RISE OF RIGHT WING POLITICS :

The general consensus among political scientists is that "left wing"

includes liberals, progressives, socialists and communists, and the
"right wing" includes conservatives, traditionalists, reactionaries and
fascists. Political parties can be described as moderate, center-right, centerleft, far-right and far-left to more accurately express nuances on the left-right
spectrum
The left-right political spectrum was born during the French Revolution of 1789.
In the United States, the Democratic Party is generally identified as being on
the left, and the Republican Party is generally identified as being on the right.
Left-wing beliefs are liberal in that they believe society is best served with an
expanded role for the government. People on the right believe that the best
outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are
paramount and the role and especially the power of the government is
minimized.

Right wing in European countries

In Europe right-wing populism is an expression used to describe groups and

political parties generally known for their opposition to immigration, mostly
from the Islamic world, and the European Union. Traditional right-wing views
such as opposition to an increasing support for the welfare state and a "more
lavish, but also more restrictive, domestic social spending" scheme is also
described under right-wing populism and is sometimes called "welfare
chauvinism".
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A ripple of concern shivered across Europe , after a right-wing
populist candidate stormed to pole position in the first round of
Austria's presidential election.
"Triumph for the extreme right," proclaimed Spain's El Pais newspaper. Britain's
Guardian warned of "turmoil" ahead. Italy's Corriere della Sera bemoaned a
victory for the "anti-immigrant far right" while Germany's Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung called on traditional political parties to "listen to this wakeup call!"
Most publications identified some link between Norbert Hofer's strong
showing and Austria's centre-stage role in the EU's migrant crisis.

Main Reason for Rise :

Anti-immigrant policy of Right-wing. And up-to some extent their
support for referendum to leave EU.

In recent months, the resurgence of nationalism across the E.U. has become so
powerful that parties from the political mainstream have been forced to tilt
sharply to the right as well, often retreating from their core principles of
tolerance, openness and diversity.
In France, some municipalities have banned Muslim women from fully covering
themselves with so-called burkinis while swimming or lounging at certain
beaches. (right wings ideology)

Even the most seemingly far-fetched electoral upsets have begun to seem
plausible, especially after the U.K. shocked the world by voting in June to leave
the E.U. Brexit was driven in large part by the anti-immigrant rhetoric of the
U.K. Independence Party, which has long called for Britain to shut its borders.
The result cost then Prime Minister David Cameron his job, and the impact on
E.U. integrationand on the British economyis expected to be severe. But
Trump, notably, has voiced his enthusiastic support. He has even linked
himself to the insurgent forces that drove the Leave vote by saying on Twitter
that he would soon be known as Mr. Brexit.
It wont end with the U.K. Right-wing parties ; in France, the Netherlands
and elsewhere have called for their own Brexit-style plebiscites on E.U.
membership. Faced with pressure from the E.U. to accept their share of
refugees, officials in Slovakia, Estonia, Bulgaria and Poland have said they
want to take only Christian asylum seekers or none at all.
The nationalist government in Hungary even called a referendum on the
issue for Oct. 2, and the results are practically a foregone conclusion:
Hungarians are sure to reject the E.U.s plan for refugee resettlement,
further eroding the union.
Even in Germany, where shame over the Nazis has long provided
resistance to the pull of nationalism, the far-right Alternative for Germany party
(AfD) has broken into the mainstream. In a local election in early September,
the AfD got more votes than the conservative party of Chancellor Angela
Merkel in her own electoral district (both finished behind the Social Democrats).
In another local election, held in Berlin on Sept. 18, Merkels Christian
Democratic Union recorded its worst result in the capital ever (because of her
ideology) .Merkel has acknowledged that unhappiness over her refugee
policy has helped drive some of her recent electoral losses. (open door
refuge policy)

Country by Country
Amid a migrant crisis, sluggish economic growth and growing
disillusionment with the European Union, right-wing parties in a growing
number of European countries have made electoral gains. : NY times
*right-wing populist and far-right parties highlighted in red.

Norbert Hofer of the nationalist and anti-immigration Freedom Party

became the clear front-runner in the first round of the presidential election in
Austria in late April, winning 35.1 percent of the vote.
In Mays runoff election, he received 49.7 percent of the vote, narrowly losing
to Alexander Van der Bellen, a 72-year-old economics professor and former
Green Party leader.
After Austrias highest court ordered a do-over of the election, Mr. Van der
Bellen repeated his defeat of Mr. Hofer, expanding his margin of victory to 6.6
percent of the vote.
Mr. Hofer campaigned on strengthening the countrys borders and its
army, limiting benefits for immigrants and favoring Austrians in the
job market.
The far-right party, whose motto is Austria first, holds 40 of the 183
seats in the National Council.

Polands right-wing Law and Justice party (a Eurosceptic party that is

against immigration, wants family-focused welfare spending and has
threatened to ban abortion and in-vitro fertilisation.) roared back into the
government by winning 39 percent of the national vote in the 2015
parliamentary elections.
Szydo (current PM of Poland) has also campaigned against the EU
forcing member states to accept a set number of refugees from the Middle East
and north Africa.
One voters comment : If you look at Warsaw, you see only foreign
shops, banks and brands C&A, Bank Millennium, H&M, Carrefour. Where have
all the Polish businesses gone? We have opened our doors too much and we
have lost control of our own economy. We must say stop.. (such is the mind
set of people and so -> rise of right wing as they support same ideology)

Viktor Orban and his right-wing Fidesz party, running on a joint list with the
K.D.N.P., a Christian Democratic party, have won the last two parliamentary
elections in Hungary, worrying many Western leaders about his increasingly
authoritarian rule. The party also decisively won in voting for the European
Parliament in May 2014.
Jobbik, a far-right, anti-immigration, populist and economic protectionist
party, won 20 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections in 2014, making it
Hungarys third-largest party.

The far-right Sweden Democrats party, won about 13 percent of the

vote in elections in September 2014, which gave it 49 of the 349 seats in
Parliament.

The National Front is a nationalist party that uses populist rhetoric to promote
its anti-immigration and anti-European Union positions.
The party favors protectionist economic policies and would clamp down on
government benefits for immigrants, including health care, and drastically
reduce the number of immigrants allowed into France.
In the first round of voting in regional elections in December, the National
Front won a plurality of the national vote (27 percent), ( but in the secondround runoffs, the party was denied victory in all 13 regions.)

The far-right Alternative for Germany party, started three years ago as a
protest movement against the euro currency, won up to 25 percent of the
vote in German state elections in March, challengingGermanys consensusdriven politics.
The party failed to win seats in the German Parliament in 2013 by narrowly
missing the 5 percent threshold, but is now polling at 10 percent to 12 percent
and is expected to be the first right-wing party to enter the Parliament since
the end of World War II.

Other examples can be :

1. Trumps proposals to deport all illegal immigrants and to prevent all
Muslims from entering the US might simply have been campaign
rhetoric. (against Mexican , "We're building a wall between here and
Mexico.)
2. UKIP and Brexit.

Why is this?
(reasons other than immigrants)
One big factor is that the centre left has not been able to answer the
question of what it exists for when there is no money left. As management of
the economy has become a much more important issue, right-wing parties
have benefited because they are often labelled better economic managers,
says Andrew Little, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party.
Thomas Hofer, an Austrian political consultant, says: In times of crises,
conservatives might be trusted more, as they are seen to keep an eye on a
balanced budget. When theres growth, social democrats are or were
trusted to spread the wealth.

The populist right has been the biggest beneficiary of (this) shift,
attracting working-class people who once voted for left-wing parties but now
fear immigration is threatening their livelihoods.

Russian Sanctions
Economic sanctions against Russia, imposed by the U.S. and E.U. after
Moscows Crimea grab, have made matters worse, because they cost Europe
much more than American sanctions cost the U.S.Russia is Americas
23rd largest trade partner, but Europes third. The effects are felt most sharply
in key economic sectors: Frances defense industry, the German and Italian
energy sectors and British finance. But Die Welt reports that sanctions on
Russia could eventually cost Europe $114 billion and up to 2 million jobs.
According to E.U. law, the imposition of sanctions must be unanimous across all
28 member states; thats a big problem. Vladimir Putin has two missions in
Syria. The first is to prop up his ally Bashar Assad and protect Russias foothold
in the Middle East. The second is to persuade Europeans that Russia can help
stabilize Syria, halting the flow of refugees into Europe. There are already
plenty of European governments and countries that want to see the sanctions
lapse. And all Putin needs is one far-right party to assume power and decide
that their countrys economic well-being is more important than punishing
Russia. That would further undermine European unity and create a new source
of tension in U.S.-European relations at a time when a new trans-Atlantic trade
deal might revive Europes longer-term economic potential.

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