1.

Introduction

Papermaking is the process of making paper, a material which is used

universally today for writing and packaging. In papermaking, a dilute suspension of
fibers in water is drained through a screen, so that a mat of randomly interwoven
fibers is laid down. Water is removed from this mat of fibers by pressing and drying
to make paper. Since the invention of the Fourdrinier machine in the 19th century,
most paper has been made from wood pulp because of cost. But other fiber sources
such as cotton and textiles are used for high-quality papers. One common measure
of a paper's quality is its non-wood-pulp content, e.g., 25% cotton, 50% rag, etc.
Previously, paper was made up of rags and hemp as well as other materials.
A modern paper mill is divided into several sections, roughly corresponding to
the processes involved in making handmade paper. Pulp is refined and mixed in
water with other additives to make a pulp slurry. The head-box of the paper machine
(Fourdrinier machine) distributes the slurry onto a moving continuous screen, water
drains from the slurry (by gravity or under vacuum), the wet paper sheet goes
through presses and dries, and finally rolls into large rolls. The outcome often
weighs several tons. Another type of paper machine makes use of a cylinder mold
that rotates while partially immersed in a vat of dilute pulp. The pulp is picked up by
the wire and covers the mold as it rises out of the vat. A couch roller is pressed
against the mold to smooth out the pulp, and picks the wet sheet off the mold

.
2.0

About company

Oji Holdings Corporation is a Japanese manufacturer of paper products. In 2012

the company was the third largest company in the global forest, paper and
packaging industry. The company's stock is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and
the stock is constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index. Oji Paper produces paper for
printing, writing, and packaging. It also manufactures containers made from paper
products, chemicals used in the production of paper and paper packaging
equipment.. The company has 86 production sites throughout Japan, and forestry

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operations in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, New Zealand and other
countries worldwide.
GS Paper Packaging (GSPP) is the largest player in the domestic containerboard
segment and the integrated paper and packaging manufacturer in Malaysia with 2
paper machines and 18 converting machines. We operate as a subsidiary of Oji
Holdings Corporation - Asia's biggest and the world's fourth largest pulp and paper
company.

3.0

Purpose & Objectives

Purpose

The purpose of the field education department is to provide students within

the Degree Of Packaging Program (BNK) an opportunity to learn hands-on
through an internship work experience.
Students that complete the
foundation field practicum which focuses on generalist social work practice
arrive in the advanced year with a solid knowledge of theoretical frameworks
that guide generalist practice, with an understanding and acceptance of
social work values and ethics, and with well developed skills related to
beginning social work practice. Field education provides the student with an
opportunity to gain first hand knowledge of social service systems in
engineering settings, apply theoretical knowledge to urban problems such as
manufacturing, and to determine how to access appropriate community
resources. In addition, students learn to communicate oral, written, and
technological information reflecting professional social work skills.

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Objectives

4.0

To gain first hand knowledge of social welfare and agency policies, programs,
procedures and services and the manner in which they impact upon client
systems in an urban setting
To integrate social work theory with social work practice and to apply
theoretical knowledge to urban practice situations.
To carry out basic generalist practice skills as they relate to the profession
and practice of social work in urban settings
To understand the issues of poverty, socioeconomic disadvantage,
interpersonal and community violence, substance abuse, and mental health
problems, social injustice and discrimination, and how these impact the urban
client system, as demonstrated by the ability to identify problems, determine
solutions and access appropriate community resources.

Methodology

Raw Material
Probably half of the fiber used for paper today comes from wood that has been
purposely harvested. The remaining material comes from wood fiber from sawmills,
recycled newspaper, some vegetable matter, and recycled cloth. Coniferous trees,
such as spruce and fir, used to be preferred for papermaking because the cellulose
fibers in the pulp of these species are longer, therefore making for stronger paper.
These trees are called "softwood" by the paper industry. Deciduous trees (leafy
trees such as poplar and elm) are called "hardwood." Because of increasing demand
for paper, and improvements in pulp processing technology, almost any species of
tree can now be harvested for paper.
Some plants other than trees are suitable for paper-making. In areas without
significant forests, bamboo has been used for paper pulp, as has straw and
sugarcane. Flax, most paper is made by a mechanical or chemical process. Most
paper is made by a mechanical or chemical process. Hemp, and jute fibers are
commonly used for textiles and rope making, but they can also be used for paper.
Some high-grade cigarette paper is made from flax. Cotton and linen rags are used
in fine-grade papers such as letterhead and resume paper, and for bank notes and
security certificates. The rags are usually cuttings and waste from textile and
garment mills. The rags must be cut and cleaned, boiled, and beaten before they
can be used by the paper mill. Other materials used in paper manufacture include
bleaches and dyes, fillers such as chalk, clay, or titanium oxide, and sizing such as
rosin, gum, and starch.

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The Manufacturing Process

Making pulp

Several processes are commonly used to convert logs to wood pulp. In the
mechanical process, logs are first tumbled in drums to remove the bark. The
logs are then sent to grinders, which break the wood down into pulp by
pressing it between huge revolving slabs. The pulp is filtered to remove
foreign objects. In the chemical process, wood chips from de-barked logs are
cooked in a chemical solution. This is done in huge vats called digesters. The
chips are fed into the digester, and then boiled at high pressure in a solution
of Paper sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. The chips dissolve into pulp in
the solution. Next the pulp is sent through filters. Bleach may be added at
this stage, or colorings. The pulp is sent to the paper plant.

Beating

The pulp is next put through a pounding and squeezing process called,
appropriately enough, beating. Inside a large tub, the pulp is subjected to the
effect of machine beaters. At this point, various filler materials can be added
such as chalks, clays, or chemicals such as titanium oxide. These additives
will influence the opacity and other qualities of the final product. Sizing are
also added at this point. Sizing affects the way the paper will react with
various inks. Without any sizing at all, a paper will be too absorbent for most
uses except as a desk blotter. A sizing such as starch makes the paper
resistant to water-based ink (inks actually sit on top of a sheet of paper,
rather than sinking in). A variety of sizing, generally rosins and gums, is
available depending on the eventual use of the paper. Paper that will receive
a printed design, such as gift wrapping, requires a particular formula of sizing
that will make the paper accept the printing properly.

Pulp to Paper

In order to finally turn the pulp into paper, the pulp is fed or pumped into
giant, automated machines. One common type is called the Fourdrinier

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machine, which was invented in England in 1807. Pulp is fed into the
Fourdrinier machine on a moving belt of fine mesh screening. The pulp is
squeezed through a series of rollers, while suction devices below the belt
drain off water. If the paper is to receive a water-mark, a device called a
dandy moves across the sheet of pulp and presses a design into it.
The paper then moves onto the press section of the machine, where it is
pressed between rollers of wool felt. The paper then passes over a series of
steam-heated cylinders to remove the remaining water. A large machine may
have from 40 to 70 drying cylinders.

Finishing

Finally, the dried paper is wound onto large reels, where it will be further
processed depending on its ultimate use. Paper is smoothed and compacted
further by passing through metal rollers called calendars. A particular finish,
whether soft and dull or hard and shiny, can be imparted by the calendars.
The paper may be further finished by passing through a vat of sizing material.
It may also receive a coating, which is either brushed on or rolled on. Coating
adds chemicals or pigments to the paper's surface, supplementing the sizing
and fillers from earlier in the process. Fine clay is often used as a coating. The
paper may next be supercalendered, that is, run through extremely smooth
calendar rollers, for a final time. Then the paper is cut to the desired size.

5.0
Process
Raw Material

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 Paper Manufacturing
(Making Pulp, Beating Process, Pulp To Paper Process And Finishing)

6.0

Company Products

Paper Division products

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Corrugated medium

Kraft Linear

White Linear

Packaging Division products

Corrugated Cartoon box

7.0

Appendix

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Sheet Board

Nesting Pads

8.0

Conclusion

GS Paper & Packaging gives us much information about paper manufacturing which
it is contribute for our study. This company provide students an opportunity to learn
hands-on through an internship work experience. Students that complete the
foundation field practicum which focuses on generalist social work practice arrive in
the advanced year with a solid knowledge of theoretical frameworks that guide
generalist practice, with an understanding and acceptance of social work values and
ethics, and with well developed skills related to beginning social work practice.

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