Introduction:

Wind energy is important because it holds immense potential in supplying electricity across the
world. Unlike other sources of electricity that require fuel in processing plants, wind energy
generates electricity through wind, which is free. Wind is considered a native fuel that does not
need to be transported or mined, eliminating two costly expenses from long-term energy expenses.
The costs of mining and transporting fossil fuels and nuclear power are highly variable, and the
cost of electricity from these sources often fluctuates. Many experts consider wind power a viable
alternative to buffer these costs because wind is fixed and free. The use of wind-generated
electricity promotes cost-effective and renewable production of energy. Moreover, it reduces
dependence on fossil fuel.
To compensate requirement of wind we used blower. We used 12v DC motor as a generator to
produce electricity. Fan wings are used as turbine blades. To measure RPM of turbine we used
laser tachometer. To provide source to blower to work 12v DC supply is applied.

Project Details:
Following are the components we used in our project.

Wind Turbine Tower

Tower height is an important factor in the design of horizontal-axis wind turbines. The wind blows
faster at higher altitudes because of the drag of the surface and the viscosity of the air. The variation
in velocity with altitude, called wind shear, is most pronounced near the surface. Typically, in
daytime the variation follows the 1/7th power law, which predicts
that wind speed rises proportionally to the seventh root of altitude.
Doubling the altitude of a turbine, then, increases the expected wind
speeds by 10% and the expected power by 34%. Doubling the tower
height generally requires doubling the diameter as well.

Keeping in mind the importance of horizontal axis wind turbine

tower height in our prototype we maintained height of tower equal
to 11/4 feet.

Blower

To obtain voltage from turbine we must rotate turbine blades at specific speed. To compensate
this requirement we introduced blower in our project. Blower contains a 12v DC motor. Blower is
supplied with 12v DC supply.
We constructed 12v DC supply from 220v. For this purpose we used stepdown transformer
(18.33: 1) which converts 220v AC to 12v AC. As we are using DC motor. We have to convert
12v AC to 12 v DC. We use bridge rectifier called full wave rectifier.

 Tachometer:
A non-touch laser tachometer generally uses infrared light to measure the speed of rotation of a
shaft or wheel or any other rotating object. What is necessary for a laser tachometer to work is that
there be some contrast in color or luster on the surface of object. If there is no such contrast or if
the surface is highly polished then a spot is marked on the surface using a marker or sticking a
piece of paper onto the surface. The infrared light from them tachometer falls on the surface and
gets reflected back to the detector on the tachometer. The detector detects the changes in
frequency of the reflected light as reflected alternately by the object surface and the contrast spot.
The number of frequency changes per unit time gives the speed of rotation of the object. That's
how a non-touch laser tachometer works.
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on
the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as
an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

Ruby Laser:
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first
working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H. "Ted" Maiman at Hughes Research
Laboratories on May 16, 1960
Laser radiation has the following important characteristics over ordinary light source. They are:
(i) Monochromatic : A laser beam is more or less in single wavelength. i.e., the line width of laser
beams are extremely narrow
(ii) Directional
(iii) Coherence
(iv) Brightness

 LDR :
An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the
light intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing
circuits.
LDRs are very useful in many electronic circuits, especially in alarms,
switching devices, clocks, street lights and more. There are some audio
application uses such as audio limiters or compressors. It is used to turn ON
or OFF a device according to the ambient light.
The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in
the light intensity falling upon the device. The resistance of an LDR may
typically have the following resistances:
Daylight= 5000
Dark= 20000000

Working of project
In our project we use 12v DC motor for blower. Its blade designing is in such a way that it sucks
air from backside and blow it in front direction to turbine blade. As we use blower fan of smaller
diameter so that it may not work properly from a long distance. To tackle this problem we have to
minimum distance as possible. This minimum distance will give us the edge that the contact area
of air with turbine blades will increase to make it efficient.
We use 12v DC motor in turbine section. In this case we are rotating motor mechanically with the
help of air coming from blower.so motor will act as generator and convert it into electrical power.
Our aim is to measure voltage generated. By using Digital multimeter we will measure these
voltage. Turbine blades receive air from front and blow it to back. Tower height should be as that
air flowing toward and away from the turbine should not experience any hurdle. If air comes after
striking from hurdle its power is decreased. Tower height in our project is 11/4 feet.
To measure RPM of turbine we are using digital tachometer. We are also going to measure the
RPM of blower. Purpose of measuring the RPM of blower is to estimate that what is our input
RPM and what is output RPM and what is the effect of changing RPM upon voltage output from
turbine.
In practical design efficiency of turbine can be increased by increasing height of tower up to a
specific height. But in our prototype we can increase efficiency of blower by use of high RPM
motor. By increasing RPM of blower and installing blower more and more closer to turbine blades
RPM of turbine will increase which has linear behavior with voltage change.

Results:
In our prototype we concluded that by increasing efficiency of blower by use of high RPM motor
and installing blower closer to turbine blades RPM of turbine will increase which has linear
behavior with voltage change.

Abstract:
In our project we are going to make a prototype of horizontal wind turbine. We have used a blower
to rotate the blades of turbine. The blades are connected to the DC motor which act as a generator.
Generator is connected to the multimeter to calculate the voltage generated by turbine. Tachometer
is used to measure the RPM of turbine. To rotate the blower we made DC supply of 12volts.

To find VOLTAGE and RPM of horizontal turbine.