Low Tar Biomass Solid Fuel Production

By

Hydrothermal Treatment Process

Present by
Dr. Jakaphong Kongpanya

Presentation Outline
Problem statement

Biomass residues
Biomass Utilization
Biomass Conversion
Understanding about biomass Tar
Understanding about biomass from Oil palm
Experimental & Result
Conclusions

Q&A

Problem statement
Biomass Property

Environmental Problem

Low HV
Low density
High ash
High moisture
High Tar
3

Energy density

Energy Density Differences of the Same Weight Material by Different Product Types
Sourcefrom: USDA Forest Service Forest Product Laboratory

Thailand bioenergy consumption

Biomass residues

Biomass in Thailand

Thailand biomass potential in 2012

Thailand biomass potential in 2012

2556
Fr :

Biomass Utilization
Heat
Power
Fertilizer
Constructions
material

Biomass Utilization

Kew success factor for biomass

utilization

Biomass
Tar
13

Objective
To study the effect of the control parameters of
hydrothermal treatment of oil palm residues
(EFB) including

Temperature, pressure,
retention time, and raw
material particle size, on tar
reduction.
14

Palm oil residues

Biomass from palm oil industry

Mesocarp
Palm trunks
Shell
Palm fronds
Empty fruit
bunch

Plantation

Palm oil mill

Residual from palm oil mill

(Standard type)

From : S. Prasertsan and P. Prasertsan. 1996. Biomass residues from palm oil mill in
Thailand: An overview on quantity and potential usage, Biomass and Energy Vol. 11.

Scopes of the research

1. To study physical and chemical properties of
solid fuel made from empty fruit bunch (EFB).
2. To study optimization conditions for production
of low tar biomass solid fuel (Low tar EFB
hydrochar) from oil palm empty fruit bunch
(EFB) by hydrothermal treatment process.
3. To study physical and chemical properties of
byproduct of solid fuel production including tar
content, and non-condensable gas content for their
further utilization.
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Materials

Palm oil Empty fruit bunch (EFB)

19

Temperatures and retention time effected to

composition of low tar EFB hydrochar products
%
80.00

Composition of biomass (% by wt)

70.00

Cellulose
Hemicellulose

60.00

Lignin
Cellulose 30 min

50.00

Cellulose 60 min

40.00

Cellulose 90 min
Hemicellulose 30 min

30.00

Hemicellulose 60 min
Hemicellulose 90 min

20.00

Lignin 30 min
Lignin 60 min

10.00

Lignin 90 min
0.00
EFB

100 C

150 C

200 C

-10.00

Temperature

20

The physical liquid color of hydrothermal

treatment for EFB1-EFB9

21

Images of tar-Isopropanol mixture

from direct combustion process

22

Images of tar-Isopropanol mixture

from Gasification

23

CONCLUSION
It was found that hydrothermal treatment
process could increased the energy density.
Reduce ash of palm oil empty fruit bunch and
heating value from 18.08MJ/kg of raw
material become 23.64MJ/kg.
decreased percentage of hemicelluloses from
30.75% of raw material to 6.92%
It was found that the sample treated by HT did reduce the tar
compounds from 96 kinds to 54 kinds (56.25 %) in testing
with gasification process.
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New Development of Solid Fuel

From low value biomass

to height value products.
From problem to
opportunity.

Energy Ball
Direct combustion

Gasification

Property
Air flow
Easy to transfer
Hi-Density
Hi-Heating Value
Low Ash and Tar
Low Moisture

Thank you for your

attention

Q&A
28