1.

n: ISO 14000 l b tiu chun v qun l mi trng

(do T chc Tiu chun ha quc t (ISO) ban hnh )
Vai tr :- nhm gip cc t chc/doanh nghip gim thiu tc ng gy tn hi ti
mi trng
-thng xuyn ci tin kt qu hot ng v mi trng.
-B tiu chun ISO 14000 gm cc tiu chun lin quan n cc kha cnh v qun
l mi trng nh: h thng qun l mi trng, nh gi vng i sn phm ,nhn
sinh thi, xc nh v kim k kh nh knh.
ISO 14001:2004 H thng qun l mi trng --- Cc yu cu v hng dn s
dng l tiu chun trong b ISO 14000 quy nh cc yu cu v qun l cc yu t
nh hng ti mi trng trong qu trnh hot ng ca t chc, doanh nghip. y
l tiu chun dng xy dng v chng nhn h thng qun l mi trng theo
ISO 14000.

(3. Theo kt qu iu tra kho st ca ISO, tnh n thng 12/2009, ton th gii c
t nht 223.149 t chc/doanh nghip c cp chng ch ISO 14001. Tiu chun
ny c ph bin, p dng thnh cng ti nhiu quc gia vi mc pht trin v
c trng vn ha khc nhau l v ISO 14001 quy nh yu cu i vi thit lp mt
h thng qun l cc vn v mi trng ca t chc, doanh nghip nhng cho
php linh hot cch thc p ng, v vy cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau, t
doanh nghip va v nh n cc tp on a quc gia u c th tm c cch
thc ring trong vic xc nh mc tiu mi trng cn ci tin v k hoch cn
thc hin p ng cc yu cu ca h thng qun l mi trng.)phn ny k
a vo slide u,ch cn c khi thuyt trnh l c
4. Phin bn hin hnh ca tiu chun ISO 14001 l ISO 14001:2004/ Cor 1:2009
ISO 14001 l b tiu chun v h thng qun l mi trng (EMS- environmental
management system) n a ra cc yu cu v qun l mi trng cn p ng cho
ca t chc.
(Phin bn iu chnh ny ca ISO 14001 c ban hnh m bo s tng thch
sau khi ban hnh tiu chun v h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9001:2008. Tiu
chun ISO 14001 c Vit Nam chp thun tr thnh tiu chun quc gia: TCVN
ISO 14001:2010 H thng qun l mi trng Cc yu cu v hng dn s dng.)
c lc thuyt trnh
II. I TNG P DNG

Tiu chun ISO 14001 hng ti mi loi hnh t chc: kinh doanh, trng hc, bnh
vin, cc t chc phi li nhun c mong mun thc hin hoc ci tin h thng
qun l mi trng ca mnh. Tiu chun ny c th p dng c ti cc t chc
sn xut v dch v, vi cc t chc kinh doanh cng nh phi li nhun.

III. LI CH
(Ci ny cu c c phn lc thuyt trnh l c cn slide th ly cc
tiu y)
- Ngn nga nhim
ISO 14001 hng n vic bo ton ngun lc thng qua vic gim thiu s lng ph
ngun lc. Vic gim cht thi se dn n vic gim s lng hoc khi lng nc
thi, kh thi hoc cht thi rn. Khng ch nh vy, nhiu trng hp nng
nhim ca nc thi, kh thi hoc cht thi rn c gim v cn bn. Nng v
lng cht thi thp th chi ph x l se thp. Nh , gip cho vic x l hiu qu
hn v ngn nga c nhim.
- Tit kim chi ph u vo
Vic thc hin h thng QLMT se tit kim nguyn vt liu u vo bao gm nc,
nng lng, nguyn vt liu, ho cht,... S tit kim ny se tr nn quan trng v
c nghia nu nguyn vt liu l ngun khan him nh in nng, than, du,..
- Chng minh s tun th lut php
Vic x l hiu qu se gip t c nhng tiu chun do lut php qui nh v v
vy, tng cng uy tn ca doanh nghip. Chng ch ISO 14001 l mt bng chng
chng minh thc t t chc p ng c cc yu cu lut php v mi trng,
mang n uy tn cho t chc.
- Tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng nc ngoi
iu ny rt hu ch i vi cc t chc hng n vic xut khu. Vic xin chng
ch ISO 14001 l hon ton t nguyn v khng th c s dng nh l cng c
hng ro phi thu quan ca bt ky nc no nhp khu hng ho t cc nc khc.
Tuy nhin, khch hng trong nhng nc pht trin c quyn chn la mua hng
ho ca mt t chc c h thng QLMT hiu qu nh ISO 14001.
- Gia tng th phn
Chng ch ISO 14001 mang n uy tn cho t chc. iu ny se em li li th cnh
tranh cho t chc i vi nhng t chc tng t v gia tng th phn hin ti.
- Xy dng nim tin cho cc bn lin quan
H thng QLMT nhm vo vic tha mn nguyn vng ca nhiu bn lin quan nh
nhn vin, c quan hu quan, cng chng, khch hng, t chc ti chnh, bo him,
c ng,... nhng ngi c nh hng n s thnh vng ca t chc v nim tin
ca h trong cng ty c gi tr to ln. Nim tin ny gip t chc tng thm ngun
lc t cng chng v nhng t chc ti chnh (quc gia cng nh quc t).
a) V qun l:
Gip t chc/doanh nghip xc nh v qun l cc vn mi trng mt
cch ton din;

Ch ng kim sot m bo p ng cc yu cu ca php lut v mi

trng;

Phng nga ri ro, tn tht t cc s c v mi trng.

b) V to dng thng hiu:

Nng cao hnh nh ca t chc/doanh nghip i vi ngi tiu dng v cng
ng
Ginh c u th trong cnh tranh khi ngy cng c nhiu cng ty, tp on
yu cu hoc u tin la chn cc nh cung cp p dng h thng qun l
mi trng theo ISO 14000.
IV. CC BC TRIN KHAI THC HIN 1 QUY TRNH
Bc 1: Xy dng chnh sch mi trng:
Chnh sch mi trng l kim ch nam cho vic p dng v ci tin h thng qun l
mi trng ca t chc sao cho t chc c th duy tr v c kh nng nng cao kt
qu hot ng mi trng ca mnh. Do vy, chnh sch cn phn nh s cam kt
ca lnh o cao nht v vic tun theo cc yu cu ca lut php v cc yu cu
khc c p dng, v ngn nga nhim v ci tin lin tc. y l giai on u
ca cu trc HTQLMT, v l nn tng xy dng v thc hin HTQLMT. Chnh sch
mi trng phi c xem xt thng xuyn m bo h thng c thc hin
v y .
Bc 2: Lp k hoch v qun l mi trng:
y l giai on Lp k hoch trong chu trnh Lp k hoch - Thc hin Kim tra nh gi. Giai on lp k hoch c thit lp mt cch hiu qu l khi t chc
phi t c s tun th vi cc yu cu v php lut v tun th vi cc yu cu
ca tiu chun ISO 14001 v nhng mong i kt qu mi trng do chnh mnh lp
ra. Cc cng vic cn thc hin trong giai on ny gm:
-Xc nh cc yu cu php lut v cc yu cu khc v mi trng (slide)
(m t chc/doanh nghip phi tun th, cc yu cu ny c th bao gm: cc
yu cu php lut ca quc t, quc gia; cc yu cu php lut ca khu
vc/tnh/ngnh; cc yu cu php lut ca chnh quyn a phng. ) c lc
thuyt trnh
-Xc nh cc kha cnh mi trng c nghia: (slide)
T chc cn nh cc kha cnh mi trng trong phm vi h thng qun l
mi trng ca mnh, c tnh n u vo v u ra v, y l mt hot ng rt
quan trng trong vic xy dng v p dng h thng qun l mi trng. Khi xc
nh kha cnh mi trng cn xem xt n cc hot ng, qu trnh kinh doanh,
u vo v u ra c lin quan n: S pht thi vo khng kh, x thi nc
thi, qun l cht thi, nhim t, s dng nguyn liu th v ti nguyn thin
nhin, cc vn mi trng ca a phng v cng ng xung quanh.
-Thit lp mc tiu, ch tiu v chng trnh qun l mi trng (slide)

nhm t c cc mc tiu v ch tiu t ra. Mi chng trnh cn m t cch

thc t chc se t c cc mc tiu v ch tiu ca mnh, bao gm c thi gian,
cc ngun lc cn thit v ngi chu trch nhim thc hin cc chng trnh ny.
Bc 3. Thc hin v iu hnh:
Giai on th ba ca m hnh cung cp cc cng c, cc qui trnh v cc ngun lc
cn thit vn hnh h thng HTQLMT mt cch bn vng. Giai on thc hin v
iu hnh a h thng QLMT vo hot ng. Giai on ny yu cu cp nht lin
tc nhng thay i, nh phn cng li trch nhim cho cc nhn vin khi cc hot
ng hoc sn phm ca t chc thay i, hay nhng thay i nhu cu o to theo
thi gian, hay chnh sch v cc th tc thng qua s ci tin lin tc. Cc cng vic
cn thc hin trong giai on ny gm:

C cu v trch nhim: T chc ch nh mt hoc mt nhm ngi c

trch nhim v quyn hn thc hin v duy tr h thng qun l mi
trng v cung cp cc ngun lc cn thit.
Nng lc, o to v nhn thc: Thc hin cc ni dung o to thch hp
cho cc i tng qun l, cc nhm nhn cng, nhm qun l d n v cc
cn b iu hnh ch cht ca nh my.

Thng tin lin lc: Thit lp v trin khai h thng thng tin ni b v bn
ngoi nhm tip nhn v phn hi cc thng tin v mi trng v ph bin
cc thng tin cho nhng c nhn/phng ban lin quan. Cc thng tin ny
thng bao gm: lut nh mi, thng tin ca cc nh cung cp, khch hng
v cng ng xung quanh, v ph bin cc thng tin v h thng qun l mi
trng ti ngi lao ng.

Vn bn ha ti liu ca h thng qun l mi trng: Ti liu ca h

thng qun l mi trng c th bao gm: s tay, cc qui trnh v cc hng
dn s dng. Theo tiu chun, c 11 yu cu cn c lp thnh vn bn, v
cc hng dn cng vic. Nu t chc c h thng qun l cht lng theo
tiu chun ISO 9001, c th kt hp 6 qui trnh c bn ca h thng qun l
cht lng vi h thng qun l mi trng.

Kim sot iu hnh: Thc hin cc qui trnh iu hnh (cc hng dn
cng vic kim sot cc kha cnh mi trng quan trng ca cc qu
trnh sn xut v cc hot ng khc m c t chc xc nh. T chc
cn lu n cc kha cnh mi trng c nghia lin quan n cc hot
ng v sn phm ca cc nh thu v nh cung cp.

S chun b v ng ph vi tnh trng khn cp: Thc hin cc qui trnh

nhm xc nh cc tnh trng khn cp tim n v gim thiu tc ng nu
tnh trng xy ra (v d : chy n, r r cc nguyn vt liu nguy hi)

Bc 4: Kim tra v hnh ng khc phc:

Giai on th t ca m hnh th hin hot ng vn hnh ca h thng HTQLMT,
y l giai on xem xt ci tin qu trnh hoc quyt nh nhng thay i cho
cc giai on khc. Giai on th hin bc Kim tra trong chu trnh Lp k hoch -

Thc hin Kim tra - nh gi. Cc cng vic cn thc hin trong giai on ny
gm:

Gim st v o: Tin hnh th tc gim st v o tin trnh ca cc d n

nhm t c cc mc tiu t ra, hiu qu hot ng ca cc qu trnh
so vi cc tiu ch t ra, nh ky kim tra s tun th ca t chc vi cc
yu cu php lut v cc yu cu khc c lin quan n cc hot ng kinh
doanh ca mnh.
nh gi s tun th: T chc cn chng minh rng t chc nh gi s
tun th vi cc yu cu ca php lut nh r.

S khng ph hp v hnh ng khc phc v phng nga: Thc hin

cc th tc nhm a ra cc hnh ng khc phc v phng nga ph hp
khi xy ra nhng s khng ph hp ca h thng qun l mi trng nh cc
vn v kim sot qu trnh, khng tun th vi cc yu cu ca php lut,
s c v mi trng.

H s: thc hin th tc lu gi h s ca h thng qun l mi trng, cc

h s c th bao gm: cc h s v gim st qu trnh; cc h s v nh thu
v nh cung cp, cc h s v s c, cc h s v th nghim v s chun b
sn sng vi cc tnh hung khn cp, h s v cc cuc hp mi trng, h
s php lut

nh gi h thng qun l mi trng: thc hin th tc nh gi h

thng qun l mi trng v cc hot ng ca t chc nhm xc nhn s
tun th vi h thng qun l mi trng v vi tiu chun ISO 14001. Cn
bo co kt qu nh gi ti lnh o cp cao. Thng thng chu ky nh gi
l mt nm/ 1 ln nhng tn sut c th thay i ph thuc vo mc quan
trng ca cc hot ng

Bc 5: Xem xt ca lnh o:
(L giai on th nm v l giai on cui ca m hnh lin quan n hot ng
xem xt ca lnh o v h thng QLMT.-c lc thuyt trnh) Qu trnh xem xt
yu cu thu thp cc thng tin lin quan ti h thng QLMT v thng bo cc thng
tin ny ti lnh o cp cao theo k hoch nh trc. Mc ch ca qu trnh xem
xt ny gm: (slide,4 ci bn di)
m bo tnh ph hp lin tc ca h thng HTQLMT
Xc nh tnh y

Thm tra tnh hiu qu ca h thng

To iu kin ci tin lin tc h thng HTQLMT, cc qu trnh v thit b mi

trng

T kt qu xem xt ca lnh o v cc thit b v nhn lc s dng trong qu trnh

p dng h thng HTQLMT cng nh cc kt qu hot ng v mi trng, t chc
se quyt nh c iu kin hin ti c th chp nhn c, v cn phi thay i
nhng g. Giai on ny l bc nh gi trong chu trnh Lp k hoch - Thc hin
Kim tra - nh gi.m, nhn sinh thi, xc nh v kim k kh nh knh

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=hCAa7OWdjfo
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