Narayan

Lab No.
1
Lab Report on Power Plant Design (63007-63012) KEC
Total Catchment Area = 22.2 square km
2
Lab No. 2
Roll
No.
Power
Plant
Catchment
2
Area (km )
300
07-12
Mean
Monsoon
Precipitation
(mm)
2400
Gross
Head
(m)
Transmission
Line Voltage
(kV)
Transmission
Line Length
(km)
Line
Conductor
150
132
10
Bear
Given:
Catchment area
Mean monsoon precipitation
Region
300
Km2
2400
mm
central
Mean monthly flow using Medium Hydropower Study Project (NEA 1997) Method have been
tabulated as follows along with MHSP prediction equation constants for mean flow:
1. MEAN MONTHLY
MHSP prediction equation constants for mean flow
FLOW ANALYSIS
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
A1
A2
4.31
m /s
27.17957
January
0.03117
0.8644
0.0000
3.56
m /s
22.67998
February
0.02417
0.8752
0.0000
3.29
m3/s
21.25394
March
0.02053
0.8902
0.0000
4.16
m /s
10.02837
April
0.01783
0.9558
0.0000
2.94
m /s
7.714353
May
0.01193
0.9657
0.0000
16.28
m3/s
4.836179
June
0.01135
0.9466
0.2402
49.27
m /s
3.123251
July
0.01641
0.9216
0.3534
57.87
m /s
2.383934
August
0.02592
0.9095
0.3242
44.80
m /s
2.157111
September
0.02206
0.8963
0.3217
20.55
m /s
1.951496
October
0.01504
0.8772
0.2848
9.88
m /s
1.787168
November
0.00792
0.8804
0.2707
6.38
1.51682
December
0.00538
0.8890
0.2580
m /s
Sample calculation:
For all the months values of constants are shown in above tables. Now for January we can obtain
mean monthly flow as below,
Q jan
= c*(Catchment area)A1*(mean monsoon precipitation)A2

3
= 0.03117 * 3000.8644 * 24000.000 = 4.314 m3/sec

Where, C, A1, A2 are Medium Hydropower Study Project (NEA 1997) prediction equation
constants for mean flow.
The mean monthly flows in m3/s if plotted versus their respective months in hierarchical order
give a curve known as hydrograph. From the graph, one can have an idea about during which
month maximum and minimum discharge is available.
HYDROGRAPH
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Hydrograph
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Fig: Hydro graph

FLOW DURATION CURVE:
Flow Duration Curve tells us for what percentage of time (year) Q discharge is available. For
FDC, following tabulated data have been used:-
Flow Duration Curve

Qmax(Q0)
Q25%
Q45%
Q65%
Q85%
Q95%
Qmin
0.03
25.26
8.33
4.32
2.84
1.98
0.58
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
Daily flow duration curve's coefficients developed by NEA

Dependent
b
a
c
variable
Maximum
flow(Q0)
0.8120
0.5337
0.0614105
25% exceedance
0.9279
0.2986
0.0124336
45% exceedance
0.9239
0.2018
0.0089146
65% exceedance
0.9044
0.0000
0.0248313
85% exceedance
0.9256
0.0000
0.0144905
95% exceedance
0.9531
0.0000 0.0086449
Minimum flow
1.1689
0.0000 0.0007382
4
Table gives Daily Flow Duration Curves coefficients developed by NEA.

Q45% means Q discharge available for 45% of the time (year).
Sample Calculation:
For all the percentage exceedance, values of constants are as shown in above table.
Now, for Q45% discharge can be calculated as below:
Q45% = C*(Catchment area)b*(mean monsoon precipitation)a
= 0.0089146* 3000.9239 * 24000.2018
= 8.3337 m3/sec
Flow Duration Curve is shown below:
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
5
0
1
10
11
12
Fig: Flow Duration Curve.
5
2. Calculate design discharge from the discharge of Q45% ,allowing the riparian
release(10% of long term mean monthly flow of the driest month).
Discharge taking Q45 = 8.33 m3/sec
From the Hydrograph, the driest month is May with Q =2.94m3/s
Riparian release= 10% *2.94 = 0.294

Design Discharge from the discharge of Q45% as calculated above Qdesign = 8.33 0.294 = 8.036
m3/sec
3.
Determine
a) POWER INPUT TO THE TURBINE

b) Electrical Power Output (*Q*h*g kW)
Head given = 150m (gross)

Head loss to be assumed = 5%*gross head,
So, Net head (h) = 0.95 * 150 = 142.5m
Power input to the turbine = design discharge *acceleration due to gravity*net head kW
= Qdesign * h*g = 8.036*142.5*9.81 = 11.233MW
Assuming turbine, generator and transformer efficiency to be 90%, 97% and 98% respectively,
ELECTRICAL POWER O UTPUT = 0.90*0.97*0.98*11.233 = 9.61MW
4. SELECTION OF THE NUMBER OF UNITS ;
Number of units = 2
Installed capacity of each unit = 5MW
Power Factor = 0.85
MVA rating of each unit = 5/0.85 = 5.88MVA
6
Total MVA rating of the plant = 2*5.88 = 11.76MVA
Two units are selected each of 5MW due to following reasons:1. In dry season when there will be limited water discharge we can operate one unit thus
losses are minimized.
2. If we increase number of units more than two (i.e. 3 for example) space requirement will
increase by factor 1.5 and cost will increase because of more auxiliaries requirement.
3. Higher number of units means more maintenance and more losses so more running cost.
4. If one unit gets damaged or requires maintenance a part of power demand can be fulfilled
by another unit.
5. Maintenance: - The design discharge is available for 6 months and during dry season one
of the units can be maintained.
5. TABULATION OF MONTHLY ENERGY GENERATION (MWh) and the annual energy
generation(GWh).
Months
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total
Discharge
Design
Discharge
4.31
4.016
3.56
3.266
3.29
2.996
4.16
3.866
2.94
2.646
16.28
15.986
49.27
48.976
57.87
57.576
44.8
44.506
20.55
20.256
9.88
9.586
6.38
6.086
Electrical output
power(MW)
4.80305871
3.906073144
3.58315834
4.623661597
3.164565076
19.11894834
58.57435343
68.85978792
53.22831946
24.22578616
11.46467151
7.278738872
262.8311226
Monthly Energy
Generation(GWh)
3.458202271
2.812372664
2.579874005
3.32903635
2.278486855
13.76564281
42.17353447
49.5790473
38.32439001
17.44256604
8.254563489
5.240691988
189.2384083
Table:-2
The monthly energy generation (MWh) and the annual energy generation (GWh) have been
tabulated in Table-2 above. The sample calculation for monthly energy generation for May is:7
Monthly energy generation for May =.9*.97*.98*2.94*9.81*142.5*30*24/1000 (GWh)

= 2.278486855GWh
Annual energy generation = sum of monthly energy generation
Totall annual energy generation = 189
189.2384GWh
6. MAXIMUM ANNUAL ENERGY GENERATION = designed annual energy generation * 12
= 49.579*12
= 594.948 GWh
Annual plant factor
=
=
= 0.318
The plant factor also known as plant use factor or capacity ffactor
actor generally varies between 0.25
to 0.75 for hydro-electric plant.
7. TURBINE SELECTION CRITERIA
The type, geometry and dimensions of the turbine will be fundamentally conditioned by
following cases.
a. Net Head
The net head of the site provided to us is 142.5m.. From the table given below, we have
four choices namely, Fransis, Pelton, Michell-Banki
Banki and Turgo. So we go for next criterion for
the selection of turbine that is discharge.
8
Lab Report on Power Plant Design (63007-63012)
63012) KEC
b. Discharge
The rated flow and net head determines the set of turbine type applicable to the site.
Suitable turbines are those for which the given rated flow and net head plot within the
operational envelopes. It should be remembered that the envelopes vary from the operational
manufacturer. The ALSTOM Turbine selection chart is given below.
Net Head = 142.5m

Qdesign = 4.018m3/s
From this chart we can select both Francis and Pelton turbine.
c. Turbine efficiency
A turbine is designed to operate at or near its best efficiency point usually at 80 percent of the
maximum flow rate and as flow deviates from that particular discharge so does the turbine
efficiency. Pelton versus Francis efficiency graph given below shows that there is large variation
in the efficiency of Francis turbine when its load is varied from 40% to 85% of design discharge
whereas there isnt much variation in the efficiency of Pelton turbine with its load variation.
9
Moreover, the Francis turbine must be operated above 40% of the nominal load. So Pelton
turbine is selected for our project
d. Cavitation Problem
In turbine, only reaction turbines are subjected to cavitation. In reaction turbines the
cavitation may occour at the outlet of the runner or at the inlet of the draft tube where the
pressure is considerably reduced. Due to cavitation, the metal of the runner vanes, draft tubes is
gradually eaten away, which result in lowering the efficiency. There will not be any problem of
cavitation if we use impulse turbine i.e. Pelton turbine.
e. Specific Speed
The specific speed constitutes a reliable criterion for the selection of the turbine without
any doubt more precise then the conventional enveloping curves mentioned above. It is defined
as the speed through which the model runner turns with a head of 1m and a discharge Q such that
the generator power is 1KW and is given by:ns = n

/
,where ns is the specific speed, n synchronous speed, P is the power
output in KW, H is the net head.

Calculation of specific speed for our design:
Power output of each unit = 5*1000KW
Net head = 142.5m
We have, n =
, where f = 50Hz, p is the number of poles
10
In small hydro power schemes standard generators should be installed when possible, so in the
selection it must be borne that the turbine, either coupled directly or through a speed increaser
should reach the synchronous speed as shown in the table. Here in our design our turbine is
directly coupled with the synchronous generator. Following graph was used to determine specific
speed for Pelton turbine:-
From the graph, for Pelton turbine, at net head of 142.5m, specific speed;
ns =28 rpm,
P=5000KW
Therefore, Synchronizing speed, n= (28*142.51.25) / (5000)1/2 = 195 rpm
Runner
Pelton
Francis
Kaplan
Slow
4-15
60-150
300-450
Specific speed (rpm)

Medium
Fast
16-30
31-70
151-250
251-400
451-700
701-1100
.From this table we found that Pelton turbines suit our data.
11
63012) KEC
Lab No. 3
1. Sketch a Single Line Diagram (SLD) of the power plant on the basis of data provided in
Lab 2. Show all the basic structure of the power plants: Generators, Generator Neutral
Grounding Method, Generator Leads, Medium Voltage Bus Bar, Generator Circuit Breakers,
High Voltage Bus Bar, Transformer Connection, Station Supply Connection, Head Works
Supply, Low Voltage Distribution System, HV Switchyard etc.
2. Prepare an AUTOCAD drawing and submit the drawing in A4 paper size.
The following attachment consists of the single line diagram of the power plant showing all
the basic structure of it like generator, Generator Neutral Grounding Method, Generator Leads,
Medium Voltage Bus Bar, Generator Circuit Breakers, High Voltage Bus Bar, Transformer
Connection, Station Supply Connection, HV Switchyard.
GENERATOR :
Almost all the hydraulic turbine-driven generators used are synchronous alternating current
machines, which produce electrical energy by the transformation of the rotational mechanical
energy. The electrical and mechanical design of each generator must confirm to the electrical
requirements of the power distribution system to which it will be connected, and also to the
hydraulic requirements of its specific plant. The electrical characteristics of the generator depend
on the following factors:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Capacity and the power factor

Generator power output rating
Generator voltage
Insulation
Short circuit ratio
Line charging and condensing capacities
Power factor
Reactance
Efficiencies
The generators used in our design are synchronous generator: 2 units of 5.88 MVA each,
11kv, 50 hz at power factor .85 and having 28 poles.
12
GENERATOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING (E ARTHING) SELECTION:

The various grounding system in practice used for the earthling of generator is as
follows:
1. Solid Neutral grounding
2. Reactance Neutral grounding
3. Resistor Neutral grounding
4. Distribution Transformer Secondary Resistor Neutral grounding
The earthing system used is Distribution transformer-secondary resistor neutral
earthing. It is high resistance neutral earthing. It consists of a low ohm resistor
shunted across the secondary of a step down transformer whose primary is
connected in the generator neutral circuit. In this method of grounding the
generator neutral current, during a phase to earth fault is limited to a very low
value (between 5 to 15 A).The cost of grounding devices and switch gear for
other grounding methods with compared to this grounding method is excessive
due to large values of ground fault current. Hence this method of earthing is
suitable for our plant.
Capacitance of generator, Co = 0.135F

Surge capacitance, Cs = 0.25F
Total capacitance, Cg = Co + Cs = 0.135+0.25 = 0.385F

Capacitive reactance, Xco = =

. = 8267.789
Reactance per phase, Xcg =

.

= 2756
We preferred to select the resistance grounding method. Its value is selected such that the value
of Xcg >> Rn or Xcg/Rn>>1. We select the ratio equal to 1. So, Xcg = Rn So, Rn = 2756
If we take the transformer of ratio 11/3:0.24KV. then the ratio(n) = 26.461
13
So, secondary resistance(R) = Rn/n2= 2756/(26.461)2 = 3.94
Illustrative Example
Let us suppose we have selected the value of R =3.94 in secondary side.
If the used transformer is a dry type step down transformer i.e 11/0.24KV
Now Rp(resistance relative to primary side)
11000 2
=3.94*
240
= 8.276 K
GENERATOR LEADS :
Generator leads means the circuit between the generator terminals and the unit
transformer. The equipment selected depends upon the distance between the generator
and transformer , the capacity of the generator, types of generator breaker employed
,the economics of installation. There are three types of generator leads:
i) Non segregated
ii) Segregated
iii) Isolated
14
We have,
Generator output = 5 MW
Generated Voltage =11KV
I=
P
v * cos

.
(where v is phase to phase voltage)
=926.23 A
Both non segregates or segregates bus bar arrangement can be used for the rating up
to 4000A in medium voltage switchgear application (according to US army corps
manual) in consideration to fault we prefer segregated bus because it is less prone to
line to line faults then non segregated .Although the most reliable one is isolated-phase
bus bar it is expensive and complex connecting mechanism so we dont use it.
LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
15
Low Voltage distribution system includes a 400v distribution system which is shown
above. It includes a 400v bus bar which receives power from both units and there is
also diesel generator for black start. This scheme consists of three full capacity
redundant power source. For example if unit one is out the Low Voltage Bus Bar gets
power from unit two and vice versa and if both units are out DG(Diesel Generator)
comes in operation for Black Start.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE BUS BAR (GENERATOR BUS )
It is a 11KV bus bar which receives power from both the unit and supplies to the low
voltage bus bar and local distribution via a 11/11KV isolation transformer.
HIGH VOLTAGE BUS BAR
High Voltage Bus scheme used in the plant is explained in the later part of the report on
the next lab report.
16
EXCITATION SYSTEM
The excitation system used in the plant is brushless DC excitation system since to avoid
the cost of regular maintenance of brush replacement and since our unit is small there
is no stability concern. It consists of dry type transformer. A solid state rectifier rotates
with the shaft converting the AC output from the generator into the DC which is the
supplied to the rotating field coils of the main generator without the need of brushes. It
consists of following components:
1. Dry type transformer
2. A solid state rectifier
3. An ac exciter
4. Rotating diode Circuit
The field of the exciter which is at stator, is fed by the DC output of rectifier and ac
output induced in the rotor if rectified by the rotating diode and fed to the main
generator field windings. The excitation is controlled by controlling the supply to the
stator field of exciter.
GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Here since the protection scheme used is unit generator transformer scheme;
there is no need of extra generator CB as to avoid the redundancy of the CB. Also,
generator can be extracted for maintenance from the system by the help of draw out
type CB-1. Also there are separate bus for generator 1 and 2 which connects them with
the transformer so removal of one generator does not affect the supply of other
generator.
17
TRANSFORMER CONNECTION
Here the transformer connected is delta
delta-star
star three phase transformer connected
to Generator through CB as shown in fig.
STATION SUPPLY CONNECTION

Here
ere the station supply consists of 2 FLBS(Fuse Load Break Switch) switch with
two 3 phase 11/0.4KV ONAN(Oil Natural Air Natural) starting transformer. Here two
starting transformer are used for reliable station supply during fault in any starting
transformer
er or FLBS or CB. Here diesel generator is used for backup supply during
tripping of both units i.e. black start. Here station supply is taken from LV bus (i.e. 11KV
bus) from both units.
18
63012) KEC
HEAD WORKS SUPPLY

Here the supply to head works is given throug
through a 3 phase delta-star
star transformer
as shown in figure below.
11KV Bus
Head Works Supply
19
63012) KEC
LAB-4
1. On the basis of previous power plant data (Lab II), determine the type of transmission
line circuit (i.e. single or double circuit) for power evacuation. Select the High Voltage
Bus Bar Scheme for your power plant on the basis of reliability, cost, simplicity in
operation and protection simplicity. Sketch the Single Line Diagram of the selected
High Voltage Bus Bar Scheme in AUTOCAD and explain its various modes of
operation.
We have,
Total capacity of the plant = 11.76MVA
PF =0.85
11KV/132KV system
Line Current = (11.76MVA)/ (0.85 * 3 *132KV) = 60.5 A
Line Conductor =Bear
Current carrying capacity (A) of a Bear conductor ; For a temperature rise of 40C =595A
For a temperature rise of 45C = 552 A
We choose double circuit transmission line so that half of the total current will flow through each
line. Though the use of the double line circuit increases the cost of the project but it becomes
more reliable than single circuit line and also its capacity to evacuate the power increases. It
becomes more reliable during repair and maintenance.
High Voltage Bus Bar Scheme Selection:

We have chosen the Double Bus single breaker scheme considering its reliability, cost,
simplicity in operation and protection simplicity. Since our plant is of low capacity, this type of
scheme helps to be more effective since it uses lesser number of circuit breakers and also has
simple relaying scheme and proves to be more economical. This type of scheme has many
advantages as follows:
i) Flexible operation.
ii) Possibility of maintaining a bus bar at a time without the loss of supply.
iii) Breaker or line relays can be taken out of service at any time with only slight
modification of line protection.
iv) Either main bus may be isolated for maintenance.
20
v) Has high availability.

Disadvantages
i) An extra breaker is required for the bus tie.
ii) Fault in the tiebreaker disables both bus bars.
iii) Complicated switching required when removing a breaker for maintenance.
iv) Bus tie breaker relaying complicated since it must be able to spare any breaker.
v) Requires separate complicated bus protective scheme.
vi) Has greatest exposure to bus faults.
vii) Line breaker failure takes half of substation out of service.
viii)
Bus tie breaker failure takes entire station out of service.
ix) Not convenient for Supervising Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) control.
x) High cost.
xi) Loss of supply of corresponding feeder during maintenance of that feeder.
Bus-2
12
10
11
CB-5
Bus
coupler
6
5
Bus-1
CB-1
CB-2
CB-3
Load
Source-1
CB-4
Load
Source-2
Fig: Double Bus Single Breaker Scheme

21
Modes of Operation:
Let us suppose initially Bus-1 is charged.
In this case DS-3, DS-4, DS-6, DS-7 is operating whereas DS-5 is open.
Also Bus-2 is in dead condition during this time.
Now if there occurs any problem in bus bar 1 and needs to be maintained immediately then this
type of scheme helps to be more effective. Then at first DS-5 and DS-10 is switched on. Then
Bus coupler CB-5 is closed to make the two buses equipotential. Then after this DS-8, DS-9, DS11, DS-12 is switched on and correspondingly DS-3, DS-4, DS-6, DS-7 is switched off. This
brings bus-1 in dead condition which helps in maintaining it. Similar process occurs if any
problem occurs in bus-2.
2. Calculate the fault current (kA) and fault level (MVA) at medium voltage bus and high
voltage bus. Determine the breaking and making current capacity (interrupting
capacity) of all the circuit breakers used in the power plant that has been designed.
Tabulate the result and display it graphically as well. (Note: Making current is 2.5 times
the breaking current for Circuit Breakers)
Calculation of Fault current and Fault MVA level

For the fault calculation in the different point of the system we required the generator sub
transient reactance (XG), the appropriate value of XG is take from the below given curve.
We have,
Generator RMS = 214rpm

Rated MVA = 5.88MVA
22
From above graph XG = 0.24 pu (for base 5.88MVA, 132KV for High Voltage.)
Similarly, transformer impedance can be obtained from the below given table.
Since our system has the nominal voltage 132KV, from the above table XTr. = 9.6 %
We approximate
XTr = 9.6 %
= 0.096 pu (for base 5.88 MVA and 132KV)
23
Now for our calculation we take.

Base MVA= 12MVA
Base KV in the generator side (on LV side of transformer) = 11 KV
Base KV on the transfer high voltage side (on HV side of transformer) = 132 KV
Base current in LV side =12*1000/ (3*11) =629.83A.
Base current in HV side = 12*1000/ (3*132) =52.486A.
For transmission line we normally take inductance of the line as:
L=0.97mH/km
Length of the line =10km Line conductor =Bear type.

Total reactance of the line= 2*3.1415*50*0.97= 0.3047 /km * 10km = 3.047
Base reactance (on HV side) = (base kv) 2/ base MVA = (132 2 / 12) = 1452
PU reactance of Transmission line = 3.047/1452=0.002098pu
PU reactance of Transformer (PU new ) = PU old * (Base KV old /Base KV new ) 2 *

!" new

!" old
= 0.096*(11/11) 2 *(12/5.88) =0.195 pu

Now,
Xpu (generator) =0.24pu
Xpu (Transformer) =0.195pu
Xpu (line) =0.002098pu
The single diagram of our system is shown below with the occurrence of fault at different points:
24
Fig: Calculation of fault at different buses, and breaker capacity selection

Fault at HV Bus
25
I fault (pu) = 1<0 / 0.0010439 =957.94 pu

I fault (actual) =957.94 * 12/ ( 3 *132) = 50.27 KA
Fault MVA = Base MVA / (X pu ) eq =11495.28 MVA
Making current = 2.5 * Breaking current (I fault ) = 125.675KA
FAULT AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE
26
If= 1<0/0.196 = 5.1020pu

Ifault= 5.1020*12/113= 3.201KA
Fault MVA =5.1020*12=61.224MVA
FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER CB-2(CB-1)
Fault at 2
27
If= 1<0/0.24 = 4.167pu

Ifault= 4.167*12/113= 2.6243KA
Fault MVA =4.167*12=50MVA
Fault at 1
28
If= 1<0/0.196 = 5.1020pu

Ifault= 5.1020*12/113= 3.201KA
Fault MVA =5.1020*12=61.224MVA
Since Icb2(1)> Icb2(2) So Breaking current of CB2 = 3.201KA
Fault at 3
29
If= 1<0/0.001046 = 956.022pu

Ifault= 956.022*12/1323= 50.178KA
Fault MVA =956.022*12=11472.264MVA
Fault at 4
If= 1<0/0.435 = 2.298pu

Ifault= 2.298*12/1323= 0.1206KA
Fault MVA =2.298*12=27.576MVA
Since Icb4(3)> Icb4(4) So Breaking current of CB2 = 50.178KA
30

Fault at 5
If= 1<0/0.002098 = 476.64pu

Ifault= 476.64*12/1323= 25.017KA
Fault MVA =476.64*12=5719.68MVA
Fault at 6
31
If= 1<0/0.002077 = 481.46pu

Ifault= 481.46*12/1323= 25.27KA
MVA =481.46*12=5777.52MVA
Fault Since Icb6(5)> Icb6(6) So Breaking current of CB2 = 25.27KA
Table of circuit breaker ratings:
Circuit Breaker
Breaking current(KA)
Making current(KA)
Fault MVA
CB-1,CB-2
3.201
8.0025
61.224
CB-3,CB-4
50.178
125.445
11472.264
CB-5,CB-6
25.27
63.175
5777.52
Breaker Ratings
Calculation of In for Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker
We have,
P= 5MW
Vl-l= 11KV
In=
(5 * 1000 * 1000)
0.85 * 11 * 1000 * 3
=308.74 A
Breaking Current = 3.2KA
32
33
Calculation of In for High Voltage Circuit Breaker

We have,
P= 5MW
Vl-l= 132KV
In=
(5 * 1000 * 1000)
0.85 * 132 * 1000 * 3
=25.728A
Breaking Current = 50.178KA
34
Conclusion
Hence by the end of the report we designed the 10MW Hydropower Project on the basis of
Small Hydropower Project (NEA 1997) Method. In this report we also calculated the
catchments area, head, the discharge and output of the plant. This report also include turbine
selection on the basis of various criteria ,SLD using different bus bar, neural grounding,
excitation schemes used in various power plants existing in Nepal Report include fault current
calculation at different bus bar and circuit breaker ratings.
35

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Lab No.

Total Catchment Area = 22.2 square km

MHSP prediction equation constants for mean flow

= c*(Catchment area)A1*(mean monsoon precipitation)A2

Lab Report on Power Plant Design (63007-63012) KEC

= 0.03117 * 3000.8644 * 24000.000 = 4.314 m3/sec

Fig: Hydro graph

Flow Duration Curve

Daily flow duration curve's coefficients developed by NEA

Table gives Daily Flow Duration Curves coefficients developed by NEA.

Fig: Flow Duration Curve.

Riparian release= 10% *2.94 = 0.294

a) POWER INPUT TO THE TURBINE

Head given = 150m (gross)

Total MVA rating of the plant = 2*5.88 = 11.76MVA

Monthly energy generation for May =.9*.97*.98*2.94*9.81*142.5*30*24/1000 (GWh)

Net Head = 142.5m

,where ns is the specific speed, n synchronous speed, P is the power

output in KW, H is the net head.

, where f = 50Hz, p is the number of poles

Specific speed (rpm)

Capacity and the power factor

GENERATOR NEUTRAL GROUNDING (E ARTHING) SELECTION:

Capacitance of generator, Co = 0.135F

Capacitive reactance, Xco =   =  

So, secondary resistance(R) = Rn/n2= 2756/(26.461)2 = 3.94

(where v is phase to phase voltage)

GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS

STATION SUPPLY CONNECTION

HEAD WORKS SUPPLY

Head Works Supply

High Voltage Bus Bar Scheme Selection:

v) Has high availability.

Bus tie breaker failure takes entire station out of service.

Fig: Double Bus Single Breaker Scheme

Calculation of Fault current and Fault MVA level

Generator RMS = 214rpm

Now for our calculation we take.

Length of the line =10km Line conductor =Bear type.

PU reactance of Transformer (PU new ) = PU old * (Base KV old /Base KV new ) 2 *

= 0.096*(11/11) 2 *(12/5.88) =0.195 pu

Fig: Calculation of fault at different buses, and breaker capacity selection

I fault (pu) = 1<0 / 0.0010439 =957.94 pu

If= 1<0/0.196 = 5.1020pu

If= 1<0/0.24 = 4.167pu

If= 1<0/0.196 = 5.1020pu

If= 1<0/0.001046 = 956.022pu

If= 1<0/0.435 = 2.298pu

FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER CB-6(CB-5)

If= 1<0/0.002098 = 476.64pu

If= 1<0/0.002077 = 481.46pu

Calculation of In for High Voltage Circuit Breaker

Breaking Current = 50.178KA

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= c(Catchment area)A1(mean monsoon precipitation)A2

Monthly energy generation for May =.9.97.982.949.81142.530*24/1000 (GWh)

Capacitive reactance, Xco = =

= 0.096(11/11) 2 (12/5.88) =0.195 pu