Chemistry

Practical Chemistry
1.
Oxygen
i)Supports combustion
ii)On exposure colour does not change

Nitric oxide
i)Does not support combustion
ii)On exposure the gas turns brown due to the
formation of Nitrogen dioxide

2.
Nitrous oxide
No change in colour when exposed to air

Nitric oxide
On exposure it turns brown due to the
formation of Nitrogen dioxide

3.
Carbon dioxide
i)Turns lime water milky
ii)Non combustible
4.

Carbon monoxide
i)Does not turn lime water milky
ii)Combustible burns with a blue flame

Hydrogen chloride
-Gives dense white fumes with glass rod
dipped in Ammonium hydroxide
- turns moist blue litmus to red
5.

Ammonia
-Gives dense white fumes with a glass rod
dipped in HCl acid.
- turns moist red litmus to blue

Hydrogen
Burns a splinter with a pop sound
6.

Oxygen
Rekindles a glowing splinter

Carbon dioxide
-with burning Mg ribbon added to the gas jar
black particle of carbon seen in the jar
-does not turn acidified K2Cr2O7 paper
7.

Sulphur dioxide
-with burning Mg ribbon added to the gas jar
yellow particle of sulphur seen in the jar
-turns acidified K2Cr2O7 paper green in colour

Sulphur dioxide
Physical property- suffocating odour
-turns acidified K2Cr2O7 paper green in colour

Hydrogen sulphide
- rotten egg smell
- does not turn acidified K2Cr2O7 paper green
in colour
-turns lead acetate paper black.

-no effect on lead acetate paper

1

8
Sulphur dioxide
With water and Barium chloride gives Barium
sulphite- white ppt soluble in
dilute Hydrochloric acid
9.

Sulphur trioxide
With water and Barium chloride gives white
ppt of Barium sulphate insoluble in
dilute Hydrochloric acid

Sulphur dioxide
-Physical property- colourless gas
-no effect on starch iodide paper

Chlorine
-Greenish yellow gas
-turns starch iodide paper bluish black

Distinguish between the compounds using chemical tests:

1.
Copper (II) oxide
-with Conc. HCl does not liberate chlorine but
forms blue solution of CuCl2.

Manganese (IV) oxide

with Conc. HCl liberate greenish yellow
chlorine gas which turns starch iodide paper
bluish black in colour.

2.
Sodium chloride
-When heated with Sulphuric acid and
Manganese dioxide, liberates greenish yellow
coloured gas Chlorine, which turns starch
iodide paper bluish black
-Salt solution+AgNO3 + NH4OH
white ppt is obtained which dissolves in
NH4OH
3.

Sodium bromide
-With Conc. Sulphuric acid and Manganese
dioxide on heating liberates reddish brown
Bromine gas.
- Salt solution+AgNO3 + NH4OH
creamy ppt is obtained which dissolves in
NH4OH

Lead (II) chloride

Note: Since both the salts are insoluble in
water the difference cannot be given in terms
of anions
-Soluble in hot water and crystallizes on
cooling.

Lead sulphate

-Insoluble in hot and cold water.

4.
Iron (III)sulphate/Iron (III) Chloride
Iron (II) sulphate/ Iron (II)Chloride
To the Salt solution add NaOH
- it gives dirty green ppt insoluble in excess

-it gives a reddish brown ppt insoluble in

excess

5.
Lead hydroxide
Insoluble in excess NH4OH
6.

Zinc hydroxide
Soluble in excess NH4OH

Sodium sulphite
Sodium sulphate
-Salt with dilute HCl liberates SO2
-Salt with dilute HCl no reaction
-Salt solution + BaCl2 gives White ppt which is -Salt solution + BaCl2 gives White ppt which is
soluble in HCl
insoluble in HCl
7.
Sodium carbonate
-with calcium hydroxide solution (lime water)
forms a ppt of Calcium carbonate
8.

Sodium bicarbonate
- with calcium hydroxide solution (lime water)
no ppt formed .

Sodium sulphate
-Salt with NaOH- no gas is liberated

Ammonium sulphate
Salt on heating with NaOH- it liberates
pungent smelling Ammonia which gives dense
white fumes with a glass rod dipped in Conc
.HCl

9.
Ammonium sulphite
-Salt solution with NaOH no ppt formed.
On heating pungent smelling ammonia gas
liberated which turns moist red litmus blue.

Calcium sulphite
-Does not give Ammonia gas on heating with
NaOH

10.
Lead (II) nitrate
Copper (II) nitrate
Salt solution with NaOH forms Lead
Salt solution with NaOH forms a pale blue ppt
hydroxide white ppt soluble in excess of NaOH of Copper hydroxide insoluble in excess
NaOH

11.
Copper (II) nitrate
Salt + Cu turnings + Conc H2SO4 reddish
brown
NO2 gas liberated
No reaction with AgNO3

Copper (II) chloride

Salt + Cu turnings + Conc H2SO4
No gas liberated
White ppt formed when AgNO3 solution is
added to the salt solution.

12.
Conc. H2SO4
On heating with Cu turnings will liberate
SO2which turns acidifird K2Cr2O7 paper green.

Conc HNO3
On heating with Cu turnings + conc H2SO4
gives brown fumes of NO2.

13.
Dilute HNO3
-With BaCl2 forms no white ppt
But gives a reddish brown gas with Cu
turnings and conc H2SO4are added to the acid
which turns KI paper brown.
14.

Dilute H2SO4
-with BaCl2 gives white ppt of BaSO4
insoluble in dil HNO3

HCl
-with Silver nitrate forms white ppt of AgCl,
insoluble in dilute acids and soluble in NH4OH

HNO3
Does not give white ppt with Silver nitrate but
on heating with Cu turnings + conc H2SO4
gives brown fumes of NO2 which turn KI
paper brown..

15.
Zinc nitrate
Salt solution + NaOH- white gelatinous ppt
soluble in excess

Ammonium nitrate
Salt solution +NaOH- no ppt but pungent
smelling gas evolved which gives dense white
fumes with rod dipped in conc. HCl

16.
K2SO4 or KCl
Paste of the salt with conc. HCl, take this paste
in the loop of a platinum wire and heat in the
non luminous part of the flame and perform
flame test
-

Na2SO4or NaCl

-Flame test- golden yellow flame

Flame test- lilac flame

17.
Sodium Chloride
Paste of the salt with conc. HCl,take this paste
in the loop of a platinum wire heat in the non
luminous part of the flame

Calcium Chloride

Flame test- Golden yellow flame.

Salt solution with NaOH, no ppt formed

Flame test- Brick red flame.

Salt solution with NaOH gives white ppt of
Ca(OH)2

18.
Sodium Chloride
Salt solution with NaOH, no ppt and on
heating does not liberate Ammonia gas

Ammonium Chloride
Salt solution with NaOH, no ppt but on heating
liberate Ammonia gas which gives dense white
fumes with glass rod dipped in conc. HCl

19.
Silver Chloride
Insoluble in hot water
Soluble in excess NH4OH

Lead chloride
Soluble in hot water
Insoluble in excess NH4OH

20.
Sodium carbonate
Add BaCl2 or Ba(NO3)2 to the salt solution a
white ppt is not formed

Sodium sulphite
Add BaCl2 or Ba(NO3)2 to the salt solution a
white ppt is formed which is soluble in dilute
HCl or dilute HNO3

21.
Ferrous nitrate
To the salt solution add NaOH solution a dirty
green ppt is formed which is insoluble in
NaOH

Lead nitrate
To the salt solution add NaOH a chalky white
ppt is formed which is soluble in excess NaOH

22.
Zinc carbonate
Lead carbonate
Note: Both the salts are insoluble in water. First add dil HNO3 to the salts and convert them to
soluble nitrates and then differentiate between the cations.
Add NH4OH solution to the salt solutions

-a gelatinous white ppt formed which is soluble -a chalky white ppt formed which is insoluble
in excess NH4OH.
in excess NH4OH.

23
Calcium carbonate
Salt +Calcium hydroxide heat
No pungent smelling gas evolved.

Ammonium carbonate
Salt +Calcium hydroxide heat
Pungent smelling ammonia gas obtained turns
red litmus blue.

24
Ferrous nitrate
Salt +Cu turnings+Conc H2SO4-Reddish
brown acidic gas turns KI paper brown.

Ferrous carbonate
Salt +Cu turnings+Conc H2SO4- NO reddish
brown acidic gas evolved which turns KI paper
brown.

25
Lead sulphide
Salt + HCl acid-Gas which smells of rotten
eggs evolved which turns Lead acetate paper
silvery grey in colour

Lead Sulphite
Salt + HCl acid-Gas with a suffocating odour
obtained which decolorizes KMnO4 paper and
has no effect on Lead acetate paper.