Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
nh gi sn phm
- nh gi vng i;
- ghi nhn mi trng;
- sn phm tiu chun trong cc ch s mi trng.
C th, B tiu chun ISO 14000, bao gm cc tiu chun v cc ti liu hng dn
khc lin quan n mt s ch v mi trng nh:
H thng qun l mi trng (Environmental Management Systems) : ISO
14001,14004.
nh gi hiu qu mi trng (Environmental Performance Evaluation) : ISO
14031.
Ghi nhn mi trng (Environmental Labeling) : ISO 14020, 14021, 14022, 14023,
14024.
nh gi vng i ca sn phm (Life Cycle Assessment) : ISO 14040, 14041,
14042, 14043.
Cc kha cnh mi trng trong tiu chun sn phm (Environmental aspects in
Product Standards) : ISO 14060.
2.2 Nguyn tc ca ISO 14000:
Kt qu trong qun l mi trng tt hn .
Bao gm cc h thng qun l mi trng v cc kha cnh mi trng ca sn
phm.
c p dng trong tt c cc quc gia.
Thc y li ch rng ln hn ca cng chng cng nh ngi s dng cc tiu
chun ny.
c th p ng cc nhu cu khc nhau ca bt k t chc/doanh nghip, loi
sn phm - dch v trn ton th gii.
c da trn khoa hc
Trn tt c l nhm c tnh thc t, tnh hu ch v tnh dng.
2.3 Mc ch ca ISO 14000:
H tr trong vic bo v mi trng v kim sot nhim.
m bo cc hot ng mi trng c p ng v tun th lut nh.
H tr cc t chc trong vic phng trnh cc nh hng mi trng.
3.Vai tr, li ch, phm vi lnh vc p dng ISO 14000:
3.1 Vai tr, li ch ca ISO 14000:
Vai tr ca ISO 14000
B tiu chun ISO 14000 thit lp mt h thng qun l mi trng v cung cp cc
cng c h tr cho cc doanh nghip, gip cc c s ny nhn thc v qun l c tc
ng ca mnh i vi mi trng ngn nga nhim v lin tc c hnh ng ci thin
mi trng. y cng l c s bn th ba nh gi h thng qun l mi trng ca
cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v.
Li ch t ISO 14000
V mt th trng:
Nng cao uy tn v hnh nh ca Doanh nghip vi khch hng.
Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh nh nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong hot ng mi
trng.
Pht trin bn vng nh p ng cc yu cu ca c quan qun l mi trng v
cng ng xung quanh.
V mt kinh t:
Gim thiu mc s dng ti nguyn v nguyn liu u vo.
Gim thiu mc s dng nng lng.
Nng cao hiu sut cc qu trnh sn xut v cung cp dch v.
Gim thiu lng rc thi to ra v chi ph x l.
Ti s dng cc ngun lc/ti nguyn.
Trnh cc khon tin pht v vi phm yu cu php lut v mi trng.
Gim thiu chi ph ng thu mi trng.
Hiu qu s dng nhn lc cao hn nh sc kho c m bo trong mi
trng lm vic an ton.
Gim thiu cc chi ph v phc li nhn vin lin quan n cc bnh ngh
nghip.
Gim thiu tn tht kinh t khi c ri ro v hoc tai nn xy ra.
V mt qun l ri ro:
Thc hin tt vic phng cc ri ro v hn ch thit hi do ri ro gy ra.
iu kin gim chi ph bo him.
D dng hn trong lm vic vi bo him v tn tht v bi thng.
V mt php l:
Tng cng nhn thc v quy nh php lut v qun l mi trng.
Quan h tt vi chnh quyn v cng ng.
To c s cho hot ng chng nhn, cng nhn v tha nhn:
c s m bo ca bn th ba.
Vt qua ro cn k thut trong thng mi.
C hi cho qung co, qung b.
Ngoi ra chng ta cn phi lu vic lm ISO 14000 khng n thun l mt chi ph,
m l mt khon u t s mang li hiu qu cng nh khng nht thit l phi p ng
y ngay cc yu cu ca tiu chun hoc php lut mi lm c ISO 14000.c
bit, cn xem xt n hin trng c s h tng v ngun lc sn c hoc s c huy
ng trc khi cam kt d n.
ISO 14000 c v nh l "giy thng hnh xanh" khi T chc/doanh nghip
tham gia th trng th gii.
3.2 Phm vi lnh vc p dng:
Phm vi p dng ISO 14000:
Tt c cc t chc/doanh nghip, cc lnh vc, khu vc trn th gii...
Cc khu vc nh dch v, ngn hng, bo him, khch sn, xut nhp khu, bun
bn, phn phi, lu kho, vn ti hng ho, khai thc.
Cc c quan nh trng hc, cc c quan chnh ph v cc t hp qun s...
4. Cc yu t cu thnh:
ISO 14001
n nay cc tiu chun ISO 14001 v ISO 14004 ban hnh phin bn nm 2004.
ISO 14001:2004 H thng qun l mi trng - Cc yu cu v hng dn s
dng - l tiu chun c bit n v p dng rng ri nht trn ton th gii.ISO 14001
a ra mt tp hp cc yu cu chung lm khun kh cc t chc c th hnh thnh
nn mt h thng qun l mi trng ca ring mnh. Qua , n gip cc t chc hng
ti vic xy dng mt cch tip cn c h thng cc phng php qun l nhm t c
mc ch cn bng gia vic duy tr li nhun v gim thiu cc tc ng ti mi trng.
y l tiu chun dng xy dng v chng nhn h thng qun l mi trng theo
ISO 14000.n nay cc tiu chun ISO 14001 ban hnh phin bn nm 2004.
C ba yu cu v cam kt c bn trong chnh sch mi trng, p ng cc yu cu
ca tiu chun ISO 14001, bao gm:
- Phng chng nhim.
- Tun th php lut.
- Lin tc ci tin ca EMS.
Nhng cam kt gip nh hng ci tin trong hot ng mi trng tng th. ISO
14001 c th c s dng nh mt cng c, n tp trung vo vic kim sot cc kha
cnh v mi trng ca t chc hoc cch thc m cc hot ng sn xut sn phm v
dch v ca bn tng tc vi mi trng.V d, lng cht thi vo khng kh, t,
nc. Cc t chc phi miu t nhng g h nh lm, tun theo th tc ca h v ghi li
nhng n lc ca h chng minh vic tun th v ci tin. T chc phi thit lp cc
mc tiu, ch tiu v thc hin mt chng trnh nhm ci thin hiu sut v mi trng
ca t chc c lin quan n li ch ti chnh.
Tiu chun ny khng a ra mt chun mc c th no v mi trng. V vy, n c
th p dng i vi bt k mt t chc no c mong mun p dng, khng phn bit quy
m t chc, cng nh loi hnh sn phm, dch v m h cung cp. Tuy nhin, tiu chun
nhn mnh ti vic t chc phi xem xt ti cc yu cu php quy v mi trng c lin
quan trong qu trnh trin khai p dng. Do , t nht t chc cng cn c mt k hoch
kh thi nhm p ng cc yu cu php l v mi trng ti ni t chc d nh xy
dng h thng qun l.
Cc t chc c th t xy dng v cng b ph hp vi tiu chun ISO14001 hoc s
dng n nh mt tiu chun c chng nhn bi mt t chc c lp, nh
QUACERT.
khc i. ISO 14000 l mt gii php chin lc cc doanh nghip suy ngh v ra quyt
nh. C th ni ISO 14000 l bin php hu hiu mang tnh lu di cho cc doanh
nghip mc d phi c u t ban u cho vic thit lp h thng