mixups.
Upon reaching the "Tune Find Attenuation" test step, a dialog appears
in which the reference levels during determination of the coupling loss
are displayed the first time. However, the output levels for the golden
phone are not always exactly at 24.0 dBm for the maximum output
power, for example, but will probably be lower. Accordingly, the exact
levels determined using a wired configuration can be specified for the
low, middle and high frequency range. In the example shown here, the
maximum output level of the mobile phone in WCDMA band I was at
23.2 dBm for the low reference channel. Comparable to determination
of the "MS Reference Power", compensation can also be performed
for the "MS RX Reference". In addition, there are cases where the
reference level used in the wired measurement does not correspond
to that used on the coupler. In the first dimmed input field, the
reference level is displayed for the determination of the coupling loss.
In the second middle field, the reference level for the wired
measurement should be indicated. In our example, it was equal to
I110 dBm for WCDMA band I. Next, the associated "Reported
CPICH" value is shown (it is equal to I110 in the example). In the
input fields associated with the low, middle and high reference
channel, the "Reported CPICH" value should now be indicated which
was determined during the wired measurement.
For bands that have not yet been measured, the input fields remain
inactive.
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Once all of the compensation values have been entered, click the
"Update" button. Alternatively, you can cancel the process by clicking
"Skip".
Extending the "TAC dependent attenuation"

database
Using the "Update" button, you can open the dialog for editing the
"TAC dependent" attenuation values.
In this dialog, you can now specify the missing values for the
reference position, the name of the image files and other similar
details.
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Once the entries are complete, click the "Update" button and the data
will be updated in the database.
Using the "Tune Find Attenuation" menu item, the "Attenuation.INI" file
was also extended.
[12345678-123456-8]
WCDMA1_L_MSRXREF=-110.00
WCDMA1_M_MSRXREF=-110.00
WCDMA1_H_MSRXREF=-110.00
WCDMA1_L_MSPOWERREF=23.20
WCDMA1_M_MSPOWERREF=23.50
WCDMA1_H_MSPOWERREF=23.70
WCDMA1_RX_REFERENCE_CPICHLEVEL_GOLDENDEVICE=-110.00

It is no longer necessary to enter the reference values during a new
test run. The values you entered previously will be displayed.
6 Determination of the Coupling Loss in CDMA2000

Basic principles of the CDMA2000 network
standard
In CDMA technologies, how the output power of a mobile phone is
controlled has a substantial influence on the channel capacity that can
be achieved in the radio cell. Each mobile phone basically interferes
with the other subscribers in the cell by increasing the noise level. The
S/N ratio in turn limits the ability to transmit data. Our objective is to
control the output power of a mobile phone so that the levels of all of
the telephones present in the cell are the same at the base station. On
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the other hand, the level of the mobile phones should be set low
enough so that once error correction is performed, error-free data
transmission is still just possible. In other words, errors in transmission
are accepted as long as they can be corrected using forward error
correction (FEC). Power control consists of two different components:
open loop power control and closed loop power control.
Open loop power control

Open loop power control is based on the principle that the lower the
receive level is on the telephone, the higher the output power of the
phone should be set. A low receive level is expected when the path
losses on the forward link are high because e.g. the subscriber is
located far from the base station. Based on the simple assumption
that the path losses on the reverse link and forward link are equal, the
mobile phone needs to transmit with a higher output power level in
order to compensate for the path loss on the reverse link.
In CDMA2000, the output power of the telephone is determined not
only during the registration process by the open loop control. Instead,
it is also determined during the call. During the call, closed loop
control is used for fine adjustment of the output power.
Closed loop power control

In the forward link signal, power control bits (PCBs) are transmitted for
each slot cyclically 1500 times per second. These bits allow the base
station to increase or decrease the output level of the telephone by a
decibel. The entire control range for the closed loop is equal to at least
24 dB compared to open loop control.
Procedure in the CDMA2000 network standard

R&S CMUgo supports CDMA2000 band classes 1 to 10.
Band class 0 designates the US cellular band and the Korean cellular
band.
The channel spacing is equal to 30 kHz for band class 0 and the
duplex spacing is equal to 45 MHz. The table shows the frequencies
of the forward link. The respective frequencies of the reverse link are
45 MHz below that of the forward link. The assignment of channels to
frequencies is divided into three sections.
Band
Class 0
Class 0
Class 0
Class 0
Channel
1024
1323
Forward link
860.04 MHz
Reverse link
815.04 MHz
Class 0
Class 0
...
991
1023
...
799
859.01 MHz
...
869.04 MHz
870.00 MHz
...
870.03 MHz
893.97 MHz
814.01 MHz
...
824.04 MHz
825.00 MHz
...
825.03 MHz
848.97 MHz
Fig. 64 Channel and frequency assignments for CDMA2000 band

class 0
Band class 1 refers to the North American PCS band.
duplex spacing is equal to 80 MHz.
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Band
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1
Class 1
Channel
...
1198
1199
Forward link
1930.00 MHz
1930.05 MHz
...
1989.90 MHz
1989.95 MHz
Reverse link
1850.00 MHz
1850.05 MHz
...
1909.90 MHz
1909.95 MHz

class 1
Band class 2 designates the TACS band.
duplex spacing is equal to 45 MHz. The assignment of channels to
frequencies is divided into two sections.
Band
Class 2
Class 2
Channel
1329
2047
Forward
link
Reverse
link
917.0125
MHz
872.0125
MHz
934.9625
MHz
872.9625
MHz
...
...
...
Class 2
Class 2
934.9875
MHz
889.9875
MHz
935.0125
MHz
889.0125
MHz
...
...
...
Class 2
Class 2
999
1000
959.9625
MHz
914.9625
MHz
959.9875
MHz
914.9875
MHz

class 2
Band class 3 designates the JTACS band.
The channel spacing is equal to 12.5 kHz for band class 3 and the
duplex spacing is equal to 55 MHz. Unlike the band classes we have
seen so far, the frequencies of the reverse link are above the
frequencies of the forward link.
The assignment of channels to frequencies is divided into four
sections.
Band
Class 3
Class 3
Channel
1041
1199
Forward
link
Reverse
link
832.0125
MHz
887.0125
MHz
833.9875
MHz
888.9875
MHz
...
...
...
Class 3
Class 3
1201
1600
838.0125
MHz
893.0125
MHz
843.0000
MHz
898.0000
MHz
...
...
...
Class 3
Class 3
801
1039
843.0125
MHz
898.0125
MHz
845.9875
MHz
890.9875
MHz
...
...
...
Class 3
Class 3
799
860.0125
MHz
915.0125
MHz
869.9875
MHz
924.9875
MHz

class 3
Band class 4 refers to the Korean PCS band.
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Band
Class 4
Class 4
Channel
1840.00
MHz
1750.00
MHz
1840.05
MHz
1750.05
MHz
Forward link
Reverse link
...
...
...
Class 4
Class 4
598
599
1869.90
MHz
1779.90
MHz
1869.95
MHz
1779.95
MHz

class 4
Band class 5 is also referred to as the NMT-450 band.
The assignment of channels to frequencies is divided into a total of
five sections in band class 5.
The channel spacing for channel numbers 1 to 400, 472 to 871 and
1536 to 1715 is equal to 25 kHz, while the duplex spacing is equal to
10 MHz.
Band
Class 5
Class 5
Channel
400
Forward
link
Reverse
link
460.0000
MHz
450.0000
MHz
469.9750
MHz
459.9750
MHz
...
...
...
Class 5
Class 5
472
871
420.0000
MHz
410.0000
MHz
429.9750
MHz
419.9750
MHz
...
...
...
Class 5
Class 5
1536
1715
489.0000
MHz
479.0000
MHz
493.4750
MHz
483.4750
MHz

class 5 (part 1)
The channel spacing for the remaining channel numbers 1039 to 1473
and 1792 to 2006 is equal to 20 kHz, while the duplex spacing is also
equal to 10 MHz.
Band
Class 5
Class 5
Channel
1039
1473
Forward
link
Reverse
link
461.3100
MHz
451.3100
MHz
469.9900
MHz
459.9900
MHz
...
...
...
Class 5
Class 5
1792
2016
489.0000
MHz
479.0000
MHz
493.4800
MHz
483.4800
MHz

class 5 (part 2)
Band class 6 corresponds to the IMT-2000 band.
Band
Class 6
Class 6
Class 6
Class 6
Channel
...
1198
1199
Forward link
2110.00 MHz
2110.05 MHz
...
2169.90 MHz
2169.95 MHz
Reverse link
1920.00 MHz
1920.05 MHz
...
1979.90 MHz
1979.95 MHz

class 6
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Band class 7 designates the North American 700 MHz cellular band.
Band
Class 7
Class 7
Class 7
Class 7
Channel
...
358
359
Forward link
746.00 MHz
746.05 MHz
...
763.90 MHz
763.95 MHz
Reverse link
776.00 MHz
776.05 MHz
...
793.90 MHz
793.95 MHz

class 7
Band class 8 is referred to simply as the 1800 MHz band.
Band
Class 8
Class 8
Class 8
Class 8
Channel
...
1498
1499
Forward link
1805.00 MHz
1805.05 MHz
...
1879.90 MHz
1879.95 MHz
Reverse link
1710.00 MHz
1710.05 MHz
...
1784.90 MHz
1784.95 MHz

class 8
Band class 9 designates the 900 MHz band.
Band
Class 9
Class 9
Class 9
Class 9
Channel
...
698
699
Forward link
925.00 MHz
925.05 MHz
...
959.90 MHz
959.95 MHz
Reverse link
880.00 MHz
880.05 MHz
...
914.90 MHz
914.95 MHz

class 9
Band class 10 is also referred to as the secondary 800 MHz band.
The channel spacing is equal to 50 kHz for band class 10. The duplex
spacing is equal to 45 MHz for channels 0 to 719 and the duplex
spacing is equal to 39 MHz for channels 720 to 919. The assignment
of channels to frequencies is divided into two sections.
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Band
Class 10
Class 10
Class 10
Class 10
Channel
719
...
720
919
Forward link
851.000 MHz
868.975 MHz
...
935.000 MHz
939.975 MHz
Reverse link
806.000 MHz
823.975 MHz
...
896.000 MHz
900.975 MHz

class 10
Band class 11 is also known as the European 400 MHz PAMR band.
The assignment of channels to frequencies is divided into a total of
three sections in band class 5.
The channel spacing for channel numbers 1 to 400, 472 to 871 and
1536 to 1715 is equal to 25 kHz, while the duplex spacing is equal to
10 MHz. Channels in band class 11 represent a subset of band class
5.
Band
Class 11
Class 11
Channel
400
Forward
link
Reverse
link
460.0000
MHz
450.0000
MHz
469.9750
MHz
459.9750
MHz
...
...
...
Class 11
Class 11
472
871
420.0000
MHz
410.0000
MHz
429.9750
MHz
419.9750
MHz
...
...
...
Class 11
Class 11
1536
1715
489.0000
MHz
479.0000
MHz
493.4750
MHz
483.4750
MHz

class 11
Band class 12 is also known as the 800 MHz PAMR band.
Band
Class 12
Class 12
Class 12
Class 12
Channel
...
238
239
Forward link
915.0125 MHz
915.0375 MHz
...
920.9625 MHz
920.9875 MHz
Reverse link
870.0125 MHz
870.0375 MHz
...
875.9625 MHz
875.9875 MHz

class 12
Band class 13 corresponds to the IMT-2000 2.5 GHz extension.
Band
Class 13
Class 13
Class 13
Class 13
Channel
...
1398
1399
Forward link
2620.00 MHz
2620.05 MHz
...
2689.45 MHz
2689.50 MHz
Reverse link
2500.00 MHz
2500.05 MHz
...
2569.45 MHz
2569.50 MHz

class 13
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Band class 14 is known as the US PCS 1900 MHz band.

Band
Class 14
Class 14
Class 14
Class 14
Channel
...
1298
1299
Forward link
1930.00 MHz
1930.05 MHz
...
1994.90 MHz
1994.95 MHz
Reverse link
1850.00 MHz
1850.05 MHz
...
1914.90 MHz
1914.95 MHz

class 14
Band class 15 designates the AWS MHz band.
Band
Class 15
Class 15
Class 15
Class 15
Channel
...
898
899
Forward link
2110.00 MHz
2110.05 MHz
...
2154.90 MHz
2154.95 MHz
Reverse link
1710.00 MHz
1710.05 MHz
...
1754.90 MHz
1754.95 MHz

class 15
Band class 16 corresponds to the US 2.5 GHz band.
Band
Class 16
Class 16
Class 16
Class 16
Channel
140
141
...
1458
1459
Forward link
2624.00 MHz
2624.05 MHz
...
2689.90 MHz
2689.95 MHz
Reverse link
2502.00 MHz
2502.05 MHz
...
2567.90 MHz
2567.95 MHz

class 16
Band class 17 designates the US 2.5 GHz Forward Link Only Band.
The channel spacing is equal to 50 kHz for band class 16. The
channels correspond to band class 16.
Band
Class 17
Class 17
Channel
140
141
Forward link
2624.00 MHz
2624.05 MHz
Class 17
Class 17
...
1458
1459
...
2689.90 MHz
2689.95 MHz

class 17
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There is also the US PSB band which currently does not have a clear
band class designation.
The channel spacing is equal to 50 kHz. The duplex spacing is equal
to a 30 MHz.
Band
US PSB
US PSB
US PSB
US PSB
Channel
...
599
600
Forward link
742.00 MHz
742.05 MHz
...
771.95 MHz
772.00 MHz
Reverse link
772.00 MHz
772.05 MHz
...
801.95 MHz
802.00 MHz

class 18
The following tables show the channel assignment used in R&S
CMUgo. A channel for determining the coupling loss is also indicated.
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Band and range
Channels
Reference
channel
Band class 0, low channel
1 to 245 / 991 to 1023 / (1024 to 1323)
Band class 0, mid channel
246 to 522
384
Band class 0, high channel
523 to 799
799
0 to 399
400 to 799
599
800 to 1199
1199
1329 to 1902
1329
1903 to 2047 / 0 to 427
141
428 to 1000
1000
1041 to 1199 / 1201 to 1600
1041
801 to 1039 / 1 to 280
20
281 to 799
799
0 to 199
200 to 399
299
400 to 599
599
539 to 871
539
1 to 300 / 1039 to 1473
67
1792 to 2016
2016
0 to 399
400 to 799
599
800 to 1199
1199
0 to 119
120 to 239
179
240 to 359
359
0 to 499
500 to 999
749
1000 to 1499
1499
Fig. 84 Reference channels and channel assignment in CDMA2000

(part 1)
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Band and range
Channels
Reference channel
0 to 232
233 to 465
349
466 to 699
699
0 to 359
466 to 699
582
720 to 919
919
472 to 871
472
1 to 400
200
1536 to 1715
1715
0 to 79
80 to 159
119
160 to 239
239
0 to 466
467 to 933
700
934 to 1399
1399
0 to 432
433 to 865
649
866 to 1299
1299
0 to 299
300 to 599
449
600 to 899
899
140 to 579
140
580 to 1019
800
1020 to 1459
1459

(part 2)
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Band and range
Channels
Reference channel
140 to 579
140
580 to 1019
800
1020 to 1459
1459
US PSB, low channel
0 to 199
US PSB, mid channel
200 to 399
300
US PSB, high channel
400 to 600
600

(part 3)
Determination of the coupling loss on the reverse

link
Based on the example of the high channel in CDMA2000 band class
0, proceed as follows:


prevent any instrument settings that are not explicitly set from having

as a channel change or handoffs to other bands in particular are
susceptible to dropped calls.
Setting up a test loopback connection (SO 2/9)

The mobile phone must be powered on and register first. Select
service option 2 or service option 9 on the tester for the call type.
Next, make a call using the R&S CMU200. Since this is a test
loopback call, you do not need to do anything else on the telephone.
Softkey / Service Cfg.
Softkey / Selected Service Option 2 or 9
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Fig. 87 Setting the service class option in CDMA2000
Softkey / Connection
Softkey / 1st Service Class Loopback Service
Softkey / Connect MS
Fig. 88 Call setup in CDMA2000
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Setting the channel

The channel setting is also communicated to the telephone via
signaling.
Measuring the maximum power of the telephone

Switch to the "Max. Power" menu. In the default setting, the power
control bits are automatically set in this test menu so that the mobile
phone attains the maximum output power. Depending on the power
class and band class of the telephone, different output power levels
should be expected. Unlike the WCDMA standard, the limits for
maximum power are relatively wide.
For example, in band class 0 and power class III, the expected output
power for maximum power is between 23 dBm and 30 dBm.
Softkey / Power
Softkey / Max. Output O-QPSK
Fig. 89 Max. transmit power measurement in CDMA2000

the antenna base of the mobile phone. The real output power of the
telephone Pmax_ref consists of the power Pmeas_ref measured on the
tester and the cable attenuation ATTcable.
P max_ref = P meas_ref + ATT cable
power of the telephone Pmax_ref consists of the power Pmeas_x measured
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on the tester and the attenuation value in the antenna coupler cable
ATTcoupler. The displayed measured value, however, is dependent in
turn on each attenuation value ATTdefault set in the test instrument.
P max ref = P max_x + ATT coupler ATT default

determined, we now obtain the following formula that takes into
ATT coupler = Pmax_ref P max_x + ATT default
Fig. 92 Determination of the reverse link attenuation in the antenna
coupler
Determination of the coupling loss on the forward

link
Unlike the previously described mobile radio standards, no
measurement report is transmitted in CDMA2000 in which the mobile
phone can inform the base station of its current receive level.
Accordingly, we need a different criterion: The sensitivity of the
receiver.
The basic principle of a receiver sensitivity

measurement
In the field of digital radio engineering, it is common to use a bit error
rate measurement or a frame error rate measurement in order to
assess the quality of reception. A specified level is used for such a
test. A measurement of this sort does not determine the absolute
sensitivity of the receiver. Instead, it says that the receiver has met a
minimum requirement. On the other hand, it is possible using a BER
search or FER search to determine the absolute sensitivity of the
receiver. The signal level on the receive path is minimized until a
specified bit error rate or frame error rate is exceeded. In CDMA2000,
there is no way to take the channel encoding from the signal path.
This means that in CDMA2000, we can only determine the frame error
rate and not the bit error rate. To obtain conclusive results, we need a
minimum number of transmitted frames. This tends to slow down the
measurement considerably.
One method for speeding up a statistical measurement (such as the
frame error rate measurement) involves specifying a confidence level.
For example, if there are no bit errors at the start of the measurement,
the probability of exceeding a specified threshold (upper limit of the
measurement) will be low given a rectangular distribution of the errors.
By taking into account a confidence level, measurements can be
finished relatively quickly as long as no bit errors occur. The closer the
measured values get to the limit, the longer the measurement will
take.
In the frame error rate measurement, however, reaching the threshold
is simultaneously the objective, which is why the confidence level will
speed up the measurement only at certain times.
R&S CMUgo makes use of a three-step method. During a first test
step, a low frame count is used. The signal level is minimized in steps
of 2 dB until the first frame errors are detected. Then, the signal level
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is increased back by 2 dB. The frame count is now increased and the
signal level is decreased in steps of 0.5 dB. The second test step is
also complete as soon as the first errors are detected. Then, the
signal level is raised by 0.5 dB. During the final test step, the full frame
count is used. The signal level is now minimized by default in steps of
0.1 dB as long as the frame errors do not exceed the limit.
The signal level which is attained and which led to the limit being
exceeded reflects the sensitivity of the receiver. The limit should not
be set too low or too high. A limit which is set too low can lead to
inaccurate measurements, since sporadic frame errors can arise
repeatedly in the vicinity of the sensitivity limit. A limit which is set too
high entails the risk of dropped calls. The starting level should also not
be set too low, since dropped calls can also occur in case the receiver
sensitivity is misestimated.
Softkey / Receiver Quality
Softkey / BS Signal Level
Softkey / CDMA Power

The reference measurement produces the reference level of the base
station signal BS Power_ref based on the power level set on the mobile
radio tester BS Power_tester minus the cable attenuation.
Here, the power levels refer to the level at which the limit for the frame
rate measurement was reached.
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BS Power ref = BS Power tester - ATT cable
Fig. 94 Determination of the reference level BS Power_ref
Analogously, the same reference level is obtained when reaching the
limit in the coupler based on the setting for the base station power BS
Power tester_x on the mobile radio tester minus the attenuation in the
antenna coupler including the connected cable ATT coupler plus the
previously set attenuation on the mobile radio tester ATT default.
BS Power ref = BS Power tester_x - ATT coupler + ATT default

Fig. 95
Determination of the reference level BS Power_ref in the

coupler
By rearranging this equation, we can obtain the formula for computing

the coupling loss.
ATT coupler = BS Power tester_x - BS Power ref + ATT default
Fig. 96 Determination of the forward link attenuation in the antenna
coupler
Procedure in R&S CMUgo in CDMA2000

A simple test sequence for a CDMA2000 band
class
CMUgo can be used to easily determine the coupling loss values. A
reference measurement using the golden device on the cable is
required prior to starting.
The sequence should contain the following elements:
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Basic Initializing
CDMA2000 Call Setup
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Fig. 97 A simple example sequence for the CDMA2000 reference

measurement
One of the loopback test modes should be selected for the call setup.
Fig. 98 Settings in the Call Setup dialog

Normally, you will not need to change the settings for the fundamental
channel and the pilot channel.
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Fig. 99 Settings in the CDMA2000 Find Reference dialog

You can specify the starting level, the target frame error rate and the
step size for decreasing the level upon reaching the target. You can
also specify the confidence level for the frame error rate measurement
and the averaging factor for the measurement. You can also specify
attenuation values for the reference measurement to be taken into
account.
If it is not possible to make a measurement but you have suitable
values, you can enable the "Generate fixed reference values (dBm)"
checkbox.
In this case, the values entered in the dialog will be taken into
account.
However, we suggest that you use this method only in exceptional
cases.
Once the test sequence has been initiated and you have determined
suitable reference values, a dialog will appear that you can use to
assign a shortcut to these values.
Fig. 100 Assignment of the reference values to a shortcut
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Once the test is complete, the "Attenuation.INI" file will be extended to

include the following values.
[C2K_TESTPHONE]
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_L=22.60
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_M=23.05
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_H=22.75
BC0_REF_SENS_L=-106.10
BC0_REF_SENS_M=-106.10
BC0_REF_SENS_H=-106.10
The "CDMA2000 Find Attenuation" test item

During a second test sequence, it is now necessary to determine the
coupling attenuation in the antenna coupler. The procedure used here
is very similar to the reference measurement.
The sequence should contain the following elements:
Basic Initializing
CDMA2000 Call Setup
CDMA2000 Find Attenuation
Fig. 102 A simple example sequence for CDMA2000 Find Attenuation
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As was the case during the reference measurement, set one of the
loopback test modes for the call setup.

Normally, you will not need to change the settings for the fundamental
channel and the pilot channel.
Fig. 104 Settings in the CDMA2000 Find Attenuation dialog

You can specify the starting level, the target frame error rate and the
step size for decreasing the level upon reaching the target. In addition,
you can specify the confidence level for the frame error rate
measurement and the averaging factor for the measurement. You can
also specify attenuation values for the reference measurement to be
taken into account.
The settings should correspond to those used in the reference
measurement.
Once the measurements have been completed, a dialog will appear
that prompts you to select the corresponding shortcut. Once this is
done, the computed attenuation values will be displayed.
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Fig. 105 Assignment of the coupling attenuation values to a shortcut

Click the "Cancel" button if you want to discard the values and
interrupt this process. Click the "OK" button to transfer the values to
the editor for the database.
Fig. 106 Editor for the CDMA2000 database

The newly added attenuation values will be highlighted using a yellow
background. In this dialog, you can now specify the missing values for
the reference position, the name of the image files and other similar
details. Once the entries are complete, click the "Update" button and
the data will be updated in the database. The entries will also be
updated in the "Attenuation.INI" file.
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[C2K_TESTPHONE]
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_L=22.60
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_M=23.05
BC0_REF_MAX_POW_H=22.75
BC0_REF_SENS_L=-106.10
BC0_REF_SENS_M=-106.10
BC0_REF_SENS_H=-106.10
BC0_FIND_MAX_POW_L=13.00
BC0_FIND_MAX_POW_M=13.56
BC0_FIND_MAX_POW_H=13.19
BC0_FIND_SENS_L=-95.10
BC0_FIND_SENS_M=-95.10
BC0_FIND_SENS_H=-95.10
BC0_ATTIN_L=9.60
BC0_ATTIN_M=9.49
BC0_ATTIN_H=9.56
BC0_ATTOUT_L=11.00
BC0_ATTOUT_M=11.00
BC0_ATTOUT_H=11.00
7 The Different Modes Provided by R&S CMUgo

R&S CMUgo provides many different ways to select automated
sequences. This means that R&S CMUgo can be integrated into
highly diverse processes used by individual companies. It also
simplifies integration into individual user processes.
The selection of sequences is important, but the assignment of
attenuation values to a corresponding telephone type is also crucial
for successful test operation.
Due to the huge number of mobile phone types currently available, it
is obviously not possible to write a separate sequence for every
telephone. Accordingly, the sequence should be based on the
underlying technology. Details relating to, for example, the telephone
type play no role in the procedure. Only selected parameters such as
the attenuation values must be adapted.
CDMA2000 plays a special role. Besides the attenuation values, it is
also necessary to know on which channel a telephone can register
and which SID and NID must be used.
These entries are not required in WCDMA and GSM, since test SIM
cards are used.
With R&S CMUgo, we recommend using the test SIM card from
Rohde & Schwarz, since the default settings of the R&S CMU200 and
R&S CMUgo are oriented toward the parameters of the test SIM card.
In the following sections, we will now discuss the different operating
modes in greater detail.
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8 Reading in the Sequence Name Using a Barcode

Direct entry of the sequence name
One basic requirement for software used to test a wide variety of
devices in service applications is the ability to select test sequences in
an automated manner. The easiest approach involves selecting the
test sequence with a barcode reader. For example, the sequence
name is read from an attached tag on which the barcode is printed.
You can activate the barcode mode in the "Options" menu provided by
R&S CMUgo.
Fig. 108 The "Options" menu

You can also activate it in the toolbox bar provided by R&S CMUgo.
Fig. 109 Toolbox selection of the barcode reader

R&S CMUgo also makes it possible to use parts of the barcode for
determining the sequence. In the example shown here, the sequence
name begins at position 3 and has a total of 11 characters . The
underlying position index begins at 0.
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*ABGSMDUALBANDXXX*
SEQUENCE 4
SEQUENCE 3
GSMDUALBAND
SEQUENCE 1
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Testset
Fig. 110 Barcode reader for direct input of the sequence
Indirect entry of the sequence name

Another approach for using a barcode reader involves reading in
some other text such as the sales designation for the mobile phone.
Based on an assignment in the "Sequence.INI" file, the actual name of
the sequence is then determined. This is also a way of reusing
sequences.
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TESTPHONE ABC123
SEQUENCE.INI
[PHONELIST1]
TESTPHONE ABC123 = GSMDUALBAND
TESTPHONE DEF456 = GSMDUALBAND
TESTPHONE XYZ987 = GSMTRIBAND
SEQUENCE 4
SEQUENCE 3
GSMDUALBAND
SEQUENCE 1
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Testset
Fig. 111 Barcode reader for indirect input of the sequence
Entering the shortcut

Similar to the approach involving indirect input of the test sequence,
you can also read in shortcuts using a barcode reader. Shortcuts
could again be, for example, the model designation of the mobile
phone. In addition to indirect input, shortcuts can also be used to
define the attenuation values. More details on this approach are
provided in a later section.
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TESTPHONE ABC123
SHORTCUT.INI
[PHONELIST1]
TESTPHONE DEF891 = GSMTRIBAND
SEQUENCE 4
SEQUENCE 3
GSMDUALBAND
SEQUENCE 1
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Testset
Fig. 112 Barcode reader for input of the shortcuts
9 Determination of the Sequence Name via User Input

Direct selection of the sequence name
R&S CMUgo provides a combo box in the toolbox bar. Once you open
the combo box, you can see the sequences that are found in the
corresponding sequence directory.
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Fig. 113 Selection of the sequence in the toolbox combo box
You can specify the directory in the "Options" menu provided by
R&S CMUgo using the "Directories " command.

If no directory is specified, the directory in which R&S CMUgo was
installed is used automatically.
Fig. 115 Specification of the sequence directory

In the "Options" menu, you will also find the entry "Sequencer waits
for User Input". If this mode was activated, a check will appear next to
the menu entry. The toolbox provided by R&S CMUgo also contains a
button for activating the dialog for user input.
Fig. 116 Toolbox selection of user dialog for sequence selection

Once you click the start button for R&S CMUgo, a dialog will appear in
which you can easily select the sequence name using the up and
down cursor keys on the keyboard. Once you press the enter key, the
selected sequence will be started.
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Fig. 117 User dialog for direct sequence selection
Entering a shortcut
The basic principle of shortcuts was previously described in the
section about reading in the sequence name using a barcode. In
contrast to this mode, the corresponding shortcuts are listed here in
the user dialog for entering the sequence.
Fig. 118 User dialog for indirect sequence selection using shortcuts
If there is a picture of the telephone in the database for shortcut
dependent attenuation, it will also be displayed in this dialog.
Alternatively, you can also make an appropriate selection using the
three combo boxes on the left side of the dialog.
The three levels that are shown are derived directly from the name of
the shortcut. The boundary between the individual levels is formed by
a space.
This makes it possible to realize an arbitrary hierarchy with up to three
levels. The title of the individual combo boxes can also be configured.
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Fig. 119 User dialog for sequence selection using individual levels
The lower three input fields in the "Sequence Listbox / Shortcut
Configuration" dialog via which the "Options" menu in R&S CMUgo
can be called up are used for this purpose.
Fig. 120 Configuration of the user dialog and the shortcuts

In the same dialog, it is also possible to select the shortcut mode by
activating the mode "Uses the entries of SHORTCUT.INI". The
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"Shortcut.ini" file can have different sections, each of which begins
with "PHONELIST" and is complemented by a corresponding number.
[PHONELIST1]
Fig. 121 The "SHORTCUT.INI" file

Each entry begins with the name of the shortcut followed by an equals
sign (=) and the name of the test sequence. You can also edit the
"Shortcut.ini" file in the "Sequence Listbox / Shortcut Configuration"
dialog. Either an existing shortcut is selected in the combo box, or you
can enter a new shortcut name in the editing field below. To the right,
the name of the test sequence is specified. You can display the list of
existing sequences by clicking the "" button.
Once you have made your entry, click the "Update" button and the
new entry will be entered.
You can delete existing entries from the "Shortcut.ini" file by clicking
the "Delete" button.
You can also specify the font size for the user dialog in three steps.
As an alternative to this user dialog, you can select the shortcuts in
the combo box on the toolbox bar.
Fig. 122 Selection of the shortcut in the toolbox combo box

The following figure summarizes the basic principle behind sequence
selection using shortcuts.
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TESTPHONE ABC123
TESTPHONE ABC567
TESTPHONE DEF891
SHORTCUT.INI
[PHONELIST1]
SEQUENCE 4
SEQUENCE 3
GSMDUALBAND
SEQUENCE 1
Basic Initializing
GSM Call Setup
GSM Testset
Fig. 123 Relationship between the shortcut and the test sequence
The shortcut extension in CDMA2000

In CDMA2000, each network operator uses a specific combination of
the channel number, system identifier (SID) and network identifier
(NID). "Shortcut extensions" can be created to make it unnecessary to
create multiple entries for the attenuation values and also for the
sequence to be used. This is also handled using the " Sequence
Listbox / Shortcut Configuration" dialog.
Click the "Use Shortcut Extensions" checkbox.
After you click the "Extensions for CDMA2000 / 1xEvDO" button, a
new dialog will appear.
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Fig. 124 Definition of the shortcut extensions

Here, you can enter the parameters for the network operator in
question. In addition to the previously described parameters for the
channel number for registration and call setup, the SID and the NID,
you can also enter the mobile country code (MCC) to prevent a
telephone from being operated in roaming mode. Typically, roaming
will result in significantly longer registration times. The shortcut
extension will be appended to the shortcuts that were defined for
CDMA2000.
We can show how this works using a simple example. In the
attenuation values database for CDMA2000 and in the
"SHORTCUT.INI" file, three mobile phones have been saved:
"MobileType1",
"MobileType2"
and "MobileType3". In the
"C2NETWPARAMETER.TXT" file, the shortcut extensions were saved
in this example for "ProviderA" and "ProviderB".
The shortcuts and the shortcut extensions are combined, which is why
a total of six entries appear in the list in the user dialog or in the
combo box in the toolbox provided by R&S CMUgo.
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MobileType1
ProviderA
MobileType2
ProviderB
MobileType3
MobileType1 ProviderA
MobileType1 ProviderB
Fig. 125 Combination of the shortcuts and shortcut extensions
10 Assignment of the Attenuation Values

So far, we have described how it is possible to automate sequence
selection. The assignment of the attenuation values can be treated
independently, however. This is possible in three ways:
The sequence contains the attenuation values to be used.
The attenuation values are derived from the type approval

code (TAC).
The attenuation values are assigned to the shortcuts.
The first method is applicable only in conjunction with wired

measurements. Otherwise, the number of sequences to be
maintained will quickly grow to an unmanageable number.
The approach involving linking the attenuation values with the type
approval code (TAC) can be used only in GSM and WCDMA (but not
in CDMA2000). In most cases, this mode is easy to use. However,
there are also cases in which a different antenna arrangement might
be used without a new TAC being assigned, or we might like to test a
certain telephone type with and without the housing. In these cases,
the shortcut mode works best.
The most flexible method is the shortcut dependent mode, but it
requires somewhat more maintenance then the TAC dependent
mode.
Additional details about TAC dependent mode and shortcut
dependent mode are provided in the following sections.
11 The Database for TAC Dependent Attenuation

In order to be able to access the dialog for TAC dependent
attenuation value settings, the relevant mode must be activated.
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Select the "TAC Dependent Attenuation" entry in the "Configuration"
menu . Activation of the mode is indicated by a checkmark prior to the
menu entry. You can deselect the mode by selecting the "Shortcut
Dependent Attenuation" mode or by clicking again with your mouse on
the "TAC Dependent Attenuation" entry.
Fig. 126 Menu entries for TAC dependent attenuation

In the "Specific Attenuation Table" submenu, you will now find entries for
"GSM/WCDMA" and also the entry "GSM/WCDMA (Alternative)". There is a
complete (separate) database underlying the alternative entry. It can be
used, for example, for test purposes without having to modify the original
table. It is also possible, depending on the interface of the R&S CMU200, to
assign the standard table to the input/output RF2 and the alternative
attenuation value table to the input/output RF1. Both modes are activated
using the menu entries "Use Alternative Attenuation Table" or "Alternative
Table used for RF1/ Standard Table used for RF2".
If you activate the entry "GSM/WCDMA", the dialog for editing the
attenuation database for GSM and WCDMA telephones will be displayed.
The entries already contained in the database can be accessed using the
"Existing Phone Types" combo box. Each telephone type can have multiple
type approval codes (TAC), which is why a given telephone type might
appear more than once. Use the yellow cursor keys on the right side to
move to the next telephone type more quickly. This allows you to skip over
multiple entries.
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Fig. 127 Dialog for TAC dependent attenuation

The type approval code for the respective entry is displayed in the
"TAC" field. If you would just like to add a new type approval code to
an existing telephone type, enter it into the "TAC" input field and click
the "Update" button. The entries for a given telephone type include the
filename of the image file, the reference position of the telephone on
the antenna coupler and the determined attenuation values. The
attenuation values are displayed in separate tabs for
"GSM900/1800/1900", "GSM400/850", "WCDMA Band I-III", "WCDMA
Band IV-VI" and "WCDMA VII-IX".
To obtain optimum results, the image files should be in the following
format:
Width: 150 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
24-bit color
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)
In addition to the image of the telephone, you should also prepare an

image that documents the position of the telephone in the antenna
coupler.
The filename for the second image is the same as that of the main
image, but with "POS_" at the start of the filename. Optimum results
are obtained as follows:
Width: 300 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
24-bit color (or black-and-white)
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)
You can access existing image files using the "" button. This button
lists all of the existing image files in the current directory.
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Fig. 128 Selection of the image file in the dialog for TAC dependent
attenuation
The path containing the image files can also be specified. It is
independent of the path that contains the database.
Using the appropriate path entries, you can also build a number of
independent databases corresponding, for example, to the different
levels of mobile radio service.
The "Special handling required" checkbox determines whether the
following dialog is displayed to the user after the telephone is
registered prior to call setup:
Fig. 129 Dialog for positioning the telephone

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The checkboxes next to the band designation are intended to indicate
that this mobile phone supports this band. In conjunction with the
"Check Mobile Capabilities" test item in a test sequence, it is possible
to determine whether the sequence matches the telephone
technology. For example, this is a way of verifying whether a GSM
triband telephone is being (incorrectly) tested using a GSM dual-band
sequence.
To enter a new telephone type, indicate the name of the new
telephone in the "New Phone Type" input field. Once you have made
all of your entries, click the "Update" button.
If you modify entries for an existing telephone and then click the
"Update" button, a dialog will appear asking you to confirm your
changes before they are saved to the database.
Fig. 130 Dialog for saving modified attenuation values

If you would like to save multiple type approval codes (TACs) for this
telephone type, you can decide whether to apply the change for all
TACs associated with this telephone type or only for the specific TAC.
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Click the "Cancel" button if you do not wish to save the new values in
the database.
Prior to registration of the telephone and thus before the type approval
code (TAC) is known, default values are used for the attenuation
values.
These values can be modified using commands in the "Default
Attenuation Table" submenu.
Fig. 132 Menu entries for the default attenuation values

The attenuation values are displayed in separate tabs for
"GSM900/1800/1900", "GSM400/850", "WCDMA Band I-III", "WCDMA
Band IV-VI" and "WCDMA VII-IX".
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Fig. 133 Dialog for editing the default attenuation values
Please use caution when selecting these values, since prior to
registration, the correct attenuation values are not known, nor is the
ideal position. Also be sure to never set values that are too high, since
overdriving the R&S CMU200 can prevent proper registration.
12 Procedure When Using TAC Dependent Attenuation

Sequence selection can be handled in many different ways, as was
described above. Selection is also possible using a barcode reader or
a shortcut. At the start of the initial call setup, default values are
loaded for the attenuation values. They should be selected such that
the query of the type approval code (TAC) is possible during the
registration process. It is most important to prevent overdriving the
R&S CMU200 test instrument.
Once registration has been successfully completed, the type approval
code (TAC) should be known. The mobile-specific attenuation values
are now loaded. Call setup is now initiated using these attenuation
values. The data loaded from the database is also used later when
changing channels during subsequent tests.
Shortcut
Sequence (n+3)
Initial
Attenuation values
Sequence (n+2)
Sequence (n+1)
Sequence (n)
Initialization
Database
(TAC index)
Call Setup
Registration
TAC?
BARCODE
Attenuation values
Dialog to place the mobile!
MOC/MTC
Test Item [m]

Test Item [m+1]
Test Item [m+2]
Fig. 134 Procedure for TAC dependent attenuation values
13 Database for Shortcut Dependent Attenuation in CDMA2000

and 1xEvDo
In order to be able to access the dialog for shortcut dependent
Select the "Shortcut Dependent Attenuation" entry in the
"Configuration" menu. Activation of the mode is indicated by a
checkmark prior to the menu entry. You can deselect the mode by
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selecting the "TAC Dependent Attenuation" mode or by clicking again
with your mouse on the "Shortcut Dependent Attenuation" entry.
Fig. 135 Menu entries for shortcut dependent attenuation

In the "Specific Attenuation Table" submenu, you will now find entries
for "GSM/WCDMA" and "CDMA2000" as well as the entries
"GSM/WCDMA (Alternative)" and "CDMA2000 (Alternative)". The
alternative entries are based on complete (separate) databases. They
can be used, for example, for test purposes without having to modify
the original tables. It is also possible, depending on the interface of
the R&S CMU200, to assign the standard table to the input/output
RF2 and the alternative attenuation value table to the input/output
RF1. Both modes are activated using the menu entries "Use
Alternative Attenuation Table" or "Alternative Table used for RF1 /
Standard Table used for RF2".
In CDMA2000 and 1xEvDo, only the "Shortcut Dependent
Attenuation" mode is available, since this standard does not have a
value that is comparable to the type approval code (TAC).
If you activate the entry "CDMA2000", the dialog for editing the
attenuation database for CDMA2000 telephones will be displayed.
The data that is recorded as well as the structure of the dialog are
very similar to the previously described dialog for the TAC dependent
database.
The entries for a telephone type include the filename of the image file,
the reference position of the telephone on the antenna coupler and
the determined attenuation values. The attenuation values are divided
into four areas. Due to the number of possible band classes in
CDMA2000 and 1xEvDo and also due to the fact that most telephones
are dual-band devices at most, this classification system is generally
adequate. Band classes that are in the same frequency range are
grouped together. This produces a classification system that groups
together the following band classes:
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Band class 5 and 11
Band class 0, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12 and 18
Band class 1, 4, 8 and 14
Band class 6, 13, 15, 16 and 17
The attenuation values are entered for the input and output in each
case for a low, middle and high range. The channel assignment can
be viewed using the tooltips. Hold the mouse pointer over the input
field you are interested in for a certain period of time. To be able to
display all the channels given the length of the channel assignment,
some of the channels are displayed over the input field for the input
attenuation and the other channels are displayed when the mouse
pointer hovers over the input field for the output attenuation.
Fig. 136 Dialog for shortcut dependent attenuation in CDMA2000

The "Filename for Picture" input field is used to specify the image file
to be used.
format:
Width: 150 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
24-bit color
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)

coupler.
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Width: 300 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)
attenuation
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The dialog does not have an input field for entering new shortcuts. As
a result, you must define the shortcuts first so that you will be able to
assign attenuation values in this dialog.
Two combo boxes are contained in this dialog. The first combo box
("Sequence and Pathloss is defined") shows all of the shortcuts for
which entries are already present in the database of attenuation
values. The second combo box ("Only Sequence is defined") shows
the shortcuts that were defined in the "SHORTCUT.INI" file but for
which no entries are yet present in the database.
First, you must use these combo boxes to select a shortcut. Then,
enter the attenuation values, the position in the coupler, the image file
and all related details. Once you have finished inputting the data, click
the "Update" button.
If you modify entries for an existing telephone, a dialog will appear
asking you to confirm the changes before they are saved in the
database.
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Using the yellow cursor keys on the right side, you can navigate more
quickly to the next entry in the combo box "Sequence and Pathloss is
defined".
14 Database for Shortcut Dependent Attenuation in GSM and

WCDMA
In order to be able to access the dialog for shortcut dependent
Select the "Shortcut Dependent Attenuation" entry in the
"Configuration" menu . Activation of the mode is indicated by a
checkmark to the left of the menu entry. You can deselect the mode
by selecting the "TAC Dependent Attenuation" mode or by clicking
again with your mouse on the "Shortcut Dependent Attenuation" entry.

In the "Specific Attenuation Table" submenu, you will now find entries
for "GSM/WCDMA" and "CDMA2000" as well as the entries
"GSM/WCDMA (Alternative)" and "CDMA2000 (Alternative)". The
alternative entries are based on complete (separate) databases. They
can be used, for example, for test purposes without having to modify
the original tables. It is also possible, depending on the interface of
the R&S CMU200, to assign the standard table to the input/output
RF2 and the alternative attenuation value table to the input/output
RF1. Both modes are activated using the menu entries "Use
Alternative Attenuation Table" or "Alternative Table used for RF1 /
Standard Table used for RF2".
If you activate the entry "GSM/WCDMA", the dialog for editing the
attenuation database for GSM and WCDMA telephones will be
displayed.
The data that is recorded as well as the structure of the dialog are
very similar to the previously described dialog for the TAC dependent
database.
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The entries for a telephone type include the filename of the image file,
the reference position of the telephone on the antenna coupler and
the determined attenuation values. The attenuation values are
displayed in separate tabs for "GSM900/1800/1900", "GSM400/850",
"WCDMA Band I-III", "WCDMA Band IV-VI" and "WCDMA VII-IX".
format:
Width: 150 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
24-bit color
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)

coupler.
Width: 300 pixels
Height: 300 pixels
Format: Windows
bitmap (BMP)
Fig. 141 Dialog for shortcut dependent attenuation in GSM/WCDMA

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attenuation

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The dialog does not have an input field for entering new shortcuts. As
a result, you must define the shortcuts first so that you will be able to
assign attenuation values in this dialog.
Two combo boxes are contained in this dialog. The first combo box
("Sequence and Pathloss is defined") shows all of the shortcuts for
which entries are already present in the database of attenuation
values. The second combo box ("Only Sequence is defined") shows
the shortcuts that were defined in the "SHORTCUT.INI" file but for
which no entries are yet present in the database.
First, you must use these combo boxes to select a shortcut. Then,
enter the attenuation values, the position in the coupler, the image file
and all related details. Once you have finished inputting the data, click
the "Update" button.
If you modify entries for an existing telephone, a dialog will appear
asking you to confirm the changes before they are saved in the
database.

Using the yellow cursor keys on the right side, you can navigate more
quickly to the next entry in the combo box "Sequence and Pathloss is
defined".
Data can be imported from the TAC dependent mode for the shortcut
dependent mode. This means that it is also possible to import the
attenuation values that were determined using the "Find Attenuation"
mechanism. Click the "Import values " button. In the dialog that
appears, you can now select an existing telephone in the database of
TAC dependent attenuation values.
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Fig. 145 Dialog for importing values from the "TAC dependent
attenuation" database
After you click the "OK" button, the corresponding attenuation values
will be imported and displayed in the dialog.
15 Procedure When Using Shortcut Dependent Attenuation

Sequences are selected using a shortcut. At the start of the first, the
mobile-specific attenuation values are loaded. The benefit of this is
that these attenuation values can be used starting with the registration
process. Call setup is now initiated as well using these attenuation
values. These
attenuation values are also used for the following tests during
subsequent channel changes.
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Sequence (n+3)
Shortcut
Sequence (n+2)
Sequence (n+1)
Database
(Shortcut index)
Sequence (n)
Attenuation values
Initialization
Call Setup
Dialog to place the mobile!
MOC/MTC
Test Item [m]

Test Item [m+1]
Test Item [m+2]
Fig. 146 Procedure for shortcut dependent attenuation values
16 Features of the R&S CMU200V02 and R&S CMU200V10

Due to its flexibility and measurement speed with simultaneously high
measurement accuracy, the R&S CMU200 universal radio
communication tester is equally popular in all areas of production,
development and quality assurance. However, such great flexibility or
high measurement speed is not necessary in many specific
applications. It is precisely in these applications that the cost factor
tends to be most crucial. Accordingly, we now offer two new models
for the R&S CMU200. These models are specially optimized for use
in high-end service (R&S CMU200V10 I model 10) or in board level
testing/alignment (R&S CMU200V30 I model 30). Due to their
limitation to a particular application area, these instruments can be
manufactured in a cost-effective manner for sale at a very attractive
price.
The standard R&S CMU200V02 universal radio communication
tester as well as the R&S CMU200V10 high-end service tester
support all of the applications described here. For the sake of
completeness, we will also briefly discuss the R&S CMU200V30
non-signaling tester, which can also be used for service and repair of
mobile phones. This instrument is used especially for calibrating
mobile phones. Since no signaling is available in this model, it does
not support the applications presented here.
R&SCMU200V10 high-end service tester
A test instrument for service applications must be versatile.
Accordingly, a mobile radio test setup for service work should perform
general RF measurements and be capable of handling all of the
relevant mobile radio standards such as GSM, WCDMA/HSDPA and
CDMA2000/1xEV-DO. In the service sector, the price of a test
instrument is typically an important criterion either in favor of or
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against the instrument. On the other hand, the measurement speed is
generally less important. The R&S CMU200V10 is designed for use
in service applications. This service tester comes factory-equipped
with all of the software packages needed for service applications
involving GSM, GPRS, EGPRS, WCDMA/HSDPA, CDMA2000/1xEVDO and Bluetooth measurements and signaling. To enable the
features, only the relevant signaling module is required (see the
section with ordering information). Naturally, all of the generally
applicable measurement and generator functions for calibration of
mobile phones are also available. In addition, the R&S CMU200V10
supports the latest concepts used in calibration of mobile phones.
Transmitter measurements such as smart alignment (R&S CMUK47) and I/Q versus slot (R&S CMU-K48) are included as standard
features for polar modulator adjustment.
The setting and measurement speeds are slightly restricted compared
to the standard model 02, and development-specific options cannot be
installed on the service tester. The R&S CMU200V10 can be
equipped additionally with the options R&SCMU-B52 and
R&SCMU-B41 to provide comprehensive audio test capabilities for
GSM/WCDMA. The R&SCMU-B85 option for audio tests in
CDMA2000 is also supported. The R&S CMU200V10 thus makes
available all of the standard-specific measurement features required in
service applications such as diverse power measurements, spectrum
measurements, BER and BLER. All of the standard-specific signaling
features such as call setup and cleardown, channel and power
switching, handover within a standard, and handover between
WCDMA and GSM are also taken into account. The measurement
and signaling functionality provided in the R&S CMU200V10 is thus
identical
to
the
functionality
in
the
standard
model
(R&S CMU200V02) when outfitted with the appropriate options. The
R&S CMU200V10 can also be equipped with the R&SCMU-B99
option. Due to the two identically equipped RF interfaces, this option is
ideal for usage in final testing. One mobile phone can be tested or
verified on one interface while the next mobile phone is being adapted
on the second interface.
The R&S CMU200V10 is our ideal recommendation for users who
need a lot of features at a cost-effective price.
R&SCMU200V30 non-signaling tester
The R&S CMU200V30 is intended primarily for use on production
lines. This model of the tester is also well-suited for calibration of
mobile phones in service factories (service centers that handle very
large quantities of phones).
Extremely optimized processes are required to manage such large
quantities of telephones. One approach for optimization involves
setting up stations that are used exclusively for calibration of mobile
phones.
Besides measurement accuracy, measurement speed is also
important in this application area. Accordingly, the high measurement
and setting speed provided by the standard model has been retained
in this model. Model 30 of the R&S CMU200 is factory-equipped to
perform GSM, WCDMA, CDMA and 1xEV-DO transmitter and receiver
measurements in non-signaling mode as well as all of the relevant
general measurements. In addition, all of the calibration-specific
measurements such as smart alignment (R&SCMU-K47) and I/Q
1CM69
91
Rohde & Schwarz

versus slot (R&SCMU-K48) for polar modulator adjustment are
standard features in this instrument.
Since calibration tools used by mobile radio manufacturers often do
not require signaling capabilities, the R&S CMU200V30 represents a
very attractive alternative for applications involving servicing of large
quantities of telephones.
Fig. 147 Service procedure for mobile phones
17 Table of figures
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
1 Positioning grid for the CMU-Z10/Z11 antenna coupler

2 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 450 / 480 / 850 / 900
3 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 1800 / 1900
4 TCH-26 multiframe structure
5 RXLev value vs. input level
6 GSM 900 channels and uplink frequencies
11 GSM reference channels
12 Resetting the R&S CMU200
13 Setting the attenuation values in the R&S CMU200
14 Call setup in GSM900 on the R&S CMU200
15 PCL setting on the R&S CMU200
16 PCL setting on the CMU200
17 Measurement of the average power of the burst signal
18 Determination of the reference power Pout_ref
19 Ratio of the reference power Pout_ref to the coupler attenuation
20 Determination of the uplink attenuation in the antenna coupler
1CM69
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7
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Fig. 21 Setting the TCH level and measurement of the RX level
Fig. 22 Determination of the downlink attenuation in the antenna coupler
Fig. 25 Configuration of the "GSM Find Attenuation" test item
Fig. 26 GSM quadband sequence for determining the coupling loss
Fig. 27 Setting the band indicator
Fig. 32 Preamble power computation in WCDMA
Fig. 33 Open-loop power computation for the DPCCH in WCDMA
Fig. 34 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band I
Fig. 35 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band II
Fig. 36 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band II
Fig. 37 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band III
Fig. 38 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band IV
Fig. 39 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band IV
Fig. 40 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band V
Fig. 41 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band V
Fig. 42 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VI
Fig. 43 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VII
Fig. 44 Downlink special channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VII
Fig. 46 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band VIII
Fig. 47 Downlink channels and frequencies in WCDMA band IX
Fig. 48 Reference channels and frequency assignment in WCDMA
Fig. 51 Verification of the power class of the UE on the R&S CMU200
Fig. 55 Setting the CPICH level and measurement of the CPICH RSCP level on the R&S CMU200
Fig. 59 Configuration of the "WCDMA Find Attenuation" test item
Fig. 64 Channel and frequency assignments for CDMA2000 band class 0
Fig. 69 Channel and frequency assignments for CDMA2000 band class 5 (part 1)
Fig. 70 Channel and frequency assignments for CDMA2000 band class 5 (part 2)
1CM69
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Rohde & Schwarz

Fig. 84 Reference channels and channel assignment in CDMA2000 (part 1)
Fig. 87 Setting the service class option in CDMA2000
Fig. 88 Call setup in CDMA2000
Fig. 92 Determination of the reverse link attenuation in the antenna coupler
Fig. 94 Determination of the reference level BS Power_ref
Fig. 95 Determination of the reference level BS Power_ref in the coupler
Fig. 96 Determination of the forward link attenuation in the antenna coupler
Fig. 97 A simple example sequence for the CDMA2000 reference measurement
Fig. 99 Settings in the CDMA2000 Find Reference dialog
Fig. 100 Assignment of the reference values to a shortcut
Fig. 102 A simple example sequence for CDMA2000 Find Attenuation
Fig. 104 Settings in the CDMA2000 Find Attenuation dialog
Fig. 105 Assignment of the coupling attenuation values to a shortcut
Fig. 106 Editor for the CDMA2000 database
Fig. 109 Toolbox selection of the barcode reader
Fig. 110 Barcode reader for direct input of the sequence
Fig. 111 Barcode reader for indirect input of the sequence
Fig. 112 Barcode reader for input of the shortcuts
Fig. 113 Selection of the sequence in the toolbox combo box
Fig. 115 Specification of the sequence directory
Fig. 116 Toolbox selection of user dialog for sequence selection
Fig. 117 User dialog for direct sequence selection
Fig. 118 User dialog for indirect sequence selection using shortcuts
Fig. 119 User dialog for sequence selection using individual levels
Fig. 120 Configuration of the user dialog and the shortcuts
Fig. 121 The "SHORTCUT.INI" file
Fig. 122 Selection of the shortcut in the toolbox combo box
Fig. 123 Relationship between the shortcut and the test sequence
Fig. 124 Definition of the shortcut extensions
Fig. 125 Combination of the shortcuts and shortcut extensions
Fig. 126 Menu entries for TAC dependent attenuation
Fig. 127 Dialog for TAC dependent attenuation
Fig. 128 Selection of the image file in the dialog for TAC dependent attenuation
Fig. 132 Menu entries for the default attenuation values
Fig. 133 Dialog for editing the default attenuation values
Fig. 134 Procedure for TAC dependent attenuation values
Fig. 136 Dialog for shortcut dependent attenuation in CDMA2000
Fig. 141 Dialog for shortcut dependent attenuation in GSM/WCDMA
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Rohde & Schwarz

Fig. 145 Dialog for importing values from the "TAC dependent attenuation" database
Fig. 146 Procedure for shortcut dependent attenuation values
Fig. 147 Service procedure for mobile phones
89
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18 Additional Information
Please send any comments or suggestions concerning this
Application Note to TM-Applications@rsd.rohde-schwarz.com.
1CM69
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Rohde & Schwarz
19 Ordering Information
The following table describes a typical configuration for the R&S
CMU200 universal radio communication tester and the R&S
CMU200V10 high-end service tester. Out of the options available as
part of the R&SCMU200 platform, only those relevant in service
applications are listed here. The mobile radio standards GSM /
WCDMA and CDMA2000 (including HSDPA and 1xEvDO) are taken
into account along with the Bluetooth standard.
Legend for the options table:
Required option for functioning of the standard.
Option installed as standard (applies to the R&S CMU200V10; software options are
activated after the required hardware has been installed.
Selectable option for expanding the functionality of the base unit.
Not applicable.
CMU200V10
CMU-B11 (1)
Base unit for universal radio communication

tester with the following accessories: power
cord, operating and service manual for
instrument.
Bluetooth
cdma2000
R&S CMU200V10
(High-End Service Tester)
WCDMA /
HSDPA
CMU200
Bluetooth
Description
cdma2000
Type R&S
WCDMA /
HSDPA
GSM/GPR
S/EDGE
R&S CMU200
(Universal Radio
Communication Tester)
GSM/GPR
S/EDGE
1100.0008.02
Base unit for high-end service tester,

including OCXO (R&S CMU-B12) and
software options for GSM/GPRS/EDGE,
WCDMA and cdma2000. (Functionality is
activated by adding the corresponding
hardware.)
1100.0008.10
-7
Reference OCXO, aging 2x10 /year.
1100.5000.02
-8
CMU-B12 (1)
High-stability OCXO, aging 3.5x10 /year.

Oven crystal with highest long-term stability.
CMU-B21
Universal signaling unit. Includes signaling

module for GSM/GPRS/EGPRS.
CMU-B41
Audio generator and analyzer. Includes audio

frequency (AF) generator, voltmeter,
distortion meter.
1100.5100.02
-
1100.5200.54
1100.5300.02
CMU-B52
Internal versatile multimode speech

coder/decoder; R&S CMU-B21 necessary
CMU-B53
Bluetooth extension. R&S CMU-B21

necessary.
CMU-B56
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) signaling module for

R&S CMU-B21 var14.
CMU-B68
Versatile baseband board for WCDMA

(3GPP FDD) Layer-1, DL and UL, nonsignaling.
CMU-B83
cdma2000 1X signaling unit.
CMU-B85
8k/13k QCELP, 8k EVRC speech codec for

R&S CMU-B83 cdma2000 signaling unit.
CMU-B89
1xEV-DO signaling module

(requires R&S CMU-B83/V22)
1CM69
Order
number
1100.5400.14
1100.5700.14
1150.1850.14
1149.9809.02
96
1150.0301.22
1100.7002.22
1159.3090.02
Rohde & Schwarz

CMU-B95
2nd Tx RF channel, covering requirements of

current BCCH by GSM/GPRS/EGPRS
CMU-B99
RF1 level range identical to RF2.
CMU-K43
EGPRS classic (EDGE) signaling test

software for all GSM test software packages.
CMU-K47
R&S Smart Alignment for GSM/WCDMA and

CDMA2000
CMU-K48
I/Q versus SLOT measurement for

adjustment of polar modulators
CMU-K53
Bluetooth test software.
CMU-PK20 (2)
Software package for R&S CMU200

including GSM850 + 900 + 1800 + 1900 +
GPRS signaling (R&S CMU-K21, -K22,
-K23, -K24, -K42)
CMU-PK60 (2)

including WCDMA signaling: 3GPP/FDD/UE,
TX test, DL generator, band
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9
(R&S CMU200-K68, -K69, -K67, -K61,
-K62, -K63, -K57, -K58, -K59)
CMU-K64
1159.0504.02
1150.1250.02
HSDPA@ 3.6Mbps for R&S CMU200V02
CMU-U62
3.6 Mbit/s HSDPA functionality

for R&S CMU200V10 and
R&S CMU200V30
(installation by Rohde&Schwarz service only)
CMU-PK80 (2)

including CDMA2000 band 450 MHz + PCS
+ cellular + IMT2000; analog AMPS
(R&S CMU-K83, -K84, -K85, -K86, -K29)
CMU-PK800 (2)
Software package for R&S CMU200: 1xEVDO signaling 450 MHz, cellular, PCS, IMT2000 BANDS (requires
R&S CMU-B83/V22, R&S CMU-B89)
CMU-PK100 (2)

including GSM/GPRS/EGPRS + WCDMA +
CDMA2000 + 1XEV-DO + AMPS + IS136
(R&S CMU-PK20, -PK60, -PK80, -K27,
-K28, -K43, -K88)
1115.6907.02
1157.4477.02
1157.5309.02
1159.3303.02
1159.3355.02
1157.3970.02
1200.8700.02
1115.5000.02
1159.3403.02
1200.0609.02
1159.3455.02
GSM/GPRS test SIM for GSM900,

GSM1800, GSM1900 and GSM850 for
loopback mode; required for BER and other
applications
CRT-Z2
1039.9005.02
CRT-Z3
3G UICC/USIM test card for UMTS.
CMU-Z10
Antenna coupler 900 MHz / 1700 MHz to

2200 MHz.
1150.0801.02
CMU-Z11
RF-shielded cover, extension for

R&S CMU-Z10.
1150.1008.02
CMU-Z12
Bluetooth antenna, extension for

R&S CMU-Z10.
CMU-Z13
USB feed-through for R&S CMU-Z10
1150.1043.02
1159.1200.02
(1)
R&S CMU-B11 or R&S CMU-B12 possible. One of two OCXOs should be installed to
ensure high frequency accuracy, or an external frequency reference may be used (if available).
(2)
If you order one of the software packages R&S CMU-PK20 to -PK100 and -PK800, you do not need to
separately order the signaling software included with these packages.
1CM69
1139.1005.02
97
Rohde & Schwarz
ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG . Mhldorfstrae 15 . D-81671 Munich . P.O.B. 80 14 69 . D-81614 Munich .
Tel (+4989) 4129 -0 . Fax (+4989) 4129 - 13777 . Internet: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com
This Application Note and the supplied programs may only be used subject to observance of the conditions of use set forth
in the download area of the Rohde & Schwarz website.
1CM69
98
Rohde & Schwarz

1CM69 - Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Coupler

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1CM69 - Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Coupler

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Products: R&S CMU200V02, R&S CMU200V10, R&S CMU-Z10, R&S CMU-Z11, R&S CMUgo

Testing Mobile Phones

Subject to change without notice T. Lutz / F. Schmitt 01.2008 1CM69

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

2 Basic Principles for Determining Coupling Losses

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

3 Determination of the Reference Position in the Antenna

Determination of the reference position for the

Determination of the reference position for the

Determination of the reference position for the

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

General information about determination of

Fig. 1 Positioning grid for the CMU-Z10/Z11 antenna coupler

4 Determination of the Coupling Loss in GSM

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

Fig. 2 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 450 / 480 / 850 / 900

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

Reference level Power class Power class Power class

Fig. 3 PCL-dependent output power in GSM 1800 / 1900

The measurement report

Fig. 4 TCH-26 multiframe structure

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

The measurement report consists of four SACCH frames.

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

109 dBm to 110 dBm

108 dBm to 109 dBm

107 dBm to 108 dBm

106 dBm to 107 dBm

105 dBm to 106 dBm

104 dBm to 105 dBm

103 dBm to 104 dBm

102 dBm to 103 dBm

101 dBm to 102 dBm

100 dBm to 101 dBm

Fig. 5 RXLev value vs. input level

Basic procedure for the GSM network

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

Fig. 6 GSM 900 channels and uplink frequencies

Fig. 7 GSM 1800 channels and uplink frequencies

Fig. 8 GSM 1900 channels and uplink frequencies

Fig. 9 GSM 450 channels and uplink frequencies

Fig. 10 GSM 480 channels and uplink frequencies

Rohde & Schwarz

Testing Mobile Phones Using Antenna Couplers

GSM 400 (GSM 450)

GSM 400 (GSM 480)

GSM 850 low channel

GSM 850 mid channel

GSM 850 high channel

GSM 900 low channel

GSM 900 mid channel

GSM 900 high channel